161st CSO Meeting, 15 – 16 March 2005
Proposal for a new COST Action
COST P17
‘EPM’
“Electromagnetic Processing of Materials”
Contact Person : Dr Sergei Molokov
Coventry University
School of Mathematical and Information Sciences
Priory Street
Coventry CV1 5FB, United Kingdom
Tel: +44-2476888601
s.molokov@coventry.ac.uk
COST National Coordinator: Mr. Chris Reilly
Department of Trade and Industry - DTI
Office of Science and Technology - OST
Bay 588
1 Victoria Street
London SW1H 0ET, United Kingdom
Tel : +44 (0)20 7215 6423
Fax : +44 (0)20 7215 6448
Chris.Reilly@dti.gsi.gov.uk
Rapporteur TC Physics: Prof. Yves Lion .
Université de Liège
Institut de Physique
Allée du 6 Aoùt, 17 (Bât B5)
Sart-Tilman par Liège 1
4000 Liège, Belgium
Tel : 32-4-366 3626
Fax : 32-4-366 4516
ylion@ulg.ac.be
Rapporteur TC Materials : Prof. Roberto G.M. Caciuffo
Universita'Politecnica delle Marche
Via Brecce Bianche
60131 Ancona, Italy
Tel: +39 071 2204423
Fax: +39 071 2204729
r.caciuffo@univpm.it
DRAFT
Memorandum of Understanding
For the implementation of a European Concerted Research Action
designated as
COST P17
“EPM”
"ELECTROMAGNETIC PROCESSING OF MATERIALS"
The Signatories to this Memorandum of Understanding, declaring their common intention to
participate in the Concerted Action referred to above and described in the Technical Annex to
the Memorandum, have reached the following understanding:
1.
The Action will be carried out in accordance with the provisions of document
COST 400/01 "Rules and Procedures for Implementing COST Actions", the
contents of which the Signatories are fully aware of.
2.
The main objective of the Action is to increase knowledge about the action of the
electromagnetic fields to control, process and manipulate liquid and solid metals,
semiconductors, electrolytes, ferrofluids, and plasmas with the aim of producing
new or improve the quality of existing materials.
3.
The economic dimension of the activities carried out under the Action has been
estimated, on the basis of information available during the planning of the Action,
at Euro16.5 million in 2004 prices.
4.
The Memorandum of Understanding will take effect by being signed by at least
five Signatories.
5.
The Memorandum of Understanding will remain in force for a period of four
years, calculated from the date of first meeting of the Management Committee,
unless the duration of the Action is modified according to the provisions of
Chapter 6 of the document referred to in Point 1 above.
Technical Annex
COST P17
“ELECTROMAGNETIC PROCESSING OF MATERIALS”
A. Background
Steady and time-varying magnetic and electric fields are widely used in various industrial
processes involved in the production of materials. This is commonly known as the
Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (EPM). The interaction of the electromagnetic fields
with various media (liquid and solid metals, liquid semiconductors, plasmas, electrolytes,
ferrofluids) occurs by means of various forces, including Lorentz, Kelvin, and diamagnetic
forces. This enables materials to be controlled, processed and manipulated thereby affecting
their microstructure. Examples of the action of various forces include magnetic levitation of
electrically conducting and non-conducting fluids, melting, stirring, pumping, stabilization of
melts, free surfaces and interfaces, etc. EPM is involved in the production of metals and
alloys (e.g. aluminium, steel, titanium and magnesium alloys), ceramics and glasses of highest
purity, semiconductors (Si, GaAs, CdTe), and in efficient control of production of nano-scale
metallic and ceramic powders, ferrofluids for medical and engineering applications, laser
welding, etc.
EPM is a multi-disciplinary research field, which involves various topics from MagnetoHydro-Dynamics (MHD), heat and mass transfer, phase transition, electrochemistry, plasma
physics, and other branches of physics, materials science, and engineering.
Despite significant progress over the past two decades, various fundamental issues impede the
progress in the development of EPM. One of the main reasons for this is complexity of the
phenomena involved during the production of materials. A comprehensive approach requires
involvement of experts from various branches of materials science, physics, engineering, and
mathematics. COST Action P6 “Magneto-fluid-dynamics” addressed many issues related to
the interaction of the electric and magnetic fields with the flow of electrically conducting
media. This Action focuses on more applied tasks relevant to EPM and covers many branches
of EPM not included in Action P6. It involves European researchers from MHD, ferrofluid,
plasmas, exploding wires, electrochemistry, turbulence, and heat and mass transfer research
communities. The interaction between these communities is crucial for a significant progress
in EPM in Europe.
EPM is a rapidly developing field. Similar networks on EPM exist in Japan and China.
There has been an increased collaboration in East Asia between Japan, China and Korea,
resulting in a series of joint conferences, which started in 2003. Internationally, many
scientists working on EPM are members of the HYDROMAG Association, which coordinates activities in MHD and EPM worldwide, and which issues a quarterly electronic
newsletter. Partners in this COST Action participate in the organization of major tri-annual
international conferences on EPM, MHD (PAMIR), and Ferrofluids.
At a European level, COST Action P6 has been very efficient in establishing a
European network partly involved in EPM. Most of the research groups involved in the
Technical Annex
3
Action on EPM are already supported at a national level, and have strong collaborative links
with industry in their own countries. Such collaboration provides a constant source of new
questions and ideas, which will then be discussed during Working Group meetings and
workshops.
B. Objectives and benefits
The main objective of the Action is to increase knowledge about the action of the
electromagnetic fields to control, process and manipulate liquid and solid metals,
semiconductors, electrolytes, ferrofluids, and plasmas with the aim of producing new or
improve the quality of existing materials.
To reach the main objective the following secondary objectives have to be fulfilled:
to increase understanding of the fundamental issues of EPM, such as solidification, heat and
mass transfer, MHD turbulence, and to increase modelling capabilities for EPM
to develop new and to improve existing measurement techniques for flows of liquid metals,
electrolytes, ferrofluids, etc.
to increase knowledge about the application of electromagnetic fields to control production
and properties of metals and semiconductors
to gain an in-depth knowledge about ferrofluid-dynamics with the aim of producing
ferrofluids with enhanced magnetic properties, as well as biocompatible fluids
to study complex phenomena of the exploding wire (micro arcs, self-collimating flow,
collisionless shocks, MHD expansion, etc.) with the aim of producing nano-scale powders to
increase knowledge about the influence of magnetic fields on electrochemical processes with
the aim of producing ferromagnetic films, multilayers, and nanostructures (nanowires,
nanopowders, etc.), with improved properties.
Benefits:
The COST Action brings together experts from various branches of research on EPM and
promotes collaboration between groups already in the field, as well as groups entering the
field. This will lead to increasing competitiveness of European research groups. Hence, the
benefits of the Action can be summarized as follows:
The ability for a larger research community to improve the knowledge in the field, identifying
new problems and providing fast responses to emerging applications
The improvement of communication between research groups themselves and further
strengthening ties with industry
The co-ordination of the definition of coherent research goals and of joint research activities
The knowledge transferable to other research areas and technologies, such as space systems,
liquid metal systems for fusion reactors (ITER), MHD power generation, etc.
C. Scientific programme
C.1. Fundamentals
EPM is by nature an applied research field. It relies however on various branches of
fundamental research, such as fluid dynamics, MHD, thermodynamics, electromagnetism and
Technical Annex
4
plasma physics. The goal is to undertake fundamental research aimed at improving
understanding of basic phenomena relevant to EPM. This activity includes theoretical,
numerical and experimental studies.
Heat transfer and solidification: Solidification occurs in a wide range of industrial
applications, including crystal growth and casting. The understanding of the solidification
processes relies heavily on thermodynamics for describing heat transfer and phase transition
phenomena, as well as on MHD for accounting for fluid flows in general and instabilities and
turbulence in particular. The goal is to understand better the parameters that affect
solidification, in particular in relation to external electromagnetic fields, mechanical
perturbations, the formation of the mushy zone, and its effect on the microstructure of
materials. Fundamental studies on solidification include model experiments and numerical
simulation.
MHD turbulence: The main goal is to develop modelling techniques for MHD turbulence
relevant to the flow of electrically conducting fluids. Low magnetic Reynolds number
approximation, recently developed numerical techniques, such as the large eddy simulation,
and their validation against experimental data obtained in simple geometries are of particular
interest. Another aim is to investigate Lattice-Boltzmann and Lagrangian approaches to MHD
simulation, in particular in the presence of externally imposed electromagnetic fields.
Alternative MHD simulation methods in standard and specialized computer architecture are
also of interest.
Free surface and interface instabilities: The goal is to improve the understanding of free
surface and interface instabilities with the aim of controlling the behaviour of surfaces of
electrically conducting fluids and ferrofluids. This includes modelling and experimental work
on the stabilisation of interfaces using external fields, as well as the study of the destabilizing
effect of electric currents and imposed magnetic fields.
Fundamental MHD experiments and theory: Although the main focus of the Action is on
EPM, a domain mainly driven by industrial applications, a specific goal of the Working
Group "Fundamentals" is to keep contact with non-technological research communities.
Indeed, the interaction between matter and electromagnetic fields is studied in many other
fields from which modelling, experimental or numerical techniques could be transferred to
EPM. For instance, the development of accurate numerical techniques for liquid metal flows
could benefit from direct comparison with data obtained from ongoing experimental
investigations of the effects of magnetic field generation, the AMPERE project in particular.
This also holds for the experiments on high-field MHD flows in various laboratories, such as
MEKKA at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe. Modelling of convective instabilities and
turbulence in astro-, solar- and geo- physics, although characterised by very different values
of physical parameters, might stimulate MHD- and heat-transfer- modelling in large scale
liquid metal flows. MHD turbulence in astrophysics is directly observable with present-day
radio telescopes through synchrotron emission and Faraday rotation.
Fundamental ferrofluid experiments and theory: Due to their complex make up - consisting of
magnetic particles, surfactant and carrier liquid - the description of ferrofluids by means of
microscopic models is extremely difficult. Even a slight change in the composition of the
fluids can lead to significant changes in their behaviour and can thus require a completely
new approach to their description. Therefore, the recent development of a macroscopic theory
of ferrofluids based on the principles of irreversible thermodynamics, attracts high interest in
the research field. In this theory the properties of the fluid are included in coupling parameters
between the dynamics of the fluid and the characteristics of the flow. Thus the theory is
independent from the fluid and the change of the fluid results only in the modification of the
Technical Annex
5
coupling parameters. Although the development of this theory has only started, first
experiments have shown that it makes reasonable predictions. The research activities cover
the development of the macroscopic ferrofluid theory, as well as respective experiments
enabling the measurement of coupling parameters, as well as proving theoretical predictions.
C.2. Measurement Techniques
Better understanding and optimisation of electromagnetic processing of various materials
requires reliable experimental data. The objective is the development of new and
improvement of existing measurement techniques for flows of liquid metals, electrolytes,
ferrofluids, etc. The activities focus on but are not exclusively restricted to the following
measurement techniques.
Local sensors: Fluid velocity, pressure, void fraction, etc. can be measured at discrete
positions using local probes, such as Potential Difference (Vives) Probes, Hot-FilmAnemometers, Mechano-Optical- and Resistive- Probes. The direct contact of the sensor with
the hot and chemically aggressive metallic melt imposes considerable restrictions on the
measurement time. Material problems have to be solved in order to increase the lifetime of the
sensor. Improvement of the quality of measurements can be obtained by further
miniaturisation of the sensors.
Ultrasonic techniques: Ultrasonic methods are very attractive because of their capability to
investigate flows of opaque liquids in a non-intrusive way. Ultrasonic techniques have been
developed to detect gas bubbles on the solid-liquid interface of solidifying metallic melts.
Doppler techniques are available to measure the flow velocity. However, current technology
places severe limitations for applications at temperatures above 200°C. In addition, thermal
restrictions of the ultrasonic transducers, acoustic coupling between sensor and fluid, and
allocation of suitable tracer particles are very important problems.
Radiation techniques: The radioscopic technique allows real-time visualisation of opaque
flows. In-situ observations during solidification and melting processes deliver results that
need to be clarified. These include for instance gravitational segregation in the melt, natural
convection, and double-diffusive flow patterns.
Inductive flow meters: They provide a contactless way to determine the flow rate. The
interaction between the flow and an applied magnetic field modifies the field, which is
detected by suitable magnetic field sensors delivering information about the flow rate. The
research is especially focused on problems related to high-temperature regime.
Reconstruction of velocity and interfaces from magnetic field measurements: contactless
determination of the velocity structure inside a fluid volume is highly desirable in a number of
metallurgical applications. The analysis of the induced magnetic field outside the fluid
volume and the induced electric potential at the fluid boundary enables reconstruction of the
fluid velocity.
C.3. Liquid Metals and Semiconductors
The aim is to increase knowledge about the application of electromagnetic fields to control
production and properties of metals and semiconductors. This involves the application of
static uniform and nonuniform magnetic fields, including high magnetic fields, as well as
Technical Annex
6
alternating fields, and their combination. The activities focus on but will not be limited to
metallurgy, semiconductor crystal growth, laser processing of materials, and space power
applications.
Steel: The goal is further optimisation of contactless control and its effect on melts during the
steel production process. Some examples for this are magnetic or inductive stirring and
mixing as well as the technology of magnetic braking. Numerical simulations in this area
need to be significantly improved.
Light metals: Direct influence of magnetic fields on solidification is to be investigated. The
use of electromagnetic stirring and mixing in metal casting, is of particular interest. Further,
investigation of thixo-casting of aluminium, which requires a precise prediction and control of
the temperature distribution will be done. There is also a significant interest in the effect of
MHD instabilities and heat transfer on aluminium production.
Skull-Melting Technologies: The induction cold crucible technology as one application of
skull-melting is a well known method for melting and pouring of special alloys, such as
titanium-aluminium and others. Further improvement of the melting technology is necessary
to widen the field of application in the direction of superheating the melt in order to get better
results for complex casting structures. Also, the combination of induction melting with
electron beam heating has to be investigated further in order to superheat the melt. Recent
investigations have shown that skull-melting technology offers potential for melting and
pouring of ceramics and glasses of highest purity, for semiconductor crystal growth, and for
production of nanostructured materials.
Czochralski and Bridgman methods: The goal is theoretical investigation of the effect of
magnetic fields on semiconductor melts in typical processes of crystal growth, such as vertical
Bridgman and Czochralski. In principle, proof is required that the electromagnetic control of
convective heat transport can be beneficial for various crystal growth technologies (Si, GaAs,
CdTe, etc.), providing for instance the possibility to control the geometry of the solidifying
phase boundary.
Floating zone-method: The goal is to study the growth of single crystals of intermetallic
compounds by using a well-defined magnetic field configuration. The influence of the
magnetic field should be investigated as an innovative means for contactless control and
manipulation of the phase boundary depending on convection in the melt and on the
segregation behaviour during crystal growth. Investigation of the influence of the fluid flow
on the dopand concentration and on the macro- and microscopic resistivity distribution in the
crystal is performed.
Laser processing of materials: In a wide range of technologies involving laser processing of
materials, such as welding, surface treatment, drilling and cutting, a metallic melt is created.
Applied magnetic fields, together with an electric current flowing through the melt, create
volumetric forces modifying the pressure distribution, the flow field, and the heat transfer.
This effect is used to modify the geometry and metallurgy of the re-solidified melt. In
addition, a strong reduction of pore formation is expected owing to modified buoyancy force.
In drilling and cutting magnetic forces help to remove the melt. The interest is in numerical,
experimental, and design studies to enhance significantly the quality and efficiency of laser
processing of materials.
Technical Annex
7
C.4. Ferrofluids
Ferrofluids are stable suspensions of magnetic nanoparticles in appropriate carrier liquids.
Due to the high magnetic moment of the particles strong magnetic body forces (Kelvin force)
can be exerted on these fluids by means of magnetic fields of about 10mT. This facilitates
effective control of the properties of these fluids by such weak magnetic fields. During the
past 40 years the possibility of magnetic control of ferrofluids has led to numerous technical
applications, such as the sealing of hard disk drives and the cooling of loudspeakers by means
of magnetically positioned liquids. The aim is to focus on the synthesis of new ferrofluids
with enhanced magnetic properties, as well as on biocompatible fluids.
Fluid synthesis: The goal is the development of suspensions of magnetic particles with
properties tailored for applications in both medical and technical fields. By changing the
magnetic material and/or the surfactant of the suspended particles the interparticle interaction
can be significantly modified leading to different overall properties of the fluids. Moreover,
medical applications require the use of specific materials to ensure biocompatibility of the
fluids as well as their stability.
Rheology: A field of basic importance for the development and description of ferrofluids is
the influence of magnetic fields on their rheological behavior. The formation of structures,
such as chains, rods or bulk aggregates due to interparticle interaction of the magnetic
particles in a magnetic field leads to significant changes in the overall viscosity of the fluids.
Furthermore, viscoelastic effects, significant yield stresses and normal stresses can be induced
by magnetic fields. From a combination of experimental investigations with numerical
simulations a detailed microscopic explanation for the rheological changes can be obtained
providing the basis for the definition of new ferrofluids tailored for specific technical
applications.
Basic “Ferrofluid-Dynamics”: As a result of the findings made in the context of rheological
investigations of ferrofluids it has been shown that the classical description of their dynamics,
based on the assumption of non-interacting particles, is not valid for the description of
concentrated ferrofluids with interacting particles. Thus a new theoretical formulation to
describe the dynamics of ferrofluids is the goal of fundamental importance for the future
development of ferrofluid research.
Medical applications: The use of magnetic nanoparticles for cancer therapy is one of the most
promising fields of application of magnetic fluids. Investigations concerning the delivery of
the particles to the application zone, as well as heat generation induced by the particles
subjected to an alternating magnetic field, will provide information for the optimization of the
relevant processes on the way towards clinical applications.
C.5. Solids and Plasmas
The main goal is to investigate the physics and technology based on the exploding wire
phenomenon. The applications involve the production of nano-scale ceramic and metal
powders, measurement of material properties, solid and liquid metal fuses, Z-pinch, etc. The
work involves both experimental and theoretical studies to provide better understanding of
complex phenomena of the exploding wire (micro arcs, self-collimating flow, collisionless
shocks, MHD expansion, etc.)
Technical Annex
8
Production of nano-scale powder: Particles of sizes between 1 and 100 nm (i.e. nano particles)
are becoming increasingly important in many modern technologies. Numerous quite different
and well-documented methods exist for their production (chemical, pyrolitic, laser ablation,
etc) with each having its attendant advantages and disadvantages. A novel method of
producing nano-particles that appears particularly well suited to modern industrial needs is to
explode either a single metallic wire or an array of such wires in a controlled atmosphere.
Preliminary results indicate that high quality powders of aluminium oxide, aluminium nitride
or PZT can be successfully synthesised this way. It is believed that by careful tuning of the
many different parameters that are involved, it is possible to control both the particle size and
the particle size distribution. An example is the production of ceramics from nano-powders
showing outstanding hardness or plasticity at moderate temperatures, or remarkable electric
conductivity with application, for example, in health industry. Efficient control of the size of
the particles and other parameters requires understanding of the magneto-mechanical
vibrations, melting, evaporation, fragmentation, and other effects characteristic for wire
explosions.
Z-pinch research: The understanding of properties of plasma produced during wire explosions
requires modelling and experimental capabilities, which are related to Z-pinch research. Zpinch implosions are investigated using the powerful pulsed power generators, such as
MAGPIE at Imperial College London, UK (2.4MV, up to 2MA for about 200 ns) to drive
exploding wire arrays. In order to extrapolate to future thermonuclear ignition facilities, using
the X-ray driven imploding capsule technique, it is important to understand the physics of the
intense X-ray source. The MAGPIE experiments are well suited to do this with good access to
laser probing, X-ray back-lighting, optical, X-ray streak and framing imaging. In addition,
simulations in two and three dimensions are undertaken using high performance computing
and sophisticated analysis to unravel the complex plasma dynamics. Nested wire arrays and
arrays of mixed materials are investigated as means of providing control over the shape and
power of the X-ray pulse.
Properties of materials: The interest is in the measurement of material properties, such as
electrical conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient when the wire heated by pulsed high
current, and thus is going through a sequence of phase transitions: solid-liquid-vapourplasma. There is also an interest in the behaviour of nano-structured materials and of single
crystals at high strain rates.
C. 6 Electrolytes
The goal is to increase knowledge about the effect of magnetic fields on electrochemical
processes with the aim of producing ferromagnetic films, multilayers, and nanostructures
(nanowires, nanopowders, etc.) with improved properties.
The effect on the bath properties: The action of the magnetic field on the bath properties
manifests in the change of all the physical parameters. When a magnetic field is applied
during an electrochemical process, the bath conductivity becomes anisotropic as a result of
transverse concentration gradients of electrolytic species, which create an electric field in the
direction perpendicular to the magnetic field. This could be identified as Hall effect. In the
same manner it has been observed that the diffusivity of the electro-active species, the
viscosity, and the level of temperature of the bath are slightly modified. All these effects are
generally weak and do not alter the average values by more than 10%. Nevertheless, the
Technical Annex
9
studies performed so far were for a weak magnetic field, and the analysis has to be extended
to the case of high field using e.g. a super-conducting magnet.
The effect on kinetics: The second task deals with kinetics during the electron transfer. A
deeper insight is required as many results are controversial. Experiments have to be
performed under magnetic fields of higher intensity, which can lead to definitive results.
Obtaining new results for this problem is very important from both theoretical and applied
points of view.
Control of mass transfer: Magnetic fields are used to control the mass transfer processes in the
electrochemical cells. In the most classical configuration the magnetic field is imposed
perpendicular to the electrical current. In such a case the Lorenz force arises, and the MHD
convection governs the hydrodynamic boundary layers. When either paramagnetic or
ferromagnetic species are involved, other forces exist that can affect the diffusion processes
and the electrical conductivity of the bath. Some electrical phenomena have been neglected up
to now. For example, for the non-equipotential electrodes, such as semiconductors, anisotropy
effects could arise. All these magnetically induced convective effects can be used to control
materials that are being deposited. The application of AC magnetic field could be used to
solve specific problems for the improvement of mass transfer. Many questions have to be
addressed to fully understand the magnetic convective effects at macro scale (yield and
deposit thickness homogeneity) as well as at the micro scale (texture, structure and micro
heterogeneity of deposits). A very important aspect is the role of turbulence and the
characterisation of the apparent diffusivity coefficient in the electrochemical situation
characterised by high Smidth number.
The effect on the structure of the deposit: The control of the action of the magnetic field on
the structure of the deposit is very important, but is not fully understood. It is believed that
this effect can be used for applications to develop various materials, such as metals, alloys,
ferromagnetic films, multilayers, nanostructures (nanowires, nanopowders, etc.) with
improved properties (magnetic, anticorrosive, catalytic, etc) due to effects on grain nucleation
and nanoscopic scale processes. These are chiefly responsible for nano- and meso-properties
of materials.
Technical Annex
10
D. Organisation
The Action consists of six Working Groups. Two of them are ‘horizontal’ and four ‘vertical’
(figure 1). Horizontal Working Groups involve topics, which are important to the majority of
participants. Vertical Working Groups focus on applications to specific media, covering most
areas of EPM.
H1: Fundamentals
V1: Liquid Metals and
Semiconductors
V2: Ferrofluids
V3: Solids and
Plasmas
V4: Electrolytes
H2: Measurement Techniques
WG H1: Working Group for task C.1.
Fundamentals:
- MHD turbulence
- Free surfaces and interfaces
- Solidification and heat transfer
- Fundamental experiments and theory
WG H2: Working Group for task C.2.
Measurement Techniques:
- Local sensors
- Ultrasonic and radiation techniques
- Inductive flow meters
WG V1: Working Group for task C.3.
Metals and Semiconductors:
- Steel
- Light metals
- Skull melting technologies
- Semiconductors
- Laser welding
WG V2: Working Group for task C.4. Ferrofluids:
- Fluid synthesis
- Rheology
- Medical applications
- Basic ferrofluid dynamics
WG V3: Working Group for task C.5.
Solids and Plasmas:
- Nano-scale powder
- Properties of materials
- Magnetoelastic vibrations
- Z-pinch
WG V4: Working Group for task C.6. Electrolytes
- Action on the bath properties
- Effect on kinetics
- Mass transfer control
- Effect on the structure of the deposit
Figure 1: Structure of the Action
Technical Annex
11
E. Timetable
The duration of this COST Action is four years. The schedule is sketched in figure 2:
WG H1
WG H2
WG V1
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Figure 2: Schedule
The working groups will be approximately equal in size. The interaction between vertical and
horizontal groups will take place via:
•
continuous exchange of information
•
participation of some partners in a vertical and in a horizontal working group
simultaneously
•
joint workshops and working group meetings
•
STSMs (approximately 10 per year)
Three training schools will be organised during the course of the Action. The first one will be
on Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence (University of Warwick, UK, June 26 – July 1, 2006)
in association with major International Turbulence Symposium. This will facilitate an
efficient in-depth training of young researchers. The second training school will be on a
general topic of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials during Year 2, and the third one on
Ferrofluids during Year 3.
Description of schedule:
Year one: Kick-off meeting, preliminary research and determination of coherent goals among
COST partners. The starting phase during the first six months, beginning with the kick-off
meeting, should give the opportunity to determine the state of the art for existing problems. It
would be useful for partners who are involved in EPM to know at a determined time what is
attainable by using existing technologies and where there are still open questions.
Technical Annex
12
Furthermore, this time should be used for defining joint standards to make the transfer and the
use of results easier.
Years two and three: Co-ordination of main research and developing activities.
Year four: Synthesis of achieved results, adaptation of research goals, and determination of
new goals.
F. Economic dimension
The following countries have been actively participated in the preparation of the Action or
otherwise indicated their interest: Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Israel, Italy,
Latvia, The Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain, United Kingdom.
On the basis of national estimates provided by representatives of these 12 countries, the
economic dimension of the activities to be carried out under this Action has been estimated, in
2004 prices, at roughly Euro 16.5 million.
This estimate is valid under the assumption that all the countries mentioned above but no
others countries will participate in the Action. Any departure from this will change the total
cost accordingly.
G. Dissemination plan
Target audiences, other than the partners involved in the Action, can be identified as
researchers and engineers working in the fields of materials science, magnetohydrodynamics,
fluid dynamics, electrochemistry, thermodynamics, ferrofluids, pulsed power, astrophysics,
geophysics, space, etc. The audience can be reached via:
HYDROMAG Newsletter,
Regular international conferences on Electromagnetic Processing
Magnetohydrodynamics, Ferrofluids, Pulsed Power, and Dynamo
of
Materials,
Posting of working documents on a password-protected website
Establishment of an e-mail network
Publications: state-of-the art reports, interim reports, case studies, proceedings of workshops
and WG meetings, and final reports
Events, workshops, and seminars organized by the MC
Articles in scientific and technical journals,
Non-technical publications
Training courses for postgraduate students
Technical Annex
13
COST P17
‘EPM’
“ELECTROMAGNETIC PROCESSING OF MATRIALS”
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
NOT PART OF THE MOU
Additional Information
List of Experts
Experts who have been consulted during the drafting of the proposal and have already
expressed interest in the Action
BELGIUM
Dr Danièle Carati
Université Libre de Bruxelles
Physique Statistique et Plasmas CP 231
Campus de la Plaine Boulevard du Triomphe
1050 Bruxelles
BELGIUM
Tel:+32- 26505813
dcarati@ulb.ac.be
Dr Jean Paul Collette
Space centre of Liege
Centre Spatial de Liège
Parc Scientifique du Sart Tilman
B 4031 Angleur
BELGIUM
Tel: +32-4 367 66 68
jpcollette@ulg.ac.be
Dr Nicolas Limbourg
Association PROBEL
183 rue de Marbaix 6110 montigny le tilleul
BELGIUM
Tel: +32-494 50 60 56
probel.space@skynet.be
Dr Henry Declerc
Society Alcatel ETCA
rue chapelle Beaussart 101, B 6032 Mont-surMarchienne
BELGIUM
Tel: +32 71 44 23 20
henri.declercq@etca.alcatel.be
Prof Johan Deconinck
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Dept of Electrical Engineering
Pleinlaan 2
1050 Brussels
BELGIUM
Tel: + 32 2 629 28 01
jdeconin@vub.ac.be
FRANCE
Dr Antoine Alemany
Laboratoire LEGI-IMG Grenoble
B.P. 53
38041 Grenoble Cedex 09
FRANCE
Tel:+33-476825037
antoine.alemany@hmg.inpg.fr
Prof Jean-François Pinton
Laboratoire dePhysique UMR5672
Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon et CNRS
46, allée d'
Italie F69364 Lyon cedex 07
FRANCE
Tel. (+33)(4) 72 72 83 79
pinton@ens-lyon.fr
Dr Jacques Léorat
DAEC
Observatoire de Paris-Meudon
Place Janssen 5
92195 Meudon
FRANCE
Tel: +33-145077421
jacques.leorat@obspm.fr
Prof Rene Moreau
Prof Yves Fautrelle
Dr Jacqueline Etay
Laboratory EPM,
ENSHMG,
BP 95, F-38402 Saint Martin d'
Heres Cedex
FRANCE
Additional Information
Tel: 33 (0)476 82 52 06
Rene.Moreau@hmg.inpg.fr
Yves.Fautrelle@hmg.inpg.fr
Jacqueline.Etay@hmg.inpg.fr
Prof Jean-Paul Chopart
Dynamique des Transferts aux Interfaces EA
3083 , FRE CNRS
Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
UFR Sciences, Moulin de la Housse,
BP 1039
51687 REIMS Cedex 2
FRANCE
Tel : (33) 0 326 913 165
jp.chopart@univ-reims.fr
Dr Thierry Tomasino
PECHINEY CRV - GROUPE ALCAN
725, rue Aristide Berges B.P. 27
38341 VOREPPE Cédex
FRANCE
Tel. +33-04 76 57 84 91
thierry.tomasino@alcan.com
Prof Serguei Martemianov
ESIP - University of Poitiers
40, avenue du Recteur Pineau
86022 Poitiers Cedex
FRANCE
Tel: +33 (0)5 49 45 39 04
serguei.martemianov@univ-poitiers.fr
Dr Jean Edmond Chaix
Society Technicatome
1100 Avenue Jean-René Guillibert Gautier de
la Lauzere, B.P. 34000,
13791 Aix en Provence Cedex 3
FRANCE
jean-edmond.chaix@technicatome.com
Dr Emil Spahn
French-German Research Institute of SaintLouis (ISL),
Saint Louis,
FRANCE
spahn@isl.tm.fr
Dr Jean Larour
Laboratoire de Physique et Technologie des
Plasmas (LPTP), High Energy Density
Magnetized Plasma Group, Ecole
Polytechnique
91128 PALAISEAU
FRANCE
Tel: +33 1 69 33 32 80
larour@lptp.polytechnique.fr
Dr Francois Daviaud
Dr Arnaud Chiffaudel
Dr Nicolas Leprovost
Dr Berengere Dubrulle
Dr Florent Ravelet
Dr Romain Monchaux
Groupe Instabilite et Turbulence
SPEC/DRECAM/DSM/CEA
CEA Saclay
F-91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex
FRANCE
Tel: +33-1-69 08 72 40
daviaud@drecam.saclay.cea.fr
arnaud@drecam.saclay.cea.fr
leprov@drecam.saclay.cea.fr
bdubrulle@cea.fr
ravelet@drecam.saclay.cea.fr
romain.monchaux@cea.fr
Dr Patrice Le Gal
Institut de Recherche sur les Phénomènes Hors
Equilibre
Technopôle de Chateau-Gombert
49 Av. F. Joliot-Curie, B.P. 146, 13384
Marseille cédex 13
FRANCE
Tel: +33 (0)4 96 13 97 79
legal@irphe.univ.mrs.fr
Dr Pierre Molho
Dr Rafik Ballou
Laboratoire Louis Néel
BP 166, 38042 Grenoble cedex 9
FRANCE
Tel: (33) 4 76 88 79 19
molho@grenoble.cnrs.fr
ballou@grenoble.cnrs.fr
GERMANY
Prof André Thess
Dr Alban Potherat
Technische Universität Ilmenau
Additional Information
Fakulatät für Maschinenbau - Fachgebiet
Thermo- und Fluiddynamik
Postfach 100 565
98684 Ilmenau
GERMANY
Tel: +49-3677692445
thess@tu-ilmenau.de
alban.potherat@tu-ilmenau.de
Dr Stefan Odenbach
ZARM - University of Bremen
Am Fallturm /Hochschulring
28359 Bremen
GERMANY
Tel: +49 - (0) 421 / 218 – 4785
odenbach@zarm.uni-bremen.de
Dr Rainer Beck
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Auf dem Huegel 69
53121 Bonn
GERMANY
p181bck@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de
Dr Leo Bühler
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe
Postfach 3640
D-76021 Karlsruhe
GERMANY
Tel: +49 7247 823497
leo.buehler@iket.fzk.de
Dr Gunter Gerbeth
Dr Sven Eckert
Forschungszentrum Rossendorf
Institut für Sicherheitsforschung
Abteilung Magnetohydrodynamik
Postfach 510119
1314 Dresden
GERMANY
Tel:+49-3512603484
g.gerbeth@fz-rossendorf.de
s.eckert@fz-rossendorf.de
Prof. Bernard Nacke
University of Hannover
Institut für Elektrothermische Prozesstechnik
Wilhelm-Busch-Str. 4
30167 Hannover
GERMANY
Tel : +49-511-762 - 2872
nacke@ewh.uni-hannover.de
Dr Peter Berger
Dr Vjaceslav V. Avilov
Dr Guenter Ambrosy
IFSW and FGSW
University of Stuttgart
Pfaffenwaldring 43
70569 Stuttgart
GERMANY
Tel: +49 -711/685-6881
berger@ifsw.uni-stuttgart.de
avilov@ifsw.uni-stuttgart.de
ambrosy@ifsw.uni-stuttgart.de
Dr Peter Dold
Institute for Crystallography
University of Freiburg
Hebelstr. 25
D-79104 Freiburg
GERMANY
Tel.: +49 761 203 6440
pit@krist.uni-freiburg.de
Additional Information
Dr Gundars Ratnieks
Siltronic AG
Johannes-Hess-Str. 24
D-84489 Burghausen
GERMANY
Tel.: +49 8677 83 5695
gundars.ratnieks@siltronic.com
ISRAEL
Prof Herman Branover
Dr Ephim Golbraikh
Prof Arkady Kapusta
Dr Boris Mikhailovich
Center for MHD Studies
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
P.O.Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105
ISRAEL
Tel: + 972-8-6280-451
bran@bgu.ac.il
golbref@bgu.ac.il
borismic@bgu.ac.il
Prof. Peter Rudolph
Institute for Crystal Growth
Max-Born-Str. 2
D-12489 Berlin
Tel.: +49 30 6392 3034
Rudolph@ikz-berlin.de
GREECE
Dr Andreas G. Boudouvis
School of Chemical Engineering
National Technical University of Athens
Athens 15780,
GREECE
Tel: +30 210 772-3241
boudouvi@chemeng.ntua.gr
IRELAND
Prof Evgeny Benilov
Department of Mathematics
University of Limerick
Limerick
IRELAND
Tel: +353 - (0)61 - 213 146
Eugene.Benilov@ul.ie
Prof Michael Coey
Physics Department
Trinity College, Dublin 2,
IRELAND
Tel: (353) 1 6081470/2171
jcoey@mail.tcd.ie
Prof Arkady Tsinober
Department of Fluid Mechanics, Faculty of
Engineering
Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69778
ISRAEL
Tel. +972-3-6408509
tsinober@eng.tau.ac.il
Prof Michael Mond
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Ben-Gurion University
Beer-Sheva
ISRAEL
Tel: +972-8-6477098
mond@bgumail.bgu.ac.il
ITALY
Prof Katepalli R. Sreenivasan
Director of International Centre for Theoretical
Physics
Strada Costiera 11
34014 Trieste
ITALY
Tel: +39 040 2240 251
director@ictp.it
Additional Information
Prof Massimo Tessarotto
Universitá di Trieste - Consorzio di
Magnetofluidodinamica
Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche
Via A. Valerio 12
34127 Trieste
ITALY
Tel: +39-0406762666
m.tessarotto@cmfd.univ.trieste.it
LATVIA
Prof Olgerts Lielausis
Prof Yuri Gelfgat
Prof Elmars Blums
Dr Janis Freibergs
Prof Yuri Kolesnikov
University of Latvia
Institute of Physics Riga
Miera Street 32
2169 Salaspils
LATVIA
Tel: +371-2944700
mbroka@sal.lv
yglf@sal.lv
eblums@tesla.sal.lv
jf@sal.lv
Yuri.Kolesnikov@tu-ilmenau.de
Prof. Andris Jakovics
Prof. Andris Muiznieks
Dr. Janis Virbulis
University of Latvia
Zellu str. 8
LV-1002 Riga
LATVIA
Tel.: +371 703 3780
ajakov@latnet.lv
andrism@lanet.lv
Janis@paic.lv
THE NETHERLANDS
Dr Sasa Kenjeres
Delft University of Technology
Department of Multi Scale Physics
Lorentzweg 1 , 2628 CJ Delft
THE NETHERLANDS
Tel: +31 15 278 3649
Kenjeres@ws.tn.tudelft.nl
Dr Tim Peeters
Knowledge Group Leader
Computational Fluid Dynamics
Corus RD&T - PRC - SCC
P.O. Box 10000 (Building 4H-16)
1970 CA IJmuiden
THE NETHERLANDS
Tel: +31-251 491611
tim.peeters@corusgroup.com
SLOVENIA
Prof Igor Grabec
University of Ljubljana
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Askerceva 6, p.o.b. 394
SI-1001 Ljubljana
SLOVENIA
Tel: +386-1-4771605
Igor.grabec@fs.uni-lj.si
SPAIN
Prof Peregrina Quintela Estévez
University: Universidade de Santiago de
Compostela
Departamento de Matemática Aplicada.
Campus Sur. 15782
Santiago de Compostela. Spain.
Tel: +34 981563100, Ext. 13223
mapere@usc.es
Additional Information
UNITED KINGDOM
Dr Sergei Molokov
Coventry University
School of Mathematical and Information
Sciences
Priory Street
Coventry CV1 5FB
UNITED KINGDOM
Tel: +44-2476888601
s.molokov@coventry.ac.uk
Dr Richard A Harding
IRC in Materials Processing,
The University of Birmingham,
Elms Road,
Edgbaston,
BIRMINGHAM B15 2TT
UNITED KINGDOM
Tel: +44-121 414 5248
R.A.Harding@bham.ac.uk
Mr Rob Brooks
National Physical Laboratory DEPC
Hampton Road
Teddington, Middlesex
TW11 0LW
UNITED KINGDOM
Tel: +44-20 8943 6496
rob.brooks@NPL.co.uk
Prof John E Allen
Department of Engineering Science
University of Oxford
Parks Road
Oxford OX1 3PJ
Tel: +44 01865 280497
john.allen@eng.ox.ac.uk
Dr. Peter J Thomas
Fluid Dynamics Research Centre
School of Engineering
University of Warwick
Coventry CV4 7AL
UNITED KINGDOM
Tel.: +44 (0)24 765 22200
pjt1@eng.warwick.ac.uk
Dr Bucur Novac
Department of Electronic and Electrical
Engineering
Loughborough University
Loughborough
Leicestershire LE11 3TU
UNITED KINGDOM
Tel: +44 (0) 1509 227 005
i.r.smith@lboro.ac.uk
B.M.Novac@lboro.ac.uk
Prof Anvar Shukurov
Prof. C. F. Barenghi
Dr. C. G. Campbell
Dr. G. R. Sarson
Dr. A. Fletcher
School of Mathematics and Statistics
Merz Court
University of Newcastle
Newcastle upon Tyne
NE1 7RU
UNITED KINGDOM
Tel.: +44 (0) 191 222 5398
anvar.shukurov@newcastle.ac.uk
C.F.Barenghi@newcastle.ac.uk
C.G.Campbell@newcastle.ac.uk
g.r.sarson@ncl.ac.uk
Andrew.Fletcher@newcastle.ac.uk
Prof Reza Tavakol
Astronomy Unit
School of Mathematical Sciences,
Queen Mary, University of London
University of London,
Mile End Road,
London E1 4NS
UNITED KINGDOM
Tel: +44 20 7882 5451
r.tavakol@qmul.ac.uk
Dr David Moss
Dr Anne Juel
Department of Mathematics
University of Manchester
Oxford Road
Manchester M13 9PL
UNITED KINGDOM
Tel: +44 161 275 5865
moss@ma.man.ac.uk
anne.juel@ma.man.ac.uk
Prof Ivor Smith
Additional Information
Dr Sergey V. Lebedev
Dr Jeremy P. Chittenden
Plasma Physics Group,
Blackett Laboratory, Room 743
Imperial College,
Prince Consort Road,
London, SW7 2BW
UNITED KINGDOM
Tel: +44 20 7594 7748
s.lebedev@imperial.ac.uk
j.chittenden@imperial.ac.uk
Dr Grigory Vekstein
School of Physics and Astronomy,
The University of Manchester,
POBox 88, Manchester M60 1QD
UNITED KINGDOM
Tel: +44-161-306-3913
g.vekstein@manchester.ac.uk
Prof Koulis Pericleous
Dr Valdis Bojarevics
University of Greenwich
School of Computing and Mathematics
30 Park Row
London SE10 9LS
UNITED KINGDOM
Tel.: +44 (0)2083318565
K.Pericleous@gre.ac.uk
v.bojarevics@gre.ac.uk
Dr A Jonathan Mestel
Department of Mathematics
South Kensington Campus
Imperial College London
London SW7 2AZ
UNITED KINGDOM
Tel: +44-171-594-8513
j.mestel@ic.ac.uk
Dr Valentina Zharkova
Bradford University
Cybernetics Department
Horton Building D1.10
Bradford BD7 1DP
UNITED KINGDOM
Tel.: +44 (0)1274 234 030
v.v.zharkova@Bradford.ac.uk
Dr Valery Nakariakov
Space and Astrophysics Group,
Physics Department,
University of Warwick,
Coventry, CV4 7AL
UNITED KINGDOM
Tel: +44 2476 522235
valery@astro.warwick.ac.uk
Prof Robertus von.Fay-Siebenburgen
Dept of Applied Mathematics
University of Sheffield
Hicks Building, Hounsfield Rd.
Sheffield S3 7RH
UNITED KINGDOM
Tel: +44-114-2223832
robertus@sheffield.ac.uk
Additional Information