REFERENCES Abbade L.C., Paiva P.D.D.E.O., Paiva R. and Graciano M.H.P. (2010). Growth curve and biochemical analyses of callus of ipe-branco (Tabebuia roseo alba Ridl. Sand.). Naturalia, 33: 45-56. Abdullahi M.I., Iliya I., Haruna A.K., Sule M.I., Musa A.M. and Abdullahi M.S. (2010). Preliminary phytochemical and antimicrobial investigations of leaf extracts of Ochna schweinfurthiana (ochnaceae). African Journal Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 4(2): 83-86. Adeneye A.A. and Olagunju J.A. (2009). Preliminary hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of the aqueous seed extract of Carica papaya Linn. in wistar rats. Biology and Medicine, 1(1): 1-10. Aebi H. (1974). Catalase. In: Methods of enzymatic analysis, Bergmeyer H.U. (editor), Academic press, New York, pp: 673-684. Afolayan A.J. and Adebola P.O. (2004). In vitro propagation: A biotechnological tool capable of solving the problem of medicinal plants decimation in South Africa. African Journal of Biotechnology, 3(12): 683-687. Aguilar E.A., Turner W.D. and Sivasithamparan K. (2007). Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense inoculation and hypoxia alter peroxidase and phenylalanineammonia lyase activities in nodal roots of banana cultivars (Musa sp.) differing in their susceptibility to Fusarium wilt. Australian Journal of Botany, 48: 589-596. Ahmed B.A. and Kumar A.R. (2009). In vitro propagation of monocot (Costus pictus D. Don) - an antidiabetic medicinal plant. Journal of Agricultural Technology, 5(2): 361-369. Ahmed M.B., Salahin M., Karim R., Razvy M.A., Hannan M.M., Sultana M., Hossain M. and Islam R. (2007). An efficient method for in vitro clonal propagation of newly introduced plant (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.) in Bangladesh. AmericanEurasian Journal of Scientific Research, 2(2): 121-125. Ahmed V.U. and Sultana V. (1990). Spermine alkaloids from Schweinfurthia papilionacea. Journal of Nature Products, 53(5): 1162-1167. Ahmedullah M. and Nayar M.P. (1999). Red data book of Indian plants. (Peninsular, India). Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta, India Vol 4. Ajayi A.O. and Akintola T.A. (2010). Evaluation of antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants on common enteric food-borne pathogens. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 4(4): 314-316. Ajith K.D. and Seeni S. (1998). Rapid clonal multiplication through in vitro axillary shoots proliferation of Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr., a medicinal tree. Plant Cell Reports, 17: 422-426. Akeroyd J. (1995). How to reintroduce a plant successfully? Plant Talk, 2: 14-15. Akhtar F.M. and Ali M.R. (1984). Study of antidiabetic effect of a compound medicinal plant prescription in normal and diabetic rabbits. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association, 34: 239-244. Alam K. and Mahpara S. (2003). Role of diet, nutrients, spice and natural products in diabetes mellitus. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 2: 1-12. Al-Ansary A.E.R.M.F., Rizkalla A.A. and Badr-Elden A.M. (2007). Micropropagation and biochemical genetic markers detection for drought and salt tolerance of pear rootstock. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 1(4): 625-636. Alberti K.G.M.M., Zimmet P. and DeFronzo R.A. (1997). International textbook of diabetes mellitus, 2nd edition. John Wiley and sons, New York, USA, pp: 143170. Ali A., Gull I., Naz S. and Afghan S. (2010). Biochemical investigation during different stages of in vitro propagation of Stevia rebaudiana. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 42(4): 2827-2837. Al-Shamaony L., Al-Kharaji S.M. and Twaij H.A. (1994). Hypoglycemic effect of Artemisia herba alba. II. Effect of a valuable extract on some blood parameters in diabetic animals. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 43:167-171. Aly H.F., Ebrahim M.E., Metawaa H.M., Hosni E.A.A. and Ebrahim F.M. (2010). In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the antidiabetic effect of different extracts of Nepeta cataria in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Journal of American Science, 6(10): 364-386. Amani S., Isla M.I., Vattuone M., Poch M., Cudmani N. and Sampietro A. (1998). Antimicrobial activities in some Argentine medicinal plants. Acta Horticulture, 501: 115-122. Amoo S.O., Finnie J.F. and Staden J.V. (2009). In vitro propagation of Huernia hystrix: an endangered medicinal and ornamental succulent. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 96: 273-278. Anand Swarup K.R., Sattar M.A., Abdullah N.A., Abdulla M.H., Salman I.M., Rathore H.A. and Johns E.J. (2010). Effect of dragon fruit extract on oxidative stress and aortic stiffness in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Pharmacognosy Research, 2: 31-35. Andrew J.K. (2000). Diabetes. Churchill Living Stone, NewYork, pp: 1-9. Andrzejewska E.G. and Makowczynska J. (2008). Micropropagation of Plantago camtschatica Link. Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 77(4): 269-273. Angevine M.W. and Chabot B.F. (1979). Seed germination syndromes in higher plants. In : Solbrig O., Jain S., Johnson G. and Raven P. (editors), Topics in plant population biology, Columbia University Press, New York, USA., pp: 188-206. Anitha S. and Pullaiah T. (2002). In vitro propagation of Decalepis hamiltonii. Journal of Tropical Medicinal Plants, 3: 227-232. Annapurna A., Kanaka M.D. and Murali K.K. (2001). Antidiabetic activity of a polyherbal preparation (tincture of punchparna) in normal and diabetic rats. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 39: 500-502. Anonymous. (1972). The wealth of India. A dictionary of raw materials and industrial products. Publication and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi, 9: 255256. Anuradha B.B., Bhatt J.B. and Sabnis S.D. (1989). A contribution to the desert flora of Kachchh district. In: Proceedings of all India symposium on the biology and utility of wild plants, Department of Biosciences, South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India. Aqil F. and Ahmad I. (2003). Broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal properties of certain traditionally used Indian medicinal plants. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 19: 653-657. Arias M.E., Gomez J.D., Cudmani N., Vattuone M.A. and Isla M.I. (2004). Antibacterial activity of ethanolic and aqueous extract of Acacia aroma Gill ex Hook et. Life Science, 75: 191-202. Arockiasamy D., Muthukumar I.B., Natarajan E. and Britto S.J. (2002). Plant regeneration from nodal and internode explants of Solanum trilobatum L. Plant Tissue Culture, 12(2): 93-97. Arora R. and Bhojwani S.S. (1989). In vitro propagation and low temperature storage of Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke - an endangered medicinal plant. Plant Cell Reports, 8: 44-47. Arrebola M.L., Socorro O. and Verpoorte R. (1997). Micropropagation of Isoplexis canariensis (L.) G. Don. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 49: 117-119. Avesani C.M., Cuppari L., Silva A.C., Sigulem D.M., Cendoroglo M., Sesso R. and Draibe S.A. (2001). Resting energy expenditure in pre dialysis diabetic patients. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 16: 556-560. Ayisire B.E., Akinro L.A. and Amoo S.O. (2009). Seed germination and in vitro propagation of Piliostigma thonningii - an important medicinal plant. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(3): 401-404. Babu P.S., Prabuseenivasan S. and Ignacimuthu S. (2007). Cinnamaldehyde – A potential antidiabetic agent. Phytomedicine, 14: 15-22. Badoni A., Bisht C. and Chauhan J.S. (2010). Microproagation of Hedychium spicatum Smith in vitro shoot tip. Stem Cell, 1(1): 11-13. Bagnoli F., Capuana M. and Racchi M.L. (1998). Developmental changes of catalase and superoxide dismutase isoenzymes in zygotic and somatic embryos of horse chestnut. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 25: 909-913. Bailey C.J. and Day C. (1989). Traditional plant medicine as treatment for diabetes. Diabetes Care, 12: 553-564. Bais H.P., George J. and Ravishankar G.A. (2000). In vitro propagation of Decalepis hamiltonii Wight & Arn. an endangered shrub, through axillary bud cultures. Current Science, 79: 408-410. Balaraju K., Agastian P., Preetamraj J.P., Arokiyaraj S. and Ignacimuthu S. (2008). Micropropagation of Vitex agnus-castus, (Verbenaceae) – a valued medicinal plant. In Vitro Cell Developmental Biology of Plant, 44: 436-441. Balouchi R.H. and Sanavy S.A.M. (2006). Effect of gibberelic acid, prechilling, sulfuric acid and potassium nitrate on seed germination and dormancy of Annual Medics. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 9(15): 2875-2880. Banciu C., Mitoi M., Helepciuc F. and Aldea F. (2010). In vitro propagation of critically endangered species Scilla autumnalis L.- biochemical analyses of the regenerants. Analele Universitatii din Oradea - Fascicula Biologie, 17(2): 318-323. Bannerman R.H., Burton J. and Chen W. (1982). Traditional medicine and health care coverage: a reader for health administrators and practitioners. Geneva. Barber J.M. (1980). Catalase and peroxidase in primary bean leaves during developmental and senescence. Zeitschrift Fur Pflanzenphysiologie, 97: 135144. Barbour E.K., Al-Sharif M., Sagherian V.K., Habre A.N., Talhouk R.S. and Talhouk S.N. (2004). Screening of selected indigenous plants of Lebanon for antimicrobial activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 93: 1-7. Barik R.R., Jain S., Qwatra D., Joshi A., Tripathi G.S. and Goyal R. (2008). Antidiabetic activity of aqueous root extract of Ichnocarpus frutescens in streptozotocin nicotinamide induced type- II diabetes in rats. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 40(1): 19-22. Barneix A.J. and Causin H.F. (1996). The central role of amino acids on nitrogen utilization and plant growth. Journal of Plant Physiology, 149: 358-362. Barret-Lennard E.D., Robson A.D. and Greenway H. (1982). Effect of phosphorus deficiency and water deficit phosphatase activity from wheat leaves. Journal of Experimental Botany, 33: 682-693. Baskaran P. and Jayabalan N. (2005). An efficient micropropagation system for Eclipta alba – a valuable medicinal herb. In vitro Cellular and Development Biology of Plant, 41: 532-539. Basu N. and Rastogi R.P. (1967). Triterpenoid, saponins and sapogenins. Photochemistry, 6: 1249-1270. Bavarva J.H. and Narasimhacharya A.V.R.L. (2007). Comparative antidiabetic, hypolipidaemic and antioxidant properties of Phyllanthus niruri L. in normal, IDDM and NIDDM rats. Pharmaceutical Biology, 45(7): 569-574. Bavarva J.H. and Narasimhacharya A.V.R.L. (2008). Preliminary study on antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidaemic effects of Butea monosperma in NIDDM rats. Fitoterapia, 79(5): 328-331. Bavarva J.H. and Narasimhacharya A.V.R.L. (2010). Leucas cephalotes regulates carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and improves antioxidant status in IDDM and NIDDM rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 127: 98-102. Baynes J.W. and Thrope S.R. (1996). The role of oxidative stress in diabetic complications. Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity, 3: 277-284. Begum F., Amin M.N. and Azad A.K. (2002). In vitro rapid clonal propagation of Ocimum basilicum L. Plant Tissue Culture, 12(1): 27-35. Benech R.L., Giallorenzi M., Frank J. and Rodrigvez V. (1998). Termination of hull– imposed dormancy in developing barley grains is correlated with changes in embryonic ABA levels and sensitivity. Seed Science Research, 9: 39-47. Betoni J.E.C., Mantovani R.P., Barbosa L.N., Di-Stasi L.C. and Fernandes A. (2006). Synergism between plant extract and antimicrobial drugs used on Staphylococcus aureus diseases. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 101104. Bewely J.D. and Black M. (1994). Seeds: Physiology of development and germination. Plenum Press, New York, USA. Bhadra S.K. and Hossain M.M. (2003). In vitro germination and micropropagation of Geodorum densiflorum (Lam.) Schltr., an endangered orchid species. Plant Tissue Culture, 13(2): 165-171. Bhandari M.M. (1967). Flora of the Indian desert. MPS Reports, Jodhpur, pp: 254. Bhargav B. Vasant R.A., Reddy A.S., Narsimhacharya A.V.R.L. (2009). Antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Adansonia digitata on alloxan induced diabetic rats. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research, 9(2): 18791882. Bharvad P.B., Mohan J.S.S., Vasant R.A. and Narasimhacharya A.V.R.L. (2011). Antihyperlipaemic and antioxidant effects of aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of Schweinfurthia papilionacea A. Br. in streptozotocin induced diabetes. Pharmacologyonline, 2: 312-321. Bhat S.R. Chandel K.P.S. and Malik S.R. (1995). Plant regeneration from various explants of cultivated Piper species. Plant Cell Reports, 14: 395-402. Bhattacharya S.K., Satyan K.S. and Chakrabarti A. (1997). Effect of Trasina, an ayurvedic herbal formulation, on pancreatic islet superoxide dismutase activity in hyperglycaemic rats. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 35: 297-299. Bisbis B., Kevers C., Crevecoeur M., Dommes J. and Gaspar T. (2003). Restart of lignifications in micropropagated walnut shoots coincides with rooting induction. Biologia Plantarum, 47(1): 1-5. Blake J. (1988). Mites and thrips as bacterial and fungal vectors between plant tissue cultures. Acta Horticulturae, 225: 163-166. Boham B.A. and Kocipai A.C. (1974). Flavonoids and condensed tannins from leaves of Hawaiian Vaccinium reticulatum and V. calycinium. Pacific Science, 48: 458-463. Bonjar G.H.S., Nik A.K. and Aghighi S. (2004). Antibacterial and antifungal survey in plants used in indigenous herbal-medicine of south east regions of Iran. Journal of Biological Sciences, 4: 405-412. Bopana N. and Saxena S. (2008). In vitro propagation of a high value medicinal plant: Asparagus racemosus Willd. In Vitro Cellular Developmental Biology of Plant, 44(6): 525-532. Boxus P.H. and Terzi J.M. (1987). Big losses due to bacterial contamination can be avoided in mass propagation scheme. Acta Horticulture, 212: 91-93. Bradbuoy P. and Gordon K. (1977). Tissue Processing, Microtomy and Parafin sections. (editors: Bancroft J.D. and Stevens A.), I.M.P. Dawson, Churchill Living Stone, Edinburgh, London, New York. pp: 29-64. Britto J.S. (2001). Comparative antibacterial activity study of Solanum incanum L. Journal of Swamy Botanical Club, 18: 81-82. Bulduk E., Gonuul B. and Ozer C. (2006). Effects of vitamin c on muscle glycogen and oxidative events in experimental diabetes. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 292: 131-137. Calixto J.B. (2000). Efficacy, safety quality control, marketing and regulatory guidelines for herbal medicines (phytotherapeutic agents). Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 33: 179-189. Calixto J.B. (2005). Twenty-five years of research on medicinal plants in Latin America- A personal view. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 100: 131-134. Cassells A.C. (1991). Problems in tissue culture: Culture contamination. In: Micropropagation Technology and Application. (editors - Debergh P.C. and Zimmerman R.H.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands. pp: 31-44. Cassells A.C. (1997). Pathogen and microbial contamination management in micropropagation. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands. pp. 34-39. Chahal J.K., Sarin R. and Malwal M. (2010). Efficacy of Clerodendrum inerme L. (Garden quinine) against some human pathogenic strains. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 1(3): 1-10. Chahila N. (2009). Effect of Capparis decidua on hypolipidemic activity in rats. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, 3(6): 481-484. Chait A. and Brunzell J.D. (1996). Diabetes, lipids and atherosclerosis, In: (editors: LeRohit, D., Taylor S.I. and Olefsky J.M.), Diabetes mellitus. LippincottRaven Publishers, Philadelphia, pp: 467-469. Chakroborty S. (2004). Biodiversity. Vardhaman e books (P) Ltd, New Delhi ,India. pp. 20. Chaplot B.B., Dave A.M. and Jasrai Y.T. (2006). A valued medicinal plant - Chitrak (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.): successful plant regeneration through various explants and field performance. Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology, 16(2): 77-84. Chaplot B.B., Dave A.M. and Jasrai Y.T. (2005). Bacopa monneri (L.) Pennell: A rapid, efficient and cost effective micropropagation. Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology, 15(2): 167-175. Chattopadhyay D., Mukherjee T., Pal P., Shah B. and Bhadra R. (1998). Altered membrane permeability as the basis of bactericidal action of methdilazine. The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 42: 49-55. Chauhan R.S. and Nautiyal M.C. (2007). Seed germination and seed storage behaviour of Nardostachys jatamansi D.C. an endangered medicinal herb of high-altitude Himalaya. Current Science, 92(11): 1620-1624. Chawala H.S. (1989). Regeneration responses of callus from different explants and changes in isozymes during morphogenesis in wheat. Biologia Plantarum, 31: 121-125. Chen B.H. (2009). In vitro propagation of a medicinal plant: Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f. Forestry Study in China, 11(3): 174-178. Chen L.J. and Luthe D.S. (1987). Analysis of proteins from embryogenic and nonembryogenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) calli. Plant Sciences, 48: 181-188. Cheniany M., Ebrahimzadeh H., Masoudi-nejad A., Vahdati K. and Leslie C. (2010). Effect of endogenous phenols and some antioxidant enzyme activities on rooting of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.). African Journal of Plant Science, 4(12): 479-487. Chenielle D., Rainford L., Nicholson A., Mitchell S., John L. and Ahmed M. (2009). Antibacterial and antifungal analysis of crude extracts from the leaves of Callistemon viminalis. Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences, 3(1): 1-7. Choi J.H. and Sung Z.R. (1984). Two dimensional gel analysis of carrot somatic embryogenesis proteins. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, 2: 19-25. Chucla M.T., Lamela M., Gato A. and Cadvid I. (1988). Centaurae corcubionesis: A study of its hypoglycaemic activity in rats. Planta Medica, 54: 107-109. Cirak C., Ayan A.K. and Kevseroglu K. (2004). The effect of light and some presoaking treatment on germination rate of St. John’s worth seeds. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 7: 182-186. Clemente M. and Hernandez E. (1995). A conservation plan for the Andalucian flora. Plant Talk, 2: 16-18. Clung C.R. (1997). Regulation of catalases in Arabidopsis. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 23: 489-496. Cooke T. (1967). Flora of the Presidency of Bombay (reprinted edition). Botanical Survey of India, Howrah. Cooper E.L. (2004). Complementary and alternative medicine, when rigorous, can be science. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 1: 1-4. Coruzzi G. and Last R. (2000). Amino acids. In: Biochemistry & Biology of plants. (editors: Buchanan B., Groissem W. and Jones R.), American society of plant physiologists, USA. pp. 358-410. Costa B.M., Nogueira J.M.F., Miguel M.G. and Romano A. (2003). In vitro mass clonal propagation of Dittrichia viscosa subsp. revoluta and analysis of its secondary metabolites. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 78: 310-314. Dalal N.V. and Rai R.V. (2001). In vitro propagation of Ochreinauclea missionis (Wall. EX G. Don), an ethnomedicinal, endemic and threatened tree. In Vitro Cellular and Development Biology of Plant, 37(6): 820-823. Dat J., Vandenabeele S., Vranova M., Inze D. and Van B.F. (2000). Dual action of the active oxygen species during plant stress responses. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 57: 779-795. Davis S.N. and Granner D.K. (2001). Insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents and the pharmacology of the endocrine pancreas. In Goodman and Gilman's The pharmacological basis of therapeutics 10th edition. (editor: Hardman J.G. and Limbird L.E.) New York, McMillan- Hill company Ltd, USA. pp: 1679-1714. De Boer H.J., Kool A., Broberg A., Mziray W.R., Hedberg I. and Levenfors J.J. (2005). Antifungal and antibacterial activity of some herbal remedies from Tanzania. Journal of Ethnopharmacol, 96: 461-469. De Klerk G.J. (1996). Markers of adventitious root formation. Agronomie, 16: 609616. Debergh P.C. and Maene L. (1981). A scheme for commercial propagation of ornamental plants by tissue culture. Scientia Horticulturae, 14: 335-345. Debergh P.C. and Vanderschaeghe A.M. (1988). Some symptoms indicating the presence of bacterial contaminants in plant tissue culture. Acta Horticulturae, 255: 77-81. Debnath M. (2008). Clonal propagation and antimicrobial activity of an endemic medicinal plant Stevia rebaudiana. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2(2): 45-51. Debnath M., Pandey M. and Chikara S.K. (2011). Physiological and molecular characterization of in vitro cultures of an endemic medicinal herb, Chlorophytum borivilianum, under abiotic stress. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(38): 7356-7366. DeFossard R.A. and DeFossard H. (1988). Coping with microbial contaminants and other matters in a small commercial micropropagation laboratory. Acta Horticulturae, 225: 167-176. Defronzo RA., Bondonna R.C. and Ferranini E. (1992). Pathogenesis of NIDDM: a balanced overview. Diabetes Care, 15: 318-368. Deumling B. and Clermont L. (1989). Changes in DNA content and chromosomal size during culture and plant regeneration of Scilla siberica: selective chromatin diminution in response to environmental conditions. Chromosoma, 97: 439-448. Dey A.K., Banerjee D., Chattapadhyay S. and Karmakar K.B. (2010). Antimicrobial activities of some medicinal plants of West Bengal. International Journal of Pharma and Biosciences, 1(3): 1-10. Dhandapani S., Subramanian R., Rajgopal S. and Namasivayam N. (2002). Hypolipidemic effect of Cuminum cyminum L. on alloxan –induced diabetic rats. Pharmacological Research, 46: 251-255. Doughari J.H. and Okafor N.B. (2008). Antibacterial activity of Senna siamae leaf extracts on Salmonella typhi. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2: 42-46. Doughari J.H., Pukuma M.S. and De N. (2007). Antibacterial effects of Balanites aegyptiaca L. Drel. and Moringa oleifera Lam. on Salmonella typhi. African Journal of Biotechnology, 6 (19): 2212-2215. Du Z. and Bramlage W.J. (1995). Peroxidase activity of apple peel in relation to development of poststorage disorders. Horticulture Sciences, 30(2): 205-209. Durmaz H., Sagun E., Tarakci Z. and Ozgokce F. (2006). Antibacterial activities of Allium vineale, Chaerophyllum macropodum and Prangos ferulacea. African Journal of Biotechnology, 5(19): 1795-1798. Durst F. (1976). The correlation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and cinnamic acidhydroxylase activity changes in Jerusalem artichoke tuber tissue. Planta, 132: 221-227. Ebong P.E., Atangwho I.J., Eyong E.U. and Egbung G.E. (2008). The antidiabetic efficacy of combined extracts from two continental plants, Azadirachta indica and Vernonia amygdalina (Del). American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 4(3): 239-244. Edem D.O. (2009). Hypoglycemic effects of ethanolic extracts of Alligator pear seed (Persea Americana Mill) in rats. European Journal of Scientific Research, 33(4): 669-678. Edeoga H.O., Okwu D.E. and Mbaebie B.O. (2003). Minerals and nutritive values of some Nigerian medicinal plants. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences, 25: 1010-1015. Edeoga H.O. and Eriata D.O. (2001). Alkaloid, tannin and saponin contents of some Nigeria medicinal plants. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences, 23: 344-349. Edeoga H.O., Okwu D.E. and Mbaebie B.O. (2005). Phytochemical constituents of some Nigerian medicinal plants. African Journal of Biotechnology, 4(7): 685688. Edwin E., Sheeja E., Chaturvedi M., Sharma S. and Gupta V.B. (2006 a). A comparative study on antihyperglycemic activity of fruits and barks of Ficus bengalensis (L.). Advance in Pharmacology and Toxicology, 7: 69-71. Edwin E., Sheeja E., Gupta V.B. and Jain D.C. (2006 b). Fight diabetes the herbal way. Express Pharma Review, 1: 41-42. Ehrlich. (1886). Theory and practices of histological techniques. (editors: Baancroft J.D. and Stevens A.) second edition, Churchill Livingstone. Edinburgh London- Melbourne and New-York, pp: 110. Eira M.T.S. and Caldas L.S. (2000). Seed dormancy and germination as concurrent processes. Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia Vegetal, Edicao Especial, 12: 85104. El-Hilaly J., Tahraoui A., Israili Z.H. and Lyoussi B. (2007). Acute hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic effects of continuous intravenous infusion of a lyophilised aqueous extract of Ajuga iva l. Schreber whole plant in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 20(4): 261-268. Elizabeth K.M. (2005). Antimicrobial activity of Terminalia bellerica. Indian Journal of Clinical Chemistry, 20(2): 150-153. El-Refaey F. and EI-Dengawy A. (2005). Promotion of seed germination and subsequent seedlings growth of loquat by moist-chilling and GA3 applications. Scientia Horticulturae, 105: 331-342. Ewadh M.J., Jasim A.M.A. and Zamaly O.M.Y.A. (2011). Effect of treatments with green tea on the levels of serum iron, total iron binding capacity and transferring saturation percentage in sera of rabbits with hyperprotenemia with induced diabetes mellitus. Research in Biotechnology, 2(3): 42-49. Ferrer M.A., Pedreno M.A., Barcelo R.A. and Munoz R. (1992). The cell wall localization of two strongly basic isoperoxidases in etiolated Lupinus albus hypocotyls and its significance in coniferyl alcohol oxidation and indole-3acetic acid catabolism. Journal of Plant Physiology, 139: 611-616. Firdous S.M., Banerjee S. and Koneri R. (2011). Antihyperlipidemic activity of Momordica dioica Roxb. International Journal of Drug Development & Research, 2(1): 108-112. Folch J., Less M. and Sloane-Stanely G. H. (1957). A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 226: 497-509. Frati-Munari A.C., Gardillo B.E., Altamirano P. and Ariza C.R. (1988). Hypoglycemic effect of Opuntia streptacantha Lemaire in NIDDM. Diabetes Care, 11: 63-66. Friedewald W.T., Levy R.I. and Fredrickson D.S. (1972). Estimation of the concentration of low–density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clinical Chemistry, 18: 499-502. Frings C.S., Fendley T.W., Dunn R.T. and Queen C.A. (1972). Improved determination of total serum lipids by the sulfo-phospho-vanillin reaction. Clinical Chemistry, 18: 673-674. Fukuda H. and Komamine A. (1982). Lignin synthesis and its related enzymes as a marker of tracheary element differentiation in single cells isolated from mesophyll of Zinnia elegans. Planta, 155: 423-430. Garcia-Granados A., Martinez A., Onorato M.E., Parra A., Recondo M.B., Rivas T., Arrebola M.L. and Socorro O. (1994). Products with biological activity obtained from in vitro micropropagated Sideritis foetens. Phytochemistry, 35: 645-650. Garg S. and Rangaswamy N.S. (1984). Organ regeneration in cultures of vegetative explant of an antidiabetic species Scoparia dulcis (Scrophulariaceae). Proceedings Indian National Science Academy, 50(1): 81-91. Gaspar, T. (1995). The concept of cancer in in vitro plant cultures and the implication of habituation to hormones and hyperhydricity. Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology, 1: 126-136. George E.F. and Sherrington P.D. (1984). Plant propagation by tissue culture. Exegetics Ltd., Eversley, Basingstoke, Hants, England. pp: 709. George E.F., Hall M.A. and Klerk G.J.D. (2008 a). Plant propagation by tissue culture. 3rd edition vol. 1 The background, Springer. Dordrecht, The Netherlands. pp. 56-59. George S., Geetha S.P. and Balachandran I. (2008 b). Micropropagation of Baliospermum montanum (Willd.) Muell. Arg.-a red listed medicinal plant. Journal of Plant Sciences, 3(1): 111-115. Gilman A.G., Rall T.W., Nies A.S. and Tayer P. (1990). Goodman and Gilman’s the pharmacological basis of therapeutics (8th edition), Pergamon press, New York. pp: 1317-1322. Gnanaraj W.E., Antonisamy J.M., Mohanamathi R.B. and Subramanian K.M. (2012). In vitro clonal propagation of Achyranthes aspera L. and Achyranthes bidentata Blume using nodal explants. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2(1): 1-5. Gnanaraj W.E., Antonisamy J.M., Subramanian K.M. and Nallyan S. (2011). Micropropagation of Alternanthera sessilis (L.) using shoot tip and nodal segments. Iranian Journal of Biotechnology, 9(3): 206-212. Godkar P. B. (1994). Kidney function tests. In: Text book of medical laboratory technology, Bhalani Publishing House, Bombay, pp: 233-249. Gohar A., Gedara S.R. and Baraka H.N. (2009). New acylated flavonol glycoside from Ceratonia siliqua L. seeds. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 3: 424-428. Gokce G. and Haznedaroglu M.Z. (2008). Evaluation of antidiabetic, antioxidant and vasoprotective effects of Posidonia oceanic extract. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 115: 122-130. Goldstein A.H., Baertlein D.A. and Danon A. (1989). Phosphate starvation stress as an experimental system for molecular analysis. Plant Molecular Biology Reports, 7: 7-16. Grover J.K., Yadav S. and Vats V. (2002). Medicinal plants of India with antidiabetic potential. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 81: 81-100. Guo B., Gao M. and Liu C.Z. (2007). In vitro propagation of an endangered medicinal plant Saussurea involucrata Kar. Et Kir. Plant Cell Reports, 26: 261-265. Gupta R.K., Kesari A.N., Murthy P.S., Chandra R., Tandon V. and Watal G. (2005). Hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effect of ethanolic extracts of leaves of Annona squamosa L. in experimental animals. Journal of Ethnophamacology, 99(1): 75-81. Gupta S.D. and Datta S. (2003). Antioxidant enzyme activities during in vitro morphogenesis of Gladiolus and the effect of application of antioxidants on plant regeneration. Biology of Plants, 47: 179-183. Gupta V., Dhakad U., Rathore D.S. and Choudhary A. (2010). Pharmacognostical, phytochemical and pharmacological investigation on Tecoma stans (L.): A review. Journal of Natura Conscientia, 1(1): 112-116. Guri A.Z. and Patel K.N. (1998). Compositions and methods to prevent microbial contamination of plant tissue culture media. US patent no. 5,750,402. Gutterman Y. (1992). Survival strategies of annual desert plants. Springer-Verlag, Amsterdam. Haddon L.E. and Northcote D.H. (1975). Correlation of the induction of various enzymes concerned with phenylpropanoid and lignin synthesis during differentiation of bean callus (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Planta, 128: 255-262. Hamasaki R.M., Purgatto E. and Mercier H. (2005). Glutamine enhances competence for organogenesis in pineapple leaves cultivated in vitro. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 17(4): 383-389. Hamil F.A., Apio S., Mubiru N.K., Bukenya-Ziraba R., Mosango M., Maganyi O.W. and Soejarto D.D. (2003). Traditional herbal drugs of Southern Uganda, II: Literature analysis and antimicrobial assays. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 84: 57-78. Harborne J.B. (1984). Phytochemical Methods- A guide to modern techniques of plant analysis- 2nd edition, Chapman and Hall Ltd. London. pp. 47-53. Harborne J.B. (1988). Introduction to Ecological Biochemistry 3rd edition Academic Press London. pp. 10-15. Harnack L.J., Rydell S.A. and Stang J. (2001). Prevalence of use of herbal pro-ducts by adults in the Minneapolis/St paul, Minn, metropolitan area. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 76(7): 688-694. Hassan A.K.M.S. and Roy S.K. (2005). Micropropagation of Gloriosa superba L. through high frequency shoot proliferation. Plant Tissue Culture, 15(1): 67-74. Hassanpouraghdam M.B. (2009). Flowerhead volatile oil composition of soilless culture-grown Chrysanthemum balsamita L. National Product Research 23: 672-677. Hausman J.F. (1993). Changes in peroxidase activity, auxin level and ethylene production during root formation by poplar shoots raised in vitro. Plant Growth Regulation, 13: 263 -268. Hayashi T. , Kawasaki M., Miwa Y., TagaT. and Morita N. (1990). Antiviral agents of plant origin. Scopadulin, a novel tetracyclic diterpene from Scoparia dulcis L. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 38: 945-947. Hayashi T., Asano S., Mizutani M., Takeguchi N., Okamura K. and Morita N. (1991). Scopadulciol, an inhibitor of gastric H+, K+ -ATPase from Scoparia dulcis and its structure activity relationships. Journal of Natural Product. 54: 802809. Hayashi T., Okamura K., Tamada Y., Iida A., Fujita T. and Morita N. (1993). A new chemotype of Scoparia dulcis. Phytochemical Analysis, 33: 349-352. Hideaki K., Taka-aki M., Yoshihisa N., Dan K., Munehide M. and Yoshimitsu Y. (2005). Oxidative stress and the JNK pathway in diabetes. Current Database and Review, 1: 65-72. Hilhorst H.W.M. (1993). New aspects of seed dormancy. In fourth international workshop on seeds, basic and applied aspects of seed biology. (editors: Come D. and Corbineau F.), ASFIS (Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System), Paris. pp: 571-579. Hilhorst H.W.M., Smith I. and Karssen C.M. (1986). Gibberellin biosynthesis and sensitivity mediated stimulation of seed germination of Sysimbrium officinale by red light and nitrate. Plant Physiology, 67: 285-290. Hooker J.D. (1883). The flora of British India, London, 4: 713-780. Hoque M.I., Patemn M., Hasham R. and Sarker R.H. (1995). In vitro plant regeneration in Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. Annual Tissue Culture Conference on March 19 at Dhaka. Plant Tissue Culture, 92. Houghton P.J. and Raman A. (1998). Laboratory handbook for the fractionation of natural extracts. Chapman and Hall. London, pp: 1-28. Huang C.L., Hsieh M.T., Hsieh W.C. Sagare A.P. Tsay H.S. (2000). In vitro propagation of Limonium wrightii (Hance) Ktze. (Plumbaginaceae), an ethnomedicinal plant, from shoot-tip, leaf and inflorescence node explants. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology of Plant, 36: 220-224. Huang W.L. and Liu L.F. (2002). Carbohydrate metabolism in rice during callus induction and shoot regeneration induced by osmotic stress. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica, 43: 107-113. Hussey G. (1986 a). Problems and prospects in in vitro propagation of herbaceous plants, In: Plant tissue culture and its agricultural applications. (editors: Withers L. A., Alderson P. G.) London: Butterworths. pp: 113-122. Hussey G. (1986 b). Vegetative propagation of plants by tissue culture. In: (editor: Yeoman M.M.), Plant cell culture technology, Blackwell, Scientific Publications, Oxford. pp: 127-135. Ihara Y., Toyokuni S., Uchida K., Odaka H., Tanaka T. Ikeda H., Hiai H., Seino Y. and Yamada Y. (1999). Hyperglycemia causes oxidative stress in pancreatic beta cells of GK rats-a model of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, 48: 927-932. Ijeh I.I., Njoku O.U. and Ekenze E.C. (2004). Medicinal evaluation of extracts of Xylopia aethiopica and Ocimum gratissimum. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences, 26: 44-47. Ishnava K.B., Mahida Y.N. and Mohan J.S.S. (2010). In vitro assessments of antibacterial potential of Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari. gum extract. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, 2(7): 91-96. Ishnava K.B., Rao R.V., Mohan J.S.S., Kothari I.L. and Parabia F.M. (2005). Occurrence of a rare medicinal plant – Schweinfurthia papilionacea A. Br. (Scrophulariaceae) in Gujarat. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 29: 192-197. Ivorra M.D., Paya M. and Villar A. (1989). A review of natural products and plants as potential antidiabetic drugs. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 27(3): 243-275. Iwu M.M. (1993). Handbook of African medicinal plants. Chemical Rubber Company press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA. pp: 214-215. Iwu M.W., Duncan A.R. and Okunji C.O. (1999). New antimicrobials of plant origin. (editor: Janick J.) Perspectives on new crops and new uses. pp: 457-462. Jager A.K. and Van S.J. (2000). The need for cultivation of medicinal plants in Southern Africa. Outlook on Agriculture, 29: 283-284. Jagtap N.S., Khadabadi S.S., Ghorpade D.S., Banarase N.B. and Naphade S.S. (2009). Antimicrobial and antifungal activity of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, Umbelliferae. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2(2): 328-330. Jain S.K. and Rao R.R. (1983). An assessment of threatened plants of India. Botanical Survey of India. Howrah. Jain V.C., Patel N.M., Shah D.P., Patel P.K. and Joshi B.H. (2010). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activites of Alangium salvifolium (L.F.) Wang root. Global Journal of Pharmacology, 4(1): 13-18. James O. and Friday E.T. (2010). Phytochemical composition, bioactivity and wound healing potential of Euphorbia heterophylla (euphorbiaceae) leaf extract. International Journal on Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research, 1(1): 5463. Jarald E., Joshi S.B. and Jain D.C. (2008). Diabetes and herbal medicines. Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 7(1): 97-106. Jawla S., Kumar Y. and Khan M.S.Y. (2011). Antimicrobial and antihyperglycemic activities of Acacia modesta leaves. Pharmacologyonline, 2: 331-347. Jayalakshmi B., Raveesha K.A. and Amruthesh K.N. (2011). Phytochemical investigations and antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants against pathogenic bacteria. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 1(5): 124128. Jayaprakasam B., Vareed S.K., Olson L.K. and Nair M.G. (2005). Insulin secretion by bioactive anthocyanins and anthocyanidins present in fruits. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53: 28-31. Jayaraman J. (1981). In: Laboratory Manual in Biochemistry, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi, India. pp: 89-90. Jensen W.A. (1963). Cell development during plant embryogenesis, Brookhaven Symposia in Biology, 16: 179-202. Jeyachandran R., Baskaran X. and Cindrella L. (2010). Screening of phytochemical and antibacterial potential of four Indian medicinal plants. Libyan Agriculture Research Center Journal International, 1(5): 301-306. Jeyakumar M. and Jayabalan N. (2002). In vitro plant regeneration from cotylendonary node of Psoralea corylifolia L. Plant Tissue Culture, 12(2): 125-129. Joersbo M., Anderson J.M. and Rajagopal R. (1989). Isoperoxidases as markers of embryogenesis in carrot cell suspension cultures. Physiologia Plantarum, 76: 10-16. Joshi B., Lekhak S. and Sharma A. (2009). Antibacterial property of different medicinal plants: Ocimum sanctum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Xanthoxylum armatum and Origanum majorana. Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 5(1): 143-150. Joshi K., Chavan P., Dnyaneshwar W. and Bhushan P. (2004). Molecular markers in herbal drug technology. Current Science, 87: 159-164. Joshi P. and Dhawan V. (2007). Axillary multiplication of Swertia chirayita (Roxb. Ex Fleming) H. Karst., a critically endangered medicinal herb of temperate Himalayas. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology of Plant, 43: 631638. Julie E.H., Simpson R.J. and Richardson A.E. (2000). The growth and phosphorus utilization of plants in sterile media when supplied with inositol hexaphosphate glucose-1-phosphate or inorganic phosphate. Plant Soil, 220: 165-174. Junod A., Lambert A.E., Staufacher W. and Renold A.E. (1969). Diabetogenic action of streptozotocin: relationship of dose of metabolic response. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 48: 2129-2139. Kakkar P., Das B. and Vishwanath P. N. (1984). A modified spectrophotometric assay of superoxide dismutase. Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 21: 130-132. Kamada H. and Harada H. (1984). Changes in endogenous amino acid composition during somatic embryogenesis in Daucus carota. Plant Cell Physiology, 25(1): 27-38. Kanmegne G. and Omokolo N.D. (2003). Changes in phenol content and peroxidase activity during in vitro organogenesis in Xanthosoma sagittifolium L. Plant Growth Regulation, 40: 53-57. Kannan N. (2009). An in vitro study on micropropagation of Cymbidium orchids. Current Biotica, 3: 244-250. Kapai V.Y., Kapoor P. and Rao I.U. (2010). In vitro propagation for conservation of rare and threatened plants of India - a review. International Journal of Biological Technology, 1(2): 1-14. Kaplan N.M. (1989). The deadly quartet. Upper body obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension. Archieves of International Medicine, 149: 1514:1520. Karssen C.M., Zagorski S. Kepczynski J. and Groot S.P.C. (1989). Key role for endogenous gibbrellins in the control of seed germination. Annals of Botany, 63: 71-80. Kashiba M., Oka J., Ichikawa R., Kageyama A., Inayama T., Kageyama H., Ishikawa T., Nishikimi M., Inoue M. and Inoue S. (2000). Impaired reductive regeneration of ascorbic acid in the Goto-Kakizaki diabetic rats. Biochemical Journal, 351: 313-318. Kavi Kishore Ρ.Β. and Mehta A.R. (1988). Changes in some enzyme activities during growth and organogenesis in dark-grown tobacco callus cultures. Plant Cell Physiology, 29: 255-259. Kavi Kishore Ρ.Β. and Mehta A.R. (1989). Carbohydrate oxidation during organogenesis in callus cultures of tobacco. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 27: 124-127. Kawale M.V. and Choudhary A.D. (2009). Phytochemistry of Phylanthus niruri. Bioinfolet, 5(2): 8-9. Kesari A.N., Gupta R.K. and Watal G. (2005). Hypoglycemic effects of Murraya koengii on normal and alloxan diabetic rabbits. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 97(2): 247-251. Kesavulu M.M., Giri R., Kameswara R.B. and Apparao C. (2000). Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme levels in type 2 diabetic with microvascular complications. Diabetic Metabolism, 26: 387-392. Khan M.A., Khanam D., Ara K.A. and Hossain A.K.M.A. (1994). In vitro plant regeneration in Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. Plant Tissue Culture, 4: 53-57. Khan M.M. and Ungar I.A. (1997). Alleviation of seed dormancy in the desert forb Zugophyllum simplex L. from Pakistan. Annals of Botany, 80: 395-400. Khan S.V.P.S., Prakash E. and Rao K.R. (2002). Callus induction and plantlet regeneration in Bixa orellana L., an annatto- yielding tree. In vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology of Plant, 38: 186-190. Khattab S. and Sherif F.E. (2011). Effect of growth regulators on Carpobrotus edulis rapid micropropagation and molecular analysis. Journal of American Science, 7(9): 511-520. Khond M., Bhosale J.D., Arif T., Mandal T.K., Padhi M.M. and Dabur R. (2009). Screening of some selected medicinal plants extracts for in vitro antimicrobial activity. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, 4(4): 271-278. Kimura M., Waki I., Chujo T., Kikuchi T., Hiyama C., Yamazaki K. and Tanaka O. (1981). Effects of the hypoglycaemic components in ginseng radix on blood insulin release from rat pancreas. Journal of Pharmacobio Dynamics, 4: 410417. King J. (1959). Determination of serum alkaline and acid phosphatase. In Practical Clinical Enzymology; Van nostrand: London, UK. pp: 85-89. Kirtikar K.R. and Basu B.D. (2001). Indian medicinal plants (revised edition). Oriental Enterprises, Dehradun, India, 8: 2492. Koche D., Shirsat R., Imran S. and Bhadange D.G. (2010). Phytochemical screening of eight traditionally used ethnomedicinal plants from Akola district, Maharastra India. International Journal of Pharma and Biosciences, 1(4): 253256. Kolapo A.L., Okunade M.B., Adejumobi J.A. and Ogundiya M.O. (2009). Phytochemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Prosopis africana against some selected oral pathogens. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 5(1): 90-93 Koorneef M., Betesink L. and Hilhorst H. (2002). Seed dormancy and germination. Plant Biology, 5: 33-36. Kormutak A. and Vookova B. (2001). Peroxidase activity in non-embryogenic and embryogenic calli and in developing somatic embryos of white fir (Abies concolor Gord. et Glend). Plant Biosystems, 135(1): 101-105. Kukreja A.K., Mathur A.K. and Zaim M. (1990). Mass production of virus free patchouli plants [Pogostemon cablin (Blanco)] by in vitro culture. Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 67: 101-104. Kumar P.M., Salmal D. and Mazumder P.M. (2010). The antihyperglycemic effect of aerial parts of Salvia splendens (scarlet sage) in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Pharmacognosy Research, 2(3): 190-194. Kunneman B.P.A.M. and Faaij-Groenen G.P.M. (1988). Elimination of bacterial contaminants: a matter of detection and transplanting procedures. Acta Horticulture, 225: 183-188. Laemmli U.K. (1970). Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophase T4. Nature, 227: 680-685. Lalhlenmawia H., Kumarappan C.T., Bhattacharjee B. B. and Madal S.C. (2007). Antidiabetic activity of Mallotus roxburghianus leaves in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin. Pharmacologyonline, 3: 244-254. Lanjhiyana S., Garabadu D., Ahirwar D., Bigoniya P., Rana A.C, Patra K.C, Lanjhiyana S.K. and Karuppaih M. (2011). Antidiabetic activity of methanolic extract of stem bark of Elaeodendron glaucum Pers. in alloxanized rat model. Advance in Applied Science Research, 2(1): 47-62. Lee R.B. (1988). Phosphate influx and extracellular phosphatase activity in barley roots and rose cells. New Physiologist, 109: 141-148. Lee S.E., Ju E.M. and Kim J.H. (2001). Free radical scavenging and antioxidant enzyme fortifying activities of extracts from Smilax china root. Experimental and Molecular Medicine, 33:263-268. Lei Q., Xianming J., Aicun L., Zhuofen L., Xinagchun H., Xiadong W., Fengying C. and Peixiang C. (1985). Influence of balsam pear (the fruit of Momordica charantia) on blood sugar level. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 5: 99-109. Leifert C. (1990). Contaminants of plant tissue cultures. Ph.D thesis, Nottingham University, School of Agriculture, Nottingham. Leifert C. and Woodward S. (1997). Contamination management; the requirement for microbiological quality assurance. In: Pathogen and microbial contamination management in micropropagation (editor: Cassells A.C.), Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 237-244. Leifert C., Camota H., Wright S.M., Waites B., Cheyne V.A. and Waites W.M. (1991). Elimination of Lactobacillus plantarum, Corynebacterium spp., Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Pseudomonas paucimobilis from micropropagated Hemerocallis, Choisya and Delphinium cultures using antibiotics. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 71: 307-330. Leifert C., Morris C.E. and Waites W.M. (1994). Ecology of microbial saprophytes and pathogens in tissue culture and field-grown plants: reasons for contamination problems in vitro. Critical Reviews in Plant Science, 13:139183. Leifert C., Waites W.M. and Nicholas I.R. (1989). Bacterial contamination of micropropagated plant tissue cultures. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 67: 353-361. Lewis K. and Ausubel F.M. (2006). Prospects of plant derived antibacterials. Nature Biotechnology, 24(12): 1504-1507. Liasu M.O. and Ayandele A.A. (2008). Antimicrobial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts from Tithonia diversifolia and Bryum coronatum collected from Ogbomoso, Oye state, Nigeria. Advance in Natural and Applied Sciences, 2(1): 31-34. Liu B., Asare-Anane H., Al-Romaiyan A., Huang G., Amiel S.A., Jones P.M. and Persaud S.J. (2009). Characterisation of the insulin tropic activity of an aqueous extract of Gymnema sylvestre in mouse cells and human islets of langerhans. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry, 23: 125-132. Liu W., Chilcott C., Reich R. and Hellmann G.M. (2000). Regeneration of Salvia sclarea via organogenesis. In vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology of Plant, 36: 201-206. Lopes-Virella M.F., Wohltmann H.J., Mayfield R.K., Loadholt C.B. and Colwell J.A. (1983). Effect of metabolic control on lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein levels in 55 insulin dependent diabetic patients. A longitudinal study. Diabetes, 32: 20-25. Lowry O.H., Rosebrough N.J., Farr A.L. and Randall R.J. (1951). Protein measurement with the folins phenol reagent. Journal of Biochemistry, 193: 265-275. Lu C., Ruan Y. and Bridgen M. (1995). Micropropagation procedures for Leontochir ovallei. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 42: 219-221. Luo Q., Cai Y., Yan J., Sun M. and Corke H. (2004). Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects and antioxidant activity of fruit extracts from Lycium barbarum. Life Sciences, 76: 137-149. Macchia M., Angelini L.G. and Ceccarini L. (2001). Method to overcome seed dormancy in Echinacea angustifolia D.C. Scientia Horticulturae, 89: 317-324. MacDonald M.J. and D’Cunha G.B. (2007). A modern view of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 85: 273-282. Machado T.B., Pinto A.V., Pinto M.C.F.R., Leal I.C.R., Silva M.G., Amaral A.C.F., Kuster R.M. and Nettodos S.K.R. (2003). In vitro activity of Brazilian medicinal plants, naturally occurring naphthoqinones and their analogues, against methicillin–resistant Staphylococcus aureus. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 21: 279-284. Madhumathi S. and Rajendran A. (2011). Antimicrobial activity of leaf extract of Passiflora incarnata L. International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology, 2(2): 481-486. Magnaval C., Noirot M., Verdeil L., Blattes A., Huet C., Grosdemange F. and Buffard-Morel J. (1995). Free amino acid composition of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) calli under somatic embryogenesis induction conditions. Journal of Plant Physiology, 146: 155-161. Mahida Y. and Mohan J.S.S. (2006). Screening of Indian plant extracts for antibacterial activity. Pharmaceutical Biology, 44(8): 627-631. Mahida Y. and Mohan J.S.S. (2007). Screening of plants for their potential antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus and Salmonella spp. Natural Product Radiance, 6(4): 301-305. Maiyo Z.C., Ngure R.M., Matasyoh J.C. and Chepkorir R. (2010). Phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of three Amaranthus plant species. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(21): 3178-3182. Makowczynska J. and Andrezejewska-Golec E. (2003). Micropropagation of Plantago asiatica L. through culture of shoot-tips. Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 72(3): 191-194. Makunga N.P., Jager A.K. and Van S.J. (2003). Micropropagation of Thapsia garganica- a medicinal plant. Plant cell Reports, 21: 967-973. Malhotra S.K. and Wadhwa B.M. (1973). Studies on the botany of Jamnagar district (Gujarat). M.V.M. Patrika, 8: 3-23. Mandal S. (2010). Induction of phenolics, lignin and key defense enzymes in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) roots in response to elicitors. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(47): 8038-8047. Mares D.J. (2005). Quarterly reports on plant growth regulation and activities of the Plant Growth Regulation Society of America. 32nd annual conference. Plant Growth Regulator Society of America, 33(2): 78-89. Marles R.J. and Farnsworth R. (1995). Antidiabetic plants and their active constituents. Phytomedicine, 2(2): 137-189. Martin K.P., Pradeep A.K. and Madassery J. (2011). High frequency in vitro propagation of Trichopus zeylanicus subsp. travancoricus using branch-petiole explants. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 33: 1141–1148. McNulty J., Nair J.J., Bollareddy E., Keskar K., Thorat A., Crankshaw D.J., Holloway A.C., Khan G., Wright G.D. and Ejim L. (2009). Isolation of flavonoids from the heartwood and resin of Prunus avium and some preliminary biological investigations. Phytochemistry, 70: 2040-2046. Mehta S.R. and Subramanian R.B. (2005). Direct in vitro propagation of Asparagus adscendens Roxb. Plant Tissue Culture, 15(1): 25-32. Meratan A.A., Ghaffari S.M. and Niknam V. (2009). In vitro organogenesis and antioxidant enzymes activity in Acanthophyllum sordidum. Biologia Plantarum, 53(1): 5-10. Meyer S.E., Kitchen S.G. and Carlson S.L. (1995). Seed germination timing patterns in Intermountain penstemon (Scrophulariaceae). American Journal of Botany, 82(3): 377-389. Mikulik J. (1999). Propagation of endangered plant species by tissue cultures. Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis, Facultas Rerum Naturalium Biologica, 37: 27-33. Mishra R.R., Behera M.L., Kumar D.R. and Panigrahi J. (2006). High frequency regeneration of plantlets from seedling explants of Asteracantha longifolia (L.) Nees. Journal of Plant Biotechnology, 8: 27-31. Mitra S.K., Gopumadhavan S., Muralidhar T.S., Anturlikar S.D. and Sujatha M.B. (1996). Effect of a herbomineral preparation D-400 in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 54: 41-46. Mittler R. (2002). Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends in Plant Sciences, 7: 405-410. Miura T., Itoh C., Iwamoto N., Aato M., Kawai M., Park S.R. and Suziki I. (2001). Hypoglycemic activity of fruit of the Momordica charantia in type 2 diabetic mice. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 47: 340-344. Modak M., Dixit P., Londhe J., Ghaskadbi S. and Devasagayam T.P.A. (2007). Indian herbs and herbal drugs used for the treatment of diabetes. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 40: 163-173. Mohajeri D., Tabrizi B.A., Mousavi G. and Mesgari M. (2008). Antidiabetic activity of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) stigma ethanolic extracts in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 3(9): 1102-1108. Mohamed B., Abderrahim Z., Hassane M., Abdelhafid T., Abdelk H.L. (2006). Medicinal plants with potential antidiabetic activity - A review of ten years of herbal medicine research (1990-2000). International Journal of Diabetes Metabolism, 14: 1-25 Mohan J.S.S., Patel S. and Sharma U. (2005). In vitro clonal propagation of Urginea indica (Roxb.) Kunth. Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences - Prajna, 13: 2128. Mohanasundari C., Natarajan D., Srinivasan K., Maheshwari U.S. and Ramachandran A. (2007). Antibacterial properties of Passiflora foetida L. –a common exotic medicinal plant. African Journal of Biotechnology, 6(23): 2650-2653. Mohanty P., Hamouda W., Garg R., Aljada A., Ghanim H. and Dandona P. (2000). Glucose challenge stimulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by leucocytes. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 85: 29702973. Molassiotis A.N. Dimassi K., Diamantidis G. and Therios I. (2004). Changes in peroxidases and catalase activity during in vitro rooting. Biologia Plantarum, 48: 1-5. Momo C.E.N., Oben J.E., Tazoo D. and Dongo E. (2006). Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects of Laportea ovalifolia (urticaceae) in alloxan induced diabetic rats. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 3(1): 36-43. Momo C.E.N., Oben J.E., Tazoo D. and Dongo E. (2006). Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects of Laportea ovalifolia (urticaceae) in alloxan induced diabetic rats. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 3(1): 36-43. Monsereenusorn Y. (1980). Effect of Capsicum annuum on blood glucose level. Quarterly Journal of Crude Drug Research, 18: 1-7. Motsei M.L., Lindsey K.L., Van S.J. and Jaeger A.K. (2003). Screening of traditionally used South African plants for antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 86: 235-241. Mulaudzi R.B. (2009). Seed germination and medicinal properties of Alepidea species. The dissertation thesis submitted to University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus. Muller W.E.G., Batel R., Schroder H.C. and Muller I.M. (2004). Traditional and modern biomedical prospecting: part I- The History. Sustainable exploitation of biodiversity (sponges and invertebrates) in the Adriatic sea at Rovinj (Croatia). Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 1:71-82. Murashige T. (1990). Plant propagation by tissue culture: A practice with unrealized potential. In: Handbook of plant cell culture, ornamental species. (editors: Ammirato P.V., Evans D.A., Sharp W.R., Bajaj Y.P.S.), McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, USA, 5: 3-9. Murashige T. and Skoog F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Plant Physiology, 15: 473-497. Murch S.J., Victor J.M.R., Krishnaraj S., and Saxena P.K. (1999). The role of proline in thidiazuron-induced somatic embryogenesis of peanut. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology of Plant, 35:102-105. Murch S.J., Wierenga E.J., El-Demerdash M.A. and Saxena P.K. (2003). In vitro propagation of the Egyptian medicinal plant, Echinops spinossimus Turra. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 74: 81-86. Murthy K.S.R., Kondamudi R. and Vijayalakshmi V. (2010). Micropropagation of an endangered medicinal plant, Ceropegia spiralis. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 6(1): 179-191. Nagappa A.N. Thakurdesai P.A., Rao N.V. and Singh J. (2003). Antidiabetic activity of Terminalia catappa Linn fruits. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 88: 45-50. Naidu K.R. and Kavi Kishore P.B. (1995). Activity of hydrolytic enzymes in callus cultures of tobacco during organogenesis. Journal of Bioscience, 20: 629-636. Naik P.K. and Nayak S. (2005). Different modes of plant regeneration and factors affecting in vitro bulblet production in Ornithogalum virens. Science Asia, 31: 409-414. Naika H.R. and Krishna V. (2008). Plant regeneration from callus culture of Clematis gouriana Roxb. - a rare medicinal plant. Turkish Journal of Biology, 32: 99103. Nair R., Kalariya T. and Chanda S. (2005). Antibacterial activity of some selected Indian medicinal flora. Turkish Journal of Biology, 29: 41-47. Nakajima R. and Yamazaki I. (1979). The mechanism of indol-3 acetic acid oxidation by horse radish peroxidases. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 254: 872-878. Nawata K., Sohmiya M., Kawaguchi M., Nishiki M. and Kato Y. (2004). Increasing resting metabolic rate in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus accompanied by advanced diabetic nephropathy. Metabolism, 53: 1395-1398. Ng T.B. and Yeung H.W. (1985). Hypoglycaemic constituents of Panax ginseng. General Pharmacology, 16: 549-553. Niedz R.P. (1998). Using isothiazolone biocides to control microbial and fungal contaminants in plant tissue cultures. Hort Technology, 8(4): 598-601. Nielson K.A. and Hansen I.B. (1992). Appearance of extra cellular proteins associated with somatic embryogenesis in suspension cultures of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Journal of Plant Physiology, 139: 489-497. Nikadio H. and Vaara M. 1985. Molecular basis of bacterial outer membrane permeability revisited. Microbiology and Molecularbiology Reviews, 67(4): 593-656. Niranjan P.S., Singh D., Prajapati K. and Jain S.K. (2010). Antidiabetic activity of ethanolic extract of Dalbergia sissoo L. leaves in alloxan induced diabetic rats. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, 2(2): 24-27. Nobrega R., Barbosa J.M. and Ramnath S. (1985). Chemistry and pharmacology of an ethanol extract of Bumelia sartorum. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 14: 173185. Noor A., Gunasekaran S., Manickam A.S., Vijyalakshmi M.A. (2008). Antidiabetic activity of Aloe vera and histology of organs in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Current Science, 94(8): 1070-1076. Noreen W., Wadood A., Hidayat H.K. and Wahid S. (1988). Effect of Eriobotrya japonica on blood glucose levels of normal and alloxan-diabetic rabbit. Planta Medica, 54: 196-199. Nwachukwu E. and Uzoeto H.O. (2010). Antimicrobial activities of leaf of Vitex doniana and Cajanus cajan on some bacteria. Researcher, 2(3): 37-47. Nwachukwu I.N, Allison L.N, Chinakwe E.C. and Nwadiaro P. (2008). Studies on the effects Cymbopogan citratus, Ceiba pentandra and Loranthes bengwelensis extracts on species of dermatophytes. Journal of American Science, 4(4): 5867. Obdoni B.O. and Ochuko P.O. (2001). Phytochemical studies and comparative efficacy of the crude extracts of some Homostatic plants in Edo and Delta States of Nigeria. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 8: 203-208. Obembe O.O., Khan T., Popoola J.O., Singh A.K. and Pant R.C. (2010). Endogenous levels of reducing sugars, free amino acids and phenols during various stages of in vitro culture of cotton (Gossypium spp). International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 4(6): 2371-2378. Ogbonnia, S.O., Odimegwu, J.I. and Enwuru, V.N. (2008). Evaluation of hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of ethanolic extracts of Treculia africana Decne and Bryophyllum pinnatum Lam. and their mixture on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7(15): 2535-2539. Ohkawa H., Ohishi N. and Yagi K. (1979). Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Analytical Biochemistry, 95: 351-358. Okwu D.E. (2003). The potentials of Ocimum gratissimum, Penrgularia extensa and Tetrapleura tetraptera as spice and flavouring agents. Nigerian Agriculture Journal, 34: 143-148. Okwu D.E. and Igara E.C. (2009). Isolation, characterization and antibacterial activity of alkaloid from Datura metel Linn leaves. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 3(5): 277-281. Ordonez A.A., Cudmani N.M., Gomez D., Vattuone M.A. and Isla M.I. (2003). Antimicrobial activity of nine extracts of Sechium edule (Jacq) Swartz. Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease, 15: 33-39. Owu D.U, Antai A.B., Udofia K.H., Obembe A.O., Obasi K.O. and Eteng M.U. (2006). Vitamin c improves basal metabolic rate and lipid profile in alloxaninduced diabetes mellitus in rats. Journal of Biosciences, 31(5): 575-579. Ozyigit I.I. (2008). Phenolic changes during in vitro organogenesis of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) shoot tips. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7(8): 1145-1150. Palai S.K., Rout G.R., Samantatray S. and Das P. (2000). Biochemical changes during in vitro organogenesis in Zingiber officinale Rosc. Journal of Plant Biology, 27: 153-160. Pandey C.N., Raval B.R., Mali S. and Salvi H. (2005). Medicinal plants of Gujarat. Gujarat Ecological Education and Research (GEER) Foundation, Gandhinagar, Gujarat. pp: 91-104. Pandeya K., Tiwari K.N., Singh J., Verma J.P. and Dubey S.D. (2010). In vitro propagation of Clitoria ternatea L.: a rare medicinal plant. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(8): 664-668. Panigrahi J., Behera M., Maharana S. and Mishra R.R. (2007). Bimolecular changes during in vitro organogenisis of Astracantha longifolia (L.) Ness.-A medicinal herb. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 45: 911-919. Parekh J. and Chanda S. (2007). In vitro screening of antibacterial activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of various Indian plant species against selected pathogens from Einterobacteriaceae. African Journal of Microbiology, 1 (6): 92-99. Parekh J., Rathish N. and Sumitra P. (2005). Preliminary screening of some folklore medicinal plants from western India for potential antimicrobial activity. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 37(6): 408-409. Parfsh R. W. (1974). Assay method for acid phosphatase. Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, 9: 542-544. Pari L. and Latha M. (2005). Antidiabetic effect of Scoparia dulcis: effect on lipid peroxidation in streptozotocin diabetes. General Physiology and Biophysics, 24(1): 13-26. Parmar K., Patel S., Patel J., Patel B., and Patel M.B. (2011). Effects of bittergourd (Momordica Charantia) fruit juice on glucose tolerance and lipid profile in type-ll diabetic rats. International Journal of Drug Development and Research, 3(2): 139-146. Passardi F., Cosio C., Penel C. and Dunand C. (2005). Peroxidase have more functions than a swiss army knife. Plant Cell Reports, 24: 255-256. Pastur G.M., Zappacosta D., Arena M. and Curvetto N. (2001). Changes in isoperoxidase patterns during the in vitro rooting of Nothofagus antarctica. Bulgarian Journal of Plant Physiology, 27(1): 43-53. Patel Y.S., Patel R.M., Joshi P.N. and Dabgar Y.B. (2011). Study of angiospermic flora of Kachchh district, Gujarat, India. Life Sciences Leaflets, 19: 739-768. Patil U.H. and Gaikwad D.K. (2011). Pterocarpus marsupium: a valuable medicinal plant in diabetes management. International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology, 2(3): 6-13. Patnaik G. (1994). Information management for the marketing of medicinal and aromatic plants. APEDA (Agricultural and processed food products export development authority), Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Govt. of India, New Delhi. Pattabiraman K. and Muthukumaran P. (2011). Antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of Morinda tinctoria roxb fruits extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Technology, 1(2): 34-39. Pattnaik S.K. and Chand P.K. (1996). In vitro propagation of the medicinal herbs Ocimum americanum L. Syn, O. canum sims (hoary basil) and Ocimum sanctum L. (holy basil). Plant Cell Reports, 15: 846-850. Pavana P., Sethupathy S. and Manoharan S. (2007). Antihyperglycemic and antilipid peroxidative effect of Tephrosia purpurea seed extract in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 22(1): 77-83. Pedreno M.A., Ferrer M.A., Gasper T., Munoz R. and Barcelo R.A. (1995). The polyfunctionality of cell wall peroxidases avoids the necessity of an independent H2O2- generating system for phenolic coupling in the cell wall. Plant Peroxidase Newsletter, 5: 3-8. Pen F. and Fang C.S. (2003). Effect of Swertia punicea Hemsl on protection of experimental diabetic mice. Chinese Journal of Traditional Medical Science and Technology, 10: 96-97. Pepato M.T., Keller E.H., Baviera AM., Kettelhut I.C., Vendramin R.C. and Brunetti I.L. (2002). Anti-diabetic activity of Bauhinia forficata decoction in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 81: 191-197. Perez C., Pauli M., and Bazaerque P. (1990). An antibiotic assay by the agar well diffusion method. Acta Biological Medicine Experimentalis, 15: 113-115. Perilla M.J. (2003). Manual for the laboratory identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacterial pathogens of public health importance in the developing world. WHO. pp: 209-214. Pradeepkumar R., Sujatha D., Mohamed S.T.S., Chetty C.M. and Ranganayakulu D. (2010). Potential hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect of Morus indica and Asystasia gangetica in alloxan induced diabetis mellitus. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Science, 1(1): 51-56. Pradhan A., Vishwanathan A.S. and Basavaraju R. (2010). Effect of nutrients on in vitro culture of Morus alba L. (White mulberry). Bioresearch Bulletin, 1: 1923. Prakash E., Khan S.V.P.S., Reddy S.R.P. and Rao K.R. (1999). Regeneration of plants from seed derived callus of Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) Muell, a rare ethanobotanical herb. Plant Cell Reports, 18: 873-878. Pramanik S., Chakraborty S. and Raychaudhuri S.S. (1995). In vitro clonal propagation and characterization of clonal regenerants of Plantago ovata Forssk. by isozyme analysis. Cytobios, 82: 123-130. Prasad S.K., Kulshreshtha A. and Qureshi T.N. (2009). Antidiabetic activity of some herbal plants in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 8(5): 551-557. Pulok K.M., Kuntal M., Kakali M. and Peter J.H. (2006). Leads from medicinal plants with hypoglycemic potentials. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 106: 1-28. Purohit S.D., Dave A. and Kukda G. (1994). Micropropagation of safed musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum), a rare medicinal herb. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 39: 93-96. Quraishi A., Koche V., Sharma P. and Mishra S.K. (2004). In vitro clonal propagation of neem (Azadirachata indica). Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 78: 281284. Qureshi R. and Bhatti G.R. (2008). Taxonomy of Scrophulariaceae from Nara desert, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40(3): 973-978. Radojevic L., Djordjevic N. and Petrovic J. (1990). In vitro culture techniques for Earnation bruolign. Acta Horticulturae, pp: 280. Raffauf R.F. (1996). Plant alkaloids: A guide to their discovery and distribution. Hawkworth Press Incorporation, New York. Ragavan B. and Krishnakumari S. (2006). Antidiabetic effect of Terminalia arjuna bark extract in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 21(2): 123-128. Raghu A.V., Geetha S.P., Martin G., Balachandran I., Ravindran P.N. and Mohanan K.V. (2007). An improved micropropagation protocol for Bael-a vulnerable medicinal tree. Research Journal of Botany, 2(4): 186-194. Rai V.R. (2002). Rapid clonal propagation of Nothapodytes foetida (Wight) sleumer a threatened medicinal tree. In Vitro Cellular Developmental Biology of Plant, 38: 347-351. Rajangam U., Kasthurirengan S., Mariashibu T.S., Manoharan R., Anbazhagan V.R., Kim S.C., Ganapathi A. and Choi C.W. (2009). Hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects of Withania somnifera root and leaf extracts on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 10: 2367-2382. Rajeshwari V. and Paliwal K. (2008). Peroxidase and catalase changes during in vitro adventitious shoot organogenesis from hypocotyls of Albizia odoratissima L.f. (Benth). Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 30: 825-832. Ram A., Lauria P.,Gupta R. and Sharma V.N. (1996). Hypolipidaemic effect of Myristica fragrans fruit extract in rabbits. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 55: 49-53. Raman S. and Jaiwal P.K. (2000). In vitro multiplication of Pegamum harmala -an important medicinal plant. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 38: 499503. Rao B.K., Kesavulu M.M. and Apparao C. (2003). Evolution of antidiabetic effect of Momordica cynobalaria fruit in alloxan diabetic rats. Journal of Fitoterapia, 74: 7-14. Rao K.S.S. (1981). Flora of South- Eastern Kachchh. Ph.D. Thesis submitted to The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India. Rao M.U., Sreenivasulu M., Chengaiah B., Reddy K.J. and Chetty C.M. (2010). Herbal medicines for diabetes mellitus: A review. International Journal of Pharmacology Techniques and Research, 2(3): 1883-1892. Raole V.M., Joshi A.G., Garge S.K. and Desai R.J. (2010). Seed germination of selected taxa from Kachchh desert, India. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 2(2): 41-45. Rasol M.K. (1991). Peroxidase as a developmental marker in plant tissue culture. International Journal of Developmental Biology, 35: 259-263. Rasool S.N., Jaheerunnisa S., Chitta S.K. and Jayaveera K.N. (2008). Antimicrobial activities of Plumeria acutifolia. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2(4): 77-80. Rastogi S., Kulshreshtha D.K. and Rawat A.K.S. (2006). Streblus asper Lour. (Shakhotaka): A review of its chemical, pharmacological and ethnomedicinal properties. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 3(2): 217-222. Rawi S.M., Mourad I.M. and Sayed D.A. (2011). Biochemical changes in experimental diabetes before and after treatment with Mangifera indica and Psidium guava extracts. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research, 2(2): 29-41. Rehman S. (2000). Effect of scarification, GA and chilling on the germination of golden-tree (Koelreateria paniculata Laxm). Scientia Horticulture, 85: 319329. Reitman S. and Frankel S.A. (1957). Colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamate oxoloacetate and glutamate pyruvate transminases. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 28: 56-63. Reusser F. (1971). Mode of action of streptozotocin. Journal of Bacteriology, 105: 580-588 Ribes G., Sauvaire Y., Costa D.C., Baccou J.C. and Loubatieres M. (1984). Antidiabetic effect of subfractions from fenugreek in diabetic dogs. Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 182: 156166. Rival A., Bernard F. and Mathieu Y. (1997). Changes in peroxidase activity during in vitro rooting of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Scientia Horticulturae, 71: 103-l12. Rodgers W.A., Panwar H.S. and Mathur V.B. (2002). Wildlife protected area network in India: A review (executive summary). Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, India. pp: 44. Rout G.R., Samantary S. and Das P. (2000). In vitro rooting of Psoralea corylifolia Linn: Peroxidase activity as a marker. Plant Growth Regulation, 30: 215-219. Rout S.P., Chowdary K.A., Kar D.M. and Das L. (2009). Plants as sources of novel anti-diabetic drug: Present scenario and future perspectives. Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy, 3(1): 37-55. Rubeaan K.A. (2010). Type 2 diabetes mellitus red zone. International Journal of Diabetes Mellitus, 2: 1-2. Sabnis S.D. and Rao K.S.S. (1983). Observation on some rare and endangered endemics of Southeastern Kachchh. In: (editors Jain S.K. and Rao R.R.), An assessment of threatened plants of India. Proceedings of the seminar held at Dehradun, Botanical Survey of India. pp: 71-77. Sachan N.K., Kumar Y., Pushkar S., Yhakur R.N., Gangwar S.S. and Kalaichelvan V.K. (2009). Antidiabetic potential of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Ficus racemosa L. bark in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. International Journal of Pharmaceuticals Sciences and Drug Research, 1(1): 24-27. Sadasivam S. and Manickam A. (1992). Biochemical methods for agricultural sciences, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi, India. pp: 11-12. Sahoo Y. and Chand P.K. (1998). Micropropagation of Vitex nigundo L. a woody aromatic medicinal shrub, through high frequency axillary shoots proliferation. Plant Cell Reports, 18: 301-307. Saini R. and Jaiwal P.K. (2000). In vitro multiplication of Peganum harmala - an important medicinal plant. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 38: 499503. Sakano K. and Komamine A. (1978). Change in the proportion of two aspartokinases in carrot root tissue in response to in vitro culture. Plant Physiology, 61: 115118. Salvat A., Antonnacci L., Fartunato R.H., Suarez E.Y. and Godoy H.M. (2001). Screening of some plants from Northern Argentina for their antimicrobial activity. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 32: 293-297. Samantaray S., Kumar S.V. and Maiti S. (2009). Direct shoot regeneration from immature inflorescence cultures of Chlorophytum arundinaceum and Chlorophytum borivilianum. Biologia, 64(2): 305-309. Samantaray S., Rout G.R. and Das P. (1999). Changes in isozyme patterns during in vitro regeneration from cotyledon explant of Brassica species. Biologia Plantarum, 42(2): 169-176. Sangameswaran B. and Jayakar B. (2008). Antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and spermatogenic effects of Amaranthus spinosus L. on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Nature Medicine, 62(1): 79-82. Sarkar A.K., Rai E., Shah S.N., Bouddha S., Bansal Y.K. and Ansari S.A. (2010). Changes in enzyme activities, soluble sugars and phenols during in vitro adventitious shoot regeneration from leaflet explants of Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth., New Forests, 40: 323-334. Satish S., Mohana D.C., Raghavendra M.P. and Raveesha K.A. (2007). Antifungal activity of some plant extracts against important seed borne pathogens of Aspergillus sp. Journal of Agricultural Technology, 3(1): 109-119. Satish S., Raghavendra M.P. and Raveesha K.A. (2008). Evaluation of the antibacterial potential of some plants against human pathogenic bacteria. Advance in Biological Research, 2(3-4): 44-48. Satyanarayan B., Prattipati S.D. and Atluru A. (2011). Biochemical changes during seed germination of Sterculia urens Roxb. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 3(3): 105-108. Schaffert B.R. and Kinglsy G.R. (1955). A rapid, simple method for the determination of reduced, dehydro- and total ascorbic acid in biological material. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 212: 59-68. Schweitzer M., Tessir D., Valhos W.D., Leiter L., Collet J.P., Moqueen M.J., Harvey L. and Alaupovic F.A. (2002). Comparison of pravastatin and gemfibrozil in the treatment of dyslipoproteinemia in patients with non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Journal of Atherosclerosis, 162: 201-210. Scoppola A., Montecchi F.R., Mezinger G. and Lala A. (2001). Urinary mevalonate excretion rate in type 2 diabetes: role of metabolic control. Journal of Atherosclerosis, 156: 357-361. Seifter S. and England S. (1982). The liver biology and pathobiology. In Energy metabolism (editers: Arias I., Popper H., Schacter D., et al.) Raven Press, New York. pp: 219-249. Seifter S., Dayton S. and Munwyler E. (1950). The estimation of glycogen with the anthrone reagent. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 25: 59-68. Sen D.N. and Mohammad S. (1991). Marvels of seeds. Geobioss International, Jodhpur, India. Sen J. and Sharma A.K. (1991). Micropropagation of Withania somnifera from germinating seeds and shoot tips. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 26: 71-73. Sen J., Kalia S. and Mukherjee S.G. (2002). Level of endogenous free amino acids during various stages of culture of Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper- somatic embryogenesis, organogenesis and plant regeneration. Current Science, 82(4): 429-432. Seyydnejad S.M., Niknejad M., Darabpoor I. and Motamedi H. (2010). Antibacterial activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Callistemon citrinus and Albizia lebbeck. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 7(1): 13-16. Shah G.L. (1978). Flora of Gujarat state, Sardar Patel University Press, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India, 2: 504. Shah S.N., Bodhankar S.L., Bhonde R. and Mohan V. (2006). Hypoglycemic activity of the combination of active ingredients isolated from Trigonella foenumgracum in alloxan induced diabetic mice. Pharmacologyonline, 1: 6582. Shamsa F., Monsef H., Ghamooshi R. and Verdian-rizi M. (2008). Spectrophotometric determination of total alkaloids in some Iranian medicinal plants. Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 32: 17-20. Shanmugasundaram K.R., Peneerselvam C., Smudram P. and Shanmugasundaram E.R.B. (1983). Enzyme changes and glucose utilization in diabetic rabbits: the effect of Gymnema sylvestre. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 7: 205-234. Shanmugavalli M., Renganayaki P.R. and Menaka C. (2007). Seed dormancy and germination improvement treatments in fodder Sorghum. Journal of Semi Arid Tropics Agriculture Research, 3:1-3. Sharma P., Tyagi V. and Swarnkar P.L. (1995). Protiens as a marker for organogenesis in Vigna aconitifolia. Journal of Indian Botanical Society, 74: 337-338. Sharma P.C. and Dennis T.J. (2000). Data base on medicinal plants used in Ayurveda. Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), New Delhi, India, 1: 378-383. Sharma R.K., Sharma S. and Sharma S.S. (2006). Seed germination behaviour of some medicinal plants of Lahaul and Spiti cold desert (Himachal Pradesh): implications for conservation and cultivation. Current Science, 90(8): 11131118. Sharma S.B., Nasir A., Prabhu K.M., Murthy P.S. and Gev G. (2003). Hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic effect of ethanolic extract of seeds of Eugenia jambolana in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 85: 201206. Sharma U. and Mohan J.S.S. (2006). In vitro clonal propagation of Chlorophytum borivilianum Sant. Et Fernand., a rare medicinal herb from immature floral buds along with inflorescence axis. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 44: 77-82. Shibata H., Konodo K., Katsuyama R., Kawazoe K., Sato Y., Murakami K., Takaishi Y., Arakaki N. and Higuti T. (2005). Alkyl gallates intensifiers of – lactem susceptibility in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrobial Agents, 49(2): 459-555. Shibib B.A., Khan L.A. and Rahman R. (1993). Hypoglycemic activity of Coccinia indica and Momordica charantia in diabetic rats: depression of the hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes glucose-6- phosphatase and fructose 1,6biosphosphatase and elevation of both liver and red-cell shunt enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase and elevation dehydrogenase. Biochemical Journal, 292: 267-270. Shrivastava S. and Banerjee M. (2008). In vitro clonal propagation of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.): influence of additives. International Journal of Integrative Biology, 3(1): 73-79. Shruthi S.D., Ramachandra Y.L. Rai P.S. and Shetty V.A. (2010). Antibacterial potential of leaf extracts from Kirganelia reticulate Baill. International Journal of Pharmaceuticals Research and Development, 2(6): 1-7. Silverstein R.M. and Webster F.X. (2007). Spectrometric identification of organic compound. Sixth Edition, State University of New York, pp: 136-140. Singh N., Meena M.K. and Patni V. (2011). Effect of plant growth regulators, explants type and efficient plantlet regeneration protocol through callus induction in Naringi crenulata (Roxb.) Nicolson and its biochemical investigation. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10 (77): 17769-17777. Singh R. and Swhney S.K. (1988). Advances in frontier areas of plant biochemistry. Prentice Hall in India Private Ltd., New Delhi, India. pp: 487. Singh R.P. and Jain D.A. (2011). Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of five plants used in traditional medicine in North India. International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 3(1): 376-380. Sivaprakash N., Pental D. and Sarin N.B. (1994). Regeneration of Pigeon pea from cotyledonary nodes via multiple shoot formation. Plant Cell Reports, 13: 623627. Sobiyaraj D., Vennila J.J., Aiyavu C. and Panneerselvam K. (2009). The hepatoprotective effect of alcoholic extract of Annona squamosa leaves on experimentally induced liver injury in swiss albino rats. International Journal of Integrative Biology, 5(3): 182-186. Sochar M., Baquer N.Z. and McLean P. (1995). Glucose under utilization in diabetes: Comparative studies on the change in activities of enzymes of glucose metabolism in rat kidney and liver. Molecular Physiology, 7: 51-68. Sparg S.G., Kulkarni M.G. and Staden J.V. (2005). Germination and seedling establishment strategies for Merwilla natalensis, a South African medicinal plant in high demand. South African Journal of Science, 101: 205-208. Srinivasan D., Nathan S. and Suresh T. and Lakshmanaperumalsamy P. (2001). Antibacterial activity of neem (Azadirachta indica) and tamarind (Tamarindus indica) leaves. Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Science, 3: 67-73. Srivastava P.S., Ali G., Iqbal M., Narula A. and Bharti N. (2002). Micropropagation of Bacopa and effects of heavy metals on growth performance. In: Role of plant tissue culture in biodiversity conservation and economic development, (editors:Nandi S.K., Palni L.M.S. and Kumar A.). Gyandra Prakshan, Nainital, India, pp: 325-344. Stary F. and Hans S. (1998). The national guides to medical herbs and plants. Tiger Books. International Plc. UK. Stirn S. and Jacobsen H.J. (1987). Marker proteins for embryogenic differentiation patterns in pea callus. Plant Cell Reports, 6: 50-54. Stirn S. and Mordhorst A.P. (1995). Molecular and biochemical markers for embryogenic potential and regenerative capacity of barley cell culture. Plant Science, 106: 195-206. Sudha G.C. and Seeni S. (1994). In vitro multiplication and field establishment of Adhatoda beddomei C.B. Clarke, a rare medicinal plant. Plant Cell Reports, 13: 203-207. Sumathi P. and Parvathi A. (2010). Antimicrobial activity of some traditional medicinal plants. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(4): 316-321. Syros T., Yupsanis T., Zafiriadis H. and Economou A. (2004). Activity and isoforms of peroxidases, lignin and anatomy, during adventitious rooting in cuttings of Ebenus cretica L. Journal of Plant Physiology, 161: 69-77. Szkudelski T. (2001). The mechanism of alloxan and streptozotocin action in β cell of the rats pancreas. Physiological Research, 50: 536-546. Takasu N., Asawa T., Komiya I., Nagasawa Y. and Yamada T. (1991). Alloxan induced DNA strand breaks in pancreatic islets. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 26: 2112-2114. Tanko Y., Yerima M., Mahdi M.A., Yaro A.H., Musa K.Y. and Mohammed A. (2008). Hypoglycemic activity of methanolic stem bark of Adansonia digitata extract on blood glucose levels of streptozotocin induced diabetic wistar rats. International Journal of Applied Research in Natural Products, 1(2): 32-36. Teimori M., Kouhsari M.S, Ghafarzadegan R. and Hajiaghaee R. (2010). Study of hypoglycemic effect of Juglans regia leaves and its mechanism. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 9(2): 57-65. Tejavathi D.H. and Shailaja K.S. (1999). Regeneration of plants from the cultures of Bacopa monneri (L.) Pennell. Phytomorphology, 49: 447-452. Thakar J. and Bhargava S. (1999). Seasonal variation in antioxidant enzymes and the sprouting response of Gmelina arborea Roxb. nodal sectors cultured in vitro. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 59: 181-187. Thiart S. (2003). Manipulation of growth by using tissue culture techniques. Combined Proceedings International Plant Propagators’ Society, 53: 61-67. Thimmaiah S.K. (2006). Standard methods in biochemical analysis, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi. Thomas T.D. and Yoichiro H. (2010). In vitro propagation for the conservation of a rare medicinal plant Justicia gendarussa Burm. f. by nodal explants and shoot regeneration from callus. Acta Physiologica of Plant, 32: 943-950. Thorpe T.A. and Harry I.S. (1990). Special problems and prospects in the propagation of woody species. In: Plant aging: basic and applied approaches. Plenum Press, New York, pp: 67. Tikki F. (2004). Improvement in seed germination of Arbutus unedo. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 7: 1640-1642. Tiwari S., Shah P. and Singh K. (2004). In vitro propagation of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.; An endangered medicinal tree. Indian Journal of Biotechnology, 3: 422-425. Tiwari, V., Tiwari K.N. and Singh B.D. (2001). Comparative studies of cytokinins on in vitro propagation of Bacopa monnieri. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 66: 9-16. Trivedi N.A., Mazumder B., Bhatt J.D. and Hemavathi K.G. (2004). Effect of Shilajit on blood glucose and lipid profile in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 36(6): 373-376. Ugochukwu N.H., Babady N.E., Cobourne M. and Gasset S.R. (2003). The effect of Gangronema latifolium extracts on serum lipid profile and oxidative stress in hepatocytes of diabetic rats. Journal of Biosciences, 28(1): 1-5. Umadevi A.J. and Parabia M.H. (1989). Medicinal plants of Gujarat - A survey in: Proceeding of all Indian symposium on the biology and utility of wild plants. Prof. G.L. Shah commemoration volume, (editor: Parabia M.H.), Dept. of Biosciences, South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India. Unwin N., Sobngwi E. and Alberti K.G.M.M. (2001). Type 2 diabetes: the challenge of preventing a global epidemic. Diabetes Introduction, 11: 4-8. Vadlapudi V. and Behara M. (2011). Antimicrobial activity of medicinal plant extracts against disease causing human pathogens. International Journal of Research in Phytochemistry and Pharmacology, 1(2): 93-95. Vega T.A., Nestares G.M., Pratta G., Zorzoli R., Gattuso S. and Picardi L. (2007). Biochemical and histological changes associated with in vitro responses in sunflower cotylendonary explants. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology of Plant, 43: 415-422. Venable D.L. and Lawlor L. (1980). Delayed germination and dispersal in desert annuals: escape in space and time. Oecologia, 46: 272-282. Venkateswaran S. and Pari L. (2002). Antioxidant effect of Phaseolus vulgaris in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 11: 206-209. Verma L., Singour P.K., Chaurasiya P.K., Rajak H., Pawar R.S. and Patil U.K. (2010). Effect of ethanolic extracts of Cassia occidentalis Linn. for the management of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Pharmacognosy Research, 2(3): 132-137. Vetrichelvan T., Jagadeesan M. and Umadevi B.A. (2002). Antidiabetic activity of alcohol extract of Celosia argentea Linn. seeds in rats. Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 25: 526-528. Vincent J.B., Crowder M.W. and Averill B.A. (1992). Hydrolysis of phosphate monoesters: a biological problem with multiple chemical solutions. Trends in Biochemical Science, 17: 105-110. Vishnu Kumar., Khanna A.K., Khan M.M., Singh R., Singh S., Chander R., Mahdi F., Saxena J.K., Saxena S., Singh V.K. and Singh R.K. (2009). Hypoglycemic, lipid lowering and antioxidant activites in root extract of Anthocephalus indicus in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 24(1): 65-69. Viss P.R., Brooks E.M. and Driver J.A.A. (1991). A simplified method for the control of bacterial contamination in woody plant tissue culture. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology- Plant, 27: 42. Vleeshouwers L.M., Bouwmeester H.J. and Karssen C.M. (1995). Redefining seed dormancy: An attempt to integrate physiology and ecology. Journal of Ecology, 83: 1031-1037. Wadkar K.A., Magdum C.S., Patil S.S. and Naikwade N.S. (2008). Anti-diabetic potential and Indian medicinal plants. Journal of Herbal Medicine and Toxicology, 2(1): 45-50. Wagner H. and Bladt S. (1996). Plant drug Analysis-a thin layer chromatography atlas 2nd edition. Springer – Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, New York. pp: 87-95. Wala B.B. and Jasrai Y.T. (2003). Micropropagation of an endangered medicinal plant: Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. Plant Tissue Culture, 13(1): 13-19. WCMC (World Conservation Monitoring Center). (1994). Biodiversity data source book, (editors: Groombridge B. and Jenkins M.D.), World Conservation Monitoring Center, Cambridge, pp: 155. Webster W.W., Stinson S.F. and Wong W.H. (1971). Manual procedure for direct microassay of serum glucose by use of o-toludine, and its adaptation to the SMA 12-60 auto analyzer. Clinical Chemistry, 17: 1050-1054. Welihinda J. and Karunanayake E.H. (1986). Extra-pancreatic effect of Momordica charantia in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 17: 247-255. WHO (World Health Organization). (2002). Diabetes mellitus fact sheet, Geneva, pp: 138. Wild S., Roglic G. and Green A. (2004). Global prevalence of diabetes. Diabetes Care, 27: 1047-1053. Will J.C. and Byers T. (1990). Does diabetes mellitus increase the requirement for vitamin C? Nutrition Reviews, 54: 193-202. Willekens H., Inze D., Van M.M. and Van C.W. (1995). Catalase in plants. Molecular Breeding, 1: 207-228. www.priyachem.com/effect.html Wybenga D.R., Pileggi V.J., Dirstine P.H. and Di-Giorgio J. (1970). Direct manual determination of serum total cholesterol with a single stable reagent. Clinical Chemistry, 16: 980-984. Xin S.Y. and Zhang Z.Z. (1987). Explant tissue culture and plantlet regeneration of sweet potato. Acta Botanica Sinica, 29(1): 114-116. Yadav J.P., Saini S., Kalia A.N. and Dangi A.S. (2008). Hypoglycemic activity of ethanolic extract of Salvadora oleoides in normal and alloxan induced diabetes rats. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 40(1): 23-27. Yakubu M.T., Akanji M.A. and Oladiji A.T. (2007). Male sexual dysfunction and methods used in assessing medicinal plants with aphrodisiac potentials. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 1(1): 49-56. Yuan C.S. and Bieber E.J. (2002). Textbook of complementary and alternative medicine, Partheson Publishing House, Deodre road, UK. pp: 12. Yusuf A., Rathore T.S. and Shekhawat N.S. (1999). Micropropagation of Commiphera wightii (Arnott) Bhandari- a threatened medicinal plant of semiarid region. Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 12: 371-375. Zheng, J., He J., Ye L.B. and Zhang X. (2007). Antihyperglycemic activity of Prunella vulgaris L. in streptozotocin induced diabetic mice. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 16: 427-431. Zhou T.Y., Luo D.H., Li X.Y. and Luo Y.B. (2009). Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of flavonoids from lotus (Nelumbo nuficera Gaertn) leaf in diabetic mice. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 3: 290-293. Zsolt S. (2010). Biological and technological aspects of micropropagation of Hosta varieties. Ph.D. Thesis submitted to Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest.