100 Years of US Mining Safety and Health
advertisement
100 YEARS of U.S. MINING SAFETY and HEALTH RESEARCH: 1910-2010 1910 CATASTROPHIC MINING EVENTS Fraterville TN 184 dead 1902 Virginia City AL Monongah 112 dead Nos. 6 & 8 Marianna PA 1905 WV 154 dead 362 dead 1908 1907 Hanna No. 1 WY 169 dead 1903 Darr PA 239 dead 1907 Harwick PA 179 dead 1904 1920 Eccles Nos. 5 & 6 WV 181 dead 1914 Stag Canyon No. 2 NM 263 dead 1913 Hastings CO 121 dead 1917 Layland No. 3 Granite Mountain MT WV 163 dead 115 dead Copper 1915 1917 Cherry IL 259 dead 1909 1930 1940 Barnes Hecker MI Milford Argonaut 51 dead MN CA Iron 41 dead 47 dead 1926 Iron Gold Benwood No.6 1924 1922 WV OH 119 dead 82 dead 1924 1930 Mather No. 1 PA Stag Canyon Castle Gate 195 dead No. 1 No. 2 1928 Moweaqua NM UT IL 120 dead 172 dead 54 dead 1923 1924 1932 Pond Creek No. 1 WV 91 dead 1940 Keen Mountain VA 45 dead 1938 Willow Grove No. 10 OH 72 dead 1940 379 360 Sandt's Eddy Quarry PA 31 dead Limestone 1942 Centralia No. 5 IL 111 dead 1947 1960 Orient No. 2 IL 119 dead 1951 Bishop No. 34 WV 37 dead 1957 1970 Robena No. 3 Cane Creek PA UT 37 dead 18 dead 1962 Potash 1963 Bishop No. 34 WV 22 dead 1958 Belle Isle LA 21 dead Salt 1968 1980 Dutch Creek No. 1 CO 15 dead 1981 Scotia KY 26 dead 1976 Hurricane Creek KY 38 dead 1970 1990 Wilberg UT 27 dead 1984 Farmington No. 9 WV 78 dead 1968 Port Griffith PA 12 dead 1959 Sonman PA 63 dead 1940 1,2,3,4 FATALITY RATES (5-year aggregates) per 100,000 FTE employees, 1911-2005 1950 Barnett Complex IL 7 dead Fluorspar Sunshine 1971 ID 91 dead Silver 1972 Belle Isle LA 5 dead Salt 1979 306 213 200 193 145 217 218 Electrically powered ventilation fans introduced 1910 Experimental and safety stations established by USBM 1915 Federal Coal Mine Inspection Act of 1941 U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM) 3 in Department of the Interior (1910-1925) Selfcontained breathing device introduced for mine rescue 1912 1910 Crandall Canyon UT 9 dead 2007 Electric cap lamp approved by USBM 1915 Permissibility established for electric cap lamps 1917 1920 Rock dusting used to reduce explosion risk 1925 Asphyxiation Alma No. 1 WV 2 dead 2006 Flood Darby No. 1 KY 5 dead 2006 Fall of Ground Coal Mine Disaster ALPS ATRS CDC Noncoal Mine Disaster CWHSP Coal Fatality Rate DHHS DOE DOI DOL MERITS MESA 103 82 65 63 Legislative Outcomes 65 67 59 52 SIGNIFICANT SAFETY and HEALTH ADVANCEMENTS Fire Noncoal Fatality Rate 79 Division of Mines and Mining, USGS, Department of the Interior (1904-1910) Explosion 202 138 95 FEDERAL ORGANIZATIONS Quecreek PA 0 dead 2002 Grundy No. 21 TN 13 dead 1981 Sago WV 12 dead 2006 306 229 152 U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM) created by Organic Act 1910 Jim Walter Resources No. 5 AL 13 dead 2001 261 194 USGS Division of Mines and Mining funded by Congress 1904 South Mountain No. 3 VA 8 dead 1992 Solvay WY 1 dead Trona 1995 2010 374 327 240 SIGNIFICANT CONGRESSIONAL RESPONSE Pyro KY 10 dead 1989 2000 L E G E ND Federal safety standards established for bituminous and lignite mines 1947 Federal Coal Mine Safety Act of 1952 USBM transferred to Department of Commerce (1925-1934) 1930 Federal Metal and Nonmetallic Mine Safety Act 1966 Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969 Health surveillance program mandated for underground coal workers (CWHSP) USBM regulatory functions transferred to MESA 1973 Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 41 30 27 USBM closed by Balanced Budget Downpayment Act 1995 MESA in Department of the Interior (1973-1978) 1940 Roof bolting introduced 1948 1950 Machinemounted methane monitor developed 1964 1960 30 27 18 MSHA NIOSH 32 Safety and Health Outcomes 14 MINER Act 2006 USBM health and safety research groups transferred to DOE, 1995 then to DHHS/CDC/ NIOSH 1996 NPPTL USBM USGS C R E DIT S F OOT NOT E S 1. Full-time equivalent employees (2000 hours = 1 FTE). 2. Fatality rates exclude office employees. 3. Sand and gravel miners included starting in 1958. 4. Three-year aggregate data used for 2006-2008. NPPTL created 2001 Fatality data obtained from (1) Historical Statistics of the United States - Colonial Times to 1970 - Part 1, U.S. Department of Commerce and (2) Mine Safety and Health Administration. Photos courtesy of MSHA and NIOSH. http://www.cdc.gov/NIOSH/mining Claire B. Rubin & Associates Arlington, VA 22202 MSHA in Department of Labor (1978 to present) Cabs and Dust Remote Longwall Water canopies standards control shields spray required on and sampling added to introduced technology underground methods mining for superior advanced coal established machines roof control 1980 machinery 1969 1972 1976 1973 Methane drainage Electrical SelfImproved Safer introduced safety contained mine blasting as research fire warning selfagents engineering mitigates rescuers systems control hazards implemented introduced in use 1977 1966 1972 1981 1975 1970 33 P OS T E R P R ODUC T ION Office of Mine Safety and Health Research in DHHS/CDC/NIOSH (1996 to present) Claire B. Rubin, M.A. & Irmak Renda-Tanali, D. Sc. www.disaster-timeline.com USBM returned to Department of the Interior (1934-1995) SoundPermissibility powered established communication for system ventilation introduced fans 1939 1935 Permissibility achieved for coal loading machine 1926 Small Mines Act amended Federal Coal Mine Safety Act 1966 39 45 MINER A C R ONY MS Analysis of Longwall Pillar Stability Automated Temporary Roof Support Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Coal Workers' Health Surveillance Program Department of Health and Human Services Department of Energy Department of the Interior Department of Labor Mine Emergency Response Interactive Training Simulation Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration Mine Improvement and Emergency Response Act Mine Safety and Health Administration National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory U.S. Bureau of Mines U.S. Geological Survey 1980 ALPS ATRS applied required to safer on all pillar roof bolting design machines 1990 1988 Use of engineered Dust control supports technologies surpassed implemented wooden in mineral cribs processing 1992 1988 1990 Human factors research improves health and safety behavior of miners 1999 Survivable Emergency Advanced wireless command noise New rock communication center control dusting and tracking training technologies standards systems simulator introduced established commercialized (MERITS) 2005 2009 2009 released Improved 2002 Personal design Dust Monitor criteria for mine seals commercialized implemented for mine use 2009 2007 2000 2010 Mine Safety and Health Time Line; version 1, Dec. 2009. S P ONS OR Safer • healthier • peopletm
