Q. 1.
You are provided with the following.
- A dry cell 1.5V, new and in a cell holder.
- A voltmeter (Range 0 – 2.5v or 0 – 3.0v)
- An ammeter (Range 0 – 1.0A)
- A constantan wire, W, (SWG 30) mounted on a millimeter scale on a wooden plank.
- 07 connecting wires with at least one with a crocodile clip at one end.
- A micrometer screw gauge.
Proceed as follows:
a) (i) Connect the circuit as shown in the diagram below.
NB: Ensure the circuit is complete before commencing the experiment. The switch K should control
both circuits.
Wire, W,
Calibrated
wooden plank
(b) Starting with the crocodile clip, J, at l=200mm from A, close the switch K and read and record the
voltmeter reading x and record the corresponding ammeter reading, I.
(i) Voltmeter Reading, v = _____________________________
( ½ mk) *TRZ*
(ii) Ammeter Reading, I = ______________________________
( ½ mk) *TRZ*
IMPORTANT
Open the switch, K, when not taking the readings.
c) (i) Repeat the procedure in (b) above for values of l=300, 400, 500, 600 and 700mm.
(ii) Record your results in the table below
Length (AJ) L (mm)
200
300
400
500
600
700
Voltmeter Reading V(v)
Ammeter Reading I(A)
V
(3mks) *TRZ*
I
d) Plot the graph of the voltmeter Reading, v, (vertical axis) against ammeter Reading I. (Use the
scale 1cm to represent 0.1v along y-axis and 1cm to represent 0.05A along x-axis) (4mks) *TRZ*
e) From your graph;
(i) determine the slope, S, of your graph.
(3mks) *TRZ*
(ii) determine e.m.f of the cell.
(1mk) *TRZ*
f) Measure the thickness, t, in metres, of the wire, W,
t= _______________________________
g) Now connect the voltmeter across the wire, W, to enable you obtain a potential drop across any
part length, AJ, of the wire, AB
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(i)
Q.2.
Using the length, AJ, = L = 550mm, close the switch and then read the voltmeter and
corresponding ammeter readings
Voltmeter Reading, V = _____________________________ ½ mk*TRZ*
Ammeter Reading, I = ______________________________ ½ mk*TRZ*
(ii)
Calculate the value of P from
P = 11Vt2
14IL
Where L, v, t and I are quantities obtained above in their SI units.
3mks*TRZ*
(iii) What does the quantity P represent?
1mk*TRZ*
(iv) Sketch the diagram for the set up you have used in (g) above.
2mks*TRZ*
Part 1
You have been provided with the following pieces of apparatus:
- A plain sheet of A4 paper
- A soft board
- Some plasticine
- A plane mirror
- 04 optical pins
- 04 office pins
(You should have your own 15cm ruler, a protractor and a pair of compasses)
Proceed as follows
(a) Fix the plain sheet of paper on the soft board using the office pins near the edges.
(b) Draw a line AB about 15cm long on the sheet of paper. Label the midpoint, N, of AB.
(c) Draw a line CD = 12cm long and perpendicular to AB such that NC = 6cm.
½ mk*TRZ*
Office pin
Plain paper
Soft Board
(d) (i) Mark the points E,F,G, H, J and K such that CE=1.5cm, CF=3.0cm, CG=4.5cm,
CH=6.0cm, CJ = 7.5cm and CK = 9.0cm.
1mk*TRZ*
(ii) Join these points to N and measure the angles, , they make with AB. 3mks*TRZ*
1 = ______________ 2 = ________________ 3 = _____________
4= _______________ 5 = _________________ 6= _____________
e) Erect the mirror, MM1 along the drawn line AB such that the front of the
mirror is on line AB. (Use plasticine to hold the mirror in place and vertical
to the paper)
*TRZ*
f) Fix the pins P1 and P2 on EN and view their images in a straight line with the
eye E.
*TRZ*
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Fix the pins P3 and P4 in a straight line with the images of P1 and P2.
(Mark this positions P1P2P3 and P4 before proceeding with another set of pins.
After this you may use your own labeling to differentiate the different
positions of the set of pins.)
*TRZ*
g) Repeat the procedure (f) above for the lines FN, GN, HN, JN and KN. Each
time labeling the positions of the object pins different from the image tracing
pins as in P3 and P4.
*TRZ*
h) (i) Now remove the mirror and the pins. Join the image Tracing pins pairs to
N as in P4P3 to N.
*TRZ*
(ii) Measure the angles, β, that they make with the lines of incidence produced
eg <P4NQ=β1.
j) Record your results in the table below
Height h(cm)
h
-1
2
h + 36 cm
1.5
3.0
4.5
6.0
7.5
9.0
Angle β0
Sin β0
3mks*TRZ*
along the horizontal
(k) Plot the graph of sin β (along the vertical axis) against h
axis).
h2+ 36
(Use the scale: 2cm on vertical axis to represent 0.1 units and 2cm on horizontal axis to
represent 0.01) cm-1)
4mks*TRZ*
l) Calculate the slope, S, of the graph.
2mks*TRZ*
NB: Hand in the A4 paper used in this experiment together with the answer sheet
attached.
PART II
*TRZ*
You are provided with the following pieces of apparatus
 One 300g mass
 One 250ml beaker (glass)
 One 200ml beaker (plastic) lagged with cotton wool
 A thermometer ( -10 – 1100C)
 Stop watch/clock
 Tripod stand with gauze wire and a source of heat.
 Accessible to hot water
 A piece of strong thread about 30cm long.
Proceed as follows
a) Record the mass M indicated on the metal in kilogrammes.
M = _____________________________ ½ mk*TRZ*
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b) Read and record the room temperature from the thermometer.
Room Temperature, Tr, = ___________________________ ½ mk*TRZ*
c) Tie one end of the piece of thread onto the mass M and immerse it into the hot
water in a glass beaker, about 250cm3, and heat to boiling point.
Thermometer
Plastic
beaker
Stirrer
string
Boiling
water
Metal
mass M
Gauze
wire
Cold water
Metal mass M
Wool lagging
Heat
Tripod stand
d) (i) Meanwhile measure out 150cm3 of cold water and pour it into a 200ml plastic
beaker lagged with cotton wool.
(ii) Read and record the temperature, Tc, of the cold water.
Tc = _____________________________________
½ mk*TRZ*
(e) After the water has boiled for about 5 – 10 minutes, take the temperature of the
boiling water and mass M. Read and record.
T b = __________________________________
½ mk*TRZ*
(f) (i) Carefully transfer the metal piece from the boiling water into the cold water in
the lagged beaker. Immediately start the stop watch as you gently stir the contents for
seven (07) minutes.
(The thermometer must be continually in the cold water in the beaker with the metal
M)
(ii) Read and record the final temperature Tf of the contents at the end of 7 minutes.
Tf = _______________________________
1mk*TRZ*
(g) Find the value of the loss of heat from the equation.
Q = 1.7 x 103Ms, where s = 1.429.
4mks*TRZ*
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