Verdict of Coroner’s Jury
Verdict du jury du coroner
Office of the
Chief Coroner
Bureau du
coroner en chef
The Coroners Act – Province of Ontario
Loi sur les coroners – Province de l’Ontario
We the undersigned / Nous soussignés,
of / de
of / de
of / de
of / de
of / de
the jury serving on the inquest into the death(s) of / membres dûment assermentés du jury à l’enquête sur le décès de :
Surname / Nom de famille
Given Names / Prénoms
ANDERSON
Jethro
aged
à l’âge de
from the
du
By
Par
15
held at
tenue à
Thunder Bay
5th of October, 2015
Dr. / Dr
to the
au
, Ontario
28th of June
20
David EDEN
16
Coroner for Ontario
coroner pour l’Ontario
having been duly sworn/affirmed, have inquired into and determined the following:
avons fait enquête dans l’affaire et avons conclu ce qui suit :
Name of Deceased / Nom du défunt
Jethro ANDERSON
Date and Time of Death / Date et heure du décès
November 11, 2000
Place of Death / Lieu du décès
Kaministiquia River, Thunder Bay
Cause of Death / Cause du décès
Drowning
By what means / Circonstances du décès
Undetermined
Original signed by: Foreman / Original signé par : Président du jury
Original signed by jurors / Original signé par les jurés
The verdict was received on the
Ce verdict a été reçu le
28
day of
June
(Day / Jour)
20
16
(Month / Mois)
Coroner’s Name (Please print) / Nom du coroner (en lettres moulées)
Date Signed (yyyy/mm/dd) / Date de la signature (aaaa/mm/dd)
Dr. David EDEN
2016/06/28
Coroner’s Signature / Signature du coroner
0135 (2010/06)
© Queen's Printer for Ontario, 2010 / © Imprimeur de la Reine pour l’Ontario, 2010
Verdict of Coroner’s Jury
Verdict du jury du coroner
Office of the
Chief Coroner
Bureau du
coroner en chef
The Coroners Act – Province of Ontario
Loi sur les coroners – Province de l’Ontario
We the undersigned / Nous soussignés,
of / de
of / de
of / de
of / de
of / de
the jury serving on the inquest into the death(s) of / membres dûment assermentés du jury à l’enquête sur le décès de :
Surname / Nom de famille
Given Names / Prénoms
STRANG
Curran
aged
à l’âge de
held at
tenue à
Thunder Bay
5th of October, 2015
from the
du
By
Par
18
Dr. / Dr
to the
au
, Ontario
28th of June
20
David EDEN
16
Coroner for Ontario
coroner pour l’Ontario
having been duly sworn/affirmed, have inquired into and determined the following:
avons fait enquête dans l’affaire et avons conclu ce qui suit :
Name of Deceased / Nom du défunt
Curran STRANG
Date and Time of Death / Date et heure du décès
September 26, 2005
Place of Death / Lieu du décès
McIntyre River, Thunder Bay
Cause of Death / Cause du décès
Drowning, with Ethanol Intoxication
By what means / Circonstances du décès
Accident
Original signed by: Foreman / Original signé par : Président du jury
Original signed by jurors / Original signé par les jurés
The verdict was received on the
Ce verdict a été reçu le
28
day of
June
(Day / Jour)
20
16
(Month / Mois)
Coroner’s Name (Please print) / Nom du coroner (en lettres moulées)
Date Signed (yyyy/mm/dd) / Date de la signature (aaaa/mm/dd)
Dr. David EDEN
2016/06/28
Coroner’s Signature / Signature du coroner
0135 (2010/06)
© Queen's Printer for Ontario, 2010 / © Imprimeur de la Reine pour l’Ontario, 2010
Verdict of Coroner’s Jury
Verdict du jury du coroner
Office of the
Chief Coroner
Bureau du
coroner en chef
The Coroners Act – Province of Ontario
Loi sur les coroners – Province de l’Ontario
We the undersigned / Nous soussignés,
of / de
of / de
of / de
of / de
of / de
the jury serving on the inquest into the death(s) of / membres dûment assermentés du jury à l’enquête sur le décès de :
Surname / Nom de famille
Given Names / Prénoms
PANACHEESE
Paul
aged
à l’âge de
from the
du
By
Par
21
held at
tenue à
Thunder Bay
5th of October, 2015
Dr. / Dr
to the
au
, Ontario
28th of June
20
David EDEN
16
Coroner for Ontario
coroner pour l’Ontario
having been duly sworn/affirmed, have inquired into and determined the following:
avons fait enquête dans l’affaire et avons conclu ce qui suit :
Name of Deceased / Nom du défunt
Paul PANACHEESE
Date and Time of Death / Date et heure du décès
November 11, 2006
Place of Death / Lieu du décès
Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre
Cause of Death / Cause du décès
No Anatomical or Toxicological Cause of Death
By what means / Circonstances du décès
Undetermined
Original signed by: Foreman / Original signé par : Président du jury
Original signed by jurors / Original signé par les jurés
The verdict was received on the
Ce verdict a été reçu le
28
day of
June
(Day / Jour)
20
16
(Month / Mois)
Coroner’s Name (Please print) / Nom du coroner (en lettres moulées)
Date Signed (yyyy/mm/dd) / Date de la signature (aaaa/mm/dd)
Dr. David EDEN
2016/06/28
Coroner’s Signature / Signature du coroner
0135 (2010/06)
© Queen's Printer for Ontario, 2010 / © Imprimeur de la Reine pour l’Ontario, 2010
Verdict of Coroner’s Jury
Verdict du jury du coroner
Office of the
Chief Coroner
Bureau du
coroner en chef
The Coroners Act – Province of Ontario
Loi sur les coroners – Province de l’Ontario
We the undersigned / Nous soussignés,
of / de
of / de
of / de
of / de
of / de
the jury serving on the inquest into the death(s) of / membres dûment assermentés du jury à l’enquête sur le décès de :
Surname / Nom de famille
Given Names / Prénoms
HARPER
Robyn
aged
à l’âge de
held at
tenue à
Thunder Bay
5th of October, 2015
from the
du
By
Par
18
Dr. / Dr
to the
au
, Ontario
28th of June
20
David EDEN
16
Coroner for Ontario
coroner pour l’Ontario
having been duly sworn/affirmed, have inquired into and determined the following:
avons fait enquête dans l’affaire et avons conclu ce qui suit :
Name of Deceased / Nom du défunt
Robyn HARPER
Date and Time of Death / Date et heure du décès
January 13, 2007
Place of Death / Lieu du décès
366 County Blvd, Thunder Bay
Cause of Death / Cause du décès
Acute Ethanol Toxicity
By what means / Circonstances du décès
Accident
Original signed by: Foreman / Original signé par : Président du jury
Original signed by jurors / Original signé par les jurés
The verdict was received on the
Ce verdict a été reçu le
28
day of
June
(Day / Jour)
20
16
(Month / Mois)
Coroner’s Name (Please print) / Nom du coroner (en lettres moulées)
Date Signed (yyyy/mm/dd) / Date de la signature (aaaa/mm/dd)
Dr. David EDEN
2016/06/28
Coroner’s Signature / Signature du coroner
0135 (2010/06)
© Queen's Printer for Ontario, 2010 / © Imprimeur de la Reine pour l’Ontario, 2010
Verdict of Coroner’s Jury
Verdict du jury du coroner
Office of the
Chief Coroner
Bureau du
coroner en chef
The Coroners Act – Province of Ontario
Loi sur les coroners – Province de l’Ontario
We the undersigned / Nous soussignés,
of / de
of / de
of / de
of / de
of / de
the jury serving on the inquest into the death(s) of / membres dûment assermentés du jury à l’enquête sur le décès de :
Surname / Nom de famille
Given Names / Prénoms
BUSHIE
Reggie
aged
à l’âge de
held at
tenue à
Thunder Bay
5th of October, 2015
from the
du
By
Par
15
Dr. / Dr
to the
au
, Ontario
28th of June
20
David EDEN
16
Coroner for Ontario
coroner pour l’Ontario
having been duly sworn/affirmed, have inquired into and determined the following:
avons fait enquête dans l’affaire et avons conclu ce qui suit :
Name of Deceased / Nom du défunt
Reggie BUSHIE
Date and Time of Death / Date et heure du décès
November 1, 2007
Place of Death / Lieu du décès
McIntyre River, Thunder Bay
Cause of Death / Cause du décès
Drowning, with Ethanol Intoxication
By what means / Circonstances du décès
Accident
Original signed by: Foreman / Original signé par : Président du jury
Original signed by jurors / Original signé par les jurés
The verdict was received on the
Ce verdict a été reçu le
28
day of
June
(Day / Jour)
20
16
(Month / Mois)
Coroner’s Name (Please print) / Nom du coroner (en lettres moulées)
Date Signed (yyyy/mm/dd) / Date de la signature (aaaa/mm/dd)
Dr. David EDEN
2016/06/28
Coroner’s Signature / Signature du coroner
0135 (2010/06)
© Queen's Printer for Ontario, 2010 / © Imprimeur de la Reine pour l’Ontario, 2010
Verdict of Coroner’s Jury
Verdict du jury du coroner
Office of the
Chief Coroner
Bureau du
coroner en chef
The Coroners Act – Province of Ontario
Loi sur les coroners – Province de l’Ontario
We the undersigned / Nous soussignés,
of / de
of / de
of / de
of / de
of / de
the jury serving on the inquest into the death(s) of / membres dûment assermentés du jury à l’enquête sur le décès de :
Surname / Nom de famille
Given Names / Prénoms
MORRISSEAU
Kyle
aged
à l’âge de
from the
du
By
Par
17
held at
tenue à
Thunder Bay
5th of October, 2015
Dr. / Dr
to the
au
, Ontario
28th of June
20
David EDEN
16
Coroner for Ontario
coroner pour l’Ontario
having been duly sworn/affirmed, have inquired into and determined the following:
avons fait enquête dans l’affaire et avons conclu ce qui suit :
Name of Deceased / Nom du défunt
Kyle MORRISSEAU
Date and Time of Death / Date et heure du décès
November 10, 2009
Place of Death / Lieu du décès
McIntyre River, Thunder Bay
Cause of Death / Cause du décès
Drowning, with Ethanol Intoxication
By what means / Circonstances du décès
Undetermined
Original signed by: Foreman / Original signé par : Président du jury
Original signed by jurors / Original signé par les jurés
The verdict was received on the
Ce verdict a été reçu le
28
day of
June
(Day / Jour)
20
16
(Month / Mois)
Coroner’s Name (Please print) / Nom du coroner (en lettres moulées)
Date Signed (yyyy/mm/dd) / Date de la signature (aaaa/mm/dd)
Dr. David EDEN
2016/06/28
Coroner’s Signature / Signature du coroner
0135 (2010/06)
© Queen's Printer for Ontario, 2010 / © Imprimeur de la Reine pour l’Ontario, 2010
Verdict of Coroner’s Jury
Verdict du jury du coroner
Office of the
Chief Coroner
Bureau du
coroner en chef
The Coroners Act – Province of Ontario
Loi sur les coroners – Province de l’Ontario
We the undersigned / Nous soussignés,
of / de
of / de
of / de
of / de
of / de
the jury serving on the inquest into the death(s) of / membres dûment assermentés du jury à l’enquête sur le décès de :
Surname / Nom de famille
Given Names / Prénoms
WABASSE
Jordan
aged
à l’âge de
from the
du
By
Par
15
held at
tenue à
Thunder Bay
5th of October, 2015
Dr. / Dr
to the
au
, Ontario
28th of June
20
David EDEN
16
Coroner for Ontario
coroner pour l’Ontario
having been duly sworn/affirmed, have inquired into and determined the following:
avons fait enquête dans l’affaire et avons conclu ce qui suit :
Name of Deceased / Nom du défunt
Jordan WABASSE
Date and Time of Death / Date et heure du décès
May 10, 2011
Place of Death / Lieu du décès
Kaministiquia River, Thunder Bay
Cause of Death / Cause du décès
Drowning
By what means / Circonstances du décès
Undetermined
Original signed by: Foreman / Original signé par : Président du jury
Original signed by jurors / Original signé par les jurés
The verdict was received on the
Ce verdict a été reçu le
28
day of
June
(Day / Jour)
20
16
(Month / Mois)
Coroner’s Name (Please print) / Nom du coroner (en lettres moulées)
Date Signed (yyyy/mm/dd) / Date de la signature (aaaa/mm/dd)
Dr. David EDEN
2016/06/28
Coroner’s Signature / Signature du coroner
0135 (2010/06)
© Queen's Printer for Ontario, 2010 / © Imprimeur de la Reine pour l’Ontario, 2010
Recommendations
Table of Contents
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
XIV.
XV.
XVI.
XVII.
XVIII.
I.
General
Reconciliation: Principles of Interpretation
Education: Structural Issues
Education: On-Reserve
Education System and Symposium
Living Conditions and Health Issues: On-Reserve
Assisting On-Reserve Students for Transition to Outside Communities
Youth Participation in Decisions
Education: Off-Reserve
Missing Person Investigations and Searches
Stand-Alone Missing Person Legislation
Protocol for Volunteer Community Searches
Other Investigation/Police Issues
Other Recommendations to Assist First Nations Students in Thunder Bay
Other Recommendations to Foster Greater Collaboration and Partnerships
Implementation of Recommendations in the Spirit of the Truth and Reconciliation
Commission’s Calls to Action
Shannen’s Dream
Recommendation Follow-Ups
General
To: Ontario
1. In order to ensure transparency in this process, we recommend that the verdict
and verdict explanation be translated into Cree, Ojibway and Oji-Cree and be
easily accessible to the citizens of Nishnawbe Aski Nation (“NAN”).
2. In order to commemorate the lives of Jethro Anderson, Curran Strang, Paul
Panacheese, Robyn Harper, Reggie Bushie, Kyle Morrisseau and Jordan
Wabasse, work with the families of the seven youths, students and former
students of Dennis Franklin Cromarty High School (“DFCHS”) and the Matawa
Learning Centre (“MLC”), and other interested parties to develop a memorial in
their honour.
1
To: Canada and Ontario
3. The terms “on-reserve” and “off-reserve” should not be a restriction for any First
Nation education and health care funding frameworks.
4. To renew the relationship between Canada and Indigenous Peoples, nation-tonation, Canada and Ontario should follow the priorities outlined in the letter
(exhibit 144) to the Honorable Carolyn Bennett by the Right Honorable Justin
Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada.
To: Canada, Ontario and NAN
5. No student should be denied access to a provincial or First Nations high school
program for lack of space or supported living arrangements.
To: Canada, Ontario, Northern Nishnawbe Education Council (“NNEC”),
Keewatinook Okimakanak (“KO”) and MLC
6. In order to commemorate the lives of Jethro Anderson, Curran Strang, Paul
Panacheese, Robyn Harper, Reggie Bushie, Kyle Morrisseau and Jordan
Wabasse, and in consultation with their families, memorial scholarships should
be awarded to students in high school who excel at the talents in which the
seven youths were gifted.
II.
Reconciliation: Principles of Interpretation
To: Canada, Ontario, the City of Thunder Bay, Thunder Bay Police Service, NAN,
NNEC, KO, DFCHS and MLC
7. In moving forward with any initiatives that respond to the Inquest
recommendations, the parties should be guided by the following statements:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
All of the Treaty Partners, including Indigenous communities and
governments, Canada and Ontario, must respect the treaty rights of
others and work together towards fulfilling treaty obligations;
First Nations governments exercise inherent control over their education
systems;
First Nation communities seek to have greater responsibility to govern
their own spiritual, cultural, social, and economic affairs;
Without the improvement of conditions in First Nations reserve
communities, a gap in education outcomes between Indigenous and nonIndigenous students will remain;
2
v.
vi.
III.
Canada should support individual First Nations communities as they
develop local solutions to the effects of colonial policy; and
In order to ensure timely delivery of publicly funded services to First
Nations children, where jurisdictional divisions or disputes within or
between governments threaten to delay or impede the provision of
services, Jordan’s Principle should apply.
Education: Structural Issues
To: Canada
8. In order to achieve equity for First Nations students, provide funding for
education (on and off-reserve) that is sufficient to ensure that:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
First Nations schools on and off-reserve can provide the full range of
programs and services that are available to non-Indigenous children in
Ontario, including new and innovative programs and services;
First Nations schools on and off-reserve can provide additional programs
and services required as a result of the unique circumstances and
challenges faced by First Nations students, their schools and their
communities;
the gap between educational outcomes for First Nations students and
non-Indigenous students is substantially reduced every year, and
completely eliminated in 10 years so that the next generation of First
Nations children will have the same educational advantages as other
children in Canada;
First Nations students from remote communities receive the same
educational advantages as other children in Canada regardless of where
they are born, where their families choose to reside, and whether they
attend school away from their home communities; and
all education decisions regarding First Nations children are made with the
best interests of those children in mind.
9. In order to improve education outcomes of First Nations youth, in consultation
with First Nations education providers, provide sufficient funding and necessary
resources to ensure that First Nations schools are able to:
i.
ii.
develop and implement culturally appropriate curricula and programs.
Staff hired for these programs should include on-site Elders; cultural and
traditional land-based teachers; and after-school activity co-ordinators;
develop and implement languages curricula and programs (including
individual courses and full/partial immersion);
3
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.
x.
xi.
assess and identify students with special education needs and provide
the necessary supports to those students including, but not limited to,
speech and language therapy; occupational and physical therapy;
ensure the safe transportation of students to and from school;
create and implement safe school protocols;
decrease absenteeism by hiring a community-school liaison worker or
having a community Elder attend at the homes of absent students to
reinforce the importance of attending school and to encourage students
and their families to make all efforts to attend school on a regular basis;
increase capacity in new and existing First Nation education institutions;
analyze current and historical education data as provided by First Nations
and organizations designated by First Nations;
address and overcome the unique challenges facing First Nations
students, schools, and communities (e.g. socio-economic disadvantage,
remoteness and isolation, small school size, special needs incidence
rates, population growth, etc.);
assess needs, develop estimates of cost, and develop processes for
adjusting those costs over time to keep pace with inflation, education best
practices and changes in legislation and student need; and
educate students on the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the
Child, the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous
Peoples, then work of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and
Treaty Rights to strengthen the knowledge of students regarding their
rights and protections.
10. In order to encourage early progress on structural reforms, Canada should
immediately and publically commit to the funding criteria listed in
recommendations 8 and 9 above, and incorporate that criteria into policy
documents prior to March 31, 2017 (ie: the next fiscal year), including the Terms
and Conditions and National Program Guidelines for the First Nations education
programs.
11. In order to ensure sufficient and stable funding for First Nations education,
Canada and First Nations should jointly develop a new and fully transparent
funding framework for First Nations education that is based on actual student
needs and that ensures that recommendations 8 and 9 are achieved. Canada
should provide funding for First Nations to participate as an equal partner in the
development and ongoing assessment of this new funding framework.
12. In order to remove impediments to sound planning and budgeting Canada
should ensure that funding under the new framework will be provided via a stable
and predictable mechanism that allows for long term strategic planning and
discretionary decision making. Canada should cease the practice of providing
4
funding for core or ongoing activities, services and expenses (e.g. salaries,
travel, etc.) through proposal based funding.
13. In order to ensure timely implementation of Recommendations 8 through
12, Canada should establish a joint First Nations working group that will
determine agreed upon milestones and timelines such that a new funding
framework and performance measurement and reporting protocol can be
established within one year from the date of these recommendations.
14. In order to promote funding sufficiency, Canada should fund an assessment of
the financial cost of fully and adequately funding First Nations education,
including the cost of achieving the above recommendations. Canada should
provide funding for First Nations to participate as an equal partner in this needs
assessment process. This assessment should be updated on a yearly basis in
sufficient time for its results to be included in the federal budget. The assessment
should be developed through a transparent process and the final report made
public.
15. Newly developed policies, as well as existing policies/procedures amended as a
result of this inquest, should be reviewed annually to prevent equity and equality
gaps in education, health and living conditions.
Access to Funding, Programs and Services
To: Canada
16. Establish and fund a Federal Advocate for First Nations Children and Youth to
monitor the progress toward closing the outcome gaps between First Nations
children and non-Indigenous children in areas such as education, health,
economic well-being and social services and to report directly to Parliament on
this progress on an annual basis. The office should also be mandated to assist
First Nations in identifying and accessing programs, funding and services. In
response to a request, a complaint, or on its own initiative, the Federal Advocate
would act on behalf of concerns of Indigenous individuals, families, communities,
or organizations and could initiate reviews, make recommendations, and provide
advice to governments, facilities, systems, agencies, or service providers.
5
To: Ontario
17. Work with Indigenous individuals, families, communities or organizations on
identifying and, where appropriate, creating points of contact within the Ontario
government to assist Indigenous communities in identifying and accessing
Ontario programs, funding and services.
Programs and Services for First Nations Children and Families – Structural
Issues
Pre-School Early Childhood Education
To: Canada
18. Canada should develop and fund a program that will ensure that all First Nations
pre-school age children have access to early childhood education programs to
further their physical, social, emotional, spiritual, and cognitive development and
to prepare them for kindergarten. Canada should develop this program jointly
with First Nations and should provide funding for First Nations to participate in
the development and ongoing assessment of the program as an equal partner.
Traditional Activities
To: Canada
19. Canada should fund and develop a program that will ensure that all First Nations
children and youth have access to a robust offering of high-quality cultural and
traditional activities and knowledge. These offerings should focus on developing
important values such as self-esteem, cultural pride, resiliency, and leadership.
Canada should develop this program jointly with First Nations (including youth
and Elders) and should provide funding for First Nations to participate in the
development and ongoing assessment of the program as an equal partner. The
program should ensure comprehensive access for all First Nations children
regardless of the communities they live in or the financial means of their parents.
Other Extra-Curricular Activities
To: Canada
20. Canada should fund and develop a program that will ensure that all First Nations
children and youth have access to a robust offering of high-quality extracurricular activities including traditional, cultural, recreational, academic, artistic,
and athletic activities. The extra-curricular offerings should focus on developing
6
important values such as self-esteem, cultural pride, resiliency, and leadership.
Canada should develop this program jointly with First Nations (including youth
and Elders) and should provide funding for First Nations to participate in the
development and ongoing assessment of the program as an equal partner. The
program should ensure comprehensive access for all First Nations children
regardless of the communities they live in or the financial means of their parents.
To: Canada and NAN
21. Canada should provide funding for NAN to develop a program for youth to
receive leadership training so that they can run summer, evening and weekend
activities for their peers.
Putting Children First
To: Canada and Ontario
22. Canada and Ontario should agree to the following principle: Where jurisdictional
divisions within or between governments threaten to delay or impede the
provision of services or funding for First Nations children that are available to
other Canadian children, the federal or provincial government of first contact
should provide the services or funding and may seek reimbursement after the
fact. The services or funding should be provided without delay such that First
Nations children, and the organizations that serve First Nations children, do not
need to wait for the jurisdictional issue to be resolved.
23. This principle should be applied to gaps in services and funding faced by the
Northern Nishnawbe Education Council, such as operations and maintenance
funding for its off-reserve schools, tuition for First Nations students living offreserve, and so on.
Social Determinants of Health
To: Canada
24. Canada and First Nations should develop and implement a comprehensive and
holistic plan to close the outcome gaps between First Nations people and other
Canadians. Canada should provide funding for First Nations to participate as an
equal partner in the development and implementation of this plan, including
through the participation of First Nations youth and Elders. The plan should
involve the following elements:
7
i.
The identification of outcome gaps in areas such as health, economic
wellbeing, social services, living conditions, and so on;
The establishment of publically reported targets and timelines for the
elimination of those gaps;
Annual reports to Parliament on the achievement of the targets and
timelines for the elimination of health, economic, wellbeing, living
conditions and social services gaps;
The development of new funding mechanisms for programs for First
Nations that are transparent and based on robust assessments of needs;
The provision of sufficient funding to implement the plan in the various
program areas and to ensure that the targets and timelines are met;
The enactment of a statutory guarantee of funding sufficiency;
A program to measure and report on progress in meeting those targets
and to revise the plan if targets and not being met; and
A review of social programs in communities in other countries facing
similar circumstances (e.g. socio-economic disadvantage, small
communities, dispersed and isolated communities, distinct culture, etc.) to
determine best practices regarding the framework and structure for
program delivery.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
IV.
Education – on reserve
i.
Specific Funding Needs
To: Canada
25. In order to provide the foundation required to achieve better education
outcomes, subject to the plans, priorities and needs of each First Nation
community in NAN territory, provide additional core funding to expand existing
facilities or build new facilities (and thereafter to maintain and operate those
facilities) for the purpose of housing the following educational/instructional
services sufficient for a growing population:
i.
ii.
a day care program/early childhood education program/drop-in program
for all pre-school age children in the community. This facility should be
designed and built to further the physical, social, emotional, spiritual and
cognitive development of the children and to prepare them for
kindergarten;
an elementary school for all children in JK to grade 8 in the community.
This facility should be designed and built to further the physical, social,
emotional, spiritual and cognitive development of the children and to
prepare them for high school. It should also be designed and built to
accommodate extra-curricular activities that include traditional, cultural,
recreational, academic, artistic and athletic activities;
8
iii.
iv.
v.
a high school for all children grades 9-12 in the community. This facility
should be designed and built to further the physical, social, emotional,
spiritual and cognitive development of the children and to prepare them for
post-secondary education. It should also be designed and built to
accommodate extra-curricular activities that include traditional, cultural,
recreational, academic, artistic and athletic activities;
an adult learning centre for adults in the community who wish to complete
their high school diploma; and
should ensure that all existing facilities and all new facilities meet the
needs of individuals with barriers to accessibility.
26. In order to recruit teachers and encourage them to remain in First Nation
communities and build lasting relationships with students, provide funding
to:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
construct, enlarge, refurbish (as required), and maintain living
accommodation for teachers and other professionals;
ensure all professional accommodations have adequate space to
accommodate the staff that will be required for the growing population of
the communities and the projected population growth in the coming years;
develop programs to increase the number of on-reserve teachers who are
local First Nations community members through:
a. financial assistance to those seeking education and training as
teachers;
b. initiatives to encourage First Nations people to become teachers;
and
c. initiatives to specifically seek out, train, and recruit First Nations
people as teachers;
support schools in NAN Territory to provide salaries, pension, benefits,
compensation and overall remuneration of teachers, principals,
administrators, and education staff at a level on par with their provincial
counterparts;
provide all teachers on-reserve with access to the Teach for Canada
program; and
provide isolation pay for teacher retention on remote reserves to help with
the high cost of living.
27. In order to provide healthy learning environments that encourage
attendance and participation by students, provide funding to:
i. ensure that all education facilities have reliable and sufficient sources of
heat, potable water; and sanitation;
ii. ensure that education facilities have adequate internet bandwidth to
support full access to all available on-line learning for all learners;
9
iii. ensure that the education facilities include a kitchen capable of producing
three (3) hot meals a day for all of the learners, teachers and staff housed
in the facilities and for the parents/caregivers who bring their children to
the facilities for educational purposes; and
iv. offer all learners access to well-equipped:
a. gymnasium(s);
b. exercise space;
c. computer labs;
d. libraries;
e. music rooms;
f. art rooms;
g. drama classes;
h. special education classes;
i. science labs (as appropriate);
j. spaces for traditional, cultural activities;
k. spaces for Elders;
l. purpose built space for social workers, youth workers, addiction
counsellors, and activity coordinators;
m. general purpose classrooms; and
n. spaces large enough to host graduation celebrations and other
education-related celebrations for the community.
28. Commencing in 2017, the facility goals set out above should be achieved for a
predetermined number of First Nation communities in NAN territory based on
priority needs, and an equal number of communities each year thereafter until all
of the communities in NAN territory have achieved their facility goals.
To: Canada and Ontario
29. Each remote First Nation community should be provided with reliable high speed
internet access to allow for youth to:
i.
receive high school education at home;
ii.
community and family connectivity when youth are away from home for
school or for other reasons; and
iii.
career options for youth and their families within their communities.
ii.
Timeline and Implementation Plan
To: Canada
30. In order to show its commitment to the implementation of
Recommendations 25 through 29, issue a public announcement after the
verdict regarding that commitment, and consider incorporating the criteria set out
10
in the recommendations in documents relating to First Nations education
programs, including the National Education Program Guidelines.
31. In order to ensure timely implementation of Recommendations 25 through
29, the joint First Nations working group, as described in Recommendation 13,
should develop agreed upon milestones and timelines such that a performance
measurement and reporting protocol can be established within one year from the
date of these recommendations.
To: Canada and Ontario
32. Provide resources through the Education Partnerships Program (“EPP”) or
another source to establish a First Nation working group in Thunder Bay, Ontario,
composed of First Nation education experts who will provide their expertise to
assist NAN, the Tribal Councils and the First Nations in NAN territory in
conducting the following assessments:
i.
an assessment of the current educational achievement gap in NAN
territory;
an assessment of the educational programs and secondary services that
would be required to close the educational achievement gap in NAN
territory within one generation;
an assessment of the amount of resources required to create and
implement the educational programs and services required to close the
educational achievement gap in NAN territory within one generation;
an assessment of the feasibility and mechanism for the creation of a
database that would collect and store information related to education in
NAN territory.
ii.
iii.
iv.
V.
Education System and Symposium
To: Canada and NAN
33. In order to optimize opportunities to increase awareness on the
development of a NAN-wide education system:
i.
ii.
hold a conference within 6 months of receipt of this verdict for First
Nations communities in NAN territory; and
discuss innovations in First Nation education at the regular Chiefs
Assemblies.
11
VI.
Living Conditions and Health Issues – On-Reserve
To: Canada
34. In order to address and improve social determinants of health, provide
sufficient funding:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
for the building and upgrading/repair of sufficient housing units suitable to
the conditions in Northern communities that will address the critical
housing shortage and overcrowding that exists in NAN First Nations;
to review the current water treatment systems in individual communities
and identify the need for any upgrades to ensure that NAN First Nations
community members have access to safe, healthy, potable water,
immediately and in the future. Funding for the projected improvements to
the water treatment systems should be provided by Indigenous and
Northern Affairs Canada (“INAC”);
to review the wastewater systems in individual communities and identify
the need for any upgrades to ensure that NAN First Nations community
members have access to a safe, healthy sewage disposal system in the
future that will not compromise the First Nation’s drinking water supply.
Funding for the projected improvements to the wastewater system should
be provided by INAC;
to develop an antipoverty strategy for NAN First Nations community
members, and to assist individual First Nations in creating economic
opportunity that emphasizes self-reliance, local control, and the
relationship between the people and the land; and
to develop a sustainable funding framework and plan to address housing
needs into the future, based upon population growth expectations. This
framework should include a budget for on-going housing maintenance.
To: Canada, Ontario and NAN
35. In order to achieve parity of services, community health and safety, and
quality of life as between First Nation and non-First Nation communities,
develop a method for measuring and establishing equivalence in health
outcomes and services between NAN communities and non-First Nation
communities. The unique characteristics of remote NAN communities should be
addressed.
36. In consultation with youth and Elders commencing in 2016, develop a suicide
prevention strategy to address the continuing inter-generational suicide trauma
experienced by children and youth in the remote NAN First Nation communities.
The federal and provincial government should fund the strategy development and
implementation.
12
To: Canada and Ontario
37. Assist NAN First Nation communities in the development of a comprehensive
Mental Health program for children, youth and adults. This program should
consider the need for integrated mental health services including models which
incorporate traditional practices as defined by the individual First Nation.
To: Ontario
38. Work with the Federal government and First Nations to improve consistency,
enhance coordination, and increase resources to support mental health and
wellness, including programs on-reserve.
39. Review and revise the Ontario Public Health Standards where appropriate
and/or develop guidance documents to support the interpretation of the Ontario
Public Health Standards, with regard to the provision of services in First Nations
communities. These documents should be made available to the people living in
First Nations communities.
Addressing Youth Substance Abuse Issues On-reserve
To: Canada, Ontario and NAN
40. In order to raise awareness among youth regarding issues relating to
alcohol/substance misuse, through Health Canada, the Ministry of Health and
Long-term Care, the Ministry of Finance, the Liquor Control Board of Ontario, and
others, develop and deliver health promotion materials aimed at educating
Indigenous youth on-reserve regarding the consequences of alcohol/substance
misuse.
To: Canada and Ontario
41. In order to assist First Nations youth in all First Nation communities dealing
with addiction issues, address the need for more comprehensive addictions
programs by:
i.
ii.
iii.
developing detoxification programs;
funding a culturally-based treatment program and facility that would utilize
Elders; and
funding aftercare programs for youth leaving addictions treatment
programs.
13
To: Canada
42. In order to respond to the ongoing issue of substance and alcohol misuse
in First Nations communities, increase funding to the National Native Alcohol
and Drug Abuse Program (“NNADAP”).
VII.
Assisting on-reserve students for transition to outside communities
To: Canada and Ontario
43. In order to provide an opportunity for students from remote First Nations
communities to meet with their Thunder Bay peers and to be introduced to
the City of Thunder Bay in a positive, supervised environment, provide
sufficient funding to ensure that grade 7 and 8 students from First Nation
communities are able to be part of classroom learning or orientation sessions in
Thunder Bay so that they and their families can familiarize themselves with the
schools and the community prior to beginning high school away from home.
To: Canada, Ontario and NAN
44. In order to allow students and parents
regarding the school options available to
with First Nations education providers and
comprehensive information package, funded
include the following information:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.
to make an informed choice
them off-reserve, in consultation
public school boards, develop a
by Canada and Ontario, that will
description of schools, including curriculum, student base, and staffing;
limitations regarding programs offered, including availability of academic
stream courses;
accommodation arrangements while residing away from the home
community;
travel allowances while residing away from the home community;
after-school activities and recreational resources;
community supports;
availability of supports for students with special needs;
other supports available, including guidance counsellors, nursing staff,
social workers, mental health workers, alcohol/drug programs, addiction
counsellors; and
contact information, including links to websites and videos, to provide
easily accessible information to students, families and their communities
14
To: Canada
45. In order to ensure that representatives from First Nations schools,
including DFCHS and MLC, are provided with sufficient time and resources
to meet with prospective students and their parents, in consultation with
representatives from the schools, NNEC, KO, and MLC, determine the following:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
frequency and appropriate timing for representatives to attend remote
communities;
time required to meet directly with schools, students, parents, and
Education Authorities;
appropriate composition of representatives, including students enrolled in
off-reserve schools; and
funding and associated expenses for required travel to remote
communities to meet with students and families.
46. In order to ensure the needs of students required to attend school offreserve are identified and addressed while residing away from their home
communities, in consultation with First Nations Health Authorities or health
providers, ensure funding and resources are provided to conduct comprehensive
assessments of all students prior to leaving their home communities. The
assessments will be conducted with a view to balancing the safety and well-being
of the students with their privacy interests. NNEC, KO, and MLC representatives
should be very clear with students, families, schools and education authorities
that the information is being gathered to ensure the safety and necessary
supports are in place prior to the student’s arrival for their success in high school
– not as a basis for denying the student access to an education. Students who
do not consent to the testing will not be denied access to schooling offreserve. The assessments will:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
include physical, psychological and emotional assessments;
identify any substance or alcohol issues;
be shared, with the school, subject to appropriate consent, the nature of
the information, and the role of the worker with access to the information
(i.e. physician or nurse, vs. prime worker); and
funding for these assessments should commence for the 2016-2017
school year.
To: NAN
47. In order to ensure that consistent information is being provided to remote
communities regarding education off-reserve and the issues raised at this
inquest, organize a meeting to be attended by NAN community education
representatives to discuss the following:
15
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
expansion of the role of education counsellors to include secondary
school;
importance of education counsellors attending schools off-reserve to
observe progress of students from remote First Nations communities;
purpose and importance of comprehensive assessments of students prior
to leaving home communities; and
purpose and importance of information requested on student application
forms.
To: Nishnawbe Aski Police Service (NAPS) and the Thunder Bay Police Service
(TBPS)
48. In order to establish positive relationships with students from remote First
Nations communities continue to pursue and expand the joint “Grade 8 Visit
Program” initiative that will enable officers from the TBPS to travel with members
of NAPS to remote communities in the spring and summer months of 2016 to
meet grade 8 students who will be coming to Thunder Bay as students in the fall
of 2016.
To: Canada, Ontario, the City of Thunder Bay, NAN, NNEC, KO, DFCHS and MLC
49. In order to provide students from First Nations communities in NAN
Territory and their families with firsthand information regarding the
community supports and opportunities that are available when they attend
school in Thunder Bay, consult with other community partners to encourage
and facilitate visits by those community partners to the NAN communities to
speak and engage with students prior to their move to Thunder Bay.
VIII.
Youth Participation in Decisions
To: NAN
50. In order to provide First Nations youth with a voice in regard to on-reserve
policies and programs that will have an impact on their future, bring the
Youth Voices Survey Summary (exhibit 150) to the attention of the NAN First
Nations Chiefs, as well as a recommendation to create a youth council or youth
leadership position in their communities to develop a strategic plan for
addressing the challenges they face on a local level.
16
IX.
Education – Off-Reserve
A. Funding – Capital and Facilities
i.
Existing Secondary School Facilities in Thunder Bay
To: Canada, NNEC and MLC
51. Canada, NNEC and MLC should form a working group to establish a mutually
beneficial relationship in regards to sharing resources in one central facility in
Thunder Bay
To: Canada
52. In order to ensure that First Nations schools located off-reserve have
adequate funding for building, operations and maintenance, revise INAC
policies to cover costs relating to building, operations and maintenance of
schools and student accommodations operated by First Nations organizations
off-reserve.
53. In order to provide a safe, healthy learning environment in high school that
encourages attendance and participation by students, and retention of
teachers, provide funding to:
i.
ii.
ensure that the teaching facilities include a cafeteria capable of producing
three (3) hot meals each school day; and
offer all learners access to well-equipped:
a. gymnasium(s);
b. exercise space;
c. computer labs;
d. libraries;
e. music rooms;
f. art rooms;
g. drama classes;
h. special education classes;
i. science labs (as appropriate);
j. spaces for traditional, cultural activities;
k. spaces for Elders;
l. purpose built space for social workers, youth workers, addiction
counsellors, and activity coordinators;
m. general purpose classrooms; and
n. spaces large enough to host graduation celebrations and other
education-related celebrations.
17
54. In order to determine whether the current site of DFCHS is suitable for
providing a safe, healthy and nurturing learning environment on par with
provincially funded high schools, in consultation with representatives from
NNEC, KO, and DFCHS, provide funding for a site analysis of DFCHS to
determine needs relating to those outlined in Recommendation 53, in addition to
the following:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
space required based on projected enrollment for the next 15 years;
adequacy of current space and need to install dedicated computer lab;
adequacy of current space and need to install dedicated music room;
adequacy of existing gymnasium and space dedicated to physical fitness;
adequacy of existing classrooms, including need for dedicated culinary
classroom; and
cost/benefit analysis of performing necessary repairs and renovations
versus acquisition of a new facility.
55. INAC should immediately, in the interim, provide DFCHS with sufficient funding
to make the following renovations to the school:
i.
ii.
Removal of asbestos as recommended in exhibit 185; and
A new boiler and heating system.
56. To determine whether the current site of MLC is suitable for providing a safe,
healthy and nurturing learning environment on par with similar provincially funded
schools, INAC and Matawa Tribal Council and representatives from MLC should
conduct a financial audit and a comprehensive needs assessment. If it is
determined that a site analysis of MLC is required, INAC should provide funding
to determine:
i.
additional space is required based on projected enrollment for the next 15
years;
ii.
adequacy of existing classrooms, including need for dedicated culinary
classroom; and
iii.
cost/benefit analysis of performing necessary renovations versus
acquisition of a new facility.
57. Upon completion of the reports regarding the site analyses performed at
DFCHS, if the cost/benefit analysis supports performing the necessary repairs
and renovations, or acquiring a new facility, provide funding to implement the
recommendations contained in the reports.
18
iii.
Secondary Schools in the Future
To: Canada
58. In order to provide First Nations students from remote communities with a
secondary school education that recognizes the unique circumstances and
challenges faced by these students, their families and their communities,
establish a working group that includes representatives from NNEC, KO, MLC,
and other First Nation Education Councils. The purpose of that working group
would be to conduct community consultations to determine:
i.
those communities who desire to have their own high school and have the
capacity to support a high school on-reserve;
those communities who support high school education off-reserve;
for those communities who support high school education off-reserve, the
preferred model for education and accommodation of students while living
off-reserve, including:
a. specific schools designated for Grades 9 and 10 (e.g. Pelican Falls
First Nations High School, “PFFNHS”), to allow students to make the
transition to Thunder Bay (or other schools off-reserve) on a gradual
basis;
b. accommodation in residences for Grades 9 and 10;
c. accommodation in residences for all grades;
d. accommodation in boarding homes for Grades 11 and 12; or
e. accommodation in boarding homes for all grades.
ii.
iii.
To: Canada
59. To meet the unique needs of First Nations and to help ensure student safety,
Canada should provide sufficient funding to NNEC to design, build, furnish,
maintain, operate and adequately staff a student residence in Thunder Bay for
the students from NNEC communities who have to come to the city to attend
school at DFCHS:
i.
ii.
INAC should sufficiently fund NNEC for the costs of operating and
maintaining the residence on an annual basis pursuant to the eligible
expense of “group home costs” as noted in section 5.0 D – Student
Support Services of Canada’s policy and guideline entitled Grants and
Contributions to Support First Nations Elementary and Secondary
Educational Advancement.
NNEC should consult with its member First Nations communities,
current and existing students, NAN, KO and other affiliated tribal
council on the design and proposed operation of the residence.
Canada should provide sufficient funding to NNEC to carry out this
consultation exercise.
19
iii.
Canada should provide appropriate funding to commence construction
of the proposed residence by the start of the fiscal year commencing
April 1, 2017 so that construction may begin in spring of 2017.
To: NNEC and the City of Thunder Bay
60. The City of Thunder Bay should work with NNEC to ensure that any zoning and
by-law issues that may arise for the construction of facilities can be avoided or
resolved.
iv.
Improving Efficiencies at Existing School Facilities
To: NAN
61. In order to gain efficiencies and avoid unnecessary duplication of
resources and facilities, facilitate a working group of member education
authorities to determine the means by which certain activities could be
coordinated and resources could be shared. In particular, a working group
should be struck to coordinate the work of the NNEC and KO Secondary Student
Support Programs (“SSSP”) at DFCHS to ensure that their resources are used
effectively and that similar practices and rules are followed with respect to all of
the students attending DFCHS.
B. Funding – Instructional Services
To: Canada and Ontario
62. In order to achieve equity and equality for First Nations students, Canada
should:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
revise current policies to provide tuition to be paid for any First Nation
student who wishes to attend a First Nation school off-reserve or MLC
regardless of their or their parents’ normal place of residence;
pending the revision of policies to allow any First Nation student to attend
a First Nation high school off-reserve regardless of normal place of
residence, work with school boards in Northwestern Ontario to ensure
that reverse tuition agreements are in place;
eliminate proposal based funding for instructional services identified as
core activities (as determined by needs assessment described in
Recommendations 12 and 14);
determine the required annual increase for core funding to ensure that
First Nations education and service providers operating off-reserves are
able to meet the needs of their students; and
20
v.
all funding for education of First Nations students off-reserve should be
long-term, stable, reliable and predictable.
To: Canada and Ontario
63. In order to recruit and retain teachers and staff and encourage them to
commit to long-term employment at First Nation schools off-reserve,
provide funding to:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
ensure that salaries, pensions, benefits, compensation and overall
remuneration of teachers, administrators, and other staff at First Nations
schools off-reserve are at a level on par with their provincial counterparts;
ensure that staff from First Nations schools off-reserve are offered all
professional development opportunities that the Ministry of Education
makes available, including access to their databases and eLearning
programs;
develop programs to increase the number of First Nations teachers and
staff at off-reserve schools through:
a. financial assistance to those seeking education and training as
teachers;
b. initiatives to encourage First Nations people to become teachers;
and
c. initiatives to specifically seek out, train, and recruit First Nations
people as teachers; and
provide all teachers with access to the Teach for Canada program.
C. Funding – Cultural Needs
To: Canada, NNEC, KO and MLC
64. In order to improve education outcomes of First Nations youth who attend
secondary school in Thunder Bay and to develop important values, in
consultation with NNEC, KO, DFCHS, PFFNHS and MLC, provide on-going,
predictable and reliable funding to ensure that there is an appropriate staff
complement and programs to address the cultural needs of DFCHS, PFFNHS
and MLC students starting for the 2016-2017 school year, including:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
appropriate ratio of education assistants to students;
appropriate number of Elders (male and female) to be available during
school hours;
dedicated space for the Elders to spend time with students and resources
for the activities that they wish to engage in with the students;
curriculum development that supports language, culture and traditional
activities;
21
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
regular professional development for teachers with respect to how to
incorporate traditional language, culture and activities in day-to-day
teaching;
additional staff member or members required for each school whose sole
role is to take the lead in teaching traditional skills, culture and land based
learning;
funding for land-based learning; and
funding to facilitate the development and implementation of Ojibway/Cree
immersion programming.
To: NNEC, KO and MLC
65. All intake forms, behaviour contracts, report cards and any other documentation
that is given to the parents regarding their children should be provided to them in
their preferred language.
D. Funding – Emotional and Physical Needs
To: Canada
66. In order to improve education outcomes of First Nations youth who attend
secondary school in Thunder Bay and in recognition of the unique
challenges that they face due to exposure to adverse socio-economic
circumstances prior to arriving in Thunder Bay, in consultation with NNEC,
KO, DFCHS, PFFNHS and MLC, immediately provide adequate funding separate
from core institutional funding required to ensure that there is an appropriate
complement of qualified staff and programming to address the needs of DFCHS,
PFFNHS and MLC students starting in the 2016-2017 school year, including:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.
social workers;
trauma counsellors;
mental health workers;
addiction workers or counsellors;
life skills programs;
on-call drivers;
community liaison workers;
school nurses; and
provision of healthy meals during school hours.
22
E. Funding – Recreational and Personal Needs
To: Canada
67. In order to improve education and health outcomes of First Nations youth
who attend secondary school in Thunder Bay and to develop important
values, in consultation with NNEC, KO, DFCHS, PFFNHS and MLC, provide ongoing, predictable and reliable funding required to ensure that there is an
appropriate staff complement and programs to address the recreational needs of
DFCHS, PFFNHS and MLC students, including:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.
adequate annual/monthly allowances to be provided to students for their
recreational and personal needs;
adequate annual/monthly clothing allowances to be provided to students;
adequate annual/monthly tutoring allowances to be provided to students;
after-school activities co-ordinators;
registration fees for participation in extra-curricular activities (at the
highest level that the student is capable of and interested in) and the
equipment to support that participation, including special adaptive aids for
special needs students;
lessons in: music, art, dance, martial arts, drama etc. and the equipment
to support participation, including special adaptive aids for special needs
students;
individual tutoring as required;
travel to other cities in Ontario and Canada; and
fishing trips/camping trips.
F. Funding – Maintaining Family and Social Connections
To: Canada
68. In order to allow First Nations students to maintain family and social
connections while they attend secondary school in Thunder Bay, in
consultation with NNEC, KO, MLC, and community education counsellors,
determine the appropriate frequency and required level of funding for travel of
students between their home communities and Thunder Bay as well as funding
for communication between students and their home communities.
Consideration should include:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
at a minimum, travel during the school year in the fall, at Christmas, and
at Spring Break;
travel of students for community celebrations or emergencies;
travel of parents or caregivers to Thunder Bay in case of emergency;
supply or funding for students to have regular computer or telephone
access with their families and home communities; and
23
v.
investment or increase in technology at schools to allow students to
communicate on a regular basis with their families and social contacts in
their home communities.
69. In order to promote and preserve the connection between students, their
families and to help ensure student safety, amend current policies to ensure
that any parent or legal guardian who moves away from their home community to
live with their child/children while the child/children attend secondary school will
meet the definition of “boarding parent” and will be entitled to receive the same
stipend as a boarding parent.
G. Funding – Student Transportation within Thunder Bay
To: Canada
70. In order to provide all First Nations students living in Thunder Bay with
reasonable travel time and safe transportation to school and access to all
extracurricular activities, in consultation with NNEC, KO, DFCHS, and MLC,
conduct an assessment of funding required to ensure that DFCHS and MLC
students have access to reasonable transportation while attending school or
extracurricular activities. Funding should be adequate to cover:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
the purchase or lease of vehicles to transport students;
the appropriate number of qualified drivers to operate such vehicles;
insurance for vehicles;
maintenance and operating costs for vehicles; and
the assessment of the feasibility of using a local school bus company.
H. Assessment of Students upon arrival in Thunder Bay
To: Canada, NNEC, KO and MLC
71. In order to ensure that any special needs or supports required for First
Nations students are identified and addressed while attending secondary
school in Thunder Bay, ensure that funding and resources are in place upon
arrival of students in Thunder Bay to identify:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
special education needs;
substance and/or alcohol abuse issues;
mental health issues; and
any other supports required, including gaps in academic achievements
that require additional supports or additional time for achieving necessary
credit for graduation.
24
I. Support Services and Support Workers
To: Canada
72. In order to ensure that the appropriate level of support services are in place
for First Nations students upon arrival in Thunder Bay, ensure that NNEC,
KO and MLC have sufficient additional funding, staff and technology to:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
convene a meeting with each student, their parents, their boarding
parents and prime workers prior to the student’s arrival at high school;
conduct a separate meeting with the student upon arrival in Thunder
Bay to identify any needs and concerns of the student as well as goals
and aspirations;
convene monthly check-ins between each student, their parents, the
boarding parents and prime workers after the student has begun school;
and
ensure timely reports to parents and/or education authorities regarding
concerns relating to absenteeism, missed curfews or substance/alcohol
use.
J. Orientation of Students upon Arrival in Thunder Bay
To: NNEC, KO, DFCHS and MLC
73. In order to ensure that students receive orientation at the time of their
arrival as well as ongoing support as they transition to life in Thunder Bay,
in addition to the current orientation sessions conducted by DFCHS, MLC, the
City of Thunder Bay and other community partners, new students should be
partnered with peer mentors who have experience in Thunder Bay and are willing
to assist with day-to-day issues that may arise, including:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
resisting negative peer pressure;
reporting incidents of racism;
encouraging students to attend school and apply themselves to their
studies;
reporting concerns regarding boarding homes;
promoting healthy lifestyles; and
organizing activities to reduce risk factors.
To: The City of Thunder Bay
74. The City of Thunder Bay, through their Travel and Tourism division, should be
part of the student welcome orientation session mentioned in Recommendation
25
73 to help new students by providing them with city maps, transit maps and a list
of community centers and activities offered throughout the city.
To: Canada, Ontario and the City of Thunder Bay
75. In order to provide peer leaders and mentors with the capacity,
communication skills and self-confidence they need to apply positive
influence on other students, the City should act as a resource to identify
community partners including, but not limited to, Ontario and Canada, who could
support and provide funding in order to create and sustain peer leaders at
DFCHS and MLC. Explore the option of having peer leaders and mentors receive
volunteer hours credited toward their OSSD requirements.
K. Boarding Homes
To: Canada and NAN
76. In order to increase the number of quality boarding homes for First Nations
students in Thunder Bay, in consultation with representatives from NNEC, KO,
MLC, student support workers and long-term boarding parents, establish a
working group that will:
i.
ii.
determine the appropriate level of funding for boarding parents; and
establish minimum expectations with respect to boarding parent’s
responsibility to ensure student’s safety and well-being, attendance at
school and academic success.
77. In order to enhance and standardize the procedure for the screening and
approval of boarding homes for First Nations students attending school
off-reserve, within 6 months of the date of this verdict, establish a working group
including representatives from NNEC, KO, MLC, and other appropriate
stakeholders to determine existing best practices and to consider:
i.
ii.
minimum standards for all boarding homes;
standardized screening and vetting of boarding home applicants,
including:
a. monthly visits and scheduled inspections;
b. criminal record checks for all residents aged 18 years and over
and updates of criminal record checks on an annual basis;
c. mandatory completion of training, including first aid training and
management and care of intoxicated students;
d. demonstration of financial stability;
e. standardized contract including:
26
•
iii.
provisions that clearly outline expectations of boarding
parents, including regular communication with student
support or prime workers and parents/guardians;
• provisions that clearly outline conduct that will result in
termination; and
• provision in contract for unannounced visits as may be
deemed necessary and at the discretion of the school
minimum standards for written policies and procedures relating to
screening and approval of boarding parents and homes.
L. Additional Support Services to Students
To: Ontario
78. In order to assist First Nations students who move to Thunder Bay to attend
secondary school, the Ontario Ministries of Education, Children and Youth,
Municipal Affairs and Housing, Health and Long-Term Care and Community and
Social Services should work with Canada, the Thunder Bay District Social
Services Administration Board, the City of Thunder Bay and Indigenous
communities and organizations to support a well-coordinated suite of housing,
income, recreation and health services and supports to assist students in
accessing supports and services.
79. In order to provide First Nations students with additional supports to
achieve academic success and to have a positive experience while living in
Thunder Bay, continue to provide funding to qualified organizations to deliver
the After School Program at DFCHS and work with MLC and KO to explore
providing funding to qualified organizations to deliver After School Programs for
students from the Matawa and KO communities attending school in Thunder Bay.
80. Work with agencies funded under the Aboriginal Healing and Wellness Strategy
(AHWS) to explore creating more employment opportunities for youth (e.g. peer
mentors).
M. Harm Reduction Strategies
To: NAN, NNEC, KO, DFCHS and MLC
81. In order to ensure the safety of all First Nation students while going to
school on-reserve or off-reserve, conduct annual training of all staff and
boarding parents associated with First Nation schools with respect to:
27
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
recognition, management and care of intoxicated students;
crisis intervention;
suicide prevention; and
first aid, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
To: Canada
82. In order to ensure the safety of First Nation students while living in Thunder
Bay, provide funding to NNEC, KO, and MLC to conduct training as described in
Recommendation 81 and to permit on-reserve and off-reserve First Nations
schools to create and implement safe school protocols.
To: NNEC, KO, DFCHS and MLC
83. In order to increase awareness regarding risks related to alcohol,
substance and solvent use and ensure consistent mandatory education of
First Nations students attending school in Thunder Bay, in consultation with
local community partners, including the Centres for Addiction and Mental Health,
the Thunder Bay District Health Unit and Dilico ensure that students are provided
with regular, appropriate, accurate, up-to-date information relating to:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
the health and social issues associated with alcohol, substance and
solvent use;
the legal consequences of underage drinking;
the resources available in the community to address issues relating to
alcohol, substance and solvent use;
current misconceptions relating to “accepted” drinking practices (ie:
drinking homebrew vs spirits); and
the importance of assisting and staying with intoxicated peers and
reporting any concerns to boarding parents, on-call workers, and other
support workers.
To: Canada, NNEC, KO, DFCHS and MLC
84. In order to allow students to continue their education in Thunder Bay while
dealing with substance or alcohol issues, in consultation with local community
partners, NNEC, KO and MLC should continue to develop harm reduction
programs to address alcohol and substance use by students at their schools.
The development of such programs should consider including a day program (if
necessary) or a course option for students at the school. Canada should
sufficiently fund NNEC, KO and MLC for these activities.
28
To: NNEC, KO and MLC
85. In order to assist First Nations students in Thunder Bay with
alcohol/substance use and addiction problems, in consultation with
community partners, including the Centres for Addiction and Mental Health,
Dilico, and St. Joseph’s Care Group, explore alternatives to sending students
back to their home communities, including treatment programs that would allow
students to pursue their studies in Thunder Bay.
86. In order to increase awareness of DFCHS and MLC students regarding the
risks associated with the purchase of alcohol through second party
purchasers (“runners”), consider incorporating the Crimestoppers video made
by DFCHS students into the orientation session held upon the arrival of new
students in Thunder Bay each September. If the Crimestoppers video is not
incorporated, include information in the orientation regarding the risks associated
with the purchase of alcohol through second party purchasers.
To: Canada, Ontario, NAN, NNEC, KO, DFCHS and MLC
87. In order to ensure continuity of care and increased prospect (where
desired) of a return to Thunder Bay for those students who are sent back
due to health and safety concerns, make all efforts to ensure that community
supports, including a continuing education, health and mental health plan, are in
place prior to sending a student back to his or her home community. Canada
and Ontario should ensure that there is sufficient funding and resources in place
for these support programs.
To: P.A.R.T.Y. Program of Thunder Bay
88. In order to raise awareness of First Nations students regarding the risks
associated with alcohol/substance use and to enhance the delivery of the
P.A.R.T.Y. program to First Nations youth attending school in Thunder Bay:
i.
ii.
iii.
offer the P.A.R.T.Y. program to grades 9 through 12 for DFCHS and
MLC;
offer the P.A.R.T.Y. program at least twice a year (September and
January) to ensure that new students and returning students (after
Christmas break) receive the program information when first arriving in
Thunder Bay and to reinforce the message upon return to Thunder Bay
for the second semester;
consider the option of an “in-school” P.A.R.T.Y. program for DFCHS and
MLC students;
29
iv.
v.
vi.
include Elders in the regular P.A.R.T.Y. program to meet the needs of
First Nations students attending high school in Thunder Bay;
in consultation with P.A.R.T.Y. International, develop a program with a
focus on addressing the specific needs of Aboriginal youth; and
if considering the inclusion of the scenarios involving the deaths of the
First Nations youth who are the subject of this inquest in the P.A.R.T.Y.
program, P.A.R.T.Y. International must consult and obtain consent from
the families involved.
N. Addressing health needs of First Nations students in Thunder Bay
To: Canada (Health Canada)
89. In order to ensure continuity of care for First Nations students while in
Thunder Bay:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
review existing policies with regard to providing health services to First
Nations students attending high school off-reserve;
develop, fund, and implement an Electronic Medical Records system for
all NAN communities in which all medical information from clinics and
nursing stations in the communities is readily available to medical
professionals all across Ontario. This will ensure continuity of care for all
First Nation youth who require medical care while residing outside of their
home communities;
provide additional funding for NNADAP programs;
fund aftercare programs for First Nations youth leaving addictions
treatment programs; and
create and implement policy that allows health authorities to make
decisions regarding medical transport in an efficient and timely manner
irrespective of location of First Nation student at the time of need.
Youth Participation in Decisions
To: Canada, NAN, NNEC, KO, DFCHS and MLC
90. In order for First Nations youth to have a voice regarding decisions relating
to their education off-reserve, and to ensure that there is accountability in
decisions made regarding their education and well-being, NNEC, KO, and
MLC, with the support of Canada and NAN, should consider creating a special
seat on their Boards of Directors for a youth representative who is a student or
former student of DFCHS or MLC under the age of 25. Canada should provide
the funding for any costs associated with this position.
30
X.
Missing Person Investigations and Searches
To: NAN, the City of Thunder Bay, TBPS, NAPS, NNEC, KO, DFCHS and MLC
91. In order to ensure timely reporting of missing students and consistent
practice among institutions when students are reported missing or during
sudden death investigations, the City of Thunder Bay; TBPS; NAN; NAPS;
NNEC; DFCHS; KO; and MLC should establish a working group to discuss best
practices applicable to their respective roles pertaining to students from remote
First Nations communities attending secondary school in Thunder Bay
(“Students”). The working group should consider:
i.
The need to ensure timely reporting to police of all missing person
matters that involve a Student: The working group should review and
revise current education authority policies and procedures in order to
generate a consistent set of policies. In particular, the document entitled
Missing Student Protocol Guide [Exhibit Number 133 at Tab 31] should be
reviewed and revised with the benefit of information learned at the joint
inquest to help generate a consistent set of policies and procedures. The
revised set of policies and procedures, once agreed upon, should be
disseminated to - and adopted by – NNEC, KO and MLC. The revised
procedures should include language that directs education authority
employees to file a missing person report with police as soon as any
member of the education authority determines that a search needs to be
undertaken for a student whose whereabouts are unknown;
ii.
Public awareness: The working group should discuss implementation of
a public information campaign emphasizing the importance of reporting
missing person matters to police without delay;
iii.
Information Sheets: The working group should discuss the preparation
of information forms for all Students to be stored with education
authorities. The working group should also review the steps necessary to
obtain appropriate consent to disseminate these individual forms to police
in the event that a missing person report is filed;
iv.
Social Media Search: The working group should consider how to utilize
social media to assist in missing person searches and should designate
roles and responsibilities for all parties accordingly;
v.
Press Releases: The working group should discuss approaches to press
releases pertaining to any missing person matter that involves a Student.
The working group should also discuss approaches to press releases in
the event that a Student is found deceased. The working group should
discuss the various circumstances that may influence when media
releases should or should not go out. The working group should also
31
discuss circumstances that may influence how a media release may need
to be worded;
vi.
Best Practices for Interviews: The working group should discuss best
practices to facilitate interviews of young people in exigent, non-criminal,
circumstances. The working group should also discuss best practices to
facilitate interviews in exigent, non-criminal, matters with individuals of
any age who may be unfamiliar or uncomfortable dealing with individuals
in positions of authority;
vii.
Internal Search Plans: The working group should ensure that
appropriate participant institutions have an internal search plan that can
be implemented if a Student goes missing. Without limiting the generality
of what the internal plans may include:
a. internal search plans should identify pre-determined internal points
of contact to act as information coordinators and liaisons to third
parties in the event of a missing person search involving a visiting
student;
b. internal search plans should set out a clear supervisory structure so
that each institution is able to identify an individual(s) who will
ensure that the internal search plan is properly executed;
c. internal search plans should set out how information will be
provided to family members and will contain provisions that permit
family members to identify third parties to act as their
agents/advocates as they prefer. The plan should ensure that more
than one individual can be designated by family members to receive
information where necessary;
d. internal search plans should also set out how employees will share
information externally with any other relevant institutions, political
bodies or family members;
e. all internal search plans should contemplate the possible arrival of
community searchers and how to manage such volunteers. Internal
search plans should explain best search practices for non-police
searchers with particular emphasis on, among other things,
evidence preservation;
viii.
Global Search Plans: The working group should also ensure that each
internal search plan dovetails into a larger global search plan that should
be implemented by all participant institutions in the event that a Student
goes missing:
a. Global search plans should adopt pre-determined points of contact
within each institution that are consistent with the internal search
plans discussed above;
b. Global search plans should include at least one Appendix that will
contain a handout listing the best practices for community
32
searchers discussed above. This document can be disseminated
to community searchers as needed;
ix.
Missing person risk factors: The working group should share expertise
on risk factors that may need to be considered when assessing the risk
level in a missing person matter that involves a Student. The working
group should create a list of risk factors that should be considered by all
parties. The revised risk factors should be shared among participants
and, once agreed upon by all, imported into the forthcoming TBPS 2016
missing person procedure as well as all internal search plans;
x.
The working group should also review the revised TBPS missing person
questionnaire that arises under the 2016 missing person policy and
should consider what revisions, if any, should be made based on: (i) the
expertise obtained by education authorities arising out of their own search
efforts and (ii) information contained in search forms prepared by other
police services that may be available by way of the Ontario Association of
Chiefs of Police, including but not limited to, the Ontario Provincial Police;
xi.
Training: The working group should fix deadlines for completion of staff
training on all issues as follows:
a. parties other than the TBPS should ensure that all staff are fully
trained on revised procedures within 1-year from the completion of
the working group deliverables; and
b. TBPS will ensure that all of its members are trained on the
forthcoming revised 2016 missing person policy by December 31,
2016;
xii.
The working group should prepare an anonymized training case scenario
based on evidence canvassed at, and lessons learned from, the joint
inquest. The case scenario should be used to assist in training TBPS
officers, education authority staff and NAPS officers to participate in
investigations relating to Students which may involve:
a. civilian search teams;
b. alcohol or substance use;
c. reports made to police after the whereabouts of the subject
individual have been unknown for a lengthy period of time;
d. interviews involving young people who may be reluctant to speak to
police officers fearing that they may get in trouble or may be
betraying the confidence of their friends; or
e. cultural and systemic barriers that may limit the fulsome disclosure
of information to persons in positions of authority; and
xiii.
The working group should identify an appropriate external consultant to be
hired to assist the TBPS (and any other interested organizations) to revise
33
current training modules to ensure that curriculum covers cultural issues
that are relevant to members of the Indigenous community in and around
Thunder Bay and:
a. TBPS will also present an annual report on training to the Police
Services Board to provide the public with information on police training.
This report will be made during the public session and will include,
among other things, a summary of the number of officers who
completed training courses in different policing areas and will include
information about training curriculum related to Indigenous issues.
To: Ontario
92. Establish a working group to review issues relating to ground searches for
missing persons and missing persons investigations and to make
recommendations to the Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services
(“MCSCS”) regarding (i) provincial standards relating to missing persons
searches and investigations; (ii) training of police officers involved in missing
persons searches and investigations; and (iii) any other issue that the working
group considers appropriate for a recommendation. The membership of this
working group should include representatives of MCSCS, the Ontario Association
of Chiefs of Police, the Ontario Police College, the OPP Police Academy, at least
one municipal police service, and at least one First Nations organization.
XI.
Stand-alone Missing Person Legislation
To: Ontario
93. Develop and propose new missing persons legislation, in consultation with
policing partners, Indigenous communities and organizations, and other partners
to assist police in investigating missing persons cases.
XII.
Protocol for Volunteer Community Searchers
To: TBPS and NAN
94. Create a joint protocol translated in Cree, Ojibway, and Oji-Cree for distribution
to community search teams explaining best search practices for non-police
searchers with particular emphasis on:
i.
safety considerations for community searchers;
ii.
evidence preservation;
iii.
importance of communication/debriefing with assigned liaison officer; and
iv.
issues relating to private property.
34
XIII.
OTHER INVESTIGATIONS/POLICE ISSUES
Pattern Recognition and Reporting of “Runners”
To: Liquor Control Board of Ontario (“LCBO”) and Ontario
95. In order to decrease the purchase of alcohol by persons under 19 years of
age through “runners” or second party purchasers:
i.
review and revise (where necessary) LCBO guidelines for the detection of
second party purchases;
enhance opportunities and methods employed to identify second party
purchases and review existing practices for detecting and deterring this
practice.
ii.
To: LCBO and TBPS
96. In order to decrease the opportunity for underage drinking (persons under
nineteen) and to deter individuals from purchasing alcohol for underage
individuals, create a task force or working group comprised of LCBO managers
and/or regional managers and staff (as appropriate) and TBPS representatives
to:
i.
ii.
review and revise (where necessary) the list of “triggers” already being
used by the LCBO to identify second party purchases; and
based on the recommendations of the LCBO and TBPS task
force/working group, develop a protocol for the reporting of suspected
second party purchases to the TBPS.
To: Ontario, LCBO and TBPS
97. All parties should work together to develop a campaign to raise public
awareness about second party purchases and the associated legal
consequences. This campaign should make use of social media as well as
posters in LCBO establishments.
XIV.
Other Recommendations to assist First Nations Students in Thunder
Bay
To: Canada (Health Canada)
98. To help alleviate homesickness for students, KO Telehealth should develop a
program to allow families to utilize their services to communicate with their
35
children who are attending high school off-reserve. This program should
commence for the 2016-2017 school year.
A. Social Media and Internet Resource Development
To: The City of Thunder Bay
99. The City of Thunder Bay should advertise, promote and consult with students on
the best way to notify students of opportunities for Youth, including employment,
recreation and volunteering at the City of Thunder Bay, whether that is on the
City’s website, other social media or another “youth friendly” format. This
information should be provided at all schools in the local district.
100. The City of Thunder Bay should explore options for promoting youth
opportunities and programming to youth, by “speaking their language” and
utilizing sources such as Twitter, Facebook, and other social media websites.
B. Recreation Information and Activities
To: Ontario
101. The Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport should provide adequate funding to
sustain the Regional Multicultural Youth Centre’s initiatives at DFCHS to keep
students busy and safe after school, reduce risks and create a generation of
active Aboriginal youths.
To: The City of Thunder Bay
102. The City of Thunder Bay should consult and liaise with NNEC, DFCHS, KO and
MLC in order to develop a plan for assisting those students who would like to
attend City programs or have questions with respect to any City programs but
may have some issue to overcome such as transportation issues to and from the
venue.
103. The City of Thunder Bay through the Aboriginal Liaison should liaise with
DFCHS and MLC to provide copies of the community recreation guide “The Key”
each session, and other promotional materials for City recreation opportunities
on an ongoing basis, to be circulated in the schools including in libraries,
guidance offices and recreation spaces.
36
104. The City of Thunder Bay should promote the P.R.O. Kids program to
stakeholders such as NAN, NNEC, DFCHS, KO and MLC to encourage subject
students to participate if they are interested.
105. The City should consult with and assess the needs of the community with
respect to Youth and Youth programming through the efforts of the City of
Thunder Bay Recreation & Facilities Master Plan “Stakeholder + Public
Consultation Plan”, whose goals include identifying:
i.
ii.
the community’s vision for the development of recreation;
the current demands for and gaps in recreation services and facilities as
well as emerging needs; and
iii. the experience of Users by facility in terms of their level of satisfaction and
barriers to recreation services such as transportation.
The consultation process should include tapping into the voices of the City’s
Youth, including Youth from the First Nations and Métis communities within and
surrounding Thunder Bay.
106. Once the goals of the Stakeholder + Public Consultation Plan have been
achieved, and the needs with respect to Youth programming in the City are
identified - including a consideration of the need for a Youth Centre or Youth
Centres in Thunder Bay - the City should identify and pursue funding and other
resources to meet those needs, including consultation with the Federal and
Provincial governments to support programming and/or infrastructure
development.
To: The City of Thunder Bay, NNEC, KO, DFCHS and MLC
107. The City of Thunder Bay Aboriginal Liaison, NNEC, DFCHS, KO and MLC
should work together - perhaps through designated contact people in the schools
- to co-ordinate participation of DFCHS and MLC students in Thunder Bay
recreation programs and City sponsored events that students may be interested
in attending throughout the school year - for example, the use of skating rinks in
the winter.
C. Transit Training
To: The City of Thunder Bay
108. The City of Thunder Bay should develop policy and procedures for dealing with
incapacitated individuals, specifically youth 18 and under. These policies should
also address the safety of youth who are denied or removed from transit service
37
or who exit a transit vehicle while incapacitated. The City of Thunder Bay should
provide training to its Operators and Controllers on these policies and
procedures.
D. Indigenous Youth Employment
To: The City of Thunder Bay
109. The City should develop and report on employment equity targets for
Indigenous Youth hired by the City, including both full time and part time
employment.
E. City’s Commitment to Indigenous Peoples
To: The City of Thunder Bay
110. The City should review its current “Welcome Thunder Bay” slogan and
programming to consider ways in which to incorporate a better reflection of the
Indigenous presence in the territory for millennia.
111. The City should post its Declaration of Commitment dated March 29, 2010, in
all of its buildings.
F. Community Safety Considerations
To: The City of Thunder Bay
112. The City of Thunder Bay should encourage and support the combined efforts of
the Anti-Racism and Respect Committee and the Thunder Bay Crime Prevention
Council, and, in consultation with the Thunder Bay Police Services Board,
DFCHS, NNEC, KO, MLC, and the Indigenous community of Thunder Bay,
should develop a public education campaign identifying and discussing the issue
of racially motivated crimes, specifically those involving the Indigenous
communities residing in and around the City of Thunder Bay.
To: Ontario and the City of Thunder Bay
113. Ontario and the City of Thunder Bay, in exercising its appointment power to the
Thunder Bay Police Services Board (“TBPSB”), should take into account the
need for an Indigenous representative to reflect the nature of the Indigenous
peoples within the City of Thunder Bay which is served by the TBPSB.
38
To: Canada, Ontario, the City of Thunder Bay, NAN, NNEC, KO and MLC
114. Consultations should occur between the City of Thunder Bay through the
Thunder Bay Drug Strategy, the TBPSB, Health Canada, the Ministries of Health
and Long-term Care and Child and Youth Services, the Northwest Local Health
Integration Network (“NWLHIN”), EMS, the Thunder Bay Regional Health
Sciences Centre (“TBRHSC”), NAN, NNEC, KO, Shibogama, Independent First
Nations Alliance (“IFNA”) and MLC in order to develop of an alternative facility for
intoxicated Youth, including remote First Nation students who cannot return
home until their intoxication level has subsided. Such an alternative facility could
include a shelter or detox unit, open to Youth who are 25 years or younger, with
appropriately trained staff.
To: The City of Thunder Bay, TBPS, NNEC, KO, DFCHS and MLC
115. The City of Thunder Bay, TBPS, NNEC, DFCHS, KO, IFNA, Shibogama and
MLC should consult on the terms of reference for a safety audit of the river areas
frequented by First Nation students and youth in the evenings. The consultation
and resulting audit should be undertaken as soon as practicable. Subject to the
findings of the audit, some possible responses to identified issues could include
improved lighting, emergency button poles, under-bridge barricades, or
increased police patrols.
G. Community Leadership Role
To: The City of Thunder Bay, NAN, DFCHS and MLC
116. In order to increase public awareness in the City of Thunder Bay regarding the
issues raised during this Inquest, including the obstacles and challenges faced
by First Nations students from remote communities who are residing in Thunder
Bay, the City should work with First Nations expertise to develop a local and
social media campaign as well as a public forum which highlights and addresses:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
the obstacles and challenges faced by First Nations students in Thunder
Bay;
the health and social issues often experienced by First Nations students in
Thunder Bay;
the subject of this Inquest through a discussion of the various roles and
responsibilities of community partners and members of the community in
assisting First Nations students in Thunder Bay;
the current misconceptions relating to First Nations students from remote
communities who are residing in Thunder Bay;
racism experienced by First Nations students in Thunder Bay; and
39
vi.
facilitates discussion regarding how to address and report racism towards
First Nations students in Thunder Bay.
To: The City of Thunder Bay, NNEC, KO, DFCHS and MLC
117. The City of Thunder Bay, NNEC, KO, DFCHS, and MLC should consult with
community partners to arrange for speakers or skills instructors to attend the
schools in order to make presentations on topics which are aimed to engage and
provide information to the students.
To: The City of Thunder Bay
118. The City should review the Calls to Action from the Truth and Reconciliation
Commission which apply to municipal government, including Number 57, and
consider appropriate future action.
119. The City should review and consider the United Nations Convention on the
Rights of the Child and the United Nations Declaration of the Rights of
Indigenous Peoples.
H. Call for Consultation and Funding
To: Canada, Ontario and the City of Thunder Bay
120. Canada and Ontario should meet with and consult with the City of Thunder Bay
in order to discuss any funding requirements or additional resources necessary
to assist the City in implementing and supporting the Recommendations aimed at
supporting Indigenous Youth travelling to the City in order to access a secondary
education program.
XV.
Other Recommendations
Partnerships
to
Foster
Greater
Collaboration
and
To: Ontario
121. In order to serve the best interests of First Nations youth in a collaborative
fashion, continue to implement the Ontario Indigenous Children and Youth
Strategy (formerly the Aboriginal Children and Youth Strategy) with Indigenous
communities and organizations including NAN. This strategy will address the
priority of improving outcomes and opportunities for First Nations children and
youth, including the specific needs of those in remote northern communities, and
40
will focus on the needs of children and youth through community-driven holistic
services that recognize culture and identity as foundational.
122. Through the Ministry of Education, work with First Nation communities, in
collaboration with district schools boards, to share currently existing ministrydeveloped education resources, reference materials and professional learning
related to any provincial policies, programs or initiatives upon request of the First
Nation schools and/or educators.
123. In order to foster greater collaboration between First Nation schools and
provincially-funded schools, through the Ministry of Education, engage with
First Nation communities to identify opportunities to share information and
expertise to support capacity building within First Nation schools.
124. Through the Ministry of Education, work with First Nations communities, school
boards, and the federal government to address issues related to tuition
agreements.
125. Through the Ministry of Education, work with NAN through the Education
Partnership Program to foster local relationships between school boards and
First Nation communities in order to support student transitions between
provincially-funded schools and First Nation schools.
126. Through the Ministry of Education, continue ongoing work regarding supports
for students experiencing racism and continue to work with its partners to support
the learning in the curriculum to address this issue.
127. Through the Anti-Racism Directorate, undertake research and engage with
Indigenous communities to develop an Indigenous-informed Anti-Racism public
education and awareness campaign.
128. Through the Ministry of Education, expand its work with partners, including First
Nation, Métis and Inuit partners, to develop authentic resources that support
learning about Indigenous histories, cultures, issues, perspectives and
contributions in the curriculum and that build educator capacity to deliver the
learning for all students with confidence and competence.
41
129. Through the Ministry of Education, work with the Ministry’s School College
Work Initiative (SCWI) partners to expand opportunities for more students from
DFCHS to explore and pursue postsecondary pathways through participation in
dual credit programs with Confederation College. In addition, the Ministry should
explore opportunities to expand dual credit programing to students at MLC. The
Northwestern Ontario SCWI Regional Planning Team includes representatives
from Confederation College and eight district school boards including the
Lakehead and the Thunder Bay Catholic District School Boards.
Issues Relating to the Office of the Chief Coroner
To: The Office of the Chief Coroner
130. In order to track and analyze death rates of First Nations youth on and offreserve, The Office of the Chief Coroner should develop a process or protocol to
improve data collection and analysis.
131. The Office of the Chief Coroner should explore new approaches to providing
coroner services to remote areas through consultation with communities affected.
132. In order to ensure consistency in all sudden death investigations, wherever
possible, and taking into account the resources available in a community,
coroners on call should coordinate their schedules to avoid other responsibilities
that would prevent them from attending a scene.
133. The Office of the Chief Coroner should work in partnership with Indigenous
leadership and communities to develop a communications protocol for
communications between the coroner’s office and Indigenous peoples which
prioritizes communication with the families.
134. The Office of the Chief Coroner should amend policies to allow for extended
family members to access information about the deceased, consistent with
legislation.
135. At the Annual Education Course for Coroners and Pathologists in 2017, the
progress/results from recommendations 130 through 134 should be presented
and discussed.
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XVI.
Implementation of Recommendations in the spirit of the Truth and
Reconciliation Commission’s (“TRC”) “Calls to Action” (“CTA”)
To: Canada
136. In order to improve education outcomes of First Nations youth, we support
and endorse Recommendations 7 through 11 of the Truth and Reconciliation
Commission’s Calls to Action that call upon the federal government to:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
develop with Aboriginal groups a joint strategy to eliminate educational
and employment gaps between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal
Canadians (CTA#7);
eliminate the discrepancy in federal education funding for First Nations
children being educated on reserves and those First Nations children
being educated off reserves (CTA#8);
prepare and publish annual reports comparing funding for the
education of First Nations children on and off reserves, as well as
educational and income attainments of Aboriginal peoples in Canada
compared with non-Aboriginal people (CTA#9);
draft new Aboriginal education legislation with the full participation and
informed consent of Aboriginal peoples, and committed to the following
principles (CTA#10):
a. providing sufficient funding to close identified educational
achievement gaps within one generation;
b. improving education attainment levels and success rates;
c. developing culturally appropriate curricula;
d. protecting the right to Aboriginal languages, including the
teaching of Aboriginal languages as credit courses;
e. enabling parental and community responsibility, control, and
accountability, similar to what parents enjoy in public school
systems;
f. enabling parents to fully participate in the education of their
children;
g. respecting and honouring Treaty relationships;
h. providing adequate funding to end the backlog of First
Nations students seeking a post-secondary education.
To: Canada, Ontario and NAN
137. In order to improve health outcomes of First Nations youth, we support and
endorse Recommendations 18 through 20 of the Truth and Reconciliation
Commission’s Calls to Action that:
i.
call upon the federal, provincial, territorial, and Aboriginal governments to
acknowledge that the current state of Aboriginal health in Canada is a
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ii.
iii.
direct result of previous Canadian government policies, including
residential schools, and to recognize and implement the health-care rights
of Aboriginal people as identified in international law, constitutional law,
and under the Treaties (CTA#18);
call upon the federal government, in consultation with Aboriginal peoples,
to establish measurable goals to identify and close the gaps in health
outcomes between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal communities, and to
publish annual progress reports and assess long-term trends. Such efforts
would focus on indicators such as: infant mortality, maternal health,
suicide, mental health, addictions, life expectancy, birth rates, infant and
child health issues, chronic diseases, illness and injury incidence, and the
availability of appropriate health services (CTA#19); and
in order to address the jurisdictional disputes concerning Aboriginal people
who do not reside on reserves, call upon the federal government to
recognize, respect, and address the distinct health needs of the Métis,
Inuit, and off-reserve Aboriginal peoples (CTA#20).
To: Canada and Ontario
138. In order to assess progress in the areas of education and health of First
Nations youth, we support and endorse Recommendation 55 of the Truth and
Reconciliation Commission’s Calls to Action that calls upon all levels of
government to provide annual reports or any current data requested by the
National Council for Reconciliation so that it can report on the progress towards
reconciliation. The reports or data would include, but not be limited to:
i.
ii.
iii.
comparative funding for the education of First Nations children on and off
reserves;
the educational and income attainments of Aboriginal peoples in Canada
compared with non-Aboriginal people; and
progress in closing the gaps between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal
communities in a number of health indicators such as: infant mortality,
maternal health, suicide, mental health, addictions, life expectancy, birth
rates, infant and child health issues, chronic diseases, illness and injury
incidence, and the availability of appropriate health services.
To: Canada, Ontario and the City of Thunder Bay
139. We support and endorse Recommendation 57 of the Truth and Reconciliation
Commission’s Calls to Action that calls upon federal, provincial, territorial, and
municipal governments to provide skills-based training in intercultural
competency, conflict resolution, human rights, and anti-racism to public servants
on the history of Aboriginal peoples, including the history and legacy of
residential schools, the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous
44
Peoples, Treaties and Aboriginal rights, Indigenous law, and Aboriginal–Crown
relations.
To: Canada and Ontario
140. In order to achieve reconciliation through education, we support and
endorse Recommendation 62 of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s Calls
to Action that calls upon the federal, provincial, and territorial governments, in
consultation and collaboration with Survivors, Aboriginal peoples, and educators,
to:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
make age-appropriate curriculum based on the history of residential
schools and legacy effect, 60’s Scoop, colonialism, Treaties, and
Aboriginal peoples’ historical and contemporary contributions to Canada a
mandatory education requirement for Kindergarten to Grade Twelve
students to counteract the harmful stereotypes and false and misleading
histories/stories that play out in the media;
provide the necessary funding to post-secondary institutions to educate
teachers on how to integrate Indigenous knowledge and teaching methods
into classrooms;
provide the necessary funding to Aboriginal schools to utilize Indigenous
knowledge and teaching methods in classrooms; and
establish senior-level positions in government at the assistant deputy
minister level or higher dedicated to Aboriginal content in education.
To: Ontario
141. In addition, in order to further efforts toward reconciliation through
education, we support and endorse Recommendation 63 of the Truth and
Reconciliation Commission’s Calls to Action that calls upon the Council of
Ministers of Education Canada (upon its creation) to maintain an annual
commitment to Aboriginal education issues, including:
i.
ii.
iii.
v.
developing and implementing Kindergarten to Grade Twelve curriculum
and learning resources on Aboriginal peoples in Canadian history, and the
history and legacy of residential schools;
sharing information and best practices on teaching curriculum related to
residential schools and Aboriginal history;
building student capacity for intercultural understanding, empathy, and
mutual respect; and
identifying teacher-training needs relating to the above.
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XVII. Shannen’s Dream
To: Canada
142. In order to give effect to the motion passed unanimously by the House of
Commons on February 27, 2012, relating to Shannen’s Dream, as set out
below, we would support the inclusion of the wording of the motion in federal
documents relating to First Nations education:
That, in the opinion of the House, the government should adopt Shannen's
Dream by: (a) declaring that all First Nation children have an equal right to
high quality, culturally-relevant education; (b) committing to provide the
necessary financial and policy supports for First Nations education
systems; (c) providing funding that will put reserve schools on par with
non-reserve provincial schools; (d) developing transparent methodologies
for school construction, operation, maintenance and replacement; (e)
working collaboratively with First Nation leaders to establish equitable
norms and formulas for determining class sizes and for the funding of
educational resources, staff salaries, special education services and
indigenous language instruction; and (f) implementing policies to make the
First Nation education system, at a minimum, of equal quality to provincial
school systems.
XVIII. Recommendation Follow-Ups
To: Canada, Ontario, the City of Thunder Bay, TBPS, NAPS, NAN, NNEC, KO,
DFCHS, MLC, LCBO, P.A.R.T.Y Program of Thunder Bay and the Office of the
Chief Coroner
143. All organizations that receive recommendations should prepare an annual
report following up on the recommendations that:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
Indicates whether each recommendation is (a) accepted, (b) accepted in
part, or (c) rejected;
Provides an explanation for any recommendations that are not accepted
in whole or in part and indicates an alternative approach to achieve the
same aim;
Indicates, for all recommendations that are accepted, whether
implementation is (a) pending, (b) in progress, or (c) complete;
provides a detailed update regarding the steps that have been taken and
are planned with respect to the implementation of the accepted
recommendations;
is sent by email to any person who requests to receive a copy; and
is prepared each year for delivery at 10 a.m. on the anniversary date of
the release of the inquest recommendations (until the party has provided
46
an annual report indicating that all of the recommendations it received
have either been rejected or implemented).
144. The organizations receiving recommendations should endeavour to agree on a
process whereby the annual reports will be posted in a central location on the
internet (e.g. on a website of one of the organizations). Acknowledging that the
First Nations parties who receive recommendations have limited resources,
those parties should prioritize actual actions responding to recommendations
over reporting on those actions and should only be expected to provide annual
reports if they have the resources to do so.
145. Organizations that accept recommendations should revise their current policies
to reflect new tasks and procedures.
47