CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
Contaminated Land
in Cambridge
Developers Guide
Environmental Services
Mandela House
4, Regent Street
Cambridge, CB2 1BY
Tel: 01223 457890
Fax: 01223 457909
Email: env.health@cambridge.gov.uk
Can be downloaded from www.cambridge.gov.uk
Printed on recycled paper. Please recycle.
April 2009
DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
Aim
This document has been produced to provide guidance to anyone who is
proposing to develop, or is involved in the development of land, which may be
affected by contamination.
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DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
Contents
1. Introduction
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2. The Council's Approach
2.1 City Council Corporate Objectives
2.2 The Council's Environmental Priorities
2.3 Planning Policy
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3. Responsibilities
3.1 Role of the Developer
3.2 Role of the Local Authority and the Planning Process
3.3 Role of the Environment Agency
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4. What is required of the developer?
Figure 1. Summary of the procedure for considering land contamination
4.1 Phase 1 Desk Study
Figure 2. Example of a Historic Map
Figure 3. Example of a Conceptual Site Model
Figure 4. Example of a Potential Pollutant Linkage
4.2 Phase 2 Site Investigation
4.3 Phase 3 Remediation Proposals
4.4 Phase 4 Verification Report
4.5 Summary of what information is required when
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DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
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5. Opportunities for Contaminated Land Development
5.1 Contaminated Land Tax Credit
5.2 Contaminated Land Landfill Tax Exemption
5.3 Landfill Tax Credit Scheme
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6. Other Useful Information
6.1 Using Consultants
6.2 Useful Contacts
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7. Recommended References
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8. Appendix One: Part 2A – The Legal Context
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9. Appendix Two: Potentially Contaminating Uses of Land
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10. Appendix Three: Examples of Potential Pollutant Pathways
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11. Appendix Four: Contaminated Land Planning Condition
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12. Appendix Five: Checklists
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13. Appendix Six: Consultants and Associated Services
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14. Glossary
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DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
1. Introduction
Due to the increased frequency of development on 'Brownfield' sites in
Cambridge, it is vital that developers are aware of their responsibilities regarding
contaminated land.
Produced in accordance with relevant national guidance documents to ensure a
consistent and transparent approach, this document outlines the Council's
requirements and the information needed in order to assess planning applications.
Chapter One demonstrates how the City Council's approach to dealing with
contaminated land is underpinned by the Council's Corporate Objectives and its
Environmental Priorities. It also describes how development policies in Cambridge are
guided by Government legislation.
Chapter Two outlines the responsibilities of the developer, the Local Authority and the
Environment Agency to ensure each development is safe and suitable for use.
Chapter Three identifies what is required of the developer to satisfy their
contaminated land obligations. It includes a breakdown of each phase involved in
the assessment and mitigation of contaminated land.
Chapter Four includes details of useful contacts and opportunities for Tax Credit
when developing contaminated land sites.
Chapter Five lists sources for further information on contaminated land issues.
The Appendix contains details of the legal aspects of contaminated land, definitions,
examples of contaminative industries and potential pollutant pathways. Specific
Cambridge City Council documents are also provided, including the standard
Contaminated Land Planning Condition and a set of checklists to aid the completion
of Contaminated Land Reports.
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DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
2. The Council's Approach
2.1 City Council Corporate Objectives
6
This guide is presented in the context of the City Council's Medium Term
Objectives (July 2006).
To promote Cambridge as a sustainable city, in particular by reducing carbon
dioxide emissions and the amount of waste going into landfill in the City and
sub-region.
To ensure that residents and other service users have an entirely positive
experience of dealing with the Council.
To maintain a healthy, safe and enjoyable city for all, with thriving and viable
neighbourhoods.
To lead the growth of Cambridge to achieve attractive, sustainable new
neighbourhoods, including affordable housing, close to a good range of
facilities, and supported by transport networks so that people can opt not to use
the car.
All individuals, organisations and companies that may require advice and
assistance with respect to planning and contamianted land will be treated in a fair
and equitable manner.
The policies and protocols enclosed within this document will ensure the
development of viable neighbourhoods free from contamination problems.
2.2 The Council's Environmental Priorities
Within the Council's Medium Term Objectives, the following
environmental issues are identified as priority areas for action.
To tackle the causes and consequences of climate change.
To encourage sustainable waste management.
DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
To promote more sustainable modes of transport.
To raise awareness of environmental issues and promote
sustainable lifestyles.
To manage growth to achieve sustainable neighbourhoods.
To provide attractive, clean streets, neighbourhoods and open spaces.
Of all of these priority areas, the last is the most relevant to this document.
Providing attractive, clean streets, neighbourhoods and open spaces will require
the Council, amongst other things, to reduce pollution affecting land and related
environmental features, such as waterways and groundwater.
However, we shall have regard to all of the Council's environmental priority areas
as we seek to implement this document. For example, the remediation of any
contaminated sites will take account of natural resource use and adopt
sustainable waste management practices.
2.3 Planning Policy
There is a range of national, regional and local planning policies that, along with
other legislation, set out requirements for dealing with contaminated land.
Planning Policy Statement 23 (PPS23): Planning and Pollution Control (ODPM,
2004) is the key national planning policy document on contaminated land in
England. It sets out the key principles that regional planning bodies and local
planning authorities should adhere to in order to ensure that contaminated land is
fully considered in the development of planning policy and determination of
planning applications. Policies ENV5 and ENV7 within the Environment chapter of
the Regional Spatial Strategy for the East of England (GO-East, May 2008) set
out the requirements for proper consideration to be given to the remediation of
contaminated land.
At the local level, the Cambridge Local Plan 2006 sets out policies and proposals
for future development and land use in Cambridge. The plan sets out a vision for
Cambridge and objectives for achievement. It provides a means of guiding
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DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
change over long periods of time and establishes a framework against which
planning applications can be assessed. Policy 4/13 on Pollution and Amenity is
the key policy within the Cambridge Local Plan 2006. The forthcoming Local
Development Framework documents will supersede this document and will
provide policy coverage of pollution control as appropriate. The range of
documents, which will form the Local Development Framework for Cambridge,
are outlined on the Council's website www.cambridge.gov.uk.
Policy guidance is periodically reviewed and updated and it is the responsibility of
the developer to ascertain the current guidance prior to undertaking any works.
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DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
3. Responsibilities
The developer, the Local Planning Authority (LPA) and the Environment
Agency (EA) have certain responsibilities within the planning context to ensure
each development is safe and suitable for the proposed use.
3.1 Role of the Developer
The developer is responsible for ensuring that any proposed development is safe
and suitable for its intended use (PPS 23). In order to fulfil this obligation the
developer may be required to undertake an adequate investigation of the site to
determine:
1. Whether the proposed site is already affected by contamination, through the
source-pathway-receptor pollutant linkage.
2. Whether the development proposed will create new linkages.
3. What action is needed to break these linkages and avoid new ones, deal with
any unacceptable risks and enable the safe development and future occupancy
of the site and neighbouring land.
As a precaution PPS23 recommends that 'contamination should be assumed when
considering applications for all land on or next to a previous industrial use.
Where sensitive use such as domestic houses with gardens are being considered,
particular care needs to be exercised. In addition, for planning purposes, it is
immaterial whether the presence of the contaminants arises from human activities
or is present naturally'.
Once a site has been investigated and unacceptable risks have been identified it
is the developer's responsibility to undertake the necessary remediation in order to
satisfy the planning conditions (Cambridge City Council's standard Contaminated
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DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
Land Condition is given in Appendix 4). The developer is liable if, due to their
actions or omissions, on completion of the development the land is capable of
being classified as "Contaminated" under Part 2A (for more details on this
legislation see Appendix 1). Enforcement is via the planning conditions and
Building Control (Building Regulations C, 2000). When the procedure outlined in
the Contaminated Land Planning Conditions are implemented properly, land on a
new development should not be capable of being determined as "Contaminated
Land" under Part 2A.
3.2 Role of the Local Authority and the Planning Process
It is the responsibility of the Local Planning Authority (LPA) to regulate and control
new development throughout the City of Cambridge.
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Planning applications can be made by the submission of an outline application
followed by reserved matters or in one step as a full application. In either case the
LPA will require the completion of the standard planning application form. This
application form is written in line with the Town and Country Planning Act 1990.
Section 15 deals with questions directly related to contaminated land. Applicants
are required to describe the current use of the site, and respond "Yes" or "No" to
the following question.
Does the proposal involve any of the following:
1. Land which is known to be contaminated?
2. Land where contamination is suspected for all or part of the site?
3. A proposed use that would be particularly vulnerable to the presence of
contamination?
Please note: Even if all answers given are "No", the LPA will check their
own records for confirmation.
If the answer is "Yes" to any of these questions it is likely that the
standard Contaminated Land Condition (which contains four
DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
progressive phases) will be attached to the application. When this
is the case, it is advisable to contact the Council to discuss land
contamination issues before submitting the planning application.
Early liaison with the Council should ensure the correct information is
submitted and prevent delays and misunderstandings later in the
development.
In addition to information gathered from the applicant, the Environmental
Services Scientific Team are also consulted on planning applications. They review
their records to establish if the proposed development site has a previous known
potentially contaminative use. The information gathered will determine if the
standard planning condition for contaminated land is recommended for
attachment to the planning permission. The condition details the steps required to
fully assess, investigate and take action, if required, on potentially contaminated
land (Appendix 4).
However, on sites that have a history of prior industrial use where contamination
is a serious concern, the Scientific Team may request the first two phases of action
to fulfil the Contaminated Land Condition are submitted prior to a planning
decision being made. The information provided may result in one of the following
outcomes.
1. No further action required with respect to contaminated land.
2. A contaminated land condition is recommended for attachment to the planning
permission.
3. Based on the level of contamination, the Scientific Team would recommend that
the planning application be refused.
In addition to the requirements of the standard planning condition, large and
complicated sites may also be subject to additional planning obligations. A
planning obligation is a legally binding agreement between the LPA and the
developer under Section 106 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (as
amended). A Section 106 Agreement can ensure that certain extra works related
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DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
to the development are undertaken. In the context of contaminated land, this can
include independent verification of remedial works. For further details of planning
obligations see the ODPM Circular 05/2005.
For more general information on the planning application process see the
Planning Portal web site at www.planningportal.gov.uk or contact a Duty Planning
Officer at Cambridge City Council on (01223) 457200 or (01223) 457201 or
e-mail at: planning.devcontrol@cambridge.gov.uk.
The Council has an additional duty under Part 2A of the Environmental Protection
Act 1990 to implement a strategy to identify all contaminated sites, whether or
not they are subject to development proposals. The Council's Contaminated Land
Strategy can be obtained from Cambridge City Council's web site at
www.cambridge.gov.uk.
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3.3 Role of the Environment Agency
The EA is a statutory consultee in the planning process. The LPA will consult with
the EA when considering proposals for a development on land that may be
affected by contamination. This may result in the EA:
Making recommendations for site investigation, risk assessment or remedial
works.
Giving advice on work required before discharging a planning condition.
Advising the LPA on flooding, ecological assessment and groundwater
vulnerability issues.
The EA's role under Part 2A is to provide the LPA with advice and
guidance. It acts as the enforcing authority for any contaminated land
subsequently designated as a Special Site under the Contaminated
Land Regulations (DEFRA 01/2006).
DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
The EA also carries out a regulatory role, issuing consents and
licences for various activities that may have an impact on the
environment (this may apply to certain remediation works). It is the
developer's responsibility to apply to the EA and secure consent before
carrying out potentially environmentally sensitive activities on site.
The EA may advise the LPA on specific sites, such as those where the risk to
watercourses is significant. However the responsibility for granting planning
permission and ensuring compliance with planning conditions and obligations
remains with the LPA.
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DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
4. What is required of the Developer?
The developer has the primary responsibility for safeguarding land, controlled
waters and other property, including neighbouring land, against any risk from
contamination. If the Local Planning Authority is concerned about potential
contamination on the site a Contaminated Land Condition will be attached to the
planning application. Figure 1 summarises the four main phases that may be
necessary to ensure a site is suitable for use. Depending on the results of each
phase it may not be necessary for all phases to be completed. It should be noted
that no development works should commence prior to the approval of the
contaminated land assessment from the LPA.
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DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
Figure 1. Summary of the procedure for considering land contamination.
1.
Desk Study
Submit to LPA
Data sufficient
for decision
Information not sufficient.
Carry out site investigation or
further desk study required.
2.
Site investigation
Submit to LPA
Data sufficient
for decision
Information not sufficient.
Carry out further site
investigation.
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3.
Investigate works
required to make land
suitable for the
proposed use
Submit to LPA
Data sufficient
for decision
Proposed scheme not
satisfactory. Alternative or
further works needed.
4.
Verification of
remediation works
Submit to LPA
Validation data not sufficient.
Further information needed.
Data sufficient
for decision
The following chapter considers each
of the four phases in more detail.
DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
4.1 Phase 1: Desk Study
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The first step in the process is to
collect information about the site, to
establish if it is likely to be affected
by contamination. This involves a
preliminary risk assessment in order
to develop an outline Conceptual
Site Model and establish whether or
not there are any potentially
unacceptable risks arising from
contamination at the site. The
possibility of contamination should
be assumed when considering
planning applications in relation to
all land that has been subject to
previous industrial use (for examples
Quick phase locator diagram
of industry with potentially
contaminative activities see Appendix 2).
Sources of information presented in the
Desk Study should include all of the following as a minimum:
Historic Maps (an example is shown in Figure 2);
Trade Directories; and
Local Authority Records and Licences.
For full details of the information required in the Desk Study see
Appendix 5.
DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
Figure 2. Example Historic Map 1926-1927 Cambridge Gas Works.
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(© Crown copyright. All rights reserved. Cambridge City Council Licence No. 100019730, 2004).
The presence of suspected contamination does not necessarily mean the end
users of the site are at risk. To establish if an unacceptable risk exists, a
Conceptual Site Model should be generated to help identify a link between the
source of contamination and the pathway to a sensitive receptor. An example of a
Conceptual Site Model for an area, previously used as a petrol station, due for
development into housing is shown in Figure 3.
DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
18
Contaminated soil
ion
Rec
r
Pub
lic
River
Spills from
customer
activity
Vapours
eat
Direct contact,
soil vegetable
intake
Former petrol
station
Vapours
Futu
re
resi
den
ts
are
a
Figure 3. Example of a Conceptual Site Model for a former Petrol Station
where planning consent is sought for a change of use to housing.
Fuel tank
Vapours
Leaks from
underground
Contaminated soil
tank
Leaks from underground tank
Petroleum product on
surface of ground water
Petroleum product dissolved in groundwater
Adapted from Institute of Petroleum, Guidelines for the investigation and remediation of contaminated retail sites, Colchester, UK,
Portland Press, 1998.
The Conceptual Site Model should describe all potential pollutant linkages at the
site, taking into account the current and proposed use of the site. This information
can be displayed diagrammatically (shown in Figure 3), in written or tabular form.
DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
Figure 4. Example potential pollutant linkage identified from the
Conceptual Site Model shown in Figure 3.
SOURCE
RECEPTOR
PATHWAY
Leaking fuel tank
Future residents
Vapour inhalation
Once completed, the Desk Study should be submitted to the Local Planning
Authority for approval. Further action will be required if there are any gaps in
information provided or its assessment. For a checklist of information required in
the Desk Study see Appendix 5.
If the Desk Study identifies areas of potential risk then the developer should
proceed into Phase 2. In this case, the Desk Study should also include the
proposed investigation strategy (Phase 2) to be submitted to the Local Planning
Authority for approval prior to commencement of any testing.
Alternatively, the LPA may accept that no further action is required if the applicant
is able to demonstrate that the site does not present an unacceptable risk.
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DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
4.2 Phase 2: Site Investigation
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The Site Investigation phase is the
on-site validation of the Conceptual
Site Model. Its purpose is to refine
and update the Conceptual Site
Model, confirm pollutant linkages
and evaluate potentially
unacceptable risks. It should include
an intrusive investigation, chemical
testing and a quantitative risk
assessment. Intrusive testing on site
should include:
Soil sampling;
Ground water sampling; and/or
Gas sampling.
A quantitative risk assessment will be
Quick phase locator diagram
required in cases where
contamination is known to be present or is suspected at the site. The type and
number of samples required is determined by the individual site conditions.
However, in each case, the sampling strategy should have clear objectives
informed by the Phase 1 Desk Study and be approved by the LPA.
Chemical testing results should be included in the report along with their
evaluation and risk assessment. For a checklist of information required in the Site
Investigation Report see Appendix 5.
A copy of the Site Investigation Report should be submitted to the Local
Planning Authority for approval prior to the commencement of the
ground works.
DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
4.3 Phase 3:
Remediation Proposals
Progression to this stage occurs when
the risk assessment completed in
Phase 2 confirms the presence of a
pollutant linkage.
Remediation Proposals are now
required to show how identified risks
can be mitigated so that the site can
be made suitable for use. These
should detail the objectives,
methodology and procedures of the
proposed remediation works. For a
checklist of information required see
Appendix 5. The site Remediation
Proposals must also demonstrate how
Quick phase locator diagram
required works can be completed
without causing harm to the environment or creating new pollutant linkages. An
assessment of likely regulations required and feasibility of obtaining the appropriate
environmental licences and permits with the required timescales should be included.
These proposals must be submitted for approval before any development
commences.
A copy of the Remediation Proposals should be submitted to:
1. Development Control Officer (Planning) at the Guildhall; AND
2. Scientific Officer in Environmental Services at Mandela House.
4.4 Phase 4: Verification Report
A Verification Report must be submitted following completion of the remediation
works. This report must include evidence to demonstrate that the works have been
carried out satisfactorily and that the remedial targets have been met. The evidence
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DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
could include any of the following:
Quality assurance certificates;
Waste transfer documentation;
Sampling certificates;
Photographs (for example, illustrating sussessful
tank removal);
Gas membrane integrity testing from
installation company;
Gas, soil, groundwater testing postremediation;
Imported topsoil contamination test certificate.
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For a checklist of information required in the
Quick phase locator diagram
Verification Report see Appendix 5. A monitoring
and maintenance plan may also be required if
there is a need to demonstrate the continuing
effectiveness of the remediation works. This would be necessary for a development
near an active gassing landfill.
A copy of the Verification Report should be submitted to the Local Planning Authority
following the completion of the remediation works.
4.5 Summary of what information is required when
In most cases a Desk Study (Phase 1) will be required for all previously used sites
prior to the granting of planning consent.
In cases where there are concerns as to the suitability of a site for the relevant
development due to contamination both a Phase 1 and Phase 2 Investigation are
likely to be required prior to the granting of planning consent.
In all cases Contaminated Land Reports (Phase 1 only or Phase 1 and 2) and, if
necessary, Remediation Statements will be required for submission and approval by
the Local Planning Authority prior to commencement of development.
DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
5. Opportunities for Contaminated
Land Development
5.1 Contaminated Land Tax Credit
Contaminated Land Tax Credit was introduced by the Finance Act 2001 to improve
the viability of development on contaminated land. Qualifying land must be in the
UK and acquired by a company (not individuals or partnerships) for the purposes
of trade. For land that qualifies, companies can receive 150 percent accelerated
Tax Credit to cover the costs of cleaning up land affected by contamination. Tax
Credit is only available for cost incurred due to relevant remediation, including
preparatory activities such as assessing the condition of the land. The exact details
of this scheme have recently been under consultation, and it is anticipated that the
Government will release further legislation in the Financial Bill 2009. It is expected
that the cost of removing Japanese Knotweed and some other naturally occurring
contaminants will be included in this legislation. For more details about the
incentives and exemptions consult the HM Revenue and Customs site at
www.hmrc.gov.uk and for up-to-date information about the scheme refer to the
Financial Regulations at www.hm-ttreasury.gov.uk.
5.2 Contaminated Land Landfill Tax Exemption
Landfill Tax Exemption (Sections 43A and 43B of the Finance Act 1996
as inserted by the Landfill Tax Order 1996, SI 1996 No 1529) for
contaminated spoils from the remediation of land affected by
contamination is being phased out. The last date for application for
exemption certificates was the 30th November 2008. However, the
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DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
exemption certificates will remain valid until 31st March 2012 after which Landfill
Tax will be applied regardless of whether a certificate is held. For further
information consult Budget Notice 80 available at HM Revenue and Customs
website, www.hmrc.gov.uk.
5.3 Landfill Tax Credit Scheme
Through the Landfill Tax Credit Scheme, which has been in operation since 1996,
it is possible to apply for grants to:
Fund schemes for land reclamation where its use is prevented by a previous
activity; or
Reduce or prevent pollution of land whose use is prevented by a previous
activity.
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The scheme accepts applications from Environmental Bodies. It is the role of the
Environmental Bodies to ensure that Landfill Tax Credit money is spent in
accordance with the Landfill Tax Regulations 1996. It is the role of Entrust to audit
and verify the compliance of this activity. For further information on how to apply
for funding contact the Entrust Project Registration Department at the following
address:
Entrust (The Environmental Trust Scheme Regulatory Body Limited)
2nd Floor Acre House
Town Square
Sale
Cheshire
M33 7WZ
Tel: 01619 720044
Fax: 01619 720055
information@entrust.org.uk
www.entrust.org.uk
DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
6. Other Useful Information
6.1 Using Consultants
Depending on the type, level or extent of the contamination, some of the
processes involved in the development of the land may require the employment of
a specialist consultant or service (e.g., analytical laboratory). The developer
should appoint a consultant with appropriate levels of experience and ensure that
the consultant carries adequate levels of professional indemnity insurance.
Please note: The Council will not recommend individual consultants or
companies.
Some useful contacts for consultant groups and associated services are included
in Appendix 6.
6.2 Useful contacts
Environment Agency
Anglia Region Central Office
Bromholme Lane
Brampton
Huntingdon
PE29 6FH
Tel: 08708 506506
enquiries@environment-a
agency.gov.uk
www.environment-a
agency.gov.uk
Natural England
Eastbrook
Shaftesbury Road
Cambridge
CB2 8DR
Tel: 01223 4627727
Fax: 01223 533531
enquiries.east@naturalengland.org.uk
www.naturalengland.org.uk
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DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
English Heritage
East of England Region Office
Brooklands
24 Brooklands Avenue
Cambridge
CB2 8BU
Tel: 01223 582700
Fax: 01223 582701
eastofengland@
english-h
heritage.org.uk
www.english-h
heritage.org.uk
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DEFRA
Government Office for the East of
England
Eastbrook
Shaftesbury Road
Cambridge
CB2 8DF
Tel: 01223 372800
Fax: 01223 372801
EEPublicHealth@goeast.gsi.gov.uk
contaminatedland.enquiry@
defra.gsi.gov.uk
www.defra.gov.uk
Homes and Communities Agency
(HCA) formally the English Partnerships
and other organisations.
Westbrook Centre
Block A Suite 1
Milton Road
Cambridge
CB4 1YG
Tel: 0300 1234 500
Fax: 01223 272 531
mail@homesandcommunities.co.uk
www.homesandcommunities.co.uk
Formed in December 2008 by the
merger of the Functions and Assets
department of English Partnerships, the
Investment Functions of the Housing
Corporation, a number of delivery
programmes from Communities and
Local Government and the transfer of
the Academy for Sustainable
Communities.
DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
7 . Recommended References
Cambridge City Council Publications:
Cambridge City Council, 2001, Contaminated Land Strategy. Currently under
review, new version will be available soon from www.cambridge.gov.uk
British Standards Institute Publications:
BS 10175:2001 Investigation of potentially contaminated sites. Code of
practice and its investigation. ISBN: 0 580 33090 7. Available to order from
www.bsi-g
global.com
BS 5930:1999 Code of Practice for Site Investigations
global.com
ISBN: 978 0 580 61622 8. Available to order from www.bsi-g
DEFRA Publications:
Department of the Environment, 1994, CLR Report No 1. A framework for
assessing the impact of contaminated land on groundwater and surface water.
Available to download from www.eugris.info/envdocs/CLR01_01.pdf
Department of the Environment, 1994, CLR Report No 2. Guidance on
Preliminary Site Inspection of Contaminated Land. Available to download from
www.eugris.info/envdocs/CLR02_01.pdf
Department of the Environment, 1994, CLR Report No 3. Documentary
Research on Industrial Sites. Available to download from:
www.eugris.info/envdocs/CLR03_00.pdf
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DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
Department of the Environment, 1994, CLR Report No 4. Sampling Strategies
for Contaminated Land. Available to download from:
www.eugris.info/envdocs/CLR04_00.pdf
DEFRA Circular 01/2006 "Contaminated land" Environmental Protection Act
1990: Part 2A.
www.defra.gov.uk/environment/land/contaminated/legislation.htm
DEFRA: Guidance on the Legal Definition of Contaminated Land, July 2008.
www.defra.gov.uk/environment/land/contaminated/index.htm
CLAN 5/06: Extension of Part 2A to radioactivity
www.defra.gov.uk/environment/land/contaminated/technical-g
guidance.htm
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CLAN 1/07: Extension of Part 2A to radioactivity (CLAN 5/06) – further update
www.defra.gov.uk/environment/land/contaminated/technical-g
guidance.htm
DoE industry Profiles: Railway Land, Engineering works Etc.
www.environment-a
agency.gov.uk/research/planning/33708.aspx
Environment Agency Publications:
EA, 2005. Environment Agency Guidance on the Requirements for Land
Contamination Reports. Available to download at
www.environment-a
agency.gov.uk
EA and DETRA, 2004, CLR Report No 11. Model Procedures for the
management of land contamination. www.environmentagency.gov.uk/research/planning/40381.aspx
EA, August 2008. Science Report SC050021/SR2: Human health toxicological
assessment of contaminants in soil.
www.environment-a
agency.gov.uk/research/planning/64000.aspx
DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
EA, 2006. 'The Remedial Targets Methodology: Hydrological Risk Assessment
for Land Contamination'.
www.environment-a
agency.gov.uk/research/planning/40373.aspx
EA and NHBC, 2008. RandD Publication 66. Guidance for the Safe
Development of Housing on Land Affected by Contamination.
www.environment-a
agency.gov.uk/research/planning/40389.aspx
CIRIA Publications:
CIRIA, 2005. Remedial Treatment for Contaminated Land Volumes 1-12.
ISBN:0-86017-408-5. Available to order from www.ciria.org
CIRIA, 2007, Publication C665. Assessing risk posed by hazardous gases to
buildings. ISBN: 0-86017-665-7. Available to order from www.ciria.org
ODPM Publications:
Building Regulations C (2000). Site preparation and resistance to contaminants
and moisture. Office of the Deputy Prime Minister.
www.planningportal.gov.uk/england/professionals/en/4000000000242.html
ODPM, 2005. ODPM Circular 05/2005 Planning Obligations.
www.planningportal.gov.uk/england/government/en/1021020433713.html
Other Useful Publications:
Planning Policy Statement 23: Planning and Pollution Control.
www.planningportal.gov.uk
Health and Safetly Executive, 1991. Protection of workers and the General
Public during the Development of Contaminated Land. ISBN: 011-885657X.
NHBC. NHBC Standards Chapter 4.1. Land Quality – Managing Ground
Conditions. Updates made in 2008 effective from 1st September 2008.
Available to order from www.nhbc.co.uk
29
DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
8. Appendix One
Part 2A: Legal Context
30
Part 2A of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 addresses the legacy of
contaminated land by providing a regime for the identification and remediation of
contaminated land through an alternative mechanism to the planning process.
The regulations and statutory guidance (DEFRA 01/2006) came into force in April
2000. This document included the first statutory definition of contaminated land.
Although the planning process has a wider remit for assessment of land affected
by contamination, the Part 2A definition is a useful reference.
Prevention of new contamination is covered by Parts I and II of the Environmental
Protection Act 1990 and the Pollution Prevention and Control Act 1999. This
legislation controls emissions to air, water and land.
Defining contaminated land
Section 78A(2) of Part 2A of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 states:
Contaminated land is any land which appears to the local authority in whose area
it is situated to be in such a condition, by reason of substances in, on or under
the land, that:
1. significant harm is being caused or there is a significant possibility of such harm
being caused; or
2. with respect to radioactivity, harm is being caused or there is significant
possibility of such harm being caused; or
3. pollution of controlled waters is being, or is likely to be caused. (DEFRA
01/2006)
DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
(Controlled Water is defined by Part III of Water Resources Act 1991, except that
"groundwater" does not include waters contained in underground strata but above
the saturation zone, CLAN 5/04). Section 78A(5) requires the regulatory authority
to act in accordance with guidance issued by the Secretary of State in determining
significance and likelihood.
This Part 2A definition focuses on ensuring the land is suitable for its current use,
whereas the planning policy regime addresses its suitability of the proposed end
use. However, this definition is still a useful reference when trying to ensure no
new development can be classified as Part 2A.
Pollutant Linkages and Risk Assessment
The presence of contamination in, on or under the land does not by itself
necessarily present an unacceptable risk, nor therefore necessarily require action.
Risk arises where there is a pollution linkage, i.e., a pathway between a
contaminant, or source, and a vulnerable receptor.
For a site to meet the definition of contaminated land, a pollutant linkage must be
established.
A pollutant linkage consists of three parts.
1. A source of contamination in, on or under the ground (sometimes referred to as
a Hazard).
2. A pathway, one or more routes or means by, or through, which a receptor is, or
could be, exposed to or affected by a contaminant.
3. A receptor of a type specified in the regulations (sometimes referred to as a
Target).
(DEFRA 01/2006)
31
DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
9. Appendix Two
Examples of Potentially Contaminating Uses of Land and Situations
Where Land may be Affected by Contamination
Land contamination is a material consideration for the purposes of planning
legislation. Before granting permission, the Council as Local Planning Authority
must ensure that full account is taken of the condition of the land concerned and
that appropriate remediation is to be carried out as part of the development
process. Early identification of the presence of substances with a potential to
cause harm prevent rising costs encountered due to mitigation problems identified
when a development is underway.
32
Smelters, foundries, steel works, metal processing and finishing works
Coal and mineral mining and processing, both deep mines and opencast
Heavy engineering and engineering works, e.g. car manufacture, shipbuilding
Military/defence related activities
Electrical and electronic equipment manufacture and repair
Gasworks, coal carbonisation plants, power stations
Oil refineries, petroleum storage and distribution sites
Manufacture and use of asbestos, cement, lime and gypsum
Manufacture of organic and inorganic chemicals, including pesticides,
acids/alkalis, pharmaceuticals, solvents, paints, detergents and cosmetics
Rubber industry, including tyre manufacture
Munitions and explosives production, testing and storage sites
Glass making and ceramics manufacture
Textile industry, including tanning and dyestuffs
Paper and pulp manufacture, printing works and photographic processing
Timber treatment
Food processing industry and catering establishments
DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
Railway depots, dockyards (including filled dock basins), garages, road haulage
depots, airports
Landfill, storage and incineration of waste
Sewage works, farms, stables and kennels
Abattoirs, animal waste processing and burial of diseased livestock
Scrap yards
Dry cleaning premises
All types of laboratories
Other uses and types of land that might result in contamination include:
Radioactive substances used in industrial activities not mentioned above
– e.g. gas mantle production, luminising works
Burial sites and graveyards
Agriculture – excessive use or spills of pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, sewage
sludge and farm waste disposal
Naturally-occurring radioactivity, including radon
Naturally-occurring elevated concentrations of metals and other substances
Methane and carbon dioxide production and emissions in coal mining areas,
wetlands, peat moors or former wetlands
The DoE Profiles are booklets describing a range of industrial processes and the
likely contaminants associated with each. They are available to download free
agency.gov.uk.
from the Environment Agency web site at www.environment-a
33
DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
10. Appendix Three
Examples of Potential Pathways Where Receptors may be Affected
by Contamination
Human health
34
Uptake of contaminants by food plants grown in contaminated soil: Heavy metals
(e.g. cadmium, lead) and persistent organic pollutants including certain pesticides
and veterinary products may result in an accumulation in food plants to
concentrations where they exceed legal limits and/or may pose a hazard to human
health. Uptake will depend on concentration in soil, its chemical form, soil pH, plant
species and prominence in diet.
Ingestion and inhalation: Substances may be ingested directly by young children
playing on contaminated soil, by eating plants which have absorbed metals or are
contaminated with soil or dust. Ingestion may also occur via contaminated water
supplies. Metals, some organic materials and radioactive substances may be
inhaled from dusts and soils.
Skin contact: Soil containing tars, oils and corrosive substances may cause irritation
to the skin through direct contact. Some substances (e.g. phenols) may be absorbed
into the body through the skin or through cuts and abrasions.
Irradiation: As well as being inhaled and absorbed through the skin, radioactive
materials emitting gamma rays can cause a radiation response at a distance from
the material itself.
Fire and explosion: Materials such as coal, coke particles, oil, tar, pitch, rubber,
plastic and domestic waste are all combustible. If heated by contact with buried
power cables or careless disposal of hot ashes they may ignite and burn
underground. Both underground fires and biodegradation of organic materials may
produce toxic or flammable gases.
Methane and other gases may explode if allowed to accumulate in confined spaces.
DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
Buildings
Fire and explosion: Underground fires may cause ground subsidence and cause
structural damage to buildings. Accumulations of flammable gases in confined
spaces leads to a risk of explosion. Underground fires may damage building
services.
Chemical attack on building materials and services: Sulphates may attack concrete
structures. Acids, oils and tarry substances may accelerate corrosion of metals or
attack plastics, rubber and other polymeric materials used in pipework and service
conduits or as jointing seals and protective coatings to concrete and metals.
Physical: Blast-furnace and steel-making slag (and some natural materials) may
expand if ground conditions are changed by development. Degradation of fills may
cause settlement and voids in buried tanks and drums may collapse as corrosion
occurs or under loading from construction traffic.
Natural environment
Phytotoxicity (prevention/inhibition of plant growth): Some metals essential for plant
growth at low levels are phytotoxic at higher concentrations. Methane and other
gases may give rise to phytotoxic effects by depleting the oxygen content in the root
zone.
Contamination of water resources: soil has a limited capacity to absorb, degrade or
attenuate the effects of pollutants. When this is exceeded, polluting substances may
enter into surface and groundwaters.
Ecotoxological effects: Contaminants in soil may affect microbial, animal and plant
populations. Ecosystems or individual species on the site, in surface waters or areas
affected by migration from the site may be affected.
The construction process itself must also be considered since new pathways can be
created by piling, drain laying or constructing service trenches.
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DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
11. Appendix Four
Cambridge City Council's Contaminated Land Planning Condition
No development approved by this permission shall be commenced prior to a
contaminated land assessment and associated remedial strategy, together with
a timetable of works, being submitted to the Local Planning Authority (LPA) for
approval.
36
a) The contaminated land assessment shall include the Desk Study (Phase 1) to
be submitted to the LPA for approval. The Desk Study shall detail the history
of the site uses and propose a Site Investigation strategy based on the
relevant information discovered by the Desk Study. The strategy shall be
approved by the LPA prior to investigations commencing on site.
b) The Site Investigation (Phase 2), including relevant soil, soil gas, surface
and groundwater sampling, shall be carried out by a suitable qualified and
accredited consultant/contractor in accordance with a quality assured
sampling and analysis methodology.
c) A Site Investigation report detailing all investigation works and sampling on
site, together with the results analysis, risk assessment to any receptors and
a proposed remediation strategy shall be submitted to the LPA. The LPA
shall approve such remedial works as required prior to any remediation
commencing on site. The works shall be of such a nature as to render
harmless the identified contamination given the proposed end use of the site
and surrounding environment including any controlled waters.
DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
d) Approved remediation works (Phase 3) shall be carried out in full on site
under a quality assurance scheme to demonstrate compliance with the
proposed methodology and best practice guidance.
e) If, during the works, contamination is encountered which has not previously
been identified then the additional contamination shall be fully assessed
and an appropriate remediation scheme agreed with the LPA.
f) Upon completion of the works, this condition shall not be discharged until a
closure report (Phase 4) has been submitted to an approved by the LPA. The
closure report shall include details of the proposed remediation works and
quality assurance certificates to show that the works have been carried out in
full in accordance with the approved methodology. Details of any postremedial sampling and analysis to show the site has reached the required
clean-up criteria shall be included in the closure report together with the
necessary documentation detailing what waste materials have been removed
from site.
37
DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
12. Appendix Five
Checklists for reports submitted in support of planning applications
These checklists have been included to aid the completion of Contaminated Land
Reports and therefore aid the processing of planning applications. It provides a
guide to what the Council will require to satisfy each phase in the Contaminated
Land Planning Condition. If any of the items in the checklist are not included in a
report then a full explanation should be included to justify their omission.
Phase 1: Desktop Report
Submitted for approval prior to commencement of development works
38
Purpose and aim of the report
Site location and layout plans appropriately scaled and annotated
Description of site and surroundings
Appraisal of site history, identifying any potential contaminating features
Appraisal of site walkover survey
Assessment of the environmental setting including:
Geology, hydrogeology, hydrology;
Information from the Environment Agency on abstractions, pollution
incidents, water quality classification, landfills within 250m etc.
Description of current use of site and surrounding area
Description of proposed use
Review and summary of previous contamination reports,
including references
Included
DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
Preliminary (qualitative) assessment of risks, to include:
Conceptual Site Model
Identification of all the potential contaminant sources, pathways,
and receptors (pollutant linkages)
Conclusion describing the likely risks, if any
Discussion of uncertainties and gaps in information
Description and justification of the next steps proposed at the site,
to include:
Identification of target area for more detailed investigation,
if necessary
39
Phase 2: Detailed Site Investigation Reports
Submitted for approval prior to commencement of development works
Purpose and aim of the report
Review and summary of any previous reports, with report references
Conceptual Site Model from Phase 1
Site Investigation objectives
Site Investigation methodology should include:
a) A plan of the site showing:
exploration locations;
location of on site structures;
above/below ground storage tanks etc. at the appropriate scale
with annotation;
Included
DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
b) Justification of exploration locations
c) Justification of the sampling and analytical strategies chosen
d) Descriptions of the methods used for collecting, preserving and
transporting samples
e) Bore hole /trial pit logs
Results and findings of Site Investigation to include:
Ground conditions (soil, gas and water regimes, including
made ground)
Discussion of soil/ground water contamination (visual, olfactory,
analytical and monitoring data)
Conceptual Site Model (diagrammatic and written description to
explain any changes from Phase 1 model)
40
Risk assessment based on contaminant source-pathway-receptor
model (to assess the consequences and likelihood of occurrence)
Details of the site specific risk assessment model used and an
explanation for why it is valid for the site
Details of the model input parameters and calculations
Details of the constraints and limitations of the data and risk
assessment
Identification of pollutant linkages that present an unacceptable risk
Recommendations for the remediation, using the 'suitable for use'
approach – to consider both the current use, circumstances of the land
and the proposed site end use
Recommendations for further investigation if necessary
DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
Phase 3: Remediation Statements
Submitted for approval prior to remediation works
Included
Objectives of the remediation works
Details of the remediation works to be carried out, to include:
Description of ground conditions (soil, gas, water);
Type, form and scale of contamination to be remediated;
Remediation methodology;
Site plans/drawings (appropriately scaled and annotated);
Phasing of works and approximate timescales;
Consents and licences (discharge consents, waste management
licence, asbestos waste material removal licence etc);
Site management measures to protect neighbours, environment
and amenity during works
Details of how the works will be validated to ensure the remediation
objectives have been met, to include:
Sampling strategy;
Use of on site observations, visual/olfactory evidence;
Chemical analysis and/or monitoring data;
Proposed clean up standards (i.e. contaminant concentration);
Whether validation will be phased
Important: During the remediation works, if any changes to the
strategy have to be made these must be agreed with the Scientific
Team in writing before they are implemented
41
DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
Phase 4: Verification Reports
Submitted for approval following remediation works
Type, form and scale of contamination to be remediated
Details of who carried out the work
Details and justification of any changes from the original
remediation statement
42
Substantiating data – should be included where appropriate:
Laboratory and in situ test results;
Monitoring results for groundwater and gases and details of
monitoring programme post completion of remedial works,
where agreed;
Summary data plots and tables relating to clean-up criteria;
Plans showing treatment areas and details of any differences from
the original Remediation Statement;
Waste management documentation;
Photographs identifying the works undertaken.
Confirmation that the remediation objectives have been met, for
example, a Certificate of Completion
Included
DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
13. Appendix Six
Useful contacts and addresses for Consultants and Associated Services
Association of Consultant Engineers
Alliance House
12 Caxton Street
Westminster
London
SW1H 0QL
Tel: 0207 222 6557
Fax: 0207 222 0750
www.acenet.co.uk
Provides a free listing of all its members categorised by specialisms, one of which
is contaminated land.
Association of Consulting Scientists Limited
5 Willow Heights
Cadley Heath
West Midlands
B64 7PL
Tel: 01216 023515
Fax: 01216 021062
secretary@consultingscientists.co.uk
www.consultingscientists.co.uk
Publishes a directory of its members. Provides details of member practices.
Association members provide advisory, analytical and testing services in various
fields of specialisation.
43
DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
Association of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Specialists
Forum Court
83 Copers Cope Road
Beckenham
Kent
BR3 1NR
Tel: 0208 658 8212
Fax: 0208 663 0949
ags@ags.org.uk
www.ags.org.uk
Members are both consultants and contractors involved in the geoenvironment
offering services in ground investigation, contaminated land assessment and
remediation, laboratory testing and analysis, environmental audits, hydrogeology
and pollution control. Copies of membership list and details of publications are
available from the Administrator.
44
British Expertise
1 Westminster Palace Gardens
Artillery Row
London
SW1P 1RJ
Tel: 0207 222 3651
Fax: 0207 222 3664
mail@britishexpertise.org
www.britishexpertise.org
Formerly the British Consultant Bureau. A non-profit making multidisciplinary
organisation of almost 250 independent consultancy firms and individuals. It has
an environmental group representing engineers, architects, environmentalists,
lawyers, economics and other consultancy disciplines. Direct enquiries are
accepted to assist in identifying appropriate consultants.
DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
Environmental Data Services (ENDS)
11-17 Wolverton Gardens
London
W67 DY
Tel: 0208 267 8100
Fax: 0208 267 8150
post@ends.co.uk
www.endsdirectory.com
Holds a detailed database of consultants and offers a free service to anyone
(including non-members); searches usually provide a minimum of five consultants
meeting the criteria provided. ENDS directory of Environmental Consultants is a
detailed directory of over 400 consultants which includes information on choosing
a consultancy. ENDS also publishes an analysis of the environmental consultancy
market.
UK Accreditation Services
UKAS
21-47 High Street
Feltham
Middlesex
TW13 4UN
Tel: 0208 917 8400
Fax: 0208 917 8500
info@ukas.com
www.ukas.org
UKAS provides a searchable database to locate laboratories accredited for
specific tests.
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DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
14. Glossary
This Glossary provides an interpretation of terms used in the
Developers Guide to aid understanding.
Brownfield site
A previously developed site which is
or was occupied by a permanent
structure, including the curtilage of
the developed land and any
associated fixed surface infrastructure.
46
CCC
Cambridge City Council
CIRIA
Construction Industry Research and
Information Association
Conceptual Site Model
A representation which sets out the all
possible pollutant linkages of concern
for a particular land contamination
problem.
Contaminated land
Any land which appears to the local
authority in whose area it is situated
to be in such a condition, by reason
of substances, in, on or under the
land that:
a) significant harm is being caused or
there is a significant possibility of
such harm being caused; or
b) pollution of controlled waters is
being, or is likely to be caused or
with respect to radioactive
contamination defined in section
78A (2) (as modified) as:
a) harm is being caused, or
b) there is significant possibility of
such harm being caused.
Contaminated land planning condition
This condition details the steps
required to fully assess, investigate
and take action, if required, on
potentially contaminated land prior to
the commencement of development.
DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
Controlled waters
They include:
a) inland waters (river, streams,
underground streams, canals, lakes
and reservoirs)
b) groundwaters (any water contained
in underground strata (except if it is
above the saturation zone), wells or
boreholes)
c) territorial waters (the sea within three
miles of a baseline)
d) coastal waters (the sea within the
baseline up to the line of highest
tide, and tidal waters up to the fresh
water limit.
DEFRA
Department for Environment Food and
Rural Affairs
Desk Study
The Phase 1 Contaminated Land
Report designed to identify any past
potential contaminative uses of a site
through information gathering.
Development Control
The Local Authority department that
receives and considers the merits of a
planning application and whether it
should be given planning permission
having regard to the development plan
and all other material considerations.
EA
The Environment Agency
LPA
Local Planning Authority
ODPM
Office of the Deputy Prime Minister
Part 2A
Part 2A of the Environmental
Protection Act 1990
Pathway
One or more routes by which a
receptor can be exposed to a
contaminant.
Pollutant linkage
The relationship between a
contaminant, a pathway and a
receptor.
PPS23
Planning Policy Statement 23:
Planning and Pollution Control
Receptor
The receptor is a living organism, an
ecological system or a piece of
property that is being, or could be,
harmed by contamination.
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DEVELOPERS GUIDE TO CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
Remediation
The carrying out of works to prevent
or minimise effects of contamination.
Source
A substance in, on or under the
ground with the ability to cause harm.
Remediation Proposals
The Phase 3 Contaminated Land
Report detailing the objectives,
methodology and procedures of the
proposed remediation works.
Special site
Any contaminated land so designated
due to the presence of:
Waste acid tar lagoons
Oil refining
Explosives
Environmental Permitting
Controlled Sites
Nuclear Sites
Ministry of Defence Sites
Pollution of controlled waters.
Risk assessment, the study of:
a) the probability, or frequency,
of a hazard occurring; and
b) the magnitude of the
consequences.
48
Section 106 Agreement
Any legal agreements between a
planning authority and a developer
that ensure that certain extra works
related to a development are
undertaken.
Site Investigation
The Phase 2 Contaminated Land
Report involving an intrusive
investigation of the site, chemical
testing and a quantitative risk
assessment.
Suitable for use
A site must not pose an unacceptable
risk to human health or the wider
environment from its actual or
intended use.
Verification Report
The Phase 4 Contaminated Land
Report presenting evidence to
demonstrate that proposed
remediation works have been
satisfactorily carried out.
CONTAMINATED LAND IN CAMBRIDGE
Contaminated Land
in Cambridge
Developers Guide
Environmental Services
Mandela House
4, Regent Street
Cambridge, CB2 1BY
Tel: 01223 457890
Fax: 01223 457909
Email: env.health@cambridge.gov.uk
Can be downloaded from www.cambridge.gov.uk
Printed on recycled paper. Please recycle.
April 2009