GE Security FHSD700 PipeTracer user manual version 1-0 / february 2005 http://www.geindustrial.com/ge-interlogix/emea © 2005 GE Security B.V.. All rights reserved. GE Security B.V. grants the right to reprint this manual for internal use only. GE Security B.V. reserves the right to change information without notice. 2 FHSD700 PipeTracer User Manual CONTENTS 1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 4 1.1 Product description ....................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Product scope and definition......................................................................................................... 4 1.3 How air-sampling works ................................................................................................................ 4 2 User Guide ............................................................................................................................................. 6 2.1 Creating a new project .................................................................................................................. 6 2.2 Editing an existing project ............................................................................................................. 8 2.3 Viewing a project........................................................................................................................... 9 2.4 Predicting results......................................................................................................................... 10 2.5 Other options............................................................................................................................... 11 FHSD700 PipeTracer User Manual 3 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Product description PipeTracer is a pipe installation modelling and flow calculation application for Windows platforms. Once your pipe network has been modelled the application can predict: Flow times [response] Flow volumes Pressure drops Advanced numerical optimisation techniques ensure a fast air flow calculation time. All calculations are based upon full fluid dynamics theory and take account of laminar and turbulent flow regimes within the system. PipeTracer will model a single wide-bore system using the following aspirating detector panels: FHSD720 Pico (2 pipe, 1 address) FHSD721 (4 pipe, 1 address) FHSD724D (4 pipe, 4 address) FHSD726D (6 pipe, 6 address) 1.2 Product scope and definition A system consists of an aspirating detector panel and one or more pipes passing through the area to be protected. Sampling holes in the pipe allow air to be drawn in the protected area. Traces of smoke will then register in the central detector, triggering alarms. Wide-bore systems are typically constructed using ABS 25 mm outer diameter pipe. For more information on pipe specifications and installation design refer to the FHSD700 Ducts Installation manual. NOTE! Branching or T pipe installations are not modelled in PipeTracer 1.3 How air-sampling works To protect an area, air-sampling systems must draw air from the area in question to the central detector. Traces of smoke must reach the detector within an acceptable time. Air samples must not be excessively diluted, that is the flow (Qs) through one sampling hole must be a reasonable fraction of the total flow (Qt) into the detector. If Qs is much less than Qt, the smoke will not register. Therefore a value for the effective sensitivity of each sampling hole is needed. 4 FHSD700 PipeTracer User Manual Balance No single sampling hole in a pipe should dominate or be overshadowed by the other sampling holes. A useful measure of this is the balance, where: Balance = 100* (Qmax – Qmin)/[ Qmax + Qmin] Qmax is the largest flow through a hole in the pipe Qmin is the smallest flow through a hole in the pipe If the balance is greater than 50% the system is considered to be acceptable. Air flow calculation In order to predict the response time, effective sensitivity and balance, we need to calculate the airflow through the pipe network. This requires that we find the flows though the holes such that the pressure supplied by the fan matches the pressure losses through the pipework. These pressure losses include: Entry losses at sampling and end holes Friction losses in the pipe and capillaries Bend losses These depend upon a number of factors, including the volume of air, pipe diameter, air viscosity, sampling hole diameters and bend radii; all linked in highly non-linear equations. At every sampling hole and at the fan itself two conditions must be met: Air volume flow out must equal sum of air volume in Pressure drops from outside world to that point, by whatever route, must be equal. Iterative methods have to be used to find the solutions. Once the flow volumes and pressure drops have been calculated, the response times can be derived from the air peak velocities at each stage of the pipe system. FHSD700 PipeTracer User Manual 5 2 USER GUIDE 2.1 Creating a new project To create a new project: Select the New Project option from the File menu, or Click the Create New Project icon in the toolbar. Each of the above options will launch the PipeTracer Setup wizard for modelling new systems. Figure 1: The Setup Wizard Creating a new project is a six-stage process: 1. Select the system type 2. Define heights 3. Define number of pipes 4. Define sampling holes 5. Define bends 6. Create model 2.1.1 Select the system type Select the FHSD700 system to be used: FHSD720 Pico FHSD721 FHSD724D FHSD726D 6 FHSD700 PipeTracer User Manual 2.1.2 Define heights. You must define the height from the top of the aspirating panel to the floor and the ceiling height. For systems with a separate fan and base unit you must also define the fan height. 2.1.3 Define number of pipes Each pipe has a maximum number of pipes coming from it (2 pipes from FHSD720 Pico, 4 pipes from FHSD721 and FHSD724D, 6 pipes from FHSD724D). You may use one, some or all of these. 2.1.4 Define sampling holes Most wide-bore systems use sampling holes to increase the area covered. PipeTracer will create a default set of pipes, with equally spaced sampling holes. The default values PipeTracer uses for hole spacing, hole diameter, capillaries etc may be changed by the user during or after the project creation stage. Once these are created individual sampling holes may be altered. These are shown within an editable spreadsheet, which shows all sampling holes for a single pipe: Figure 2: New project – sampling hole details To edit the sampling holes in another pipe select the required pipe in the field at the top of the dialog. The Location is the distance between the sampling hole and the fan, measured along the pipe. 2.1.5 Define bends PipeTracer automatically inserts a riser at the beginning of each pipe to take the pipe up from the unit/fan to the ceiling. A short pipe segment follows the riser so that the main segment is parallel to the other pipes. To insert other bends select Extra bend and enter the number of bends you require on the current pipe. FHSD700 PipeTracer User Manual 7 2.1.6 Create model This is the final stage before the new project is created. Review your project details and click Finish to create the pipe network with the options you have selected. 2.2 Editing an existing project To edit an existing project open the project and select Pipe Editor from the View Menu or click the icon on the toolbar. The Pipe Editor window will appear. This can be visible at the same time as the drawing and the results forms. It enables you to alter parameters of the parts making up one of the pipes. Figure 3: The Pipe Editor window The Pipe Editor window has 4 tabs: Holes, Bends, Segments and Risers. Each tab contains an editable spreadsheet which shows the data for the selected item. To alter the angle of the second bend in the third pipe: select Bends and then select Pipe 3 in the lower left of the Pipe Editor window. Edit the appropriate item in the second row. The first column for all tabs is Location. This is the distance from the start of the selected item to the aspirating panel (the start of an item is that end nearest the aspirating panel). Note! When a change is made the drawing and other form data will update automatically. 8 FHSD700 PipeTracer User Manual 2.3 Viewing a project A project can be viewed in two ways: Pipework Drawing, or Project Explorer Pipework Drawing Select Pipework Drawing from the View Menu or click the icon in the toolbar. A scaled drawing of the pipes will be displayed. The small circles represent the holes. If capillaries are attached to a hole, then a small line comes out of the hole, normal to the main pipe segment. The pipework drawing is automatically updated when you edit the system parameters. Figure 4: Pipework Drawing Project Explorer This option displays the pipe network in a tree structure. Select Project Explorer from the View Menu or click the icon in the toolbar. FHSD700 PipeTracer User Manual 9 2.4 Predicting results It is vital to be able to predict flow volumes, response times, balance etc. These are easily accessible, both for individual pipes, and for the entire system through two forms. 2.4.1 Single pipe Select Pipe Performance from the View Menu, or click the icon in the toolbar. The Pipe Performance window will open. This includes details for flow rates, pressure drops, response time etc for all sampling holes in the selected pipe. Figure 5: The Pipe Performance window Each row shows the values for a single sampling hole in the pipe (sampling hole 1 is always nearest to the system). Details displayed are: Flow volume through the sampling hole. Time taken for smoke to travel from the sampling hole to the fan. Pressure drop from the outside atmosphere to inside the pipe at the location of the sampling hole. Sensitivity. Assuming that the detector has a full scale sensitivity of 0.1% obscuration/metre. This column shows the effective sensitivity of each sampling hole (found by dividing the total flow/flow thru the hole). Note: a larger number means that it is less sensitive. 10 FHSD700 PipeTracer User Manual 2.4.2 All pipes Select System Performance from the View Menu, or click the icon in the toolbar. The System Performance window will open. This includes details for flow rates, pressure drops, response time etc for all pipes in the system. Figure 6: The System Performance window The following details are displayed for each pipe: Pipe length. Pipe diameter. The internal pipe diameter (this is fixed and cannot be edited). Holes. The number of sampling holes in the pipe (excluding the end cap). Flow. The volume of air passing out of the pipe into the fan. Balance. (Balance = 100* (Qmax – Qmin)/[ Qmax + Qmin). Time. The time taken for air to travel from the end cap to the system. Sensitivity. Assuming that the detector has a full scale sensitivity of 0.1% obscuration/meter. This row shows the effective sensitivity of each pipe (found by dividing the total system flow/flow thru the pipe). Note: a larger number means that it is less sensitive. 2.5 Other options PipeTracer includes the following tools in the Options Menu. 2.5.1 Units of measurement Units of measurements may be entered or displayed as either Metric or Imperial values. The following units are used. Table 1: Metric / Imperial measurement units Parameter Metric Imperial Length Metres [m] Feet [ft] Diameter Millimetres [mm] Inches [in] Flow rate Litres/minute [l/mn] Cubic feet/minute [ft³/mn] Pressure Pascals [Pa] Pounds/sq inch [psi] FHSD700 PipeTracer User Manual 11 2.5.2 Air temperature Changes to air temperature may alter the kinematic viscosity of the air. This has an impact on the pressure loss contributions. In PipeTracer you can alter the air temperature between 0º and 100ºC. 12 FHSD700 PipeTracer User Manual ? 1052361