Capacity Building for Entomology and Vector Control Malaria Policy
Advisory Committee Meeting
12 September 2013
Contribu)on from the Vector Control Technical Expert Group 1
Capacity Building for Entomology and
Vector Control
  Rationale
  Elements addressed
  Recommendations
  Countries
  Partners
  WHO
  Complementary WHO activities
2
Rationale
Entomology and vector control remain
fundamental to malaria control
Adapt to threats:
Insecticide resistance, shifting transmission
patterns, constrained resources
Expand opportunities:
Public Health entomology with better
project management, epidemiological, data
management and mapping skills
3
Bottom Line
Investment in human resources for public
health entomology and vector control will:
  save money;
  ensure the gains of past decade are not lost;
  enable us to continue on path to elimination.
4
Elements addressed
  Entomological surveillance (mapping, resistance)
  Infrastructure
  Opportunities for expanded information
management
  Revision of current curricula
  Career opportunities
  Partner coordination
5
Entomological Surveillance: vector mapping
larval control, species shifts and habitat change
Daw Mar Mar Win, VBDC, Myanmar
An. arabiensis (bottom, green bars)
Bayoh (2010) Malaria Journal 2010, 9:62
6
Entomological surveillance:
insecticide resistance monitoring 7
Photo: Bill Brogdon, CDC
Infrastructure capacity: basic entomology laboratory
morphological identification, dissections, bioassays
8
Photo: Bill Brogdon, CDC
Infrastructure capacity: reference laboratory
molecular species identification, resistance mechanisms
Collaborative
arrangements with national
institutes for reference
laboratory support
Lane 1 An. quadriannulatus,
Lane 2 An. merus/melas,
Lane 3 An. gambiae,
Lane 4 An. arabiensis,
Lane 5 1kb ladder
Photos from:
Ace-1 resistance PCR-RFLP. Lane 1,
1kb ladder, lanes 2-4 An. gambiae homozyogous
for
ace-1 resistance mutation, lane 5 homozygous
An.
arabiensis negative for the ace-1 mutation
oxidase enzyme bioassay with elevated enzyme
levels indicated by the darker colors
9
East African PCR. Lane 1, 1 kb marker, 2,
resistant, 3, susceptible, and 4, heterozygous
Opportunities for expanded information
management
Expand “Public Health” entomologist skills in
epidemiology, information management, and mapping
Stratification and
identification of
transmission foci for
more efficient use of
resources
spatial decision support systems
10 Gerard C. Kelly, Marcel Tanner,, Andrew Vallely and Archie Clements
Additional Elements
  Revising curricula to meet the needs of control
programmes
o
Specific skills needed at each level of the program
  Career structures for entomologists and vector
control specialists (e.g. Environmental Health Technicians)
o
Providing management skills for career advancement
  Donor coordination
o  Focus on the long-term, sustaining efforts after
projects end: building a new generation of public health
professionals
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Recommendations to Countries
  Ensure intersectoral coordination mechanism for
capacity building responsible for developing a
long-range strategic plan;
  Strengthen collaboration with Ministry of
Education, Universities and in-service training
programmes to ensure public health entomology
and vector control included in curricula;
  Ensure that posts and career development
opportunities are established at national and
subnational levels within ministries of health or
other appropriate government structures;
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Recommendations to Countries
(continued)
  Establish arrangements among universities,
training and research institutions and the NMCP
to provide ongoing training and support for
entomologists and vector control experts;
  Conduct training needs assessment and curricula
review for pre-service and in-service training;
  Ensure sufficient resources for capacity building
in bi-lateral and multi-lateral projects and funding
requests based on national strategic plans.
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Recommendations to Partners
  Ensure that all support to countries has a strong
component of capacity-building and national
“ownership” in all technical and management
activities;
  Support NMCP to define and implement
strategies for adequate human resources and
systems after partner engagement ends;
  Support global and regional efforts to revise
curricula and make available training and
mentoring opportunities for national staff.
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Recommendations to WHO
  Mobilize resources for capacity building activities;
  Facilitate entomological monitoring and vector
control needs assessment;
  Support revision and adaptation of curricula in
entomology and vector control that address the
needs of vector control programme staff at
national and sub-national levels;
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Recommendations to WHO (continued)
  Develop prototype strategic plans for capacity-
building; facilitate the development and
dissemination of training materials;
  Support regional and global collaboration
networks for training, technical support and
continued mentoring;
  Support a clearly defined advocacy strategy for
public health entomology and vector control
professionals, developed in collaboration with
global, regional and national partners.
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Complementary WHO activities
  Vector Control Technical Expert Group document:
Basic Entomological Monitoring Package
  Examples of capacity strengthing for NMCPs
  Publication of vector control and entomological
monitoring technical and training manuals
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Basic Entomological Monitoring Package
(under development)
  Rationale for entomological monitoring
  Basic indicators
  Location and times for entomological sampling
  Responsibility for collection and analysis
  Indicators and design for monitoring interventions
  Special considerations for Human Landing
Collections
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Training and Mentoring Opportunities
  Formal courses,
o  The Blue Nile Institute, Gezira University, Sudan
o  International Advanced Course, Martsinovsky Institute, Moscow
o  DAP&E, Kuala Lumpur
o  AFRO Regional Training Program, Addis Ababa
o  IRD and CREC, Cotonou
  Short term training
o  Africa Network on Vector Resistance (ANVR)
o  Asian Collaborative Training Network on Malaria (ACTMalaria)
  Mentoring
o  Pan- African Mosquito Control Association (launch at MIM)
o  Mosquito Control Association/Nigeria
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WHO GMP vector control publications,
2013
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Capacity building summary
  Rationale:
o
o
adapt to threats, expand opportunities;
will save money and enable path to elimination
  Recommendations:
o
o
o
Countries – career structures
Partners – long-term vision
WHO – technical guidance and advocacy
  Complementary WHO activities:
o
publications and technical materials; training;
advocacy, support to networks
21