IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Initiative
Dr. Yuri Khersonsky
ykhersonsky@ieee.org
Abstract
Electric Ship Technologies identified by the IEEE Technical Activities Board (TAB) as one of the 10
emerging technological challenges that cut across the fields of multiple IEEE societies as well as
engineering societies outside IEEE. The goal of this integrated initiative is to enhance technological
advances utilization for all related applications by combining advanced research & development
accomplishments in universities and research laboratories with well established engineering practices
and industrial standards. As implementation of this initiative; the bi-annual Electric Ship Technologies
Symposium was established as the permanent forum to bring together the knowledge of the entire
scientific and technical community working in the field .for the exchange of broad spectrum of view points
(end users, designers, manufacturers, etc,). Simultaneously, the IEEE Industrial Applications, Power
Engineering and Power Electronics societies sponsored formation of the working groups to accelerate
revision of existing and development of the new IEEE standards for Electric Ship Technologies. IEEE
PES formed a new Marine Sy
s
t
e
msCommi
t
t
e
e(
MARS
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oc
oor
di
na
t
eal
lI
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oc
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n
the development of new standards for marine industry. Paper provides review of the ESTS symposiums
and describes the status of the 3 IEEE technical s
oc
i
e
t
y
’
sstandardization activities. It also reviews active
international standards applicable to electrical machine technology and adjustable speed drives.
Introduction
The goal of the Electric Ship Technologies
Fast-track Initiative is to enhance
technological advances and utilize all related
applications by combining the collective
expertise of various entities and engineering
societies who otherwise individually address
only part of overall problem. To address this
challenge IEEE took following actions:
1. A bi-annual Electric Ship
Technologies Symposium was
established as the permanent forum
for the exchange of broad spectrum
of view points (end users, designers,
manufacturers, etc,). It brings
together the knowledge of the entire
scientific and technical community
by mixing traditional oral
presentations with invited special
panel discussions and standards
working group activities.
2. IEEE Industrial Applications, Power
Engineering and Power Electronics
societies formed working groups for
revision and harmonization with IEC
of existing standards as well as the
accelerated development of the new
IEEE standards for Electric Ship
Technologies. IEEE PES formed a
new Marine Systems Committee
(MARSYS) which will coordinate all
I
EEEs
oc
i
e
t
i
e
s
’a
c
t
i
vi
t
i
e
si
nt
he
development of new standards for
marine industry.
ESTS - IEEE Electrical Ship
Technologies Symposiums
The first ESTS 2005 symposium was cosponsored by six IEEE societies: PES
(Power Engineering Society), PELS (Power
Electronics Society), IAS (Industry
Applications Society), OES (Ocean
Engineering Society), DEIS (Dielectrics and
Electrical Insulation Society) and VTS
(Vehicular Technology Society). ASNE
(American Society of Naval Engineers) and
IMarEST (Institute of Marine Engineering,
Science and Technology) were also
technical cosponsors. The ESTS 2007 was
supported by two more IEEE inter-societies
co-sponsors: IEEE Systems Council and
IEEE Sensors Council. The upcoming ESTS
2009 in April of 2009 will have all the same
sponsors and co-sponsors.
By mixing traditional oral paper
presentations with invited speakers and
panel discussions, ESTS symposiums have
established a permanent forum for the
exchange of a broad spectrum of view points
for the entire scientific and technical
community working in the field all around
the world. The symposiums were focusing
on the progress and future of electric ship
technologies in the following areas:
 Integrated Electric Power Systems
 Systems and Components
Specifications
 Design Tools for Analysis,
Synthesis, Modeling, and Simulation
 Electrical Propulsion (Machines,
Drives, Propulsors)
 Electrical Power Conversion,
Distribution, and Storage
 Power Quality and Pulsed Power
 Protection, Reconfiguration, and
Survivability
 Tests, Evaluation, and Certification
 Electrical Ship Standards
The plenary sessions with invited experts
had open dialogues in such subjects as:
 Industrial Electric Ship Technologies
and Standards Today
 Dialog with Electric Ship
Technologies Users
 Electric Ship Total System
Engineering
 DC Power Systems
Proceedings of both symposiums are
available at IEEE Xplore website:
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore
P.L. 104-113 "The National Technology
Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995"
It is the law of the USA to use voluntary
consensus standards in lieu of governmentunique standards. Circular No. A-119 by the
Office of Management and Budget directs
that all federal agencies must use voluntary
consensus standards and must participate in
the development of such standards. Support,
may include the following:
 Direct financial support; e.g., grants,
memberships, and contracts.
 Administrative support; e.g., travel
costs, hosting of meetings, and
secretarial functions.
 Technical support; e.g., cooperative
testing for standards evaluation and
participation of federal personnel in
the activities of voluntary consensus
standards bodies.
 Joint planning with voluntary
consensus standards bodies to
promote the identification and
development of needed standards.
 Participation of federal personnel.
Circular states that federal agencies
representatives serving as members of
voluntary consensus standards bodies should
participate actively and on an equal basis
with other members, particularly in matters
such as establishing priorities, developing
procedures for preparing, reviewing, and
approving standards, and developing or
adopting new standards. Active participation
includes full involvement in discussions and
technical debates, registering of opinions
and, if selected, serving as chairpersons or in
other official capacities.
IEEE standards activities
The IEEE, a globally recognized standardssetting body, develops standards through an
open process that brings diverse parts of an
industry together. The IEEE has a portfolio
of more than 870 completed standards and
more than 400 standards in development.
These standards set specifications and
procedures based on consensus of working
group members as an accumulated practical
experience of manufacturers and customers.
IEEE members worldwide voluntarily
participate in standards activities.
IEEE standards intended to establish
ba
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l
i
nef
orc
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t
ome
r
’
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e
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e
c
t
i
ona
nd
acceptance of products as well as the
technical base for codes, rules and
regulations by different enforcing and
regulating authorities. IEEE does not
enforce any of its standards.
The most recent standards activities related
to Electric Ship Technologies are:
IEE Industrial Applications Society IAS
developed new IEEE Std. 1566- 2005
“
Adj
us
t
a
bl
es
pe
e
dDr
i
ve
sa
bove500HP.
”I
t
is revising IEEE Std. 45-2002
“
Recommended Practice for Electrical
I
ns
t
a
l
l
a
t
i
on
sonShi
pboa
r
d”and formed 3
new working groups for new standards:
P1662™ “
Gui
def
ort
hede
s
i
g
na
nd
application of Power Electronics in
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
lPowe
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s
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msonShi
ps
”
,
P1709™ "Recommended Practice for 1 to
35 KV Medium Voltage DC Power Systems
onShi
ps
”a
ndP1713™ “
El
e
c
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r
i
c
a
lShor
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-toShi
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ons
”
IEEE Power Engineering Society PES
e
xt
e
nde
da
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t
i
vi
t
i
e
sofi
t
swor
ki
nggr
oupi
8“
“
Guide for Control Architecture for High
Power Electronics (1 MW and Greater) used
in Electric Power Transmission and
Di
s
t
r
i
but
i
onSy
s
t
e
ms
”
.PESc
ont
i
nue
si
t
s
work on revising standards for Static voltage
regulators and Medium Voltage Variable
Speed Drives. It formed a new Marine
Systems coordinating committee to
collaborate with other IEEE societies in
development of new standards for industry.
Power Electronics Society PELS reaffirmed
6 old electronic transformers standards and
is revising the IEEE Std. 1515 -2000
“
Recommended Practice for Electronic
Power Subsystems: Parameter Definitions,
Te
s
tCondi
t
i
ons
,a
ndTe
s
tMe
t
hods
”a
nd
IEEE Std. 1573-2003“
Re
c
omme
nde
d
Practice for Electronic Power Subsystems:
Parameters, Interfaces, Elements, and
Pe
r
f
or
ma
nc
e
”
IEEE P1662™,"GUIDE FOR THE
DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF POWER
ELECTRONICS IN ELECTRICAL POWER
SYSTEMS ON SHIPS."
The draft 2.0 of proposed standard is in
balloting now with expected approval by the
end of 2008.
Stakeholders for this standard are evaluators,
designers of power electronics systems,
commercial and military ships end-users,
shipbuilders, port operators, classification
societies, machinery and equipment
manufacturers, research institutes and
universities.
The guide recommends a methodology for
analysis and specifications parameters of
power electronics equipment for ship's
electrical power systems. Guide applies to
Power Electronics equipment rated above
100 kW such as:
 Inverters, Rectifiers
 Converters DC to DC, DC to AC,
Frequency, cyclo- and others
 Power Factor and reactive power
(static or dynamic VAR) support
 Solid State Circuit Breakers
 Current-Limiters
 Motor Drives
 Active Harmonic Filters
 Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
 High Power Electric Propulsion
 Energy Storage & Pulse Load
Systems
 Other equipment with built-in power
electronics such as radars, etc.
The guide is organized into nine clauses and
four annexes:
 Clause 1 overviews scope, purpose,
and organization of the guide
 Clause 2 lists the normative
references for using this guide
 Clause 3 provides definitions and
acronyms
 Clauses 4 identifies major Power
Electronics applications on Ships
 Clauses 5 and 6 identify General and
Design requirements for Power
Electronics on Ships
 Clause 7 provides recommendations
for technical information, data, and
models for optimal system design.
 Clause 8 provides guidelines for
analyzing and designing power
electronics and subsystems for ships
 Clause 9 provides guidelines for
testing, inspection and certification of
Power Electronics
 Annex A is a list of additional
standards references
 Annex B is a bibliography of related
publications
 Annex C includes practical
s
e
mi
c
onduc
t
or
’
sde
r
a
t
i
ng
recommendations and stress limits
 Annex D addresses Marine Systems
grounding
 Annex E describes various Models
for Design and Analysis
P1662 standard recommends performance
characteristics from a common frame of
reference of reliable integrated ship
electrical power systems. It includes
requirements for power quality, start-up
assistance, training, and spare parts. It states
that the Power Electronics equipment and all
its components shall be designed and
manufactured for a minimum service life of
20 years. This should include availability of
spare parts and appropriately trained field
service personnel.
P1662 standard recommends a special
testing for medium voltage power
electronics and additional testing for vessels
in some special marine sectors.
P1662 standard includes a list of normative
and informative standards form different
standards organizations which are applicable
to power electronics equipment on ships:
Normative references
1. ANSI/UL 508C Power Conversion
Equipment Revised February 2008
2. IEC 60146-1-1 Ed.3: Semiconductor
convertors - General requirements
3. I
EEESt
d.45™-2002, IEEE
Recommended Practice for Electric
Installations on Shipboard
4. I
EEESt
d.1100™-2005 EMERALD
BK IEEE Recommended Practice for
Powering and Grounding Electronic
Equipment
5. I
EEESt
d.1566™-2005 IEEE
Standard for Performance of
Adjustable Speed AC Drives Rated
375 kW and larger
6. I
EEESt
d.1573™-2003 IEEE
Recommended Practice for
Electronic Power Subsystems:
Parameters, Interfaces, Elements,
and Performance
7. Internati0onal Association of
Classification societies Unified
Requirement (UR) E11
Additional references
1. ABS Guidance Notes for the
Application of Ergonomics to
Marine Systems (April 2003)
2. ANSI/IEC 60529-2004 Degrees of
Protection Provided by Enclosures IP ratings
3. ANSI/UL 347 High Voltage
Industrial Control Equipment
4. ASTM F1166 Standard Practice for
Human Engineering Design for
Marine Systems, Equipment, and
Facilities, Jan 1, 2007
5. Federal Specifications and
Commercial Item Description A-A59194 Bus Transfer Switches,
Electric Power, Automatic Shipboard
(Non-Nuclear Applications)
6. International Association of
Classification Societies (IACS)
Unified Requirements (UR) E5 –
Voltage and Frequency Variations
7. IEC 60068 series: Environmental
testing
8. IEC61000 series: EMC Certification
and Testing
9. IEC 61158-1 Ed. 2.0 2007 Industrial
communication networks
10. IEC 61800, Adjustable Speed
Electrical Power Drive Systems—
11. I
EEESt
d.139™-1988 (R1999),
IEEE Recommended Practice for the
Measurement of Radio Frequency
Emission from Industrial, Scientific,
and Medical (ISM) Equipment
I
ns
t
a
l
l
e
donUs
e
r
’
sPr
e
mi
s
e
s
12. I
EEESt
d.142™-2007 IEEE
Recommended Practice for
Grounding of Industrial and
Commercial Power Systems - Green
Book
13. I
EEESt
d.295™-1969 IEEE
Standard for Electronics Power
Transformers
14. I
EEESt
d.519™-1992, IEEE
Recommended Practices and
Requirements for Harmonic Control
in Electrical Power Systems
15. I
EEESt
d.958™-2003 IEEE Guide
for Application of AC AdjustableSpeed Drives on 2400 to 13,800 Volt
Auxiliary Systems in Electric Power
Generating Stations
16. I
EEESt
d.1250™-1995, IEEE Guide
for Service to Equipment Sensitive
to Momentary Voltage Disturbances
17. I
EEESt
d.1012™-1998 IEEE
Standard for Software Verification
and Validation Plans
18. I
EEESt
d.1207™-2004 IEEE Guide
for Application of Turbine
Governing Systems
19. I
EEESt
d.1413™-1998 IEEE
Standard Methodology for
Reliability Prediction and
Assessment for Electronic Systems
and Equipment
20. I
EEESt
d.1515™-2000, IEEE
Recommended Practice for
Electronic Power Subsystems:
Parameter Definitions, Test
Conditions, and Test Methods
21. I
I
EEESt
d.1547™-2003 IEEE
Standard for Interconnecting
Distributed Resources with Electric
Power Systems
22. IEEE St
d.1547.
1™-2005, IEEE
Standard Conformance Test
Procedures for Equipment
Interconnecting Distributed
Resources with Electric Power
Systems.
23. I
EEESt
d.1585™-2002, IEEE Guide
for the Functional Specification of
Medium Voltage (1–35 kV)
Electronic Series Devices for
Compensation of Voltage
Fluctuations
24. IEEE Power Engineering Society,
“
Powe
rEl
e
c
t
r
oni
c
sBui
l
di
ngBl
oc
k
(
PEBB)Conc
e
pt
s
”
,I
EEEpubl
i
c
a
t
i
on
04TP170, 2004
25. I
EEESt
d.C57.
18.
10™-1998
(R2003), IEEE Standard Practices
and Requirements for Semiconductor
Power Rectifier Transformers
26. I
EEESt
d.C57.
110™-1998 (R2004),
IEEE Recommended Practice for
Establishing Transformer Capability
When Supplying Non-sinusoidal
Load Currents
27. IPC-J-STD-001D Requirements for
Soldered Electrical & Electronic
Assemblies
28. IPC-A-610 Acceptability of
Electronic Assemblies
29. IPC/WHMA-A-620 Requirements
and Acceptance for Cable and Wire
Harness Assemblies
30. ISO- 9001-2000 Quality
management systems -Requirements
31. ITI (CBEMA) Curve, Revised 2000,
Information Technology Industrial
Council, Curve 2000
32. MIL-E-917E (NAVY), ELECTRIC
POWER EQUIPMENT BASIC
REQUIREMENTS, 6 August 1993
33. MIL-F-24638(SH), Frequency
changer, solid state, air cooled,
reaffirmed 21 December 1989
34. MIL-STD-1399(NAVY), SECTION
300B, INTERFACE STANDARD
FOR SHIPBOARD SYSTEMS,
April 2008
35. MIL-STD-1474 Revision D Noise
Limits For Military Material
36. MIL W 16878 Hook-up Wire
37. MIL-W-76D Military Specification
Wire
38. NAVALSHI
PS’TECHNI
CAL
MANUAL, CHAPTER 320,
ELECTRIC POWER
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS, 21
APR 1998
39. NAVSEA TE000-AB-GTP-010 Rev
1 with Change A; Parts Derating
Requirements and Application
Manual for Navy Electronic
Equipment; March 1991
40. NAVSO P-3641A Navy Power
Supply Reliability, Design and
Manufacturing
41. NEMA ICS 12000, Industrial
Control and Systems: General
Requirements
42. NEMA ICS 2-2000, Industrial
Control and Systems: Controller,
Contactors and Overload Relays,
Rated Not More Than 2000 Volts
AC or 750 Volts DC
43. NEMA ICS 3-1993(R2000),
Industrial Control and Systems:
Medium Voltage Controllers Rated
2001 to 7200 Volts AC
44. NFPA 70 2005 Edition, National
Electrical Code® (NEC®)
45. SEMI F47-0200, Specification for
Semiconductor Processing
Equipment Voltage Sag Immunity
46. UL 44 Thermoset-Insulated Wires
and Cables
47. UL 59 Standard for Enclosures for
Electrical Equipment
48. UL 83 Thermoplastic-Insulated
Wires and Cables
49. UL 347-1993(
Re
vi
s
e
d2000)
,“
Hi
g
h
Voltage Industrial Control
Equi
pme
nt
”
50. UL 486E Standard for Equipment
Wiring Terminals
IEEE P1709™ "RECOMMENDED
PRACTICE FOR 1 TO 35 KV MEDIUM
VOLTAGE DC POWER SYSTEMS ON
SHIPS"
In 2007 the new IEEE "DC Power Systems"
Working Group P1709 began work on
another new standard "RECOMMENDED
PRACTICE FOR 1 TO 35 KV MEDIUM
VOLTAGE DC POWER SYSTEMS ON
SHIPS". The proposed standard will analyze
all aspects of the optimum and safe use of
the Medium Voltage DC Distribution Power
Systems on Ships. For example, due to the
unique ships grounding practices the fault
level in concept designs for ships with DC
distribution systems can exceed the breaking
capability of the current range of circuit
breakers. The alternatives, such as
embedding fault clearance within power
electronic converters or using dedicated
solid state or hybrid switchgear, bring their
own disadvantages such as increased losses
and more complex converter topology. The
standard will describe impact of Medium
Voltage DC on all electrical components and
will formulate requirements on proper
interfaces, sizing, life cycle cost, weight,
efficiency and risk reduction of Medium
Voltage DC Power Systems.
Available materials for the standard are very
limited since majority of the manufacturers
consider it company proprietary
information. It is very important for the
success of this effort to establish basic
specification, interface and interconnection
requirements and to build consensus in the
best interests of both sides, the users and
suppliers, as it was done successfully for
IEEE Std. 1566 "1566-2005 "Standard for
Performance of Adjustable Speed AC
Drives Rated 375 kW and Larger".
All P1709 working group documents are
available on the website:
https://bishopgroup.org/AEPS/1709.
Participation in the working group activities
does not require IEEE membership.
Everybody interested in joining the group
should contact ykhersonsky@ieee.org.
IEEE P1713™ "RECOMMENDED
PRACTICE FOR ELECTRICAL SHORETO-SHI
PCONNECTI
ONS”
P1723 Working group also started in 2007.
It is progressing much faster due to good
cooperation from Ports of Los Angeles and
Long Beach which are already connecting
incoming container ships to the shore power.
By the end of 2009 all ports in California
and other West Coast states should comply
with new Air Quality regulations which
prohibit ships from operating their own
generators inside the ports.
The scope of P1713 standard covers systems
components necessary for connecting large
ships to shore. It includes shore power
connection boxes, cable connections, ship
incoming panel and control system. The
standard also addresses safety consideration,
operating procedures, maintenance and
inspection. The first draft of the standard
specifies connections for 6.6KV or 11KV,
60 hertz only. All P1713 working group
documents are available on the website:
https://bishopgroup.org/AEPS/1713.
Everybody interested in joining the group
should contact kevin.peterson@p2seng.com.
ANOTHER IEEE WORKING GROUPS
IEEE Power Electronics Society PELS
revised and reaffirmed 8 Electronics
Transformer standards. It is forming new
working group for the revision of 2 expiring
Power Electronics Subsystem standards.
Contact Person is Dr. Alan. Mantooth at:
mantooth@uark.edu.
IEEE Power Engineering Society PES
working group i8 "Power Electronics
Building Blocks Concepts" is developing
new standard P1676 "Guide for Control
Architecture for High Power Electronics
(1 MW and Greater) used in Electric Power
Transmission and Distribution Systems".
Contact Person is Dr. Narain Hingorani at
nghingorani@sbcqlobal.net.
CONCLUSIONS
IEEE Standards are:
 Accumulated practical experience of
manufacturers and customers.
 Engineering baseline for customer's
selection and acceptance of products.
 Engineering base for codes, rules and
regulations.
 Best defense from outrageous
regulators demands and frivolous
lawmakers
The rules of useful standard are:
 Formulate requirements based on
collective experience and consensus.
 Require what need to be done not
how it should be done.
 Establish multiple sizes & interfaces
(one size fits all doesn’
twork).
 Leave room for future innovations.
 Leave restrictions and regulations to
regulators.
The Electric Ship is here. Our collective
responsibilities are to be sure it is not:
 Floating electrical chair.
 Flush arcs absorber.
 Grounding rod into the water.
 Water Heater for 5 Oceans.
 Barge for Power Electronics Filters.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Support from Office of Naval Research and
contributions from the members of IEEE
P1662 and IEEE P1709 working groups are
gratefully acknowledged.
REFERENCES
1. IEEE P1662™/
D2.
0“
Guide for the
Design and Application of Power
Electronics in Electrical Power Systems
on Ships”
,J
u
l
y2008.An unapproved
IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
2. “
IEEE Electric Ship Technologies
Symposium ESTS 2007”
, May 21-23,
Arlington VA, IEEE Catalog Number
07EX668C.
3. Y. Khersonsky, M. Islam, K. Peterson
“
Challenges of Connecting Shipboard
Marine Systems to Medium Voltage
Shor
e
s
i
deEl
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
lPowe
r
”
, IEEE
Transactions on Industry Applications,
Vol. 43 no1, May/June 2007.
4. T. Ericsen, "Model-Base Specifications
for Design", 2006 Power Engineering
Society General Meeting, 18-22 June,
2006, Montreal, Canada.
5. T. Ericsen, N. Hingorani, Y. Khersonsky
“
Power Electronics and Future Marine
Electrical Systems”
, IEEE Transactions
on Industry Applications, Vol. 42 no1,
January/February 2006.
6. “
IEEE Electric Ship Technologies
Symposium ESTS 2005”
, July 25-27
Philadelphia, PA, IEEE Catalog Number
05EX110C.
7. IEEE Power Engineering Society,
"Power Electronics Building Block
(PEBB) Concepts", IEEE publication
04TP170, 2004
8. OMB Circular No. A-119 Revised
(Federal Register Materials - 2/10/98)
“
Federal Participation in the
Development and Use of Voluntary
Consensus Standards and in Conformity
As
s
e
s
s
me
ntAc
t
i
vi
t
i
e
s
”
,
http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/circular
s/a119/a119.html
Aut
hor
’
sbi
ogr
aphy
Dr. Yuri Khersonsky is a consultant to ONR
and the chair of IEEE working group
“
Powe
rEl
e
c
t
r
oni
c
s
”a
nd“
Me
di
um Vol
t
a
ge
DC”
.Pr
e
vi
ous
l
y
,a
st
heVi
c
ePr
e
s
i
de
ntof
Technology & Development for Power
Paragon Inc. and later SPD division of L-3
Communications, he was responsible for the
development and integration of AC Servo
Drives, Bi-Directional Power Conversion
Systems, Solid State Circuit Breakers &
Buss Transfer Switches, and Power
Conditioning systems for US Navy and
commercial applications. He holds 5 patents
& has published over 50 papers and 2 books.
Dr. Khersonsky is Life Senior Member of
IEEE Industrial Applications, Power
Electronics and Power Engineering
Societies. He is a member of the American
Society of Naval Engineers, the Institute of
Marine Engineering, Science & Technology
and the Naval Submarine League. He
received his MS in Electro-Mechanical
Engineering and Ph.D. in Electrical
Engineering from Odessa Polytechnic
University in 1961 and 1973, respectively.