2015 EMC CONFERENCE – HALIFAX, NS
TS1: ENERGY STORAGE ADVANCEMENTS
GENERAL MOTORS ELECTRIFICATION STRATEGY
AND THE ALL NEW 2016MY CHEVROLET VOLT
Paul Hewitt
General Motors of Canada
Product Manager
REMAINING CHALLENGE FOR VEHICLE
ELECTRIFICATION
PETROLEUM SUPPLIES …
35%
OF WORLD’S ENERGY
96%
OF TRANSPORTATION
ENERGY
WHY NOT OTHER SOURCES?
¶
1914 “Detroit Electric” electric vehicle
ENERGY STORAGE DENSITY
(INCLUDING FUEL TANK/BATTERY)
Gravimetric Energy Density
(Wh/kg)
100,000
GasolineDiesel
H2 700 barEthanol
10,000
1,000
Li-Ion
NiMH
LeadAcid
100
10
10
100
1,000
10,000
Volumetric Energy Density (Wh/I)
■ Battery improvement continue, but still 100x lower density than liquid fuels
■ Battery cost still 40 to 50 times of ICE fuel delivery and storage components
•
This takes into account that battery cost has lowered by almost 50% in the last 5 years
100,000
ENERGY TRANSFER RATE
¶
Propulsion Energy
Source
Energy Transfer
Rate
Gasoline/Diesel
20 MJ/sec
Hydrogen
1.5 MJ/sec
Electric (DC Fast
Charge)
0.05 MJ/sec
Time to transfer 400km of
propulsion energy
60 seconds
10 min
1.6 hours
Electric (Home 240V)
0.0033 MJ/sec
30 hours
Petroleum dominates the transportation landscape because it is energy-dense, can be
transported, stored and transferred easily, and has historically been inexpensive.
GENERAL MOTORS STRATEGY
A NEW PROPULSION CATEGORY
60 km
Battery
ELECTRIC
500 km
EXTENDED RANGE
Driving
Electric Vehicle with Extended Range
HAPPIEST OWNERS ON THE PLANET
■ Chevrolet Volt is Canada’s best selling plug-in
• More than 4,000 sold (2x the total volume of the next competitor)
• Maintained overall plug-in sales leadership through 2014
• Most awarded vehicle since it’s introduction
■ Our owners are the most-satisfied in the industry
• Three-peat J.D. Power APEAL winner
■ Almost 700 million EV miles driven
• Think of it as saving more than 35 million gallon of gas is the same as shutting off gas pumps in
Washington, D.C. for 3 and a half months
■ Customer is our compass
• Our owners drive electric 80% of the time. They told us what they wanted in the new Volt and
we listened and delivered
KEY IMPROVEMENTS
■ All new design, inside and out
■ More efficient EREV system
• 80 km EV range
• > 650 km Total range
• 5.7L/100km city/hwy/combined (estimated)
■ More torque, less weight, better acceleration
• 8.4 seconds 0-60 mph
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5 passenger seating
10 airbags (vs. 8)
Quieter Ride
New features
• Regen on Demand™
• Location-based Charging
CHEVROLET VOLT BATTERY KEY WINS
■ Revolutionary liquid cooled battery pack
• Foundation for battery life performance
■ World class Quality, Reliability, Durability and Capacity
Retention
• 2 PPM out of 20 million+ cells – pharmaceutical level
quality
• GM study of more than 300 Volts in service in CA since
launch in 2011: Approximately 15 percent of owners
achieve more than 40 miles of EV range
■ Mass reduction of 13 kg (196 kg)
■ Useable capacity increase of 25% (11.2kWh to
14kWh)
■ Power increase of 9%
■ Modular system architecture
■ Same T-shaped design roughly 5.5 ft. long
■ New cell design - fewer cells 192 versus 288
■ All climate operation
GEN 1
GEN 2
GEN 1 – GEN 2 COMPARISONS
GEN2 VOLT BATTERY PACK DETAILS
GEN1 VOLT BATTERY PACK DETAILS
Cell Chemistry
NMC-LMO Pouch
Cell Configuration
96S 3P (288 cells)
Cell Chemistry
NMC-LMO Pouch
Cell Configuration
96S 2P (192 cells)
Discharge Power (10s)
Discharge Power (10 s)
Charge Power (10s)
Charge Power (10 sec)
120 kW (+9%)
110 kW
60 kW
60 kW
Usable Energy
14.0 kWh (+25%)
Usable Energy
10.2 – 11.2 kWh
Total Energy
18.4 kWh (+8%)
Total Energy
16.0 – 17.1 kWh
Energy Density-Volume
119 Wh/l (+1%)
Energy Density-Volume
118 Wh/l
Energy Density-Mass
Energy Density-Mass
87 Wh/kg
Nominal Voltage
360 V
Peak Voltage
395 V
Peak Current
430 A
Nominal Voltage
360 V
Mass
196 kg
Mass
Pack Volume
Cooling System
145 L
Direct liquid fin
Pack Volume
Cooling System
101 Wh/kg (+16%)
183 kg (-13 kg)
154 L (+ 9 L)
Direct liquid fin
# of Modules
9
# of Modules
7
Module Sizes
18 & 36 Cells
Module Sizes
24 & 32 Cells
WHAT DOES THIS MEAN
TO CUSTOMERS?
■ 80 km of EV range
■ Lower mass pack
■ Fewer cells
■ More overall energy storage
■ More power
■ More efficient
■ World class quality
IT’S NOT ALL ABOUT THE BATTERIES
ALL-NEW EREV DRIVE SYSTEM
■ Completely redesigned for better efficiency and more pleasing driveability
■ Same fundamental operation as Gen1
• 100% all EV until battery is depleted
- Top speed of 98 mph in EV
- 0-60mph in 8.4 sec
• Gas powered range extender to go farther
- Provides power to the electric drive motor
- Supplements electric drive motor when most efficient
■ Same 4 drive modes
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•
•
•
Normal
Sport
Mountain
Hold
ALL-NEW ELECTRIC DRIVE UNIT
■ More balanced two motor design
• Motors more similarly sized
• Operate together in more driving scenarios
• More efficient operation
■ All new GM electric motor designs
• Reduced total physical size
• Motor mass reduction of more than 33 lbs. (15kg)
• Same total power capability
■ Integrated Traction Power Inverter Module (TPIM)
■ Total Drive System up to 12 percent more efficient and 100 lbs. lighter
ALL-NEW RANGE EXTENDER
■ New 1.5L range extender operates more efficiently than 1.4L or 1.0L turbo
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•
•
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•
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Direct-injection
12.5:1 compression ratio
Cooled EGR
High authority CAM Phasing – economy and performance
More peak power – 101 hp
Estimate 5.7 L/100km city/hwy/combined
■ Reduced engine noise
• 1.5L provides same power at lower RPM than previous 1.4L
• Less noise in passenger cabin
■ Designed to operate using regular unleaded fuel
NEXT GEN VOLT – LIGHTER, FASTER, FURTHER
Gen1 Volt
Next Gen Volt est.
Motoring Power
149 hp
149 hp
Motoring Torque
273 lb-ft
294 lb-ft
83 hp @ 4800 RPM
101 hp @ 5600 RPM
3786 lbs
3543 lbs
0-60 Acceleration
9.0
8.4
Extend Range MPG
37
41
17.1
18.4
Engine Power
Curb Wt.
Battery Capacity
EV Range
38
50
Total Range
380
420
■ Same power, more torque
■ Over 230 lbs lighter
Result:
■ 0.6 second quicker acceleration
■ More efficient
■ More battery capacity
Result:
■ More EV range
■ More Total Range
WHAT’S NEXT
■ Spark BEV to be sold to Retail customers in BC, Ontario and Quebec for 2016 model year
■ Relaunch of Cadillac ELR for 2016 model year
• High performance drive unit producing 375 lb.-ft. of torque
• Chassis revisions include performance Brembo braking system, revised 20 inch summer
only tires and sport tuned chassis
CHEVROLET BOLT
■ Shown originally as a concept at Detroit
NAIAS but in early February GM
committed to its production
■ 2017MY
■ Will be built in Orion MI
■ 300km range
■ Estimated price tag of $30,000 US after
Federal and State incentives.
■ Innovative, lightweight with DC fast
charging capability
THANK YOU