December 2015 LCISD CTE Curriculum Advanced Automotive Technology TEKS/LINKS – Student Objectives Two Credits Suggested Time Ranges First Six Weeks Professionalism AAT 1(A) The student will identify employment opportunities, including entrepreneurship, and certification requirements for the field of automotive service. AAT 1(B) The student will demonstrate the principles of group participation and leadership related to citizenship and career preparation. AAT 1(C) The student will identify employers' expectations and appropriate work habits. AAT 1(D) The student will apply the competencies related to resources, information, systems, and technology. AAT 1(F) The student will discuss ethics in a variety of workplace situations. AAT 1(G) The student will prepare a resume. AAT 1(H) The student will demonstrate job interview skills. Paper work AAT 2(A) The student will complete repair orders and related paperwork. AAT 2(B) The student will estimate parts and labor costs on repair orders. AAT 5(A) The student will perform regular audits and inspections. AAT 5(B) The student will discuss ordering, stocking, and locating parts. Safety Regs & Hazards AAT 1(E) The student will demonstrate knowledge of the technical knowledge and skills related to health and safety in the workplace, as specified by appropriate government regulations. AAT 4(A) The student will safely use hand and power tools and equipment commonly employed in the maintenance and repair of vehicles. AAT 4(B) The student will discuss the proper handling and disposal of environmentally hazardous materials used in servicing vehicles. Tools, Manuals & Diagnosis AAT 3(C) The student will locate, read, and interpret documents such as schematics, charts, diagrams, graphs, parts catalogs, and service-repair manuals and bulletins. AAT 3(D) The student will perform precision measurements to diagnose component wear, compare to published specifications, and determine necessary repair. AAT 4(C) The student will discuss new and emerging automotive technologies. Accessory Systems Lights & Signals, Cruise, Wipers, and Horn AAT 5(E) The student will test, diagnose, service, and repair automotive AAT - Advanced Auto Technology NATEF - National Automotive Technicians Education Foundation 2 days 3 days 5 days ongoing 5 days ongoing 15 days December 2015 LCISD CTE Curriculum Advanced Automotive Technology TEKS/LINKS – Student Objectives Two Credits Suggested Time Ranges electrical and electronic systems. AAT 4(D) The student will demonstrate proper use of diagnostic tools and equipment. AAT 3(E) The student will employ critical-thinking skills and structured problem-solving skills to diagnose vehicle malfunctions, solve problems, and make decisions. NATEF VI. Electrical/Electronic Systems G.1. The student will diagnose incorrect horn operation; perform necessary action. NATEF VI. Electrical/Electronic Systems G.2. The student will diagnose incorrect wiper operation; diagnose wiper speed control and park problems; perform necessary action. NATEF VI. Electrical/Electronic Systems H.3. The student will diagnose incorrect electric lock operation (including remote keyless entry); determine necessary action. NATEF VI. Electrical/Electronic Systems H.4. The student will diagnose incorrect operation of cruise control systems; determine necessary action. NATEF VI. Electrical/Electronic Systems H.5. The student will diagnose supplemental restraint system (SRS) concerns; determine necessary action. NATEF VI. Electrical/Electronic Systems H.9. The student will diagnose body electronic system circuits using a scan tool; determine necessary action. NATEF VI. Electrical/Electronic Systems H.10. The student will check for module communication (including CAN/BUS systems) errors using a scan tool. NATEF VI. Electrical/Electronic Systems H.13. The student will perform software transfers, software updates, or flash reprogramming on electronic modules. Second Six Weeks Accessory Systems Restraint AAT 5(E) The student will test, diagnose, service, and repair automotive electrical and electronic systems. AAT 4(D) The student will demonstrate proper use of diagnostic tools and equipment. AAT 3(E) The student will employ critical-thinking skills and structured problem-solving skills to diagnose vehicle malfunctions, solve problems, and make decisions. NATEF VI. Electrical/Electronic Systems G.1. The student will diagnose incorrect horn operation; perform necessary action. NATEF VI. Electrical/Electronic Systems G.2. The student will diagnose incorrect wiper operation; diagnose wiper speed control and park problems; AAT - Advanced Auto Technology NATEF - National Automotive Technicians Education Foundation 10 days December 2015 LCISD CTE Curriculum Advanced Automotive Technology TEKS/LINKS – Student Objectives Two Credits perform necessary action. NATEF VI. Electrical/Electronic Systems H.3. The student will diagnose incorrect electric lock operation (including remote keyless entry); determine necessary action. NATEF VI. Electrical/Electronic Systems H.4. The student will diagnose incorrect operation of cruise control systems; determine necessary action. NATEF VI. Electrical/Electronic Systems H.5. The student will diagnose supplemental restraint system (SRS) concerns; determine necessary action. NATEF VI. Electrical/Electronic Systems H.9. The student will diagnose body electronic system circuits using a scan tool; determine necessary action. NATEF VI. Electrical/Electronic Systems H.10. The student will check for module communication (including CAN/BUS systems) errors using a scan tool. NATEF VI. Electrical/Electronic Systems H.13. The student will perform software transfers, software updates, or flash reprogramming on electronic modules. Vehicle Malfunctions AAT 3(E) The student will employ critical-thinking skills and structured problem-solving skills to diagnose vehicle malfunctions, solve problems, and make decisions. AAT 3(F) The student will discuss alternative fuel vehicles. AAT 4(D) The student will demonstrate proper use of diagnostic tools and equipment. AAT 5(E) The student will test, diagnose, service, and repair automotive electrical and electronic systems. AAT 5(F) The student will diagnose, service, and repair air-conditioning, heating, and accessory systems. AAT 5(H) The student will test, diagnose, service, and repair air, fuel, ignition, emissions, and drive systems. AAT 5(I) The student will test, diagnose, service, and repair cooling and lubrication systems. NATEF VIII. Engine Performance E.1. The student will diagnose oil leaks, emissions, and driveability concerns caused by the positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) system; determine necessary action. NATEF VIII. Engine Performance E.3. The student will diagnose emissions and driveability concerns caused by the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system; determine necessary action. NATEF VIII. Engine Performance E.4. The student will inspect, test, service and replace components of the EGR system, including EGR tubing, exhaust passages, vacuum/pressure controls, filters and hoses; perform necessary action. NATEF VIII. Engine Performance E.5. The student will inspect and test AAT - Advanced Auto Technology NATEF - National Automotive Technicians Education Foundation Suggested Time Ranges 10 days December 2015 LCISD CTE Curriculum Advanced Automotive Technology TEKS/LINKS – Student Objectives Two Credits electrical/electronic sensors, controls, and wiring of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) systems; perform necessary action. NATEF VIII. Engine Performance E.6. The student will diagnose emissions and driveability concerns caused by the secondary air injection and catalytic converter systems; determine necessary action. NATEF VIII. Engine Performance E.7. The student will inspect and test mechanical components of secondary air injection systems; perform necessary action. NATEF VIII. Engine Performance E.8. The student will inspect and test electrical/electronically-operated components and circuits of air injection systems; perform necessary action. NATEF VIII. Engine Performance E.9. The student will inspect and test catalytic converter efficiency. NATEF VIII. Engine Performance E.10. The student will diagnose emissions and driveability concerns caused by the evaporative emissions control system; determine necessary action. NATEF VIII. Engine Performance E.11. The student will inspect and test components and hoses of the evaporative emissions control system; perform necessary action. Air Conditioning AAT 5(E) The student will test, diagnose, service, and repair automotive electrical and electronic systems. AAT 4(D) The student will demonstrate proper use of diagnostic tools and equipment. AAT 3(E) The student will employ critical-thinking skills and structured problem-solving skills to diagnose vehicle malfunctions, solve problems, and make decisions. AAT 5(F) The student will diagnose, service, and repair air-conditioning, heating, and accessory systems. AAT 5(I) The student will test, diagnose, service, and repair cooling and lubrication systems. NATEF VII. Heating and Air Conditioning D.1. The student will diagnose malfunctions in the electrical controls of heating, ventilation, and A/C (HVAC) systems; determine necessary action. NATEF VII. Heating and Air Conditioning D.2. The student will inspect and test A/C-heater blower, motors, resistors, switches, relays, wiring, and protection devices; perform necessary action. NATEF VII. Heating and Air Conditioning D.3. The student will test and diagnose A/C compressor clutch control systems; determine necessary action. NATEF VII. Heating and Air Conditioning D.4. The student will diagnose malfunctions in the vacuum, mechanical, and electrical components and controls of the heating, ventilation, and A/C (HVAC) system; determine AAT - Advanced Auto Technology NATEF - National Automotive Technicians Education Foundation Suggested Time Ranges 10 days December 2015 LCISD CTE Curriculum Advanced Automotive Technology TEKS/LINKS – Student Objectives Two Credits Suggested Time Ranges necessary action. NATEF VII. Heating and Air Conditioning D.5. The student will inspect and test A/C-heater control panel assembly; determine necessary action. NATEF VII. Heating and Air Conditioning D.6. The student will inspect and test A/C-heater control cables, motors, and linkages; perform necessary action. NATEF VII. Heating and Air Conditioning D.7. The student will inspect A/C-heater ducts, doors, hoses, cabin filters and outlets; perform necessary action. NATEF VII. Heating and Air Conditioning D.8. The student will identify the source of A/C system odors. NATEF VII. Heating and Air Conditioning D.9. The student will check operation of automatic or semi-automatic heating, ventilation, and airconditioning (HVAC) control systems; determine necessary action. Third Six Weeks Repair Brakes Repair Suspension Front Repair Suspension Rear AAT 4(A) The student will safely use hand and power tools and equipment commonly employed in the maintenance and repair of vehicles. AAT 3(D) The student will perform precision measurements to diagnose component wear, compare to published specifications, and determine necessary repair. AAT 3(E) The student will employ critical-thinking skills and structured problem-solving skills to diagnose vehicle malfunctions, solve problems, and make decisions. AAT 5(D) The student will diagnose, service, and repair braking, steering, and suspension systems. NATEF V. Brakes A. 1. The student will complete work order to include customer information, vehicle identifying information, customer concern, related service history, cause, and correction. NATEF V. Brakes A. 3. The student will research applicable vehicle and service information, such as brake system operation, vehicle service history, service precautions, and technical service bulletins. NATEF V. Brakes B. 7. The student will replace brake lines, hoses, fittings, and supports. NATEF V. Brakes B. 10. The student will inspect, test, and/or replace metering (hold-off), proportioning (balance), pressure differential, and combination valves. NATEF V. Brakes B. 11. The student will inspect, test, and/or replace AAT - Advanced Auto Technology NATEF - National Automotive Technicians Education Foundation 10 days 10 days 10 days ongoing December 2015 LCISD CTE Curriculum Advanced Automotive Technology TEKS/LINKS – Student Objectives Two Credits Suggested Time Ranges components of brake warning light system. NATEF V. Brakes B. 12. The student will bleed and/or flush brake system. NATEF V. Brakes C. 1. The student will diagnose poor stopping, noise, vibration, pulling, grabbing, dragging or pedal pulsation concerns; determine necessary action. NATEF V. Brakes C. 3. The student will refinish brake drum; measure final drum diameter. NATEF V. Brakes D. 1. The student will diagnose poor stopping, noise, vibration, pulling, grabbing, dragging or pulsation concerns; determine necessary action. NATEF V. Brakes D. 1. The student will disassemble and clean caliper assembly; inspect parts for wear, rust, scoring, and damage; replace seal, boot, and damaged or worn parts. NATEF V. Brakes E. 1. The student will test pedal free travel; check power assist operation. NATEF V. Brakes E. 2. The student will check vacuum supply to vacuumtype power booster. NATEF V. Brakes E. 3. The student will inspect the vacuum-type power booster unit for leaks; inspect the check valve for proper operation; determine necessary action. NATEF V. Brakes E. 4. The student will inspect and test hydraulically assisted power brake system for leaks and proper operation; determine necessary action. NATEF V. Brakes E. 5. The student will measure and adjust master cylinder pushrod length. NATEF V. Brakes G. 1. The student will identify and inspect electronic brake control system components; determine necessary action. NATEF V. Brakes G. 7. The student will test, diagnose, and service electronic brake control system speed sensors (digital and analog), toothed ring (tone wheel), and circuits using a graphing multimeter (GMM)/digital storage oscilloscope (DSO) (includes output signal, resistance, shorts to voltage/ground, and frequency data). NATEF V. Brakes G. 8. The student will diagnose electronic brake control system braking concerns caused by vehicle modifications (tire size, curb height, final drive ratio, etc.). NATEF V. Brakes G. 9. The student will identify traction control/vehicle stability control system components. Fourth Six Weeks Repair – Electronic Suspension Systems Repair – Repair Steering AAT - Advanced Auto Technology NATEF - National Automotive Technicians Education Foundation 10 days 10 days December 2015 LCISD CTE Curriculum Advanced Automotive Technology TEKS/LINKS – Student Objectives Two Credits Repair – Brakes, Steering & Suspension Systems AAT 5(D) The student will diagnose, service, and repair braking, steering, and suspension systems AAT 5(E) The student will test, diagnose, service, and repair automotive electrical and electronic systems. AAT 3(E) The student will employ critical-thinking skills and structured problem-solving skills to diagnose vehicle malfunctions, solve problems, and make decisions. Electrical & Electronic Systems AAT 5(E) The student will test, diagnose, service, and repair automotive electrical and electronic systems. AAT 4(D) The student will demonstrate proper use of diagnostic tools and equipment. NATEF VI. Electrical/Electronic Systems A.9. The student will check electrical/electronic circuit waveforms; interpret readings and determine needed repairs. NATEF VI. Electrical/Electronic Systems A.10. The student will check electrical circuits using fused jumper wires; determine necessary action. NATEF VI. Electrical/Electronic Systems A.12. The student will measure and diagnose the cause(s) of excessive parasitic draw; determine necessary action. NATEF VI. Electrical/Electronic Systems A.14. The student will inspect and test switches, connectors, relays, solenoid solid state devices, and wires of electrical/electronic circuits; perform necessary action. NATEF VI. Electrical/Electronic Systems A.15. The student will remove and replace terminal end from connector; replace connectors and terminal ends. NATEF VI. Electrical/Electronic Systems A.16. The student will repair wiring harness (including CAN/BUS systems). NATEF VI. Electrical/Electronic Systems C.6. The student will differentiate between electrical and engine mechanical problems that cause a slow-crank or no-crank condition. NATEF VI. Electrical/Electronic Systems E.3. The student will inspect and diagnose incorrect turn signal or hazard light operation; perform necessary action. NATEF VI. Electrical/Electronic Systems F.1. The student will inspect and test gauges and gauge sending units for cause of abnormal gauge readings; determine necessary action. NATEF VI. Electrical/Electronic Systems F.2. The student will inspect and test connectors, wires, and printed circuit boards of gauge circuits; determine necessary action. NATEF VI. Electrical/Electronic Systems F.3. The student will diagnose AAT - Advanced Auto Technology NATEF - National Automotive Technicians Education Foundation Suggested Time Ranges 10 days 10 days December 2015 LCISD CTE Curriculum Advanced Automotive Technology TEKS/LINKS – Student Objectives Two Credits Suggested Time Ranges the cause of incorrect operation of warning devices and other driver information systems; determine necessary action Fifth Six Weeks Repair Chassis AAT 3(C) The student will locate, read, and interpret documents such as schematics, charts, diagrams, graphs, parts catalogs, and service-repair manuals and bulletins. AAT 3(B) The student will diagnose and repair automotive chassis and driveline components. AAT 5(D) The student will diagnose, service, and repair braking, steering, and suspension systems AAT 5(G) The student will diagnose, service, and repair chassis and power train components and systems. Suspension & Steering Power Assisted Steering Operations Wheel Alignment & Diagnosis AAT 3(A) The student will diagnose and repair the major components of powered vehicles. NATEF IV. Suspension and Steering B.3. The student will diagnose steering column noises, looseness, and binding concerns (including tilt mechanisms); determine necessary action. NATEF IV. Suspension and Steering B.4. The student will diagnose power steering gear (non-rack and pinion) binding, uneven turning effort, looseness, hard steering, and noise concerns; determine necessary action. NATEF IV. Suspension and Steering B.5. The student will diagnose power steering gear (rack and pinion) binding, uneven turning effort, looseness, hard steering, and noise concerns; determine necessary action. NATEF IV. Suspension and Steering B.6. The student will inspect steering shaft universal-joint(s), flexible coupling(s), collapsible column, lock cylinder mechanism, and steering wheel; perform necessary action. NATEF IV. Suspension and Steering B.7. The student will adjust non-rack and pinion worm bearing preload and sector lash. NATEF IV. Suspension and Steering B.8. The student will remove and replace rack and pinion steering gear; inspect mounting bushings and brackets. NATEF IV. Suspension and Steering B.9. The student will inspect and replace rack and pinion steering gear inner tie rod ends (sockets) and bellows boots. NATEF IV. Suspension and Steering B.10. The student will determine proper power steering fluid type; inspect fluid level and condition. AAT - Advanced Auto Technology NATEF - National Automotive Technicians Education Foundation 10 days 20 days December 2015 LCISD CTE Curriculum Advanced Automotive Technology TEKS/LINKS – Student Objectives Two Credits NATEF IV. Suspension and Steering B.11. The student will flush, fill, and bleed power steering system. NATEF IV. Suspension and Steering B.12. The student will diagnose power steering fluid leakage; determine necessary action. NATEF IV. Suspension and Steering B.13. The student will remove, inspect, replace, and adjust power steering pump belt. NATEF IV. Suspension and Steering B.14. The student will remove and reinstall power steering pump. NATEF IV. Suspension and Steering B.15. The student will remove and reinstall press fit power steering pump pulley; check pulley and belt alignment. NATEF IV. Suspension and Steering B.16. The student will inspect and replace power steering hoses and fittings. NATEF IV. Suspension and Steering B.17. The student will inspect and replace pitman arm, relay (centerlink/intermediate) rod, idler arm and mountings, and steering linkage damper. NATEF IV. Suspension and Steering B.18. The student will inspect, replace, and adjust tie rod ends (sockets), tie rod sleeves, and clamps. NATEF IV. Suspension and Steering B.19. The student will test and diagnose components of electronically controlled steering systems using a scan tool; determine necessary action. NATEF IV. Suspension and Steering D.4. The student will Diagnose, inspect, adjust, repair or replace components of electronically controlled steering systems (including sensors, switches, and actuators); initialize system as required. NATEF IV. Suspension and Steering E.1. The student will diagnose vehicle wander, drift, pull, hard steering, bump steer, memory steer, torque steer, and steering return concerns; determine necessary action. NATEF IV. Suspension and Steering E.2. The student will perform prealignment inspection and measure vehicle ride height; perform necessary action. NATEF IV. Suspension and Steering E.3. The student will prepare vehicle for wheel alignment on the alignment machine; perform four wheel alignment by checking and adjusting front and rear wheel caster, camber; and toe as required; center steering wheel. NATEF IV. Suspension and Steering E.4. The student will check toe-outon-turns (turning radius); determine necessary action. NATEF IV. Suspension and Steering E.5. The student will check SAI (steering axis inclination) and included angle; determine necessary action. NATEF IV. Suspension and Steering E.6. The student will check rear wheel thrust angle; determine necessary action. NATEF IV. Suspension and Steering E.7. The student will check for front AAT - Advanced Auto Technology NATEF - National Automotive Technicians Education Foundation Suggested Time Ranges December 2015 LCISD CTE Curriculum Advanced Automotive Technology TEKS/LINKS – Student Objectives Two Credits Suggested Time Ranges wheel setback; determine necessary action. NATEF IV. Suspension and Steering E.8. The student will check front and/or rear cradle (subframe) alignment; determine necessary action. Sixth Six Weeks Engine Diagnostics Clutch, Manual & Automatic AAT 3(A) The student will diagnose and repair the major components of powered vehicles. AAT 4(D) The student will demonstrate proper use of diagnostic tools and equipment. AAT 5(C) The student will analyze malfunctions and remove, repair, and replace engine components. AAT 5(G) The student will diagnose, service, and repair chassis and power train components and systems. AAT 3(F) The student will discuss alternative fuel vehicles. NATEF VIII. Engine Performance A.6. The student will diagnose abnormal engine noise or vibration concerns; determine necessary action. NATEF VIII. Engine Performance A.7. The student will diagnose abnormal exhaust color, odor, and sound; determine necessary action. NATEF VIII. Engine Performance A.13. The student will prepare 4 or 5 gas analyzer; inspect and prepare vehicle for test, and obtain exhaust readings; interpret readings, NATEF VIII. Engine Performance A.16. The student will verify correct camshaft timing. Ignition, Emissions & Drive Systems AAT 5(H) The student will test, diagnose, service, and repair air, fuel, ignition, emissions, and drive systems. AAT 5(I) The student will test, diagnose, service, and repair cooling and lubrication systems. AAT 4(D) The student will demonstrate proper use of diagnostic tools and equipment. AAT 3(A) The student will diagnose and repair the major components of powered vehicles. AAT 5(C) The student will analyze malfunctions and remove, repair, and replace engine components. AAT 5(G) The student will diagnose, service, and repair chassis and power train components and systems. AAT 3(F) The student will discuss alternative fuel vehicles. NATEF VIII. Engine Performance B.3. The student will diagnose emissions or driveability concerns without stored diagnostic trouble codes; determine AAT - Advanced Auto Technology NATEF - National Automotive Technicians Education Foundation 10 days 10 days December 2015 LCISD CTE Curriculum Advanced Automotive Technology TEKS/LINKS – Student Objectives Two Credits necessary action. NATEF VIII. Engine Performance B.4. The student will check for module communication (including CAN/BUS systems) errors using a scan tool. NATEF VIII. Engine Performance B.5. The student will inspect and test computerized engine control system sensors, powertrain/engine control module (PCM/ECM), actuators, and circuits using a graphing multimeter (GMM)/digital storage oscilloscope (DSO); perform necessary action. NATEF VIII. Engine Performance B.7. The student will diagnose driveability and emissions problems resulting from malfunctions of interrelated systems (cruise control, security alarms, suspension controls, traction controls, A/C, automatic transmissions, non-OEM-installed accessories, or similar systems); determine necessary action. NATEF VIII. Engine Performance C.3. The student will inspect and test crankshaft and camshaft position sensor(s); perform necessary action. NATEF VIII. Engine Performance C.4. The student will inspect, test, and/or replace ignition control module, powertrain/engine control module; reprogram as necessary. NATEF VIII. Engine Performance D.3. The student will inspect and test fuel pumps and pump control systems for pressure, regulation, and volume; perform necessary action. NATEF VIII. Engine Performance D.4. The student will inspect replace fuel filters. NATEF VIII. Engine Performance D.5. The student will inspect throttle body, air induction system, intake manifold and gaskets for vacuum leaks and/or unmetered air. NATEF VIII. Engine Performance D.6. The student will inspect and test fuel injectors. NATEF VIII. Engine Performance D.7. The student will inspect verify idle control operation. NATEF VIII. Engine Performance D.8. The student will inspect the integrity of the exhaust manifold, exhaust pipes, muffler(s), catalytic converter(s), resonator(s), tail pipe(s), and heat shield(s); perform necessary action. NATEF VIII. Engine Performance D.9. The student will inspect Perform exhaust system back-pressure test; determine necessary action. NATEF VIII. Engine Performance D.10. The student will inspect Test the operation of turbocharger/supercharger systems; determine necessary action. Automatic Transmissions AAT 3(A) The student will diagnose and repair the major components of powered vehicles. AAT 4(D) The student will demonstrate proper use of diagnostic tools and equipment. AAT - Advanced Auto Technology NATEF - National Automotive Technicians Education Foundation Suggested Time Ranges 10 days December 2015 LCISD CTE Curriculum Advanced Automotive Technology TEKS/LINKS – Student Objectives Two Credits AAT 5(C) The student will analyze malfunctions and remove, repair, and replace engine components. AAT 5(G) The student will diagnose, service, and repair chassis and power train components and systems. AAT 3(F) The student will discuss alternative fuel vehicles. NATEF II. Automatic Transmissions C.1. The student will remove and reinstall transmission/transaxle and torque converter; inspect engine core plugs, rear crankshaft seal, dowel pins, dowel pin holes, and mating surfaces. NATEF II. Automatic Transmissions C.2. The student will disassemble, clean, and inspect transmission/transaxle. NATEF II. Automatic Transmissions C.3. The student will inspect, measure, clean, and replace valve body (includes surfaces, bores, springs, valves, sleeves, retainers, brackets, check valves/balls, screens, spacers, and gaskets). NATEF II. Automatic Transmissions C.4. The student will inspect servo and accumulator bores, pistons, seals, pins, springs, and retainers; determine necessary action. NATEF II. Automatic Transmissions C.5. The student will assemble transmission/transaxle. AAT - Advanced Auto Technology NATEF - National Automotive Technicians Education Foundation Suggested Time Ranges