lnNSFIP TEnnNOLOOY.
Tribp:
B~~olong Bo6~atshidi
n'afeking, C. F.
PAT::;;WAL RELA'IJVr:S.
,
'-
Fate rn£ll Gre'Olt-SraTJdfatr er .•..•..•....•........••...•.••• Rrar.lOgolvlana
Fath~r I S father •..........•............. Rragw~'Rre •.•.... • 'Rramogolo
FaUer's fatrer' s brotrer--elder •• RramogolViagwe~re ••.•.•• Rramogolo
younger •• Rr"nL,'WanflB\'leRre •......• RrAMogolo
FR tt er';; fAtt er' S Rister •••......• ~r" kgac1 iRIj\"eRrl! •.•••••• "m<1mogolo
PaternRl
,re~t-r;rpndrnott,'!r ••••.....•.....•.......•......•
"marnoGolv:an'l
Fatter's mother •••..•....•.......•.......••.•.•.•.....•.. 1.:Oamogolo
Fatr,e r 's l:lotr e r'
<
brot]' er .•••..•.• 'II' lomagweRre •••........ Rramogolo
FaUJer 'f r:lot)-.er' s !'if'ter- -e lder,
t •
'''nRmogol\':agwe Rre ••••.•• 11ma!!logolo
younger ••• VrnangWf.nab1Vre ::tre •....... r.Jn8mogolo
Fatr.er ................................................... :ira
Father's elder brotl'er ................................... Rrllmogolo
Fatrer'e elder broU.er's wife ..... l!ogats<1Rramogolo ....... l~a
FRtl'er's elder broUer's son •.•••• l·orwalramogolo ......... l'JJgolole(m.p.)
?!neke(m.E. )
J<gant,."d1 p ke (I".,..
FAtrer'r .. lcler brot)-:er'f son's
wif'~
•.....•.........•....• ·ogokF,ne(w.s.)
l'ogolole (m. s. )
JTnake (m. s. )
Fatl'er's elder brother's daugr.ter •• t:~orwadiaRramogolo ••.•• Y.gantsadi ak e (m. R.
Mogolole(I'I.s. )
Nnakelv:.s. )
FRtl'er's elder brotrer's dRugtter's husbRnd •••.•..•••.... I:o!0'leke(m.G.)
Ilogolole(w.s. )
Nnake(v:.c. )
Fatt,er' F youncer brother ••••.•........•.•.............••• Rrangwane
Fpther's younger brother's wi fe ••• "oeatsaRrangl'.'ane .....•• lema
Fptrer'f younger brother's ron .... ·orl"aRrang'·:an'! •......•• l'ogolole (m. s. )
Nnake(m.s. )
y.gllntsadiRke(w.s.
Fotrer's younger
brot~er'F
con'r \"1i f~ .••.•.........••.•• • r'ogok,qne (\';. S.
Uogolole(m.s.
nnake(C1.s. )
))
Fatter's younger brother's daugt ter •• l'orwadiE.RrangVlana ••• Y.eantsadiake (m. s.
Mogolole(w.s.)
Nnake(w.s. )
Fattl!r's younger broUer's daughter's husband ............ Vo6"·ak~(m.s.)
"ogolole(w.s. )
~'nake(w.s. )
Fr tl er I s si ster ....... 1(~"ae'¥l'~~cn.:gr ;l.i •.•• ~M.]a8u. •.•••• • , nrakgadi
Fatr@!rl C sister I ~ rusband. "l:oJ~tsa~ra.tCg.ldi • • trakl8di ..... ~ra
Fet!": e r
ISS ister
I
s son •....•....• Ney:r,nfl Rr.akeDdi •.......•••• !~t~ala
I'aternal Great-r;randlmoU·e r •••••.••.••••••••••••..•••.••••• r.lm~ogol\":ana
lrotrer f ~ fatr.er.............. . ........................... '1.rgJi!of;olo
ycunber •• ~rA!lf;\'
'ot~~r' 6
an"i;\~e! ·me ••.•...•• :!raMOj:Olo
fetr er' s siste.r •••••••••• ]!:!lkgedi£i,."!!.ellMe ••••••.•• 1.~IlMo;:olo
"aternal great-grl'ndc1Otrer ••••.•.••.••. " •••.•..•.•.•••.•• r~amogQ.l,... anl!.
I'other' f ,"ot: er •••.••....••...•••••.•••••.••••••••.••..••• r.~Ilmop;olc
r'vtrer .................................................. .. r~
"'ot:'~r I S
,sp.nior co-,··ife ................................... ~n~ (Q~oc:rO..LQ)
(~ ntlo ~ !reQlo)
IroUer's junior co-v'ife ••••••••••••••••••.•••••..••.•. Ull.I'm1l,(Q....m.nQ.tlnna
(~ ntlQ. ~ rrotlana
"otrer' f elder siEter ••••.••.•. <....•.•..•..••.••...•••••• "f:namogCllo
!~otter
f
S elder sister I s husbRnd •... r~ogatp.aMmar.lOg91o ••....• ira
"otr.er'" elder sister's son •••••••• ~orv<l'fI[mtlMogolo ••••••••. ":>Golole(M.s.)
......n'"'ke'!:'J c: )
Fgantel'dillJ(~(\'I.c
l'c,trer's elder sister's
~on'f
,':ife ....................... !..:Q£Q.!5.anel.ULE.)
I:Qgolole(m.s. )
Nnllke(Cl:-r. )
Notrpr'F
el~er
sister's
l'ot!'pT"
"lrl~r
sifter's (1[lugrt a r' f
5
hu~b
nc •.............• ~"l'ke(m.s.)
l'ogoTcee (w. e.)
-7,w.s. )
~:nnke
rot! er' oS YOUTJger
~ister •............•..............••.••• ~,r.tangwp.ne
i'ot}1er's younger 8ister' s
I~ther's
youn[er sister's son'F wi fe .................... r~oeokane (,'r. s. )
gQ£Q.!(le(m.r.. )
Nnak~ m.s.)
. t
1~otr_er 18 ~roun6er SlS
' dnughtt'r •• ltorv:aoil1l'MI1I'11<y'ane •• rgilntsadil1ke(Cl.s.)
er s
-------- i'~or:olol~ (\". S. )
Ewu (v,::-s. )
"otrer'F younger sister's (!"u,;h't~r , ~ rus"enn ........ ... l'ogl'1F.ke(m',F.))
!'oiIQ.lole(v.s.
EnHkee w• s • )
~~ot:rer I f
brotrer ..................................... . r81o~
J:otl er's brother's \"i Ie ........ rQf.IfltRaD:bQMta •...••.•.• !~p.lo~;
t~~_
:!ott er' 8 brotl'er'l' son •........ ~·;~na~~lo~~ •.......... ~r,~ln
f'other I s brotl.er's son's wife •• ro~at£~~tsal~ •...•....• Ntl'ala
Ilotrer's brott'er's daughter •••• ~_ana~~lo~ •..•....•.. ~tsal~
Motl'~r'
Eld~r
s brotr'er r ~ dauE;htpr 's
r,ul'b~nd
•.• ,",ogatsa"tsala. }'tflala
brotrer(men speakinG) ••••..•• I'orViaRr~ ••..••..••• lloeolole
',lner brotl.er' s \'life (man speaking) ••• r$ogatsallogQlole •• lJIoaolole
E.Ln ~r brctr.er' s cr ild (m1'n I'peakina) •• n","anal·ogolole •.• 1'01"" eke (s)
"0 T'I"adi ekl! (d)
Yo",~ger ~rother(c12n
sp .. pking) ••.•. l'o!:'''I'Rr~ •••........• rnak~
YOl-nger brot"er'e '''ife(man speakij\a). .I'o@tsp.Nnake •.•• rnak~
vO\.d"cer Brotrer' s ct il<:' (man s'leaking). Ngw~nal'n~ke •... .I'oT'lvakeis)
r~oT'l'ladi ake (d)
Brother(woman speekinb) •...... , .....•....•........... Kgarrts~di~ke
Brothr's vife(v'oman spe!lking) ••..•..•.....•.••...... Noeok§!!.t
Brotl er '(; chiLd' l;1ot:laJ;l. s?eakitlg) ...••..••..••....• ~v. !lm'KI;!lnt~1!9~§.ke
Elder sister(Vioman epe1'king) ••.••................•••• ~Q&Q.lole
E1n~r
pi ster' s husbnnd(woM?n epellkin,;) •• roc;atsali:ogo1ole •• 1:ogolole
E.Lder cister' schild (v'omp.n E>peaking I . .. ~~nlll!ogolole •••• ..1QEvlllke~l
)'oT'l'ladiake (d)
'ounger F,ister("'or:8n speaking) •.•...•...•............•.•• !;:nflke
"our ge I' Fister' £ hu sbann (v'oman '" p~{' k' ng) ..• r..:!2B:"t~ a ~'nflt~ •.• !!nak e
Vou'1g .. r Eis.ter 's chi 11 (v·or.'pn spoflki nb') ..• ~B!:~!2a}Jna ke •.•.• "orwake (fl )
r:oI"."Adiake (d)
8i ster (man
~pe" ki ng)
•.••..............••.•..•....••• &Ian!&'.di§.te
8i ster' f' hurbl'nd (man I'peakine) ••..•...••......•....• 1'oQ"a~ ~
.,. i r tel" 's
cr. ild (Men
,;ceak ing J. .... ~gy,:an§.!SB:ants?di aK" •..••• Setl!llolQ.
Brott er t S son's cIli£d(J:lan
~pe[\king)
•• N;;I' anal.:oruaJ'9bolole •• 1:otlogobQ.
, gW.5..!!ar'or\'.a~!!nke
Brotl',er I s dAughter's chi In •••••••• !!gy;ana)'oT'l':fldi eYop;olole ••• ~ot1ogo!.o
~'ma~~o!:,:::adiaJTnake
S' "ter' S) Eon' f' ct, ild (m. s • ) •••• ~,~. ~!!a.r·OI'l"flrgarrts"di? k~ ••.•. !.:otlogolo
~(II.:.."naSetlogolQ.
SiFt~r'
s deugrter I S 81' iln ("1. f . 1 ••• !Zv'''rr/lI·To~~QierC:~!2:!:,~~di§.ke .• lfotlogolQ.
Ero::~naS .. tlof{olQ.
Brother's son I s crild (w. s. ) ••• rm;"!281·o!:,,_nKg~!2:!:,sadiat~ •...••••• ~otbQ£.Qlo
Brother's dcugrter' schild (w. f .
1~.:.£llil.I'0!:,- ed~ ~!SB:~nts 3diake •.••. Ie t1QiiQ.lo
SiE\ te r 's d"ugt't~r' schild (v • [' • ) •.•• N"0""DD1;o~p.dia l'oeolole ••.• "ouoeolo
YF(V'anal'oJ:7W?d i [' rnak e
Son •..................................................... . :":~ake
Son t S v:il'e •....................................•......... . Nsv/ets!
Son I
child •.............................................. r.'otlogolQ.
$
Daughte r .................................................. }'o!:y;~di f!.k e_
1JAug}--t~r
I s huf:bAne •.•...•....•.....•.•......••••....•..
IO
•
•
~oe".'e
DpuGtter's crild ••..•..•.•• ~~pnpl'~v·~dipke • .•...... ..•.•• ;~otl£&ol~
Son
\,/i f'e
IS
I
s parent •...................................... ~QB'oGarl!.
Jrug~tcr's husbp.nd'~
pArent •••.•.....•••.......•.••.....•• t~gogadi
Son's daugrter' s cpild •• ~Tm·Bna!·otlQe:olwnk~ .•••••• '" .....• "otloeobY!.S!l!!
D~ugrter's
son's child •• Egv;anal:ot!ogo!~ake •..•....•....••• ~otlOEol\.~~
DAugrter' ~ dAughter' 8 child'»!illY:nn!\lIotbogolwak~ ••........• toUQ£'~J.wanA
,lIFE'S RSLATIVSS
·:;if~
.................................... !:.oSac1.i_y[L~ •••..••.••• r~oe~ts8kt'
"~I' fe'
0
f'Atf,er ••...•••.•.•......•••.•••.••.••....••.•.• rOjiOendi (~ §.enna)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • ~'ogoe;tni ('!:..e. ~P.Ag~)
";ifp.
1[;
rnott"'r.
,'life
IS
brott,'!"r •...•.•...............•...............••• 1'Og\";Rkfl!
,life's brother's
ife ••.••••• ~og,,!&at·Qgy:Ake •••.....••• 1lOe.kolOb~
}:na e
l':ife 's elder brotf'er' s sun •.• 1·or;"1!~2ill·:?ke •••.......•••. rgy:allil~ogol~b.e
":ife 's elder brotrer' s daugJ,ter ••• "orwadi~kell0m'nke •••• }!g..;a!2e.VQ.@lO!~
Wife's younGer brotrer's "on ••••• ~~·:al'.QgvIA~~ .•..•••.•. ~~~narr!2ake
'::i fe's younger brotrer' s daughter ••• Hon:Ildi;!I(ogwake ••.• ~2en;!Nnllke
Vlife IS siEter •......................................... ~'oflo.lol~
"n:>ke
"Tif'!"s Fir'ter'E chiln. .....
o
•••••••••••••• o
•••••
0 ••••• •• ~··~nE'f~ogQ.±-Ql~
!!ir:..i!.na~np.ke
Pusband ............................ • 1~0!l~~ .................................... • Mog(1.t§.n.ke
rusbflrld's fptrer ••..•••......•.....•.......•••.. ···· •• · .1~!\:!&l!b~(l:C{l §.!m!!;!)
rur,b",nd'
p
motI .. r .......... ........................... "ptM',!&(l!.!'. £~pd!.)
JUFband's elder brotrer •••...••...••....••.••....•••• _OeO!~l~
rusb"nd's younger brotl',er •••..•..•.•..•..•....•••..•. l'nak~
} uebnnd 'E elder brotr.er' s v,ife ••..•• ,-=&?t,§r;JogolQ.le •...•• 1-!QgQlob~
} usb?nd' s youneer brotter' s wife •••• lIo@tsaNnM<e •••.••••• ~nfl!>.~
Eu~band'
s elder
broU~r'
schild •.•....••..•.....•..••• Ngy.'ana!,ogobol~
Pusbllnd 's younger brotr'er' s chile' ••.•...•.••.•..•....• ~~nl!lI'!!ak~
fu~bf'nd's
eld~r Fi~ter .............................
· .. · .• ~·oe.okp.'D!l
Fusbanrl I ~ young~r siE.ter .............................• rogokn~
Fusband's elder sister's husband •.•....•••.••.•• Mog~i~ru~ogQbq~_
husband's younger sister's hul"bllDd •..••..•.••..• ~Qg:atsal'1nake
Fusband's elder sister's child •.••••••••••..•••••.•.••••• ~~ogOlo
FUf'banc1's younger sister's chilrl •.•..•••.•.•..•...•..•••• §e"L!.Qgo.l.Q.
Seni 01' co -wi l'e •••••....•.....•..........•.••.•..••.....•• Mogajikane
Junior co-wife ........................................................ Mot~adiM\"'8na.
1.Can a man marry his
l.brother's daughter •••• ves,if the hrothers are not sons of the same
mother.
i1.sister's daughter •••• "es,if brotrar Dnd sigter are not children of
s~m~ women.
iii-mott'er's brother's dilUgt·t~r ••• ves; suppo!'erl to be a preferrerl
marriage.
iv.father's brother's daughter •• ves; a fairly cocmon ~pe of marriage.
v.mother's ~ister's d~ught~r •• yes,especially if parents are not
children of same mother.
vLfath .. r's sister's daughter •• veqnot,ho\·;ever as sommon as (iv)
2.Can a Man inherit his
i.fatt,er'e widov.' ••.•.••• ves,but not his OVin mother.
ii.elder brother's widow •• ves,hut not comMoll,slilch widow heing regarded
aE'. Mot'her
iv FOn'f' ·... ioow .... " ......... . "'TO
V. MOtl
3.C~n
er' s brother's wido\" •• No
a Man marry his
i.Vlife's elder sister •••• Yes but not comMon for reason given in 2(ii)
ii.wife's younger siAter ••• ves,preferred for seantl£.
iiLv:ife's brotter' s daughter •.•• }'o
iv.wife's sister's naughter ••••• 1'0
v.step-sister .................. Ves,but very rare.
vi. ste p-daughter ................ No.
NOTES.
1.All relatives of the third ascendant generation (~nd beyond) are
addressed by the same tera whether they belong to the paternal or
maternal side o~ the family,due regard being paid,however,to sex
differentiation,e.g.Rramogolwana means paternal or maternal g~eatgrand­
father; l~maaogolwana aaternal or paternal greatgdandllother. To Ili.xtq
distinguIsh between the paternal and the lIaternal sides of the family
the expressions keha mohameng wa ga Rre(on the side of lIy father),
kaha 1I0hamenz "a ga }'me ( on the side of my mott.er) may be used.
2.The same lIlay be aaid in regard to the second ascendant generation,e.g.
Rrs mogolo refers to paternal or maternal grandfather; ~~smogolo to
Maternal or paternal grandmother.
3.In regard to colLaterils of the second and third ascendant generations
much use is cade of descriptive terms such as RramogoLwagweRre(father's
faUer's elder brother; RraitgadiagweRre(father's father's sister);
MalomagweRre(father's mother's brother).
4.The tel'l:ls ~ata and AUllama(probably borrowed from Afrikaans) ~re
fairly cOlllllonly used nowsdays for relstive~ of the ~econd pr, third
ascendant generations. They have the advantage of av'iai~ confusion
between rather's father(Rramogolo) and fatter's elder brother(Rrsllogolo
The tera t.utsta is used for the for1:ler,making it poseible to reserve
.Rramogolo for the latter. SimilarJ:y the term AUllalla ia used for father '.
1I0ther making it ponsible to veserve l.!IIsllogolo for 1I0tter' s elder
I
sister. On the death of the father's father the term Autata is transferred to Father's elder brother· similarly on the death of the
mother's mother the term Aumama Is transferred to mother's elder sister
Another way of making a distinction between father's father and father'
elder brother is as folLOws:Rr8l0mogolo means Your father's father whereas Rraaogolwago means Your
father's elder brother.
Rragwemogolo means Ris father father whereas Rramogolwagwe means I~s
father's elder brother
Rremogolo means my father's father whereas Rramogolo lIeans my father's
elder brott,er •
.
S.With regard to the spouses of father's brothers and sisters the foras
mogatsaRramogolo,~ogatssRrangw8ne,.ogatsaRrakgadi are used in explainIng the relationship e.g.to a stranger; otherwise in speaking to the
rel~tive concerned either the teras Rramogolo,Rrangl'lane,Rrakgadi(i.e.
with the word mogstaa are used or the teras '~s or ~,as the case may
be are used when it is not intended to speciry-the relationship.
6.Silllilarly with regard to the spouses of mother's brothers and sisters
the foras .0gstsaHalome, mogatsalfllslllogolo, mogatsaMasngwane are u sed in
explaining therelationship e.g.to a stranger; otherwise in speaking to
the ralative concerned the terms Malome,Mmamogolo,Mlllangwan.(i.e.with
the word mogatsa omitted) are used or the terms Hra or Maa,as the csse
may be,are used when it is not intended to specify the relationship.
7.As between siblings of the same sex the principLe of age differentiation cOlles into operation so that 1:og0101. meansnolder brotr,er (man
speaking) or older sister(woman speaking),while Nnake means younger
brotJer(.an speaking) or younger sister(woman speaking.This principLe
does not ap ~ly as between siblings of opposite sex. The tera kgantssdi
lIeans sister(man sperking) or brother(Vlolllan speaking) irrespective of
age differentiation. The tera I~ogolole used between l'ibl1ngs of the
sSlle sex tends to be replaced nowadays by the teras Aubuti(older
brotller--lIIan or woman speaking) and Ausi or Ausisi (older sister--man 0
woman speaking).The term nnake has not been similarly affecte'.
8.The children of siblings of the same sex address one another in the
saae way as brothers or as sisters ae the ca~e may be. Thue father's
older brother's son and father's younger brotrer's son is eitrer
nogolole(m.s.) or nnake(m.s.) depending upon whether he is older or
younger than the speaker.Similarly mother's older sister's son and
motter's younger sister's son is either mogolole(w.s.) or nnake(w.s.)
'epending upon whether she is oLder or younger than the speaker. The
tera kgentsadi hused f
f
sister's sson(m.s.)
or ather's brother's son (w.s.) and mother's
9.With regard to the spouses of siblings the te~ mogokane(sister-in-law)
is u~ed for brotber's wife or husband's sister where a woman isspeaking,
but where a man is apeaking the tera mogolole or nnake i~ aaed depending
upDn whether the apeaker is younger or older than the relstive referred
to. Similarly the te~ mogwakll(mogwe lOa kA sbbr.) is uaed for siater's
husband or wife's brotrer where a man is PJ--lifts speaking,but where a
woman ia ,peaking the tera mogglole or nnake is used de pending upon
whether the speaker 1s younger or older than the relative referred to.
The asme will,or course,ap ~ly to father's brother's son's wife and to
father's brott.er' s daughter's husband. In other words tt.ere is no specia
t.~ for brotber's wife(m.s.) although there is one(mogokanel for
brother's wife(w.a.); thwwe is no special tera for sister'a huaband(w.s.
although there is one(mogwaka)for s1ster's husband(m.s.)
lO.Children of siblings of oppor.ite sex address one anotner by the reciprocal tera Ntsala without sex or age dif'wrentiation. ~~en it is intended
to specify the exact re~ationship the term, ~aR~di--father's
a1ster's child or ~anaWaloae--mother's brotner'a ch1ld,as the case may
be,is employed. The husband or wife 0' Ntsala is addressed as Ntsala,or
if is intended to specify t:he relat10nship,as aogatsaNtS81s.
11.The tera mogwaka~ogwe wa ka abbr.) meaning brother-in-law tends nowadays to be rsjlaced by the tera awaw. borrowed from Afrikaans swaer.
This has the advantage that it makes it possible to avoid confusion
between m.~ mogwaka meaning brother-in-law and mogwe meaning son-inlaw.
12.The term kgantaadi used between siblings of opposite se. i.e.betw.en
brotr.er and sister tends to be replaced by the tenls Aubuti and Ausisi or
Ausi. Thus a msn refers to his older sister as Ausisi or Ausi and a woman
t01her older brother as Aubuti,but thes. borrowed terms which emphasiae
age differentiation are not emplJPed when younger aiblings are referred.
Thus a man does not refer to his younger sister as Ausi or Ausisi nor
a woman to her younger brother as Au~uti. The term kgantsadi or the term
nnake is ased in that case.
13.Informants differ as regards the use of the terms setlogolo and ~a¥x
motlogolo. All are agreed that setlogolo is the proper te~ for sister'a
child,but in regard to grandchil' so •• say the proper term is setlogolo
while others give motlogolo as the right te~. Majority opinion is in
favc;>ur of motlogolo for grandchild. ( N. fl. Wookey's "Secwana-English
Dictionary" gives MOtlogolo as "man's sister's child" and setlogolo
as "woman's nephew; a niece; a man's sister's Child; a woman's husband'a
sister's childl a grandchild".)
14.The terma Rra(father) and Vma(mother) are used aJ great deal as te~s
of respect not only by younger persons in addressing old~r persons but
also by older persons tD addressing younger persons. This at. ia a
characteristic feature of polite speech among the Barolong.
lS.As is undoubtedly the case among all Bantu tribes at the present time
knowledge of kinship te~s is becoming more and more scanty among the
Barolong,not only among the younger people as might be expected but even
among the older people. The old custom under which great care was taken
to instruct the young in the kipship terms by which they ahould address
different xat.ttx.. members of their kinship group is no longer as
strictly observed as it used to b ••
16.There is no term among the Holong corresponding to the tenl aofobe(
(borrowed from Nguni) which is uaed for wife's sister's husband(aan
speaking) among the Southern Sotho. I found some informants,however,who
used the term gamre which they said was borrowed from Bushman or Hottentot. The word is not,bowever,in common u.e and I have therefore not
1meluded it in the list of Rolong kinship teras.
rOTF:s.
1.Al~ re~ tiv~~ of th~ tpird e~c~nrlant gen~ration (ann r.e~'ond) ar~
.~c~r~sEed by tr.~ r.1'~~ t~rtl v:h~trt'r U',ey bt'long to tr~ pat~rnpl or
I!lat~rnal sid~ of th~ f?Mily,due r~gl'rd b~ine paid,loow~o ('ex
differ~ntiation, ... g .Rramogoh'anfl (Fat~rMl.(V:~l'tgrandfather);">1H ......~L'
~~flmogolwana