Technical White Paper HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows OceanStor Storage Windows Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2014-02 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Trademarks and Permissions and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders. Notice The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and the customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within the purchase scope or the usage scope. 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Address: Huawei Industrial Base Bantian, Longgang Shenzhen 518129 People's Republic of China Website: http://www.enterpise.huawei.com Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. i HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows About This Document About This Document Overview This document details the configuration methods and precautions for connecting Huawei SAN storage devices to Windows hosts. Intended Audience This document is intended for: Huawei technical support engineers Technical engineers of Huawei's partners Conventions Symbol Conventions The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows: Symbol Description Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk, which if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury. Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk, which if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury. Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if not avoided, could result in equipment damage, data loss, performance degradation, or unexpected results. Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or save time. Provides additional information to emphasize or supplement important points of the main text. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. ii HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows About This Document General Conventions Convention Description Times New Roman Normal paragraphs are in Times New Roman. Boldface Names of files, directories, folders, and users are in boldface. For example, log in as user root. Italic Book titles are in italics. Courier New Examples of information displayed on the screen are in Courier New. Command Conventions Issue (2014-03-29) Format Description Boldface The keywords of a command line are in boldface. Italic Command arguments are in italics. Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. iii HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows Contents Contents About This Document .........................................................................................................................ii 1 Windows Operating System ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Overview....................................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 File Systems in Windows .............................................................................................................................................. 2 1.3 Common Management Tools and Commands .............................................................................................................. 4 1.3.1 Remote Login ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 1.3.2 Management Tool ...................................................................................................................................................... 6 1.3.3 Disk Management Commands ................................................................................................................................... 8 1.4 Interoperability Between Windows and Storage Systems ........................................................................................... 11 2 Network Planning............................................................................................................................ 12 2.1 Fibre Channel Network Diagram ................................................................................................................................ 12 2.1.1 Multi-Path Direct-Connection Network................................................................................................................... 12 2.1.2 Multi-Path Switch-based Network ........................................................................................................................... 13 2.2 iSCSI Network Diagram ............................................................................................................................................. 15 2.2.1 Multi-Path Direct-Connection Network................................................................................................................... 15 2.2.2 Multi-Path Switch-based Network ........................................................................................................................... 16 3 Preparations Before Configuration (on a Host) ....................................................................... 18 3.1 HBA Identification ...................................................................................................................................................... 18 3.2 HBA Properties ........................................................................................................................................................... 19 3.3 Windows Disk Timeout............................................................................................................................................... 19 3.4 iSCSI Initiator Driver Timeout ................................................................................................................................... 21 4 Preparations Before Configuration (on a Storage System) ................................................... 23 5 Configuring Switches ..................................................................................................................... 24 5.1 Fibre Channel Switch.................................................................................................................................................. 24 5.1.1 Querying the Switch Model and Version ................................................................................................................. 24 5.1.2 Configuring Zones ................................................................................................................................................... 27 5.1.3 Precautions............................................................................................................................................................... 30 5.2 Ethernet Switch ........................................................................................................................................................... 30 5.2.1 Configuring VLANs ................................................................................................................................................ 31 5.2.2 Binding Ports ........................................................................................................................................................... 31 Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. iv HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows Contents 6 Establishing Fibre Channel Connections .................................................................................. 34 6.1 Checking Topology Modes ......................................................................................................................................... 34 6.1.2 OceanStor T Series Storage System ......................................................................................................................... 35 6.1.3 OceanStor 18000 Series Enterprise Storage System ................................................................................................ 35 6.2 Adding Initiators ......................................................................................................................................................... 36 6.3 Establishing Connections............................................................................................................................................ 37 7 Establishing iSCSI Connections .................................................................................................. 38 7.1 Checking Windows iSCSI Initiator Software ............................................................................................................. 38 7.2 Configuring Storage Service IP Addresses ................................................................................................................. 39 7.2.1 OceanStor T Series Storage System ......................................................................................................................... 40 7.2.2 OceanStor 18000 Series Enterprise Storage System ................................................................................................ 40 7.3 Host ............................................................................................................................................................................. 41 7.3.1 Configuring IP Addresses on a Host ........................................................................................................................ 41 7.3.2 Configuring Initiators on a Host .............................................................................................................................. 42 7.3.3 Establishing Connections......................................................................................................................................... 44 7.4 Configuring CHAP Authentication ............................................................................................................................. 44 7.4.1 Storage System ........................................................................................................................................................ 45 7.4.2 Host .......................................................................................................................................................................... 49 8 Mapping and Using LUNs ............................................................................................................ 51 8.1 LUN mapping ............................................................................................................................................................. 51 8.1.1 OceanStor T Series Storage System ......................................................................................................................... 51 8.1.2 OceanStor 18000 Series Enterprise Storage System ................................................................................................ 52 8.2 Using the Mapped LUNs ............................................................................................................................................ 53 9 Multipathing Management ........................................................................................................... 54 9.1 Overview..................................................................................................................................................................... 54 9.2 MPIO Policies............................................................................................................................................................. 54 9.3 Installation and Configuration .................................................................................................................................... 55 9.3.1 Precautions............................................................................................................................................................... 55 9.3.2 Procedure ................................................................................................................................................................. 56 9.4 Common Management Commands ............................................................................................................................. 62 9.5 Uninstallation.............................................................................................................................................................. 63 10 Volume Management ................................................................................................................... 66 11 Host High-Availability ................................................................................................................. 70 11.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................................... 70 11.1.1 MSCS ..................................................................................................................................................................... 70 11.1.2 WSFC..................................................................................................................................................................... 71 11.2 Configuration ............................................................................................................................................................ 73 11.2.1 MSCS ..................................................................................................................................................................... 73 11.2.2 WSFC..................................................................................................................................................................... 73 Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. v HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows Contents 12 Virtualization Technology .......................................................................................................... 74 12.1 Introduction to Hyper-V............................................................................................................................................ 74 12.2 Hyper-V Configuration ............................................................................................................................................. 74 12.2.1 Adding Hyper-V..................................................................................................................................................... 74 12.2.2 Creating Hyper-V VMs .......................................................................................................................................... 75 A Acronyms and Abbreviations ...................................................................................................... 76 Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. vi HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows Figures Figures Figure 1-1 System information .............................................................................................................................. 2 Figure 1-2 Firewall configuration.......................................................................................................................... 5 Figure 1-3 Remote desktop connection ................................................................................................................. 6 Figure 1-4 Server Manager .................................................................................................................................... 7 Figure 1-5 diskpart commands in GUI .................................................................................................................. 8 Figure 2-2 Fibre Channel multi-path direct-connection network diagram (dual-controller) ............................... 13 Figure 2-3 Fibre Channel multi-path direct-connection network diagram (four-controller) ............................... 13 Figure 2-4 Fibre Channel multi-path switch-based network diagram (dual-controller) ...................................... 14 Figure 2-5 Fibre Channel multi-path switch-based network diagram (four-controller) ...................................... 14 Figure 2-6 iSCSI multi-path direct-connection network diagram (dual-controller) ............................................ 15 Figure 2-7 iSCSI multi-path direct-connection network diagram (four-controller) ............................................ 16 Figure 2-8 iSCSI multi-path switch-based network diagram (dual-controller) ................................................... 16 Figure 2-9 iSCSI multi-path switch-based network diagram (four-controller).................................................... 17 Figure 3-1 Checking HBA installation in Device Manager ................................................................................. 18 Figure 3-2 Run the fcinfo command to query HBA information ........................................................................ 19 Figure 3-3 Configuring disk timeout in the registry ............................................................................................ 20 Figure 3-4 Changing the iSCSI initiator driver timeout ...................................................................................... 21 Figure 5-1 Switch information ............................................................................................................................ 25 Figure 5-2 Switch port indicator status................................................................................................................ 27 Figure 5-3 Zone tab page ..................................................................................................................................... 28 Figure 5-4 Zone configuration............................................................................................................................. 28 Figure 5-5 Zone Config tab page ......................................................................................................................... 29 Figure 5-6 Name Server page .............................................................................................................................. 30 Figure 6-1 Fibre Channel port details .................................................................................................................. 35 Figure 6-2 Fibre Channel port details .................................................................................................................. 36 Figure 7-1 iSCSI Initiator page ........................................................................................................................... 39 Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. vii HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows Figures Figure 7-2 Modifying IPv4 addresses ................................................................................................................. 40 Figure 7-3 Modifying IPv4 addresses ................................................................................................................. 42 Figure 7-4 Entering the initiator name ................................................................................................................ 43 Figure 7-5 Configuring the target IP address ....................................................................................................... 44 Figure 7-6 Initiator CHAP configuration............................................................................................................. 45 Figure 7-7 CHAP Configuration dialog box........................................................................................................ 46 Figure 7-8 Create CHAP dialog box ................................................................................................................... 46 Figure 7-9 Assigning the CHAP account to the initiator ..................................................................................... 47 Figure 7-10 Setting CHAP status ........................................................................................................................ 48 Figure 7-11 Enabling CHAP ............................................................................................................................... 48 Figure 7-12 Initiator status after CHAP is enabled .............................................................................................. 48 Figure 7-13 Connecting to the target on a host through CHAP authentication ................................................... 49 Figure 9-1 Configuring MPIO parameters in the registry ................................................................................... 56 Figure 9-2 Enabling ALUA ................................................................................................................................. 57 Figure 9-3 Adding Multipath I/O......................................................................................................................... 58 Figure 9-4 Viewing VID and PID ........................................................................................................................ 58 Figure 9-5 Querying disk information ................................................................................................................. 59 Figure 9-6 Starting the MPIO console ................................................................................................................. 59 Figure 9-7 Adding storage devices ...................................................................................................................... 60 Figure 9-8 MPIO policy management page......................................................................................................... 60 Figure 9-9 Path details configuration page .......................................................................................................... 61 Figure 9-10 Deleting iSCSI devices managed by MPIO ..................................................................................... 64 Figure 9-11 Deleting Multipath I/O ..................................................................................................................... 64 Figure 10-1 Rescanning for disks ........................................................................................................................ 67 Figure 10-2 Setting the identified disks online .................................................................................................... 67 Figure 10-3 Initializing disks............................................................................................................................... 68 Figure 10-4 New RAID-5 volume dialog box ..................................................................................................... 68 Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. viii HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows Tables Tables Table 1-1 Comparison among the four file systems .............................................................................................. 3 Table 1-2 Restrictions of NTFS with GPT disks ................................................................................................... 4 Table 2-1 Networking modes ............................................................................................................................... 12 Table 3-1 Management tools of mainstream HBAs ............................................................................................. 19 Table 5-1 Mapping between switch types and names .......................................................................................... 25 Table 5-2 Comparison of link aggregation modes ............................................................................................... 32 Table 6-1 Comparison among the three topology modes..................................................................................... 34 Table 9-1 Configuring ALUA on the storage system ........................................................................................... 57 Table 9-2 Default MPIO policy ........................................................................................................................... 61 Table 9-3 CMD commands for MPIO management ............................................................................................ 62 Table 9-4 Meaning of parameter num in the command for modifying the load balancing policy ....................... 63 Table 11-1 Maximum number of nodes supported by different storage systems ................................................. 71 Table 11-2 WSFC terms ....................................................................................................................................... 72 Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. ix HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 1 1 Windows Operating System Windows Operating System 1.1 Overview Windows is a Microsoft operating system intended for servers. Each Windows Server Edition has a corresponding home (workstation) edition, except Windows Server 2003 R2. System Information On a Windows host, choose Start > Run. In the Run dialog box that is displayed, enter msconfig to start the system configuration module. Choose tools > system information and click Launch. The displayed window shows the system information, as shown in Figure 1-1. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 1 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 1 Windows Operating System Figure 1-1 System information You can also use the MS-DOS command systeminfo to obtain the previous information. On Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2, and Windows Server 2012, you can run the slmgr.vbs –dlv command on the MS-DOS command-line interface (CLI) to obtain more details. 1.2 File Systems in Windows Windows supports the following file systems: FAT File Application Table (FAT) is a file system developed for MS-DOS. This file system is simple in design and applicable to all Windows operating systems of later versions. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 1 Windows Operating System However, FAT has a serious drawback. After a file is deleted, new data is written onto the file location in chunks, which lowers later data read/write speeds. FAT32 FAT32 is similar to FAT. One difference is that FAT32 applies to larger disk applications. FAT supports only 4 GB partitions or volumes whereas those supported by FAT32 can be up to 2 TB. NTFS New Technology File System (NTFS) is a standard file system that applies to Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2008, Windows Vista, and Windows 7. NTFS takes the place of FAT as the file system for Microsoft Windows operating systems. NTFS optimizes FAT and High Performance File System (HPFS). For example, NTFS supports metadata and uses advanced data structure, which improves performance, reliability, and disk space utilization. NTFS also provides extended functions such as the access control list (ACL) and file system logs. exFAT Extended File Allocation Table File System (exFAT) is a Microsoft file system optimized for flash drives. exFAT applies to Windows Embedded 5.0 and later (including Windows CE 5.0, Windows CE 6.0, Windows Mobile 5, Windows Mobile 6, and Windows Mobile 6.1). This file system supports 4 GB or larger files that are not supported by FAT32. Compared with exFAT, NTFS is inapplicable to flash drives. ReFS Resilient File System (ReFS) is a new file system introduced with Windows Server 2012. ReFS aims to improve the availability and fault tolerance capability in the big data era. When interworking with Space Storage, ReFS provides a comprehensive, end-to-end, and flexible storage architecture. Table 1-1 Comparison among the four file systems Issue (2014-03-29) Specifications FAT32 NTFS exFAT ReFS Operating system Versions later than Win 95 OSR2 Versions later than Win 2000 Win CE 6/Vista SP1 Versions later than Win 2012 Min. sector size 512 B 512 B 512 B 64 KB Max. sector size 64 KB 64 KB 64 KB 64 KB Max. file size 2 B to 4 GB Depending on the max. partition capacity 16 EB 16 EB Max. formatted capacity 2 TB (NT kernel: 32 GB) 2 TB to 256 TB (depending on the MBR) 16 EB (theoretical value, 256 TB is supported currently) 256 ZB using 16 KB cluster sizes. Windows stack addressing: 16 EB Number of archives 4,194,304 None At least 1000 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 3 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 1 Windows Operating System Table 1-2 lists the restrictions of NTFS with GPT disks. Table 1-2 Restrictions of NTFS with GPT disks Allocation Unit Size Max. NTFS Volume Size 512 2,199,023,255,040 (2 TB) 1024 4,398,046,510,080 (4 TB) 2048 8,796,093,020,160 (8 TB) 4096 17,592,186,040,320 (16 TB) 8192 35,184,372,080,640 (32 TB) 16,384 70,368,744,161,280 (64 TB) 32,768 140,737,488,322,560 (128 TB) 65,536 281,474,976,645,120 (256 TB) 1.3 Common Management Tools and Commands You need to remotely log in to a Windows host and run management commands on the host. The following details the login method, management tools, and management commands. 1.3.1 Remote Login Perform the following steps to manage a host using the remote desktop: Step 1 Ensure that the network connectivity is normal between the client host and the managed host. Step 2 Configure the firewall on the managed host. Click Start and choose Administrative Tools > Windows Firewall with Advanced Security. On the firewall configuration page that is displayed, enable Remote Desktop (TCP-In) and File and Printer Sharing (Echo Request – ICMPv4-In) in Inbound Rules, as shown in Figure 1-2. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 4 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 1 Windows Operating System Figure 1-2 Firewall configuration CAUTION Inbound rules refer to rules for receiving network information. After Remote Desktop (TCP-In) is enabled, other devices can access the managed host through the remote desktop. After File and Printer Sharing (Echo Request – ICMPv4-In) is enabled, other devices on the network can ping the managed host to check network connectivity. To prevent security risks, you are advised to restore firewall configurations to the initial state after completing host commissioning. Step 3 Ping each other's IP address on the client host and the managed host respectively to verify firewall configurations. Step 4 Configure the remote login level on the managed host. Right-click My Computer and choose Properties from the shortcut menu. In the dialog box that is displayed, click Change Settings. In the dialog box that is displayed, click the Remote tab. In Remote Desktop, select Allow Connections from computers running any version of Remote Desktop (less secure). Step 5 On the client host, enter mstsc in the Run window to start the remote desktop connection, as shown in Figure 1-3. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 5 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 1 Windows Operating System Figure 1-3 Remote desktop connection Step 6 In the remote desktop connection dialog box that is displayed, enter the IP address of the managed host. Step 7 Enter the user and password of the managed host. ----End 1.3.2 Management Tool Window provides a powerful computer management tool Server Manager. This tool provides most host management functions, such as configuring system features, viewing system logs, managing system services, and monitoring system performance. This section describes how to start Server Manager and use this tool to manage disks. Starting Server Manager Perform the following steps to start Server Manager: Step 1 On the host, click Start. Step 2 Right-click Computer and choose Manage from the shortcut menu. Server Manager is started, as shown in Figure 1-4. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 6 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 1 Windows Operating System Figure 1-4 Server Manager In the navigation tree, choose Storage > Disk Management. The disks available for management are displayed. ----End Managing Disks You can use Server Manager to manage storage resources, such as initializing disks, partitioning disks, formatting disks, and managing volumes. In Windows Server 2008 and later versions, you need to set the state of LUNs mapped to the host for the first time to online in Disk Management. The operating system then marks the LUNs for identification. This process is disk initialization. Only the initialized disks can be used by the host in volume management. You need to specify disk partition format when initializing disks. Available formats are: Master Boot Record (MBR) GUID Partition Table (GPT) In versions earlier than Windows Server 2008, you do not need to set a disk online or specify partition format. The system uses the default format MBR. The partition format refers to the method of organizing disk partitions in Windows XP Professional and Windows Server 2003. For details, see: http://technet.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/cc738081%28v=ws.10%29.aspx In Windows, disks are categorized as basic disks and dynamic disks. Only simple volumes can be created on basic disks. Spanned volumes, mirror volumes, striped volumes, and RAID-5 volumes are created on dynamic disks. In Windows Server 2008 and later versions, Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 7 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 1 Windows Operating System the operating system converts basic disks to dynamic disks when spanned volumes (or other volumes that can only be created on dynamic disks) are created on basic disks. For details about volume management, see chapter 10 "Volume Management." 1.3.3 Disk Management Commands Although Windows is a GUI-based operating system, it also provides the powerful diskpart MS-DOS management commands. The diskpart disk management module can complete all operations under Disk Management. Figure 1-5 shows the diskpart commands. Figure 1-5 diskpart commands in GUI The preceding commands show the process that three LUNs are initialized and then used to create a RAID-5 volume. Step 2 Scan for LUNs. DISKPART> rescan Please wait while DiskPart scans your configuration... Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 8 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 1 Windows Operating System DiskPart has finished scanning your configuration. DISKPART> list disk Disk ### Status Size Free Dyn Gpt -------- ------------- ------- ------- --- --Disk 0 Online 279 GB 0 B Disk 1 Disk 2 Online Offline 279 GB 4094 MB 5120 MB 5120 MB Disk 3 Offline 10 GB 0 B * Disk 4 Offline 20 GB 0 B * Step 3 Set the state of the LUNs mapped to the host for the first time to online. DISKPART> select disk 2 Disk 2 is now the selected disk. DISKPART> online disk DiskPart successfully onlined the selected disk. DISKPART> list disk Disk ### Status Size Free Dyn Gpt -------- ------------- ------- ------- --- --Disk 0 Disk 1 * Disk 2 Disk 3 Disk 4 Online Online 279 GB 0 B 279 GB 4094 MB Online 5120 MB 5120 MB Offline Offline 10 GB 20 GB 0 B 0 B * * DISKPART> select disk 3 Disk 3 is now the selected disk. DISKPART> online disk DiskPart successfully onlined the selected disk. DISKPART> list disk Disk ### Status Size Free Dyn Gpt -------- ------------- ------- ------- --- --Disk 0 Online 279 GB 0 B Disk 1 Online 279 GB 4094 MB Disk 2 * Disk 3 Disk 4 Online Online Offline 5120 MB 5120 MB 10 GB 0 B 20 GB 0 B * * DISKPART> select disk 4 Disk 4 is now the selected disk. DISKPART> online disk Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 9 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 1 Windows Operating System DiskPart successfully onlined the selected disk. DISKPART> list disk Disk ### Status Size Free Dyn Gpt -------- ------------- ------- ------- --- --Disk 0 Online 279 GB 0 B Disk 1 Disk 2 Online Online 279 GB 4094 MB 5120 MB 5120 MB Disk 3 Online 10 GB 0 B * * Disk 4 Online 20 GB 0 B * Step 4 Convert disks to dynamic disks. DISKPART> select disk 2 Disk 2 is now the selected disk. DISKPART> convert dynamic DiskPart successfully converted the selected disk to dynamic format. DISKPART> select disk 3 Disk 3 is now the selected disk. DISKPART> convert dynamic DiskPart successfully converted the selected disk to dynamic format. DISKPART> select disk 4 Disk 4 is now the selected disk. DISKPART> convert dynamic DiskPart successfully converted the selected disk to dynamic format. Step 5 Create a RAID-5 volume. DISKPART> list volume Volume ### Ltr Label Fs Type Size Status Info ---------- --- ----------- ----- ---------- ------- --------- -------Volume 0 System Rese NTFS Partition 350 MB Healthy System Volume 1 C NTFS Partition 160 GB Healthy Boot DISKPART> create volume raid size=50 disk=2,3,4 DiskPart successfully created the volume. DISKPART> list volume Volume ### Ltr Label Fs Type Size Status Info ---------- --- ----------- ----- ---------- ------- --------- -------Volume 0 System Rese NTFS Partition 350 MB Healthy System Volume 1 Issue (2014-03-29) C NTFS Partition 160 GB Healthy Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Boot 10 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows * Volume 2 1 Windows Operating System RAW RAID-5 100 MB Healthy Step 6 Format the volume. DISKPART> format 100 percent completed DiskPart successfully formatted the volume. DISKPART> list volume Volume ### Ltr Label Fs Type Size Status Info ---------- --- ----------- ----- ---------- ------- --------- -------Volume 0 Volume 1 C System Rese NTFS Partition 350 MB Healthy System NTFS Partition 160 GB Healthy Boot * Volume 2 NTFS RAID-5 100 MB Healthy Step 7 Mount the file system. DISKPART> assign DiskPart successfully assigned the drive letter or mount point. DISKPART> list volume Volume ### Ltr Label Fs Type Size Status Info ---------- --- ----------- ----- ---------- ------- --------- -------Volume 0 Volume 1 C * Volume 2 D System Rese NTFS Partition 350 MB Healthy System NTFS Partition 160 GB Healthy Boot NTFS RAID-5 100 MB Healthy ----End Compared with the GUI-based disk management, the CLI disk management commands in Windows are complex. However, those CLI commands are very useful in automatic management and tests. 1.4 Interoperability Between Windows and Storage Systems When connecting a storage system to a Windows host, consider the interoperability of upper-layer applications and components (such as storage systems, Windows systems, HBAs, and switches) in the environment. For more information about interoperability between Huawei storage systems and Windows hosts, see the interoperability matrices of the storage systems. You can obtain interoperability matrices at: http://3ms.huawei.com/mm/docNav/mmNavigate.do?method=showMMList&node_id=1-2-35 621-39226-39244-39256 The page to which the preceding link navigates contains interoperability matrices of all Huawei storage systems. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 11 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 2 Network Planning 2 Network Planning Windows hosts and storage systems can be networked based on different criteria. Table 2-1 Networking modes Criteria Networking Mode Interface module type Fibre Channel network/iSCSI network Whether switches are used Direct-connection network (no switches are used)/Switch-based network (switches are used) Whether multiple paths exist Single-path network/Multi-path network A Fibre Channel network is the most widely used network for Windows operating systems. To ensure service data security, both direct-connection network and switch-based network are multi-path networks. The following details commonly used Fibre Channel and iSCSI networks. 2.1 Fibre Channel Network Diagram 2.1.1 Multi-Path Direct-Connection Network Huawei provides dual-controller and multi-controller storage systems, whose network diagrams differ. The following describes network diagrams of dual-controller and multi-controller storage systems respectively. Dual-Controller The following uses HUAWEI OceanStor S5500T as an example to explain how to connect a Windows host to a storage system over a Fibre Channel multi-path direct-connection network, as shown in Figure 2-2. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 12 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 2 Network Planning Figure 2-1 Fibre Channel multi-path direct-connection network diagram (dual-controller) On this network, both controllers of the storage system are connected to the host's HBA through optical fibers. Multi-Controller The following uses HUAWEI OceanStor 18800 (four-controller) as an example to explain how to connect a Windows host to a storage system over a Fibre Channel multi-path direct-connection network, as shown in Figure 2-2. Figure 2-2 Fibre Channel multi-path direct-connection network diagram (four-controller) On this network, the four controllers of the storage system are connected to the host's HBAs through optical fibers. 2.1.2 Multi-Path Switch-based Network Huawei provides dual-controller and multi-controller storage systems, whose network diagrams differ. The following describes network diagrams of dual-controller and multi-controller storage systems respectively. Dual-Controller The following uses HUAWEI OceanStor S5500T as an example to explain how to connect a Windows host to a storage system over a Fibre Channel multi-path switch-based network, as shown in Figure 2-3. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 13 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 2 Network Planning Figure 2-3 Fibre Channel multi-path switch-based network diagram (dual-controller) On this network, the storage system is connected to the host via two switches. Both controllers of the storage system are connected to the switches through optical fibers and both switches are connected to the host through optical fibers. To ensure the connectivity between the host and the storage system, each zone contains only one storage port and its corresponding host port. Multi-Controller The following uses HUAWEI OceanStor 18800 (four-controller) as an example to explain how to connect a Windows host to a storage system over a Fibre Channel multi-path switch-based network, as shown in Figure 2-4. Figure 2-4 Fibre Channel multi-path switch-based network diagram (four-controller) Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 14 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 2 Network Planning On this network, the storage system is connected to the host via two switches. All controllers of the storage system are connected to the switches through optical fibers and both switches are connected to the host through optical fibers. To ensure the connectivity between the host and the storage system, each zone contains only one storage port and its corresponding host port. 2.2 iSCSI Network Diagram 2.2.1 Multi-Path Direct-Connection Network Huawei provides dual-controller and multi-controller storage systems, whose network diagrams differ. The following describes network diagrams of dual-controller and multi-controller storage systems respectively. Dual-Controller The following uses HUAWEI OceanStor S5500T as an example to explain how to connect a Windows host to a storage system over an iSCSI multi-path direct-connection network, as shown in Figure 2-5. Figure 2-5 iSCSI multi-path direct-connection network diagram (dual-controller) On this network, both controllers of the storage system are connected to the host's network adapter through Ethernet cables. Multi-Controller The following uses HUAWEI OceanStor 18800 (four-controller) as an example to explain how to connect a Windows host to a storage system over an iSCSI multi-path direct-connection network, as shown in Figure 2-6. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 15 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 2 Network Planning Figure 2-6 iSCSI multi-path direct-connection network diagram (four-controller) On this network, the four controllers of the storage system are connected to the host's network adapter through Ethernet cables. 2.2.2 Multi-Path Switch-based Network Huawei provides dual-controller and multi-controller storage systems, whose network diagrams differ. The following describes network diagrams of dual-controller and multi-controller storage systems respectively. Dual-Controller The following uses HUAWEI OceanStor S5500T as an example to explain how to connect a Windows host to a storage system over an iSCSI multi-path switch-based network, as shown in Figure 2-7. Figure 2-7 iSCSI multi-path switch-based network diagram (dual-controller) Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 16 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 2 Network Planning On this network, the storage system is connected to the host via two Ethernet switches. Both controllers of the storage system are connected to the switches through Ethernet cables and both switches are connected to the host's network adapter through Ethernet cables. To ensure the connectivity between the host and the storage system, each VLAN contains only one storage port and its corresponding host port. Multi-Controller The following uses HUAWEI OceanStor 18800 (four-controller) as an example to explain how to connect a Windows host to a storage system over an iSCSI multi-path switch-based network, as shown in Figure 2-8. Figure 2-8 iSCSI multi-path switch-based network diagram (four-controller) On this network, the storage system is connected to the host via two Ethernet switches. All controllers of the storage system are connected to the switches through Ethernet cables and both switches are connected to the host's network adapter through Ethernet cables. To ensure the connectivity between the host and the storage system, each VLAN contains only one storage port and its corresponding host port. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 17 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 3 3 Preparations Before Configuration (on a Host) Preparations Before Configuration (on a Host) Before connecting a host to a storage system, make sure that the host HBAs are identified and working correctly. You also need to obtain the WWNs of HBA ports. The WWNs will be used in subsequent configuration on the storage system. This chapter details how to check the HBA status and query WWNs of HBA ports. 3.1 HBA Identification After an HBA is installed on a host, you can view whether the HBA exists in Device Management. If the HBA exists, the physical connection of the HBA is correct. Then check whether there is a question mark or exclamation mark on the HBA name. If there is no such mark, the HBA driver is normal. If an HBA is a Fibre Channel HBA, insert the optical module. Then check whether the driver is installed correctly by viewing whether light comes out from the optical module outlet. Figure 3-1 Checking HBA installation in Device Manager Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 18 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 3 Preparations Before Configuration (on a Host) 3.2 HBA Properties After an HBA is installed on a host and the host is powered on, open Device Management to check whether the HBA is identified and whether the driver needs to be installed manually. Further management of the HBA requires that the corresponding management software be installed. Table 3-1 lists the management tools of mainstream HBAs. Table 3-1 Management tools of mainstream HBAs Vendor Management Software QLogic Sansurfer Emulex OneCommmand Manager Brocade Brocade Adapter Software ATTO Windows Host Adapter Utilities In addition, you can download the query program Fibre Channel Information Tool at: http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=17530 After the software is installed, run fcinfo on the DOS CLI to obtain the HBA information, as shown in Figure 3-2. Figure 3-2 Run the fcinfo command to query HBA information 3.3 Windows Disk Timeout If a host's request for disk data has no response during a disk timeout, the operating system of the host considers no response as normal. However, if the host still receives no response after Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 19 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 3 Preparations Before Configuration (on a Host) the disk timeout expires, the host operating system reports an error or abandons this data request. By default, the disk timeout in Windows is 60 seconds. The disk timeout can be changed in some special conditions, for example, installing drivers. In this case, you need to change the disk timeout to 60 seconds. The following explains how to change the disk timeout in the registry. Step 1 Run the CMD command regedit to start Registry Editor. Step 2 Choose HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE > System > CurrentControlSet > Services > Disks. Step 3 In the function pane, check whether TimeOutValue exists. If no, right-click the function pane and choose New > DWORD Value. Set the name to TimeOutValue and go to step 4. If yes, double-click TimeOutValue and go to step 4. Step 4 In Value data, enter a desired value. You can specify the value format. Available formats are Hexadecimal and Decimal, as shown in Figure 3-3. Figure 3-3 Configuring disk timeout in the registry Step 5 Restart the host for the change to take effect. ----End Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 20 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 3 Preparations Before Configuration (on a Host) 3.4 iSCSI Initiator Driver Timeout During an iSCSI initiator driver timeout, a host can still send device files to upper-layer applications when links to the host are down. If multipathing software is installed, the iSCSI initiator driver timeout needs to be changed so that the multipathing software can receive link errors in a timely manner and then initiates a path switchover. To change the iSCSI initiator driver timeout in the registry, perform the following steps: Step 1 Run the CMD command regedit to start Registry Editor. Step 2 Query the registry key. Choose HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE > System > CurrentControlSet > Control > Class > {4D36E97B-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318} > Instance Number > Parameters, as shown in Figure 3-4. Figure 3-4 Changing the iSCSI initiator driver timeout Step 3 Modify the registry key. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 21 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 3 Preparations Before Configuration (on a Host) By default, LinkDownTime and MaxRequestHoldTime are 15 seconds and 60 seconds respectively. On a multi-path network, the path failover time decreases with the values of the two parameters. CAUTION For details about how to configure LinkDownTime and MaxRequestHoldTime, see: http://blogs.msdn.com/b/san/archive/2008/07/27/microsoft-iscsi-software-initiator-isns-server -timers-quick-reference.aspx If UltraPath is installed, run CMD command iscsiconfig get timeout value to query the iSCSI initiator driver timeout and then run iscsiconfig set timeout xxx to specify the timeout. Step 4 Restart the host for the change to take effect. ----End Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 22 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 4 4 Preparations Before Configuration (on a Storage System) Preparations Before Configuration (on a Storage System) Make sure that RAID groups, LUNs, and hosts are correctly created on the storage systems. These configurations are common and therefore not detailed here. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 23 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 5 5 Configuring Switches Configuring Switches Windows hosts and storage systems can be connected over a Fibre Channel switch-based network, an iSCSI switch-based network, and an FCoE switch-based network. The three types of networks use Fibre Channel switches, Ethernet switches, and FCoE switches respectively. This chapter describes how to configure those switches. 5.1 Fibre Channel Switch The commonly used Fibre Channel switches are mainly from Brocade and QLogic. The following uses a Brocade switch as an example to explain how to configure switches. 5.1.1 Querying the Switch Model and Version Perform the following steps to query the switch model and version: Step 1 Log in to the Brocade switch from a web page. On the web page, enter the IP address of the Brocade switch. The Web Tools switch login dialog box is displayed. Enter the account and password. The default account and password are admin and password. The switch management page is displayed. CAUTION Web Tools works correctly only when Java is installed on the host. Java 1.6 or later is recommended. Step 2 View the switch information. On the switch management page that is displayed, click Switch Information. The switch information is displayed, as shown in Figure 5-1. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 24 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 5 Configuring Switches Figure 5-1 Switch information Note the following parameters: Fabric OS version: indicates the switch version information. The interoperability between switches and storage systems varies with the switch version. Only switches of authenticated versions can interconnect correctly with storage systems. Type: This parameter is a decimal consists of an integer and a decimal fraction. The integer indicates the switch model and the decimal fraction indicates the switch template version. You only need to pay attention to the switch model. Table 5-1 describes switch model mapping. Table 5-1 Mapping between switch types and names Issue (2014-03-29) Switch Type Switch Name Switch Type Switch Name 1 Brocade 1000 Switch 58 Brocade 5000 Switch 2,6 Brocade 2800 Switch 61 Brocade 4424 Embedded Switch 3 Brocade 2100, 2400 Switches 62 Brocade DCX Backbone 4 Brocade 20x0, 2010, 2040, 2050 Switches 64 Brocade 5300 Switch 5 Brocade 22x0, 2210, 2240, 2250 Switches 66 Brocade 5100 Switch Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 25 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows Issue (2014-03-29) 5 Configuring Switches Switch Type Switch Name Switch Type Switch Name 7 Brocade 2000 Switch 67 Brocade Encryption Switch 9 Brocade 3800 Switch 69 Brocade 5410 Blade 10 Brocade 12000 Director 70 Brocade 5410 Embedded Switch 12 Brocade 3900 Switch 71 Brocade 300 Switch 16 Brocade 3200 Switch 72 Brocade 5480 Embedded Switch 17 Brocade 3800VL 73 Brocade 5470 Embedded Switch 18 Brocade 3000 Switch 75 Brocade M5424 Embedded Switch 21 Brocade 24000 Director 76 Brocade 8000 Switch 22 Brocade 3016 Switch 77 Brocade DCX-4S Backbone 26 Brocade 3850 Switch 83 Brocade 7800 Extension Switch 27 Brocade 3250 Switch 86 Brocade 5450 Embedded Switch 29 Brocade 4012 Embedded Switch 87 Brocade 5460 Embedded Switch 32 Brocade 4100 Switch 90 Brocade 8470 Embedded Switch 33 Brocade 3014 Switch 92 Brocade VA-40FC Switch 34 Brocade 200E Switch 95 Brocade VDX 6720-24 Data Center Switch 37 Brocade 4020 Embedded Switch 96 Brocade VDX 6730-32 Data Center Switch 38 Brocade 7420 SAN Router 97 Brocade VDX 6720-60 Data Center Switch 40 Fibre Channel Routing (FCR) Front Domain 98 Brocade VDX 6730-76 Data Center Switch 41 Fibre Channel Routing, (FCR) Xlate Domain 108 Dell M8428-k FCoE Embedded Switch 42 Brocade 48000 Director 109 Brocade 6510 Switch Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 26 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 5 Configuring Switches Switch Type Switch Name Switch Type Switch Name 43 Brocade 4024 Embedded Switch 116 Brocade VDX 6710 Data Center Switch 44 Brocade 4900 Switch 117 Brocade 6547 Embedded Switch 45 Brocade 4016 Embedded Switch 118 Brocade 6505 Switch 46 Brocade 7500 Switch 120 Brocade DCX 8510-8 Backbone 51 Brocade 4018 Embedded Switch 121 Brocade DCX 8510-4 Backbone 55.2 Brocade 7600 Switch Ethernet IPv4: indicates the switch IP address. Effective Configuration: indicates the currently effective configurations. This parameter is important and is related to zone configurations. In this example, the currently effective configuration is ss. 5.1.2 Configuring Zones Zone configuration is important for Fibre Channel switches. Perform the following steps to configure switch zones: Step 1 Log in to the Brocade switch from a web page. This step is the same as that in section 5.1.1 "Querying the Switch Model and Version." Step 2 Check the switch port status. Normally, the switch port indicators are steady green, as shown in Figure 5-2. Figure 5-2 Switch port indicator status If the port indicators are abnormal, check the topology mode and rate. Proceed with the next step after all indicators are normal. Step 3 Go to the Zone Admin page. In the navigation tree of Web Tools, choose Task > Manage > Zone Admin. You can also choose Manage > Zone Admin in the navigation bar. Step 4 Check whether the switch identifies hosts and storage systems. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 27 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 5 Configuring Switches On the Zone Admin page, click the Zone tab. In Ports&Attached Devices, check whether all related ports are identified, as shown in Figure 5-3. Figure 5-3 Zone tab page The preceding figure shows that ports 1,8 and 1,9 in use are correctly identified by the switch. Step 5 Create a zone. On the Zone tab page, click New Zone to create a new zone and name it zone_8_9. Select ports 1,8 and 1,9 and click Add Member to add them to the new zone, as shown in Figure 5-4. Figure 5-4 Zone configuration Step 6 Add the new zone to the configuration file and activate the new zone. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 28 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 5 Configuring Switches On the Zone Admin page, click the Zone Config tab. In the Name drop-down list, choose the currently effective configuration ss. In Member Selection List, select zone zone_8_9 and click Add Member to add it to the configuration file. Click Save Config to save the configuration and click Enable Config to make the configuration effective. Figure 5-5 shows the Zone Config page. Figure 5-5 Zone Config tab page Step 7 Verify that the configuration takes effect. In the navigation tree of Web Tools, choose Task > Monitor > Name Server to go to the Name Server page. You can also choose Monitor > Name Server in the navigation bar. Figure 5-6 shows the Name Server page. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 29 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 5 Configuring Switches Figure 5-6 Name Server page The preceding figure shows that ports 8 and 9 are members of zone_8_9 that is now effective. An effective zone is marked by an asterisk (*). ----End 5.1.3 Precautions Note the following when connecting a Brocade switch to a storage system at a rate of 8 Gbit/s: The topology mode of the storage system must be set to switch. fill word of ports through which the switch is connected to the storage system must be set to 0. To configure this parameter, run the portcfgfillword <port number> 0 command on the switch. Note the following when connecting a Brocade switch to a storage system at a rate of 8 Gbit/s: When the switch is connected to module HP VC 8Gb 20-port FC or HP VC FlexFabric 10Gb/24-port, change the switch configuration. For details, visit: https://h20566.www2.hp.com/portal/site/hpsc/template.PAGE/public/psi/troubleshootDis play/?javax.portlet.prp_efb5c0793523e51970c8fa22b053ce01=wsrp-navigationalState% 3DdocId%3Demr_na-c02619780%7CdocLocale%3Dzh_CN&lang=en&javax.portlet.be gCacheTok=com.vignette.cachetoken&sp4ts.oid=3984629&javax.portlet.endCacheTok= com.vignette.cachetoken&javax.portlet.tpst=efb5c0793523e51970c8fa22b053ce01&hpa ppid=sp4ts&cc=US&ac.admitted=1337927146324.876444892.199480143 5.2 Ethernet Switch This section describes how to configure Ethernet switches, including configuring VLANs and binding ports. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 30 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 5 Configuring Switches 5.2.1 Configuring VLANs On an Ethernet network to which many hosts are connected, a large number of broadcast packets are generated during the host communication. Broadcast packets sent from one host will be received by all other hosts on the network, consuming more bandwidth. Moreover, all hosts on the network can access each other, resulting data security risks. To save bandwidth and prevent security risks, hosts on an Ethernet network are divided into multiple logical groups. Each logical group is a VLAN. The following uses HUAWEI Quidway 2700 Ethernet switch as an example to explain how to configure VLANs. In the following example, two VLANs (VLAN 1000 and VLAN 2000) are created. VLAN 1000 contains ports GE 1/0/1 to 1/0/16. VLAN 2000 contains ports GE 1/0/20 to 1/0/24. Step 1 Go to the system view. <Quidway>system-view System View: return to User View with Ctrl+Z. Step 2 Create VLAN 1000 and add ports to it. [Quidway]VLAN 1000 [Quidway-vlan1000]port GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 to GigabitEthernet 1/0/16 Step 3 Configure the IP address of VLAN 1000. [Quidway-vlan1000]interface VLAN 1000 [Quidway-Vlan-interface1000]ip address 1.0.0.1 255.255.255.0 Step 4 Create VLAN 2000, add ports, and configure the IP address. [Quidway]VLAN 2000 [Quidway-vlan2000]port GigabitEthernet 1/0/20 to GigabitEthernet 1/0/24 [Quidway-vlan2000]interface VLAN 2000 [Quidway-Vlan-interface2000]ip address 2.0.0.1 255.255.255.0 ----End 5.2.2 Binding Ports When storage systems and hosts are connected in point-to-point mode, existing bandwidth may be insufficient for storage data transmission. Moreover, devices cannot be redundantly connected in point-to-point mode. To address these problems, ports are bound (link aggregation). Port binding can improve bandwidth and balance load among multiple links. Link Aggregation Modes Three Ethernet link aggregation modes are available: Manual aggregation Manually run a command to add ports to an aggregation group. Ports added to the aggregation group must have the same link type. Static aggregation Manually run a command to add ports to an aggregation group. Ports added to the aggregation group must have the same link type and LACP enabled. Issue (2014-03-29) Dynamic aggregation Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 31 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 5 Configuring Switches The protocol dynamically adds ports to an aggregation group. Ports added in this way must have LACP enabled and the same speed, duplex mode, and link type. Table 5-2 compares the three link aggregation modes. Table 5-2 Comparison of link aggregation modes Link Aggregation Mode Packet Exchange Port Detection CPU Usage Manual aggregation No No Low Static aggregation Yes Yes High Dynamic aggregation Yes Yes High Procedure HUAWEI OceanStor storage devices support 802.3ad link aggregation (dynamic aggregation). In this link aggregation mode, multiple network ports are in an active aggregation group and work in duplex mode and at the same speed. After binding iSCSI host ports on a storage device, enable aggregation for their peer ports on a switch. Otherwise, links are unavailable between the storage device and the switch. This section uses switch ports GE 1/0/1 and GE 1/0/2 and iSCSI host ports P2 and P3 as examples to explain how to bind ports. You can adjust related parameters based on site requirements. Bind the iSCSI host ports. Step 1 Log in to the ISM and go to the page for binding ports. In the ISM navigation tree, choose Device Info > Storage Unit > Ports. In the function pane, click iSCSI Host Ports. Step 2 Bind ports. Select the ports that you want to bind and choose Bind Ports > Bind in the menu bar. In this example, the ports to be bound are P2 and P3. The Bind iSCSI Port dialog box is displayed. In Bond name, enter the name for the port bond and click OK. The Warning dialog box is displayed. In the Warning dialog box, select I have read the warning message carefully and click OK. The Information dialog box is displayed, indicating that the operation succeeded. Click OK. After the storage system ports are bound, configure link aggregation on the switch. Run the following command on the switch: <Quidway>system-view System View: return to User View with Ctrl+Z. [Quidway-Switch]interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 [Quidway-Switch-GigabitEthernet1/0/19]lacp enable LACP is already enabled on the port! [Quidway-Switch-GigabitEthernet1/0/19]quit Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 32 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 5 Configuring Switches [Quidway-Switch]interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/2 [Quidway-Switch-GigabitEthernet1/0/20]lacp enable LACP is already enabled on the port! [Quidway-Switch-GigabitEthernet1/0/20]quit After the command is executed, LACP is enabled for ports GE 1/0/1 and GE 1/0/2. Then the ports can be automatically detected and added to an aggregation group. ----End Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 33 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 6 6 Establishing Fibre Channel Connections Establishing Fibre Channel Connections After connecting a host to a storage system, check the topology modes of the host and the storage system. Fibre Channel connections are established between the host and the storage system after host initiators are identified by the storage system. The following describes how to check topology modes and add initiators. 6.1 Checking Topology Modes There are three topology modes available to Fibre Channel networks: point-to-point, arbitrated loop, and switches fabric. Table 6-1 compares the three topology modes. Table 6-1 Comparison among the three topology modes Issue (2014-03-29) Property Point-to-Point Arbitrated Loop Switched Fabric Number of ports 2 2 to 127 Up to 224 Max. bandwidth Link rate x 2 Link rate x 2 Link rate x Number of ports Bandwidth allocation rule Dedicated Shared by ports in a loop Allocated by switches Address allocation mechanism N_Port Login Loop initialization or Fabric Login Fabric Login Number of concurrent channels 1 1 Number of ports/2 Impact of port failures Link failure Loop failure (when port bypass is unavailable) Links fail between the failed port and switches Scalability Extra point-to-point links Public loop Expansion switch High reliability Redundant ports and point-to-point links Dual-loop and dual-port Redundancy switch Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 34 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 6 Establishing Fibre Channel Connections Property Point-to-Point Arbitrated Loop Switched Fabric Link rate All All (The link rates to devices on a loop must be the same.) All (support for mixing rate) Media type All All All Service category All Categories 1, 2, 3 All Frame transfer order Organized Organized Unorganized Congestion No Yes No On a direct-connection network, the topology mode of the storage system must be the same as that of HBAs. To learn about port adaption of storage systems, refer to the related version mappings. The method for checking topology modes varies with storage systems. The following describes how to check the topology mode of the OceanStor T series storage system and the OceanStor 18000 series enterprise storage system. 6.1.2 OceanStor T Series Storage System The check method is as follows: In the ISM navigation tree, choose Device Info > Storage Unit > Ports. In the function pane, click FC Host Ports. Select a port connected to the host and then view the port details, as shown in Figure 6-1. Figure 6-1 Fibre Channel port details As shown in the preceding figure, the topology mode of the OceanStor T series storage system is Public Loop. 6.1.3 OceanStor 18000 Series Enterprise Storage System The check method is as follows: Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 35 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 6 Establishing Fibre Channel Connections In the ISM navigation tree, choose System. Then click the device view icon in the upper right corner. Choose Controller Enclosure ENG0 > Controller > Interface Module > FC Port and click the port whose details that you want to view, as shown in Figure 6-2. In the navigation tree, you can see controller A and controller B, each of which has different interface modules. Choose a controller and an interface module based on actual conditions. Figure 6-2 Fibre Channel port details As shown in the preceding figure, the port working mode of the OceanStor 18000 series enterprise storage system is P2P. 6.2 Adding Initiators This section describes how to add host HBA initiators on a storage system. Perform the following steps to add initiators: Step 1 Check HBA WWNs on the host. Step 2 Check host WWNs on the storage system and add the identified WWNs to the host. The method for checking host WWNs varies with storage systems. The following describes how to check WWNs on the OceanStor T series storage system and the OceanStor 18000 storage system. OceanStor T Series Storage System Log in to the ISM and choose SAN Services > Mappings > Initiators in the navigation tree. In the function pane, check the initiator information. Ensure that the WWNs in step 1 are identified. If the WWNs are not identified, check the Fibre Channel port status. Ensure that the port status is normal. OceanStor 18000 Series Enterprise Storage System Log in to the ISM and choose Host in the navigation tree. On the Host tab page that is displayed, select a host, click Add Initiator, and check that the WWNs in step 1 are Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 36 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 6 Establishing Fibre Channel Connections found. If the WWNs are not identified, check the Fibre Channel port status. Ensure that the port status is normal. ----End 6.3 Establishing Connections Add the WWNs (initiators) to the host and ensure that the initiator connection status is Online. If the initiator status is Online, Fibre Channel connections are established correctly. If the initiator status is Offline, check the physical links and topology mode. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 37 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 7 7 Establishing iSCSI Connections Establishing iSCSI Connections IP addresses and iSCSI services need to be configured before you establish iSCSI connections. The procedure for establishing iSCSI connections is as follows: 1 Confirm that required software packages are installed on the host. 2 Configure service IP addresses on the host and the storage system. 3 Configure iSCSI initiators on the host. 4 Check the iSCSI targets of the storage system. 5 Configure the iSCSI service on the host. 6 Check initiators on the storage system and establish connection. 7.1 Checking Windows iSCSI Initiator Software Windows Server 2008 and later has built-in iSCSI Initiator software. If your operating system version is earlier than Windows Server 2008, download the iSCSI Initiator installation package, as shown in Figure 7-1. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 38 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 7 Establishing iSCSI Connections Figure 7-1 iSCSI Initiator page You are advised to install Windows iSCSI Initiator 2.08 or later. 7.2 Configuring Storage Service IP Addresses Storage systems and hosts use IP addresses to identify each other in iSCSI services. Therefore, service IP addresses must be configured for storage systems and hosts. Different versions of storage systems support different IP protocols. Specify the IP protocols for storage systems based on actual storage system versions and application scenarios. Observe the following principles when configuring IP addresses of iSCSI ports on storage systems: Issue (2014-03-29) The IP addresses of an iSCSI host port and a management network port must reside on different network segments. The IP addresses of an iSCSI host port and a heartbeat network port must reside on different network segments. The IP addresses of the iSCSI host ports on the same controller cannot be in the same network segment. Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 39 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 7 Establishing iSCSI Connections CAUTION Read-only users are not allowed to modify the IP address of an iSCSI host port. Modifying the IP address of an iSCSI host port will interrupt the services on the port. The IP address configuration varies with storage systems. The following explains how to configure IPv4 addresses on the OceanStor T series storage system and the OceanStor 18000 series enterprise storage system. 7.2.1 OceanStor T Series Storage System Perform the following steps: Step 1 In the ISM navigation tree, choose Device Info > Storage Unit > Ports. In the function pane, click iSCSI Host Ports. Select a port and choose IP Address > Modify IPv4 Address in the tool bar, as shown in Figure 7-2. Figure 7-2 Modifying IPv4 addresses Step 2 In the ISM navigation tree, choose Device Info > Storage Unit > Ports. In the function pane, click iSCSI Host Ports. In the dialog box that is displayed, enter the new IP address and subnet mask and click OK. ----End 7.2.2 OceanStor 18000 Series Enterprise Storage System Perform the following steps: Step 1 Go to the iSCSI Host Port dialog box. Then perform the following steps: Issue (2014-03-29) 1 On the right navigation bar, click . 2 In the basic information area of the function pane, click the device icon. 3 In the middle function pane, click the cabinet whose iSCSI ports you want to view. Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 40 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 7 Establishing iSCSI Connections 4 Click the controller enclosure where the desired iSCSI host ports reside. The controller enclosure view is displayed. 5 Click 6 Click the iSCSI host port whose information you want to modify. 7 The iSCSI Host Port dialog box is displayed. 8 Click Modify. to switch to the rear view. Step 2 Modify the iSCSI host port. 1 In IPv4 Address or IPv6 Address, enter the IP address of the iSCSI host port. 2 In Subnet Mask or Prefix, enter the subnet mask or prefix of the iSCSI host port. 3 In MTU (Byte), enter the maximum size of data packet that can be transferred between the iSCSI host port and the host. The value is an integer ranging from 1500 to 9216. Step 3 Confirm the iSCSI host port modification. 1 Click Apply. The Danger dialog box is displayed. 2 Carefully read the contents of the dialog box. Then click the check box next to the statement I have read the previous information and understood subsequences of the operation to confirm the information. 3 Click OK. The Success dialog box is displayed, indicating that the operation succeeded. 4 Click OK. ----End 7.3 Host 7.3.1 Configuring IP Addresses on a Host Perform the following steps to configure IP address on a host: Step 1 Choose Control Panel > Network and Internet > Network Connections. Right-click the desired network port and choose Properties from the shortcut menu. Step 2 Double-click Internet Protocol Version 4. In the dialog box that is displayed, configure the IPv4 address, as shown in Figure 7-3. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 41 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 7 Establishing iSCSI Connections Figure 7-3 Modifying IPv4 addresses Select Use the following IP address and configure the following parameters: IP address Subnet mask Default gateway ----End 7.3.2 Configuring Initiators on a Host Perform the following steps to configure initiators on a host: Step 1 Ensure that the network connectivity is normal between the host and the storage system. Ping each other's IP address on the host and storage system respectively. Step 2 Enter a name for the initiator. On the iSCSI Initiator Properties page, click the Configuration tab and enter the initiator name, as shown in Figure 7-4. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 42 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 7 Establishing iSCSI Connections Figure 7-4 Entering the initiator name In this example, the initiator name is iqn.1991-05.com.microsoft:win-bs.1s108mrc2. An iSCSI initiator name must comply with the following format: iqn.domaindate.reverse.domain.name:optional name An iSCSI initiator name contains only: Special characters: hyphens (-), periods (.), and semicolons (:) Lower-case letters, for example, a to z Digits, for example, 0 to 9 Step 3 Discover the target. On the Discovery tab page, click Discover Portal. In the dialog box that is displayed, enter the IP address of the storage system, as shown in Figure 7-5. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 43 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 7 Establishing iSCSI Connections Figure 7-5 Configuring the target IP address Keep the default iSCSI port 3260 unchanged. Step 4 Set up connections. On the Target tab page, select the newly discovered target and click Connect. Check whether the connection status of the target is connected. If yes, the connections are correctly set up between the host and the storage system. ----End 7.3.3 Establishing Connections After completing configurations on the host, discover initiators on the storage system. The method of adding initiators and LUNs are the same as those in establishing Fibre Channel connections. For details, see 6.3 "Establishing Connections." 7.4 Configuring CHAP Authentication CHAP authentication is configured to protect iSCSI link security. After CHAP authentication is configured, a host can connect a discovered target only after correct user name and password are provided. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 44 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 7 Establishing iSCSI Connections The following describes how to configure CHAP authentication on a host and storage system respectively. 7.4.1 Storage System The method for configuring CHAP authentication varies with storage systems. The following describes how to configure CHAP authentication on the OceanStor T series storage system and the OceanStor 18000 series enterprise storage system. OceanStor T Series Storage System Perform the following steps: Step 1 Go to the CHAP configuration page. In the ISM navigation tree, choose SAN Services > Mappings > Initiators. In the function pane, select the initiator whose CHAP authentication you want to configure and choose CHAP > CHAP Configuration in the navigation bar, as shown in Figure 7-6. Figure 7-6 Initiator CHAP configuration Step 2 In the CHAP Configuration dialog box that is displayed, click Create in the lower right corner, as shown in Figure 7-7. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 45 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 7 Establishing iSCSI Connections Figure 7-7 CHAP Configuration dialog box In the Create CHAP dialog box that is displayed, enter the CHAP user name and password, as shown in Figure 7-8. Figure 7-8 Create CHAP dialog box CAUTION The CHAP user name contains 4 to 25 characters and the password contains 12 to 16 characters. The limitations to CHAP user name and password vary with storage systems. For details, see the help documentation of corresponding storage systems. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 46 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 7 Establishing iSCSI Connections Step 3 Assign the CHAP user name and password to the initiator, as shown in Figure 7-9. Figure 7-9 Assigning the CHAP account to the initiator Step 4 Enable the CHAP account that is assigned to the host. In the ISM navigation tree, choose SAN Services > Mappings > Initiators. In the function pane, select the initiator whose CHAP account is to be enabled and choose CHAP > Status Settings in the navigation bar, as shown in Figure 7-10. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 47 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 7 Establishing iSCSI Connections Figure 7-10 Setting CHAP status Step 5 In the Status Settings dialog box that is displayed, choose Enabled from the CHAP Status drop-down list, as shown in Figure 7-11. Figure 7-11 Enabling CHAP On the ISM, view the initiator status, as shown in Figure 7-12. Figure 7-12 Initiator status after CHAP is enabled ----End Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 48 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 7 Establishing iSCSI Connections OceanStor 18000 Series Enterprise Storage System Perform the following steps: Step 1 Select the initiator for whose CHAP authentication you want to configure. The initiator configuration dialog box is displayed. Step 2 Select Enable CHAP. The CHAP configuration dialog box is displayed. Step 3 Enter the user name and password of CHAP authentication and click OK. CHAP authentication is configured on the storage system. ----End 7.4.2 Host Configuring CHAP Information Go to the Target tab page, select the desired target, and click Connect. On the dialog box that is displayed, click Advanced. In the dialog box that is displayed, enter the user name and password configured on the storage system, as shown in Figure 7-13. Figure 7-13 Connecting to the target on a host through CHAP authentication Updating Favorite Target Information Windows iSCSI Initiator will automatically connect to favorite targets after down links are recovered. However, when CHAP authentication is configured, iSCSI Initiator will not automatically update CHAP authentication information about the favorite targets before automatic target connection. As a result, the automatic target connection may fail. To ensure correct connection to favorite targets, update favorite target information after configuring CHAP authentication. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 49 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 7 Establishing iSCSI Connections Perform the following steps: Step 1 On the Favorite Target tab page of iSCSI Initiator, delete the previously configured target. Step 2 Reconnect to the iSCSI target. Enter the user name and password of CHAP authentication and select Add this connection to the list of Favorite Targets. ----End Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 50 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 8 8 Mapping and Using LUNs Mapping and Using LUNs 8.1 LUN mapping After a storage system is connected to a Windows host, map the storage system LUNs to the host. Two methods are available for mapping LUNs: Mapping LUNs to a host: This method is applicable to scenarios where only one small-scale client is deployed. Mapping LUNs to a host group: This method is applicable to cluster environments or scenarios where multiple clients are deployed. The method for mapping LUNs varies with storage systems. The following describes how to map LUNs of the OceanStor T series storage system and the OceanStor 18000 series enterprise storage system. 8.1.1 OceanStor T Series Storage System Prerequisites RAID groups have been created on the storage system. LUNs have been created on the RAID groups. Procedure This document explains how to map LUNs to a host. Perform the following steps to map LUNs to a host: Step 1 In the ISM navigation tree, choose SAN Services > Mappings >Hosts. Step 2 In the function pane, select the desired host. In the navigation bar, choose Mapping > Add LUN Mapping. The Add LUN Mapping dialog box is displayed. Step 3 Select LUNs that you want to map to the host and click OK. ----End Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 51 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 8 Mapping and Using LUNs CAUTION When mapping LUNs on a storage system to a host, ensure that the host LUN whose ID is 0 is mapped. 8.1.2 OceanStor 18000 Series Enterprise Storage System Prerequisites LUNs, LUN groups, hosts, and host groups have been created on the storage system. Procedure This document explains how to map LUNs to a host. Perform the following steps to map LUNs to a host: Step 1 Go to the Create Mapping View dialog box. Then perform the following steps: 1 On the right navigation bar, click . 2 On the host management page, click Mapping View. 3 Click Create. The Create Mapping View dialog box is displayed. Step 2 Set basic properties for the mapping view. 1 In the Name text box, enter a name for the mapping view. 2 (Optional) In the Description text box, describe the mapping view. Step 3 Add a LUN group to the mapping view. 1 Click . The Select LUN Group dialog box is displayed. If your service requires a new LUN group, click Create to create one. You can select Shows only the LUN groups that do not belong to any mapping view to quickly locate LUN groups. 2 From the LUN group list, select the LUN groups you want to add to the mapping view. 3 Click OK. Step 4 Add a host group to the mapping view. 1 Click . If your service requires a new host group, click Create to create one. Issue (2014-03-29) 2 The Select Host Group dialog box is displayed. 3 From the host group list, select the host group you want to add to the mapping view. 4 Click OK. Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 52 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 8 Mapping and Using LUNs Step 5 (Optional) Add a port group to the mapping view. 1 Select Port Group. 2 Click 3 The Select Port Group dialog box is displayed. . If your service requires a new port group, click Create to create one. 4 From the port group list, select the port group you want to add to the mapping view. 5 Click OK. Step 6 Confirm the creation of the mapping view. 1 Click OK. The Execution Result dialog box is displayed, indicating that the operation succeeded. 2 Click Close. ----End 8.2 Using the Mapped LUNs After the mapped LUNs are detected on a host, you can use the LUNs after scanning for them. For details about how to scan for LUNs, see section 1.3.3 "Disk Management Commands." If you want to create file systems, use the Windows volume management tool. Creating file system is simple and therefore not detailed here. If the host and the storage system are connected over a multi-path network, see chapter 9 "Multipathing Management" to configure the multipathing function. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 53 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 9 9 Multipathing Management Multipathing Management 9.1 Overview Windows supports two pieces of multipathing software: UltraPath and Windows Microsoft Multi-Path IO (MPIO). UltraPath is a Huawei's self-developed software product. For details, see the UltraPath product documentation. MPIO is a framework provided by Microsoft. It allows storage vendors to develop multipathing solutions that contain the hardware-specific information needed to optimize connectivity with the storage systems. MPIO can be used independently. This software helps balance load among multiple paths and implement path selection and failover between storage systems and hosts. The chapter details the functions and configuration of MPIO. 9.2 MPIO Policies MPIO supports six policies: Fail Over Only, Round Robin, Round Robin with Subset (RRWS), Least Queue Depth, Weighed Paths, and Least Blocks. The following details each policy. Fail Over Only This policy does not perform load balancing. This policy uses a single active path, and the rest of the paths are standby paths. The active path is used for sending all I/O. If the active path fails, then one of the standby paths is used. When the failed path is reactivated or reconnected, the standby path that was activated returns to standby. Round Robin This load balancing policy allows the Device Specific Module (DSM) to use all available paths for MPIO in a balanced way. This is the default policy that is chosen when the storage controller follows the active-active model and the management application does not specifically choose a load balancing policy. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 54 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 9 Multipathing Management Round Robin with Subset This load balancing policy allows the application to specify a set of paths to be used in a round robin fashion, and with a set of standby paths. The DSM uses paths from a primary path pool for processing requests as long as at least one of the paths is available. The DSM uses a standby path only when all the primary paths fail. For example, given 4 paths: A, B, C, and D, paths A, B, and C are listed as primary paths and D is the standby path. The DSM chooses a path from A, B, and C in round robin fashion as long as at least one of them is available. If all three paths fail, the DSM uses D, the standby path. If paths A, B, or C become available, the DSM stops using path D and switches to the available paths among A, B, and C. Least Queue Depth This load balancing policy sends I/O down the path with the fewest currently outstanding I/O requests. For example, consider that there is one I/O sent to LUN 1 on Path 1, and the other I/O is sent to LUN 2 on Path 2. The cumulative outstanding I/O on Path 1 is 2, and on Path 2 is 0. Therefore, the next I/O for either LUN will process on Path 2. Weighed Paths This load balancing policy assigns a weight to each path. The weight indicates the relative priority of a given path. The large the number, the lower ranked the priority. The DSM chooses the least-weighted path from among the available paths. Least Blocks This load balancing policy sends I/O down the path with the least number of data blocks currently being processed. For example, consider that there are two I/Os: one is 10 bytes and the other is 20 bytes. Both are in process on Path 1, and both have completed Path 2. The cumulative outstanding amount of I/O on Path 1 is 30 bytes. On Path 2, it is 0. Therefore, the next I/O will process on Path 2. 9.3 Installation and Configuration 9.3.1 Precautions Registry keys related to MPIO may be changed after other software is installed on the host. Before using MPIO, make sure that all MPIO-related registry keys are not changed. Pay special attention to PathVerifyEnabled. You are advised to configure parameters as shown in Figure 9-1. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 55 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 9 Multipathing Management Figure 9-1 Configuring MPIO parameters in the registry To configure the parameter, run CMD command regedit to start Registry Editor, and choose HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE > SYSTEM > CurrentControlSet > Services > mpio > Parameters. CAUTION The MPIO-related registry keys are changed after software that interworks with MPIO is installed. In this case, you need to confirm and restore those registry keys to defaults when using MPIO to manage the mapped LUNs. 9.3.2 Procedure As a built-in service in Windows, MPIO is disabled by default. You need to manually enable it. Moreover, ALUA must be configured on storage systems as required. ALUA policies supported by Huawei storage systems vary. For details, see related product documentation. If there is no special requirement for a storage system that supports ALUA, configure the storage system using the method provided in this document. This document uses OceanStor T series V1 as an example to explain how to configure ALUA. Table 9-1 describes supported Windows operating systems. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 56 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 9 Multipathing Management Table 9-1 Configuring ALUA on the storage system Operating System Storage System Remarks Windows Server 2008 R2 Enabling ALUA See the note. Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 Windows Server 7 Windows Server 8 Windows Server 2012 Windows Server 2008 Windows Server 2008 SP2 1 After ALUA is enabled or disabled on a storage system, Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 SP2 cannot automatically implement optimal path selection. You need to manually select optimal paths. 2 After ALUA is disabled on a storage system, services will be interrupted when mirror links are faulty. You are advised to enable ALUA on an OceanStor T series V1 storage system. This section uses Windows 2008 R2 and the OceanStor T series V1 storage system as examples to explain how to enable ALUA. Step 2 Enable ALUA on the storage system. You can determine whether to enable ALUA when adding an initiator to the host. Choose Yes in Enable ALUA, as shown in Figure 9-2. Figure 9-2 Enabling ALUA Step 3 Add Multipath I/O. Start Serer Manager, choose Feature, and select Multipath I/O, as shown in Figure 9-3. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 57 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 9 Multipathing Management Figure 9-3 Adding Multipath I/O Step 4 Query device VID and PID. VID: indicates the vendor ID, for example, HUAWEI. PID: indicates the product ID, for example, S5500T or S5600T. In Device Management, right-click the SCSI device that you want to add and choose Properties from the shortcut menu. In the dialog box that is displayed, choose Hardware Ids from the Property drop-down list to view VID and PID, as shown in Figure 9-4. Figure 9-4 Viewing VID and PID As shown in the preceding figure, VID is HUASY and PID is S5600T. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 58 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 9 Multipathing Management If MPIO is installed on Windows 2008 or later versions, you can use multipathing command mpclaim to query disk information, as shown in Figure 9-5. Figure 9-5 Querying disk information As shown in the preceding figure, VID is HUAWEI and PID is S2600. CAUTION The PID and VID in this section are examples only. PID and VID are subject to actual conditions. Step 5 Start the MPIO console. Choose Start > Administrator Tools to start the MPIO console, as shown in Figure 9-6. Figure 9-6 Starting the MPIO console Step 6 Add storage devices that you want to manage. In MPIO Device, click Add. If iSCSI Initiator interworks with MPIO, choose Add Support for iSCSI device from the Discover Multi-Paths menu. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 59 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 9 Multipathing Management Figure 9-7 Adding storage devices A VID must be eight bytes long and a PID 16 bytes long. If a VID or PID contains fewer bytes, use spaces as placeholders. Most devices are automatically discovered and are displayed as Others in Discover MultiPaths. You can add the devices by clicking Add. The VID and PID added here are used as examples only. Actual VID and PID prevail. Step 7 Restart the host to for the MPIO configuration to take effect. Step 8 View MPIO policies. Rescan for disks after restarting the host. Ensure that the number of discovered disks is consistent with that of LUNs mapped to the host. Right-click a disk and choose Properties from the shortcut menu. You can view the policies on the MPIO tab page, as shown in Figure 9-8. Figure 9-8 MPIO policy management page Normally, the default MPIO policy is preferred. The default policy varies with operating system configurations. Table 9-2 lists the default policies for commonly used operating systems. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 60 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 9 Multipathing Management Table 9-2 Default MPIO policy Operating System Storage System Default MPIO Policy Windows Server 2008 Edition ALUA enabled Round Robin With Subset ALUA disabled Fail over only ALUA enabled Round Robin With Subset ALUA disabled Round Robin ALUA enabled Round Robin With Subset ALUA disabled Round Robin Windows Server 2008 R2 Windows Server 2012 DC Remarks Step 9 Reset a path state. You need to reset a path state for special scenarios or requirements. For example, if the policy is set to Fail Over Only, only one activate path is allowed. You need to change the state of other paths to standby. In Windows 2008, set the state of the path connected to the owning controller to Active/Optimized and set the state of paths connected to other controllers to Active/Unoptimized. Figure 9-9 shows the path details configuration page. Figure 9-9 Path details configuration page Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 61 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 9 Multipathing Management Windows MPIO allows each LUN to have a maximum of 32 paths. If a LUN has more than 32 paths, the Windows host may display a blue screen. Therefore, when using Windows MPIO to arrange LUN paths, ensure that each LUN has less than 32 paths. If a storage system does not support ALUA, configure the MPIO policy to the one applicable to storage systems with ALUA disabled. Step 10 Save the path state configuration. States of paths to disks are not updated on the MPIO policy configuration page immediately after being changed. You need to click OK to save path state changes on the MPIO policy configuration page and open the page again to check the path states. ----End 9.4 Common Management Commands You can use the following CMD commands to manage MPIO. Table 9-3 lists the commands. Table 9-3 CMD commands for MPIO management Issue (2014-03-29) Function Syntax Views the currently installed features. dism /online /get-features Activates MPIO. dism /online /enable-feature:MultipathIo Deactivates MPIO. dism /online /disable-feature:MultipathIo Views the discovered storage devices. mpclaim -e Uses MPIO to manage Fibre Channel devices. mpclaim.exe -r -i -d <_VendorID> <_ProductID> Disables MPIO from managing Fibre Channel devices. mpclaim.exe -r -u -d <_VendorID> <_ProductID> Uses MPIO to manage iSCSI devices. mpclaim -r -i -d "MSFT2005iSCSIBusType_0x9" Disables MPIO from managing iSCSI devices. mpclaim.exe -r -u -d "MSFT2005iSCSIBusType_0x9" Uses MPIO to manage all storage devices. mpclaim.exe -r -i -a "" Disables MPIO from managing all storage devices. mpclaim.exe -r -u -a "" Views storage devices managed by Microsoft DSM. mpclaim -r Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 62 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 9 Multipathing Management Function Syntax Modifies the load balancing policy. mpclaim.exe –L –M <_num> VendorID must be eight bytes long and ProductID 16 bytes long. If VendorID or ProductID contains fewer bytes, use spaces as placeholders. For details about the meaning of parameter num in the command for modifying the load balancing policy, see Table 9-4. Table 9-4 Meaning of parameter num in the command for modifying the load balancing policy Parameter Definition 0 Clear the Policy 1 Failover Only 2 Round Robin 3 Round Robin with Subset 4 Least Queue Depth 5 Weighted Paths 6 Least Blocks 7 Vendor Specific 9.5 Uninstallation Third-party multipathing software can be installed correctly only after MPIO is uninstalled. When installing third-party multipathing software, you are prompted to uninstall MPIO to avoid software conflict. Perform the following steps to uninstall MPIO: Step 1 Clear all iSCSI devices managed by MPIO. On the MPIO Device tab page, click Remove to delete storage devices, as shown in Figure 9-10. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 63 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 9 Multipathing Management Figure 9-10 Deleting iSCSI devices managed by MPIO It is of great importance to delete devices managed by MPIO before you uninstall MPIO. If devices managed by MPIO are not deleted, third-party multipathing software still cannot be installed correctly or manage storage devices correctly after MPIO is uninstalled. Step 2 In Server Management, choose Remove Features. On Remove Features Wizard that is displayed, deselect Multipath I/O and click Next, as shown in Figure 9-11. Figure 9-11 Deleting Multipath I/O Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 64 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 9 Multipathing Management Step 3 Click Remove and restart the host for the uninstallation to take effect. ----End Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 65 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 10 10 Volume Management Volume Management In Windows, disks are categorized as basic disks and dynamic disks. Only simple volumes can be created on basic disks. Spanned volumes, mirror volumes, striped volumes, and RAID-5 volumes are created on dynamic disks. CAUTION RAID-5 volumes are not supported in desktop operating systems such as Windows XP, Windows 7, and Windows 8. In Windows Server 2008 and later versions, the operating system converts basic disks to dynamic disks when spanned volumes (or other volumes that can only be created on dynamic disks) are created on basic disks. The definitions of the volumes are as follows: Spanned volume A spanned volume is created on a single or multiple disks and combines the disks as a whole. A spanned volume is used to expand volume capacity. Mirror volume A mirror volume is created on two or multiple disks. Member disks in a mirror volume are mirrors to each other. Mirror volumes improve data reliability. Striped volume A striped volume is created on two or multiple disks. Member disks in a striped volume are of the same size and stripped. When data is written onto a striped volume, the data is divided into several parts and the parts are written onto each member disk. Theoretically, striped volumes help improve write performance and expand volume capacity. RAID-5 volume After incorporating a parity disk, a striped volume becomes a RAID-5 volume. Therefore, a RAID-5 volume has all advantages of a striped volume and also ensures data reliability. Windows volume management is simple. You can manage Windows volumes on a graphical user interface (GUI). The following uses Windows 2012 as an example to explain how to create a RAID-5 volume: Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 66 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 10 Volume Management Step 1 After LUNs are mapped to the host, start Computer Management. Right-click Disk Management and choose Rescan Disks from the shortcut menu, as shown in Figure 10-1. Figure 10-1 Rescanning for disks Step 2 The states of the identified LUNs are Unknown and Offline. Right-click a disk and choose Online from the shortcut menu to set the disk online. The state of the disk is changed to Unknown or Not Initialized, as shown in Figure 10-2. Figure 10-2 Setting the identified disks online Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 67 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 10 Volume Management Step 3 Right-click a disk and choose Initialize Disks from the shortcut menu. In the Initialize Disks dialog box is displayed, select the disks that you want to initialize and the partition format. In this example, partition format MBR is selected. Then, the states of the selected disks change to Online, as shown in Figure 10-3. Figure 10-3 Initializing disks Step 4 Right-click a disk and choose New RAID-5 Volume from the shortcut menu. The New RAID-5 Volume dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 10-4. Figure 10-4 New RAID-5 volume dialog box Step 5 Select the disks that you want to add to the RAID-5 volume, specify capacities of the selected disks, and click Next. Select a drive letter for the newly created RAID-5 volume, the file system type for volume formatting, strip size, and fast formatting. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 68 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 10 Volume Management A RAID-5 volume has at least three member disks. After a RAID-5 volume is created, it spends a certain period of time in synchronous verification. The verification time grows with the volume capacity. Fast formatting is recommended. A disk must be formatted after being installed. The operating system creates partitions on a disk only after writing the disk identifier, end-of-sector marker (also called a signature), and MBR or GUID. ----End Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 69 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 11 11 Host High-Availability Host High-Availability 11.1 Overview Earlier Windows versions (such as Windows Server 2003) use Microsoft Cluster Service (MSCS) to provide clustering functions. Windows Server 2008 and later versions use Windows Server Failover Cluster (WSFC). An MSCS cluster is a server group consisting of independent computers. Nodes in the cluster work together as a single system to ensure that key applications and resources are always available to clients. The clustering function enables users and administrators to manage nodes as a whole instead of independent computers. WSFC server clustering software adds new functions on the basis of MSCS. The new functions include the validation wizard and GPT disks. 11.1.1 MSCS An MSCS server cluster contains a maximum of eight nodes, and can be configured as either of the following clusters: – Single-node cluster – Single-quorum device cluster – Multi-node cluster Each cluster node is connected to one or multiple cluster storage devices. In most Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition or Windows Server 2003 Datacenter Edition versions, cluster storage devices can be iSCSI, SAS, parallel SCSI, and Fibre Channel devices. Table 11-1 lists the maximum number of nodes supported by different operating systems. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 70 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 11 Host High-Availability Table 11-1 Maximum number of nodes supported by different storage systems Operating System Storage Type Max. Number of Nodes Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition or Windows Server 2003 Datacenter Edition Parallel SCSI 2 Fiber Channel 8 iSCSI or SAS 8 Version: Windows Server 2003 Windows Server 2003 SP1 Windows Server 2003 R2 Platform: x86 and x64 (non Itanium) Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition or Windows Server 2003 Datacenter Edition Version: Windows Server 2003 Windows Server 2003 SP1 Windows Server 2003 R2 Platform: x86 and x64 (Itanium) Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition or Windows Server 2003 Datacenter Edition Version: Windows Server 2003 SP1 Windows Server 2003 R2 Platform: x86 and x64 (Itanium) 11.1.2 WSFC A WSFC cluster is a group of independent servers that work together to improve the availability of applications and services. WSFC provides infrastructure features that support high-availability and disaster recovery scenarios for hosted server applications. If a cluster node or service fails, the services that were hosted on that node can be automatically or manually transferred to another available node in a process known as failover. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 71 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 11 Host High-Availability The nodes in a WSFC cluster work together to collectively provide the following types of capabilities: Distributed metadata and notifications WSFC service and hosted application metadata is maintained on each node in the cluster. This metadata includes WSFC configuration and status in addition to hosted application settings. Changes to a node's metadata or status are automatically propagated to the other nodes in the cluster. Resource management Individual nodes in the cluster may provide physical resources such as direct-attached storage, network interfaces, and access to share disk storage. Hosted applications register themselves as cluster resources, and may configure startup and health dependencies upon other resources. Health monitoring Inter-node and primary node health detection is accomplished through a combination of heartbeat-style network communication and resource monitoring. The overall health of the cluster is determined by the votes of a quorum of nodes in the cluster. Failover coordination Each resource is configured to be hosted on a primary node, and each can be manually or automatically transferred to one or more secondary nodes. A health-based failover policy controls automatic transfer of resource ownership between nodes. Nodes and hosted applications are notified when failover occurs so that they can react appropriately. Table 11-2 WSFC terms Issue (2014-03-29) Term Description Node A Microsoft Server system that is an active or inactive member of a server cluster. Cluster resource A physical or logical entity that can be owned by a node, brought online and taken offline, moved between nodes, and managed as a cluster object. A cluster resource can be owned by only a single node at any point in time. Resource group A collection of cluster resources managed as a single cluster object. Typically a resource group contains all of the cluster resources that are required to run a specific application or service. Failover and failback always act on resource groups. Resource dependency A resource on which another resource depends. If resource A depends on resource B, then B is a dependency of A. Network name resource A logical server name that is managed as a cluster resource. A network name resource must be used with an IP address resource. Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 72 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 11 Host High-Availability Term Description Preferred owner A node on which a resource group prefers to run. Each resource group is associated with a list of preferred owners sorted in order of preference. During automatic failover, the resource group is moved to the next preferred node in the preferred owner list. Possible owner A secondary node on which a resource can run. Each resource group is associated with a list of possible owners. Resource groups can fail over only to nodes that are listed as possible owners. Quorum mode The quorum configuration in a failover cluster that determines the number of node failures that the cluster can sustain. Forced quorum The process to start the cluster even through only a minority of the elements that are required for quorum are in communication. 11.2 Configuration 11.2.1 MSCS For details, visit: http://technet.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/cc731844%28v=WS.10%29.aspx Huawei also provides MSCS configuration guides. You can obtain the guides from the Huawei customer service center. 11.2.2 WSFC For details, visit: http://technet.microsoft.com/zh-CN/library/cc732035%28v=ws.10%29.aspx Huawei also provides WSFC configuration guides. You can obtain the guides from the Huawei customer service center. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 73 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 12 12 Virtualization Technology Virtualization Technology 12.1 Introduction to Hyper-V Hyper-V is used to create a virtualized server computing environment where multiple hardware resources are utilized to improve computing efficiency. Hyper-V provides the following functions: Virtualization based 64-bit virtual machine (VM) management programs Concurrent running of 32-bit and 64-bit VMs Single-processor and multi-processor VMs VM snapshots: captures the status, data, and hardware configuration of running VMs. You can use VM snapshots to restore VMs to their original states. Large VM memory Virtual local area network (VLAN) Microsoft Management Console (MMC) Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) interfaces that facilitate script compilation and management archiving Hyper-V has the following requirements on server hardware and operating systems: Operating system: 64-bit Windows Server 2008 Standard, Windows Server 2008 Enterprise, Windows Server 2008 Datacenter, and Windows Server 2012 Datacenter CPU: support for Hardware-assisted virtualization (HAV) and hardware-enforced Data Execution Prevention (DEP) functions and with those functions enabled You can configure HAV and hardware-enforced DEP in BIOS. 12.2 Hyper-V Configuration Hyper-V is built in Windows Server 2008 and later versions. It functions correctly only after you manually add the Hyper-V role and complete related configurations. 12.2.1 Adding Hyper-V Perform the following steps to add the Hyper-V role: Step 1 Start Server Manager and choose Role to add the Hyper-V role. Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 74 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows 12 Virtualization Technology Step 2 Select the service network adapter of the host and bind the network adapter as virtual network adapter. Step 3 Confirm the configuration and restart the host for the configuration to take effect. ----End 12.2.2 Creating Hyper-V VMs Creating a Hyper-V VM is similar to creating a new server. During Hyper-V VM creation, you need to configure memories, network adapters, and disks, and name the VM to be created. Note the following when creating Hyper-V VMs: The size of the VM memory cannot exceed that of the server's physical memory. In versions earlier than Hyper-V 3.0, the virtual disk format is VHD. Therefore, the virtual disk capacity cannot exceed 2 TB. In Hyper-V 3.0, the virtual disk format is VHDX and the virtual disk size can be up to 64 TB. For details about how to create Hyper-V VMs, visit: http://technet.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/hh831531.aspx Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 75 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows A A Acronyms and Abbreviations Acronyms and Abbreviations A ALUA Asymmetric Logical Unit Access B BIOS Basic Input Output System C CHAP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol CLI Command Line Interface CPU Central Processing Unit D DNS Domain Name System DSM Device-Specific Module E exFAT Extended File Allocation Table File System F Fibre Channel Fibre Channel FCoE Fibre Channel over Ethernet FAT File Allocation Table Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 76 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows A Acronyms and Abbreviations G GPT GUID Partition Table GUID Globally Unique Identifier H HBA Host Bus Adapter I IP Internet Protocol ISM Integrated Storage Manager iSCSI Internet Small Computer Systems Interface L LAN Local Area Network LUN Logical Unit Number M MBR Master Boot Record MMC Microsoft Management Console MPIO Microsoft Multi-Path IO MSCS Microsoft Cluster Service N NTFS New Technology File System O OS Operating System R level Issue (2014-03-29) Redundant Array of Independent Disks Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 77 HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity Guide for Windows A Acronyms and Abbreviations P PID Product ID S SAN Storage Area Network SAS Serial Attached SCSI SCSI Small Computer System Interface V VHD Virtual Hard Disk VID Vendor ID VG Volume Group VLAN Virtual Local Area Network VSAN Virtual Storage Area Network W WSFC Windows Server Failover Cluster WWN World Wide Name Issue (2014-03-29) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 78