Drive Solutions for the Global Mining Industry

Drive Solutions for the
Global Mining Industry
metals
cranes
mining
testing
oil & gas
solar inverters
utilities
cement
About TMEIC
A Global network
TMEIC is built on the combined and proud heritage
of Toshiba and Mitsubishi-Electric in the industrial
automation, control and drive systems business. TMEIC’s
global business employs more than 2,200 employees,
with sales exceeding U.S. $2.4 billion, and specializes in
Metals, Oil & Gas, Material Handling, Utilities, Cement,
Mining, Paper and other industrial markets.
The factory for the World’s factories
TMEIC delivers high quality advanced systems and products
to factories worldwide, while serving as a global solutions
partner to contribute to the growth of our customers.
Customer Service
At TMEIC, our focus is on the customer, working to
provide superior products and excellent service, delivering
customer success every project, every time.
TMEIC Corporation, headquartered in Roanoke, Virginia,
designs, develops and engineers advanced automation
and variable frequency drive systems.
Variable Frequency Drives in the Mining Industry
Every step of the way, from the mine to the finished
product, variable frequency drives (VFDs) are used to
smoothly start large motors and continuously adjust the
speed as required by the machine or process. Induction
and synchronous motors driving excavators, conveyors,
mills, fans, and pumps use VFDs to provide high power and
speed control, as well as generate significant associated
energy and maintenance savings.
Hoists
Draglines & Shovels
Conveyors
Grinding Mills
Pumps
• Large draglines and shovels require drives to provide
high power to all the motors running the machine with
controlled torque and speed.
• Long conveyors require drives for starting and running,
in particular to provide controlled starting torque to
avoid belt slip, and the ability to adjust speed to match
processing needs.
Page 2 of 24
• The TMdrive®-10/30/50/70 family of drives and TMEIC
motors are also well-suited for mine hoist applications.
• Drives are useful in soft starting large mill motors.
Motor life is extended by eliminating inrush currents.
Low currents at start also benefit the power delivery
system by reducing voltage dips.
© 2011 TMEIC Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
Why Use Electrical Variable Frequency Drives?
Here are some of the reasons to use VFDs in the mining industry:
Increased Reliability
Pages 4, 5, 9
Variable frequency motor-drive systems are more reliable than traditional mechanical approaches such
as using throttling valves, gears, or turbines to control speed and flow. Because electric drives have
no moving parts, they provide very high reliability.
Good Control over Earth Moving Machines
Pages 4, 5, 6
Responsive speed and position control of large machines with mechanical functions such as hoist,
swing, and drag, require powerful variable frequency drives. Long conveyors also require accurate
torque and speed control provided by VFDs.
Significantly Less Maintenance
Pages 8, 19
Mine equipment demands high system availability. Electric variable frequency drive systems have no
moving parts, and are very low maintenance. This is in sharp contrast to speed control devices such
as pumps, valves, gears, and turbines that do require extensive periodic maintenance with associated
downtime.
Soft Starting One or Multiple Mill Motors, and Improved Power Factor
Pages 8, 9
When electric drives soft start large motors, starting inrush current with associated heating and thermal
stress is eliminated. This removes limitations on motor frequency of starts, reduces insulation damage,
and provides extended motor life. With synchronization logic, one drive can soft start multiple motors.
Finally, large variable frequency drives can improve overall system power factor.
Why TMEIC Drives Make Sense
Choose TMEIC, a Global Supplier
Page 18
TMEIC manufactures, sells and services drive systems worldwide, supported by engineering and
service offices in North & South America, Europe, Asia, Japan and Australia.
We’ve got you covered! A Complete Family of Drives
Pages 19
Our family of low and medium voltage (LV and MV) drives covers all your needs from 450 hp up to
12,000 hp (335 kW to 8,950 kW) and beyond, with a wide output voltage range up to 11 kV, and a line
of dc drives and motor generator controls to meet your requirements.
Engineering Expertise
Pages 11
TMEIC drive and motor application engineers bring an average of 25 years of practical industry
experience to your application. After analyzing your system requirements, they can recommend the
most cost effective solution and design the complete drive system for you.
Configuration Software
Pages 19, 20
The world-class software configuration tool is used on all TMEIC drives. Live block diagrams and tune-up
wizards streamline commissioning and maintenance activities.
© 2011 TMEIC Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
Page 3 of 24
Drive Applications for Draglines, Shovels, Conveyors, Mills, and Pumps
AC and DC variable frequency drives are used to control the speed of draglines, conveyors, mills, hoists and pumps
in the mining industry. The following pages describe four typical applications and present the reasons why electrical
drives were chosen.
Application 1. Advanced Control for MG Set Draglines and Shovels
DC-EXX MG Set Control
The DC-EXX is TMEIC’s motor generator control for mining
excavators. This control is a high-performance, innovative,
hardware-software system built on proven technology and
over 50 years of experience.
The system is designed for multiple dc generators and
motors used in large machines. Common-bus dc rectifiers
feed IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors) field exciterregulators, while a single high-speed PLC provides precise
control and enables high excavator productivity.
Overall Motor Generator Set System
• Medium voltage ac power from
the mine trail cable feeds MG
set sync motors and auxiliary
transformer.
• Each synchronous motor MG set
powers multiple dc generators
on a common shaft.
• Diode ac-dc converters on
auxiliary power create two 600
volt common dc busses for
Generator Field dc Bus
Aux ac Supply
Main ac Supply
Sync.
Motor
Diode
Rectifier
MG Set
Gen
Exciter
dc
Gen
Gen
Exciter
Shaft
dc
Gen
To other generators
Motor Field dc Bus
Motor
Exciter
generator and motor fields
Diode
Rectifier
Aux ac Supply
Motor
Exciter
Motor
DC
Motor
dc
Motor
DC-EXX Features
Benefits
Latest Technology
• Common Bus – allows field power sharing
• Low harmonics of diode vs. thyristor converters
• IGBT power switches vs. thyristors
• Replace field circuit dc contactors with thyristor
Improved Performance
• Smaller feed transformers and lower cost
• Less heating & interference, smaller auxiliary transformer
• Faster response, no cell state sensors, fewer devices
• Less maintenance; same field circuit protection & braking
More Control Features
• Drive PLC sets limits, communication, & operation
modes
• PLC master has motion protection and drive settings
• Complete control during LE (Excitation) stop
Improved Control
• Simplified supervisory PLC system & real-time monitoring
• Visible functionality for easier monitoring & maintenance
• Faster motion stop while protecting motors & generators
Superior Design
• Current but proven technology
• Fewer excitation transformers
• Simpler drive internal controls
• Small footprint
• Lower total system cost
Improved Value
• Long product life
• Less space, simpler, lower cost MCC and ac feeds
• Easier troubleshooting and setup
• Better and smaller panel layout and maintenance
• Better value
Page 4 of 24
© 2011 TMEIC Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
Application 1 (continued). Latest Technology for DC MG Set Controls (Dragline Example)
Onboard DL Systems
Maintenance HMI
Operator HMI
Supervisory
PLC
Converter
T1
LE
Touch Screen
Drive
Controller
Profibus
Generator Field DC Bus
H
Absorption
chopper
S
D1
D2
Energy
absorption
resistors
DC-EXX
Chopper
Exciter
(typical)
Field
protective
crowbars
Gen.
Fields
Converter
Motor Field DC Bus
Sync. Motor
Excitation
typical
T2
dv/dt filter
(typical)
Hoist
Swing
Drag
Propel
dv/dt
filter
Motor
Fields
Detailed System Configuration
Ruggedized DC-EXX Modules
Main Components
DC Converter
• Medium voltage ac power from the mine trail cable feeds
MG set synchronous motors and auxiliary transformer.
• 220-440 V ac 3-phase
input
• Each synchronous motor MG set powers multiple dc
generators on a common shaft.
• 300-600 V dc output
• Diode ac-dc converters on auxiliary power create two 600
volt common dc busses for generator and motor fields.
• Exciters use IGBT switches in a dc chopper configuration
to feed filtered, controlled current to dc fields.
• A high-speed drive controller for optimum digging and
machine protection.
• Dragline ac incoming Power Factor is maintained by
synchronous motor exciters fed from the dc motor
common bus.
• Machine supervisory PLC controls and protects excavator
and communicates through operator and maintenance
displays.
• Profibus line to drives used for commands and
monitoring.
• Static switches in the generator and motor fields provide
field protection and controlled emergency stopping.
• 350 or 750 Amp
output capacity
Exciter
• 300 or 600 V dc in, 150, 300 and
600 Amp output, output voltage
to match field requirement.
• Microprocessor controlled IGBT
switches regulate armature
voltage and current.
• Film type internal capacitors for
wide temperature tolerance.
• Receives operating commands
through Profibus input from
drive controller.
© 2011 TMEIC Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
Page 5 of 24
Application 2. AC Drives for Draglines
Input
Reactors
Utility
Supply
TMdrive®P-30
Active
Converter
Supervisory
PLC
TMdrive-30
PWM
Inverter
TMdrive-30
PWM
Inverter
TMdrive-30
PWM
Inverter
TMdrive-30
PWM
Inverter
Drag/Propel
Drag
Hoist
Hoist
Swing
D2
H1
H2
LAN
Operator
Control
Other subsystems
TMdrive-30
PWM
Inverter
Latched D/P
Transfer
D1
Operator HMI
Maintenance
Touch Panel
P1
P2
S1
S2
One-line TMdrive-30 dragline configuration
(Typical lineup – number required depends on dragline configuration)
Main Components
• Incoming power from the mine distribution
system feeds the TM-30 converter via the
onboard transformer.
• For three-level output, the TM-30 converter
powers two, 900 V dc busses that are available
to the entire line-up of the inverters. The PWM
converter is fully regenerative and can provide
leading VARS for voltage stability.
• Each drive inverter is connected to a motor for
performing a particular motion of the dragline.
• The swing drive feeds the two swing motors
(depending on motion HP), while the propel
motion is shared with the drag drive. Hoist
motors are supplied from dedicated drives.
• The number of inverters per converter lineup
depends on the peak and RMS power levels and
required dragline power and reactive power
characteristic needed for mine voltage stability.
• A machine supervisory PLC sends references
to the drive and controls/protects the dragline
while running.
• Two touch-sensitive HMI displays are provided
for easy maintenance, diagnostics and
monitoring.
TMdrive-30 Cabinet line-up
IGBT Three-Level Phase-leg
Assembly
The inverters and IGBT-based
sources have modular threelevel phase leg assemblies. Each
phase leg includes:
• IGBTs with flyback diodes
• Heat pipe assembly
• IGBT gate driver circuit board
• Heavy-duty slides allow easy
access for maintenance
• High-speed fuses
• Communications between the drives and
PLC can be provided via industry high-speed
standard protocol like Profibus-DP™.
Page 6 of 24
© 2011 TMEIC Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
Rack-out module
Application 3. Transporting Ore by Conveyor - Tough Speed and Torque Control
A train transporting ore to a processing plant had become obsolete and unreliable. TMEIC’s solution was to replace the
train with a conveyor to transport the ore. The conveyor was segmented into three pieces: Conveyor 1 lifts the ore to
the surface, Conveyor 2 moves the ore several miles, and Conveyor 3 moves the ore to the processing plant. The longest
segment, Conveyor 2, is detailed below.
Conveyor 2 Design Challenges
Motor Challenges: The system required:
• Motor powers up to 2250 hp with high starting torque
• Wide speed range
Motor Solution: 2.3 kV induction motors with separate
cooling air system supplied by the user.
Drive Challenges: The drives must be:
• Reliable for continuous service
• Energy efficient
• Low maintenance
Drive Solution: TMEIC ac drives for 2300 volt operation,
with 3-level PWM inverters and 18-pulse rectifiers.
Control Challenges: The system required:
• Precise torque for belt tension control
• Head to tail tension coordination
• Variable speed operation of any motor.
Control Solution: An Innovation Series controller for
torque programming.
Typical overland conveyor
The Longest Conveyor Segment
Four large drives and induction motors totaling 9,000 hp
move the longest conveyor segment. High altitude required
drive derating and attention to cooling. As shown below,
the grade varies from 1% up to 5%.
Elev.
9,500 ft.
Conveyor 2
riable
E = Va
GRAD
5% to
1%
2,400 ft.
Elev.
7,100 ft.
Conveyor 2
Plan View
Head end equipment
house @9500 feet AMSL
AC Motor
2.3 kV
1,000 or
2,250 hp
2140 kVA
13,800/2400 V
AC Drive
2300V 3 level
Benefits of ac Drive System
Very reliable system. Replacing the train
with the conveyor and variable frequency
drive system resulted in:
• High reliability
• Reduction in maintenance & down time
Variable speed brings benefits. Conveyor
speed control resulted in several benefits:
• Energy savings
• Reduced friction
• Reduced belt wear
AC Pulse Width Modulated Drive System
13.8 kV
Power Challenges: The system required long power
feeds, and needed to avoid capacitance-created
resonance at high order harmonics.
Power Solution: The power system employs:
• 3-level inverters with IEEE 519 compliant, 18-pulse
converters
• High frequency filters to eliminate cable resonance at
19th harmonic
M
Technical risks avoided. Careful design
avoided failure potentials such as slippage
and stretch of the miles-long total belt
length driven by 9,000 hp at the head end
(four motors of 2,250 hp each).
© 2011 TMEIC Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
Page 7 of 24
Application 4. Grinding Mill Motors
Customer installations at this plant use variable frequency drives for a number of applications. Four motors ranging
from 250 to 2,400 hp are driven by TMEIC medium voltage drives. There are three large mill motors, each one requiring a
medium voltage motor of 4,000 hp size.
The customer had several requirements when selecting
the three large mill motors, associated drives and
controls, including:
• Ability to soft start any of the motors from any drive
and reduce the impact on the power system.
• Ability to synchronize the motors with the utility supply
and run some or all of the motors on the utility supply
at constant speed.
• Ability to run one motor at variable frequency to allow
grinding process optimization.
• Use synchronous motors, because they can supply
leading VARs to the power supply system to help
correct poor plant power factor.
After reviewing alternatives, the customer decided to
install a medium voltage Load Commutated Inverter (LCI)
to individually soft start the three mill motors.
Benefits of Variable Speed Drive and Synchronous Motors
Cost savings. The customer’s analysis indicated excellent savings by using synchronous motors because
they correct the power factor for the whole plant, and they have a high efficiency. In this location the utility
charges users a penalty for low power factor operation.
High reliability. The medium voltage LCI has a proven history of high reliability over the past 20 years:
• N+1 SCR redundancy allows continued operation even if a SCR fails
• Water cooled power modules
• SCRs can be changed without opening the cooling circuit
• The MTBF based on plant operation is over 15 years
Smooth motor starting. The drive controls the rotor field (through the exciter) and the stator current to
provide a smooth starting profile without exceeding rated volts and amps, thereby protecting the motor
against overheating. Controlling the motor current is also important where power system grids are weak
or the plant is at the end of a long transmission line. In addition to starting, the drive provides smooth
motor synchronizing with the supply.
Page 8 of 24
© 2011 TMEIC Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
Application 4 (continued). Multiplexing a Drive to Start and Control Three Large Mill Motors
Starting
Drive
34.5 KV
MV
Drive
4160 V
Isolation
Contactor
Starting
Contactors
Mill
Motors
Motor
Exciters
IC1
ST1
MTR1
M1
ST2
ST3
M3
Run Breakers
EX1
Excitation
Voltage
Controller
EX2
Excitation
Voltage
Controller
EX3
Excitation
Voltage
Controller
MTR2
MTR3
One-line for multi-motor start by a VFD
Shared Drive Starting System is Cost Effective
All three grinding mills are driven by synchronous
motors of identical ratings. One drive can start any of
the three motors in any desired sequence as shown by
the blue lines in the figure above. Once the synchronous
motor is started, the drive synchronizes the motor with
the supply to operate directly across the line.
Synchronous Transfer
The drive is responsible for the actual phase and voltage
matching for the final transfer of the motor to utility
operation. This transition is coordinated to within a few
milliseconds that eliminate damaging torques or loss of
motor synchronization.
As soon as the first mill motor is started and bypassed
to the line, the drive is available to start the second mill.
The same process is repeated to make the drive available
for starting the third mill.
Soft Starting
The drive keeps the motor starting currents below full
load amps at all times. Starting the motor across the line
without the drive, the starting inrush current is six times
full current. Using the drive, motor stress is significantly
reduced and motor life is extended.
All three mills can operate directly across the line, or one
can remain connected to the drive for variable frequency
operation if required. Because of the sharing, this system
minimizes the customer’s capital cost.
© 2011 TMEIC Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
Page 9 of 24
Application 5. Slip Power Recovery Drive System for Grinding Mill
This ore processing facility in Papua New Guinea can process up to 4.7 million tons of ore per year. The variable frequency
drive application is a dual-pinion SAG mill driven by two 5,000 kW wound rotor induction motors (WRIM). Two TMdrive10SPRs control motor speed by recovering rotor current and returning the power to the utility supply. Configured in a
twin motor arrangement, the motors share load in the tandem mill.
The Customer Need
Reliability, power dependency and logistics were a challenge for this project. Limited access to the mine’s remote location
required power recovery and stellar reliability in its operations.
Grinding Mill Design Challenges
Motors: Two, 5,000 kW Wound Rotor Induction Motors
• Twin motor application
• One motor provides speed control, one provides torque
control
• Motors share the load in the tandem mill
Drive Challenges: The drives must be:
• Reliable for continuous service
• Energy efficient and Low maintenance
Drive Solution: TMdrive-10 SPR drive for each motor
• Two, 690 VAC TMdrive-10SPR line-ups with 1800 frame
converters and inverters
• Drive power level is only 750 kW
Control Challenges: The system required:
• Speed range 85% - 110% rated speed
• Variable speed operation of motors
Control Solution: 1800 frame Toshiba V Series PLCs
SAG Mill and Motor
Power Challenges:
Power Solution: Slip Power Recovery.
• TMdrive-10SPR Slip Power Recovery drives
• Continuously recovers an estimated 770 kW
Benefits of Slip Power Recovery Drive
Very reliable system. Standard low voltage drive hardware, with a proven track record for performance and
reliability.
• High reliability is suitable for the remote location
• Reduction in maintenance and down time
• Inherent fault tolerance - a failure of the SPR drive will not prevent the motor’s operation
Energy efficient
• The SPR drive offers high overall system efficiency, thus saving energy and lowering operating costs
• Can perform additional VAR compensation utilizing extra capacity in the converters
Latest Drive Technology
• Modern drive control provides the latest drive communications, operating accuracy, and diagnostics
• Standard TMEIC low voltage drive hardware is applied for use as a wound rotor motor drive
• The TMdrive-10 drive hardware requires no modifications in the slip power recovery drive application
Precise control of wound rotor motor while conserving energy
• Soft starts the mill motors
• Drives control motor torque (rotor current) directly; motors do not have to increase slip (slow down) to
increase torque, providing faster control response than Liquid Rheostat Control
• Slip power is recovered and fed back to power system, saving energy
Page 10 of 24
© 2011 TMEIC Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
Application 5 (continued). Slip Power Recovery Drive System for Grinding Mill
SAG Mill Operator’s Screen (HMI)
The SAG mill operator’s control screen shown
illustrates the two wound rotor motors M1 and
M2. Liquid rheostat starters on the right are
switched in before starting and switched out
when the motor reaches SPR regulating speed.
Recovered slip power from the rotor flows to the
left through the slip power recovery drives and
out through the transformers to the supply.
Motor speeds up to 110% of synchronous speed
are possible, if torque and horse power limitations
are observed.
Electric power savings using Slip Power Recovery
are considerable. An example calculation is
shown on the next page.
Utility Interface
Transformer
Slip Power recovery
at normal speeds
Motor Stator
PWM Rotor
Converter
Utility
Supply
PWM Source
Converter
TMdrive-10SPR
Brushes and
Slip Rings
Wound Rotor
Induction Motor
Liquid
Rheostat
Starting duty rated
One-line of SPR operation
SPR Operation
The TMdrive-10SPR takes power out of the rotor to reduce the motor speed. At reduced speeds, power flows out of the
rotor through the SPR to the transformer and back into the supply, instead of being dissipated in the rheostat.
The SPR provides the highest efficiency VFD configuration because only a fraction of the motor power goes through the
drive, in this case only 750 kW, out of 5,000 kW motor power. During startup the rheostat is connected to the rotor and the
SPR is disconnected. Once up to minimum speed, the SPR drive is connected and the rheostat disconnected. The motor
speed is then controlled by the SPR.
© 2011 TMEIC Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
Page 11 of 24
Calculating Recovered Energy Savings
P1 Utility 3-phase
supply power
flow
Wound Rotor
Induction Motor
P1 Utility 3-phase
supply power
flow
P5 Slip Power
recovery flow
TMdrive-10SPR
Low Voltage
Drive
Transformer
P2 Utility Power flow
to motor stator
Wound Rotor
Induction Motor
P4 Power flow to Rheostat
P4 Power flow
to SPR drive
Rheostat
Starting and
Speed Control
Rheostat
Starting Duty Rated
P2 Power flow
to motor stator
P3 Motor shaft
power flow
P3 Motor shaft
power flow
Grinding
Mill load
Grinding
Mill load
Wound Rotor Induction Motor
with Slip Power Recovery
Wound Rotor Induction Motor
with Starting Rheostat
Comparison of Wound Rotor Induction Motor Control Systems
Calculations for the energy savings with the SPR drive are shown below. Note that the slip power varies with the slip
speed (synchronous speed minus the actual motor speed).
Calculation of Savings with Slip Power Recovery Drive
Energy Efficiency
Basic Equations
Energy efficiency of the components are estimated
as follows:
• SPR drive efficiency = 0.97
• Transformer efficiency = 0.99
• Motor efficiency = 0.95
• Slip power from the rotor (est.), P4:
Full Load x Slip % = 373 kW
For the slip power recovery case above, the basic energy flow
equations are:
• P1 = Motor Power - Recovered Power
= P2-P5 where
• P2 = P3 + Motor Losses + Rotor Power
= P3/(Motor Efficiency) + P4
• P5 = P4 x Drive Efficiency x Transformer Efficiency
Operating Conditions
Mill Load at Full Speed, shaft kW
Mill load at 90% speed, shaft kW
Power flow from Slip Rings (est.)
Power flow to motor (95) efficient)
Slip power recovery after transformer
Utility supply power flow
Power
Flow
–
P3
P4
P2
P5
P1
Difference in utility power used
P1(WRM) - P1(SPR)
WRM with Slip Power Recovery
Drive
3730 kW (5,000 hp)
3357 kW (assume linear)
373 kW (to rheostat)
3906 kW
0 kW
3906 kW
3730 kW
3357 kW
373 kW
3906 kW
358 kW
3548 kW
358 kW
SPR System Annual Savings with 7¢ electrical power
Page 12 of 24
Wound Rotor Motor (WRM)
with Rheostat
$200,480 per year (8000 hours)
© 2011 TMEIC Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
(5,000 hp)
(to SPR drive)
Project Engineering
General Industries Team
Experienced Drive Engineering Team
The drive engineering team’s experience
in the mining industry was gained through
years of working in mines with technicians
and mechanical suppliers. This engineering
background, coupled with state-of-the-art
technology, enables TMEIC to consistently
meet the very demanding requirements of
the industry.
Experienced drive engineers jointly define
the drive equipment and control strategy
with your engineers and the OEM. This is
followed by detailed design of the system,
control logic, and configuration of the drives.
Local Commissioning Team Ensures
Knowledgeable Ongoing Service
Our globally-based field organization has
extensive experience in the industry providing
you with a strong service presence for startup
and ongoing service work.
Project Life Cycle Process Minimizes Risk
Project Life Cycle Process
The Project Teams
Customer Team
Technical
Proposal
Specification
Detailed Hardware
& Software Design
& Component
Procurement
Factory
Acceptance
Test
System
Commissioning
System
Maintenance
and Service
Field Team
Factory Team
Training Team
We understand that delay in your equipment
commissioning is very expensive, so we take steps
to hold our startup schedule. Our project engineering
is based on the Project Life Cycle Process illustrated
above and described in the following pages.
• Project management provides a single point of
contact from initial order to final commissioning.
• Complete factory tests are conducted including applying
power to the drive bridges and exercising the control system
using motor and load simulators.
• The local commissioning engineers are included in the
project team, allowing a seamless transition from the factory
to your mine.
© 2011 TMEIC Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
Page 13 of 24
The Medium Voltage VFD System
TMEIC application engineers consider the system from the medium voltage switchgear to the adjustable speed drive and
motor, sizing and selecting required equipment for the optimal drive solution. A typical MV VFD system is shown below.
Instrumentation for equipment
metering, monitoring, protection
and control is selected:
- Amp transducer and ammeter
- Watt and Watt-hr transducers
- Phase CTs and phase
overcurrent relay
- Ground sensor CT and relay
- Power quality monitor
Selection of optional drive associated equipment
- Heat exchangers if required
- Air conditioned equipment house if required
- Switchgear if motor is to be synchronized with the
line
- PLC for logic control
- Reactor for use with an LCI
Selection of the motor
- Induction, synchronous, wound rotor
or dc motor
- Motor specs including power,
torque, voltage, current, and speed
- Selection of exciter for sync motor
- Required motor protection devices
- Optional tachometer
- Optional Torsional analysis
Drive Isolation
Transformer
M
Substation
Transformer
Adjustable speed
Drive
Distribution Voltages
Load
Motor
Drive Utilization Voltage
Breaker
MV Switchgear is selected for the
application considering:
- The type, such as vacuum or SF6
- The size for the current and voltage
- The CTs, PTs, and protective relays
to operate the breaker
- The enclosure for outdoor or indoor
- The environment, such as
temperature and humidity
Page 14 of 24
Drive Isolation transformers, input and
output, are selected for the application
considering:
- The type, such as dry or liquid filled
- Size for the kVA and voltage
- Cooling, if required
- The enclosure for outdoor or indoor
- The environment, such as
temperature and humidity
© 2011 TMEIC Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
Selection of the best adjustable speed
drive for the application:
- Continuous and overload torque
and power requirements
- Type of load, including constant or
variable torque, regenerative
- Drive and motor voltage
- Power system compatibility
- Overall efficiency of the ASD and
motor combination
- Harmonic analysis
Project Planning and Specification
During all phases of your project
planning, TMEIC assists you by
supplying information, training, guideform specifications, and general
advice. Experienced drive application
engineers prepare a technical proposal
that includes:
Utility Voltage Bus
PLC Coordination
& Interface
DB5i MV Unit A
Sync Ready
DB5i MV Unit B
Sync Ready
• Customized system architecture for
your project.
3-phase
3-phase
Contactor
Mtr 1
VFD Bus
Mtr 2
1 CPT
2 PTs
Mtr 3
Bypass Bus
CT-1
CT-4
CT-5
• Detailed equipment specifications
for the drives, motors, exciters,
transformers, switchgear, and
housings.
• Thorough description of the PLC and
other control functions.
• Formal bid documentation.
Detailed Hardware/Software Design
and Procurement
Based on the proposal specification, the project
engineering team proceeds with four main tasks:
• Control Software Design.
Control engineers
configure the drives and PLC controller logic, if a PLC
is required for the application. The illustration shows
a typical toolbox logic function diagram in Relay
Ladder Diagram format. The software tool is used for
drive configuration, tuning, sequencing, and drive
diagnostics.
• Optional HMI Screen Design. Interface screens for
maintenance and drive control can be configured.
For example, the configurable keypad shown here
provides real-time drive data and operator interaction.
• Hardware Design. All equipment is specified to meet
the project requirements, and a complete set of
elementary diagrams, layout, and outline drawings is
created.
• Component Procurement. We work with our parent
and partner suppliers to source the most cost effective
system components for your application.
Electrical prints
Drive
configuration
Keypad
configuration
© 2011 TMEIC Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
Page 15 of 24
Drive and System Test
Understanding the importance of a
thorough drive and system test, the TMEIC
engineering team conducts factory tests
before shipment. Drive tests in the factory
typically include:
Dura-Bilt5i MV
Drive Testing
• Full voltage and current check of power
cells, insulation, and control circuits.
• Acceleration and run test with unloaded
motor.
• Full current test into a reactor (ac drives).
• Validation of all I/O interfaces.
Software tool for Drive and
Logic Configuration
Control System Test
Digital Motor
Simulator
Factory validation of the drive
control system is available as
an option.
Digital Load
Simulator
M
Optional PLC with Logic, for
example, to soft-start multiple
motors.
PLC
Load
Drive Simulator Software
CPU
• Validation of the drive test modes and
any special logic, or optional PLC using
motor and load simulator.
Drive Control
Logic Control
Operator’s Keypad
I/O Interface
LAN Interface
Local Area Network to dcS
Drive Microprocessor Controller
System Commissioning
In the commissioning phase, theTMEIC team includes the field engineers
you know and trust, alongside the engineer who designed and tested
the system. This overlap of teams between engineering design and the
site ensures a smooth and on-schedule startup.
The TMEIC service engineer, who is responsible for startup and
commissioning, and for any future service required at the site, is part of
the project team and participates in the factory system test to become
familiar with the system. Commissioning is supported by TMEIC design
and service engineers.
Complete & Detailed System Documentation
Along with the hardware and software, TMEIC delivers complete system
documentation:
• An electronic instruction book with all the prints on CD with a hyperlink
index;
• Recommended wiring and grounding procedures;
• Renewal parts list; and
• Standard third-party vendor documentation.
• Validation of the drive test modes and any special logic, or optional PLC
using motor & load simulator.
Page 16 of 24
© 2011 TMEIC Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
Service and Training
Global Customer Support Network
Comprehensive technical service is provided by our Customer Support Organization, staffed by TMEIC service engineers
with offices and spare parts depots across the globe.
In North and South America
Customers are supported by the TMEIC Corporation
service personnel, design engineers and Spare Parts
Depot in Virginia, and the TMEIC Factory in Japan.
In Europe
TMEIC service engineers service all drive systems in
Europe, supported by the European TMEIC Spare Parts
Depot.
In Asia and the Pacific Rim
TMEIC services drive systems throughout China, India and
the Pacific Rim, supported by multiple Field Engineers,
Spare Parts Depots, and the TMEIC factory in Japan.
Remote Drive Diagnostics
TMEIC Corporation supports drive customers through the
Remote Connectivity Module (RCM), a remote diagnostic
service link with the TMEIC design and service engineers in
Roanoke, Virginia. The RCM enables seamless integration
between your drives and our engineers.
Remote System Diagnostics
TMEIC’s remote system diagnostics tool, included in level
1 software, offers a quick path to problem resolution.
System faults are automatically identified, and provide
an integrated view of product, process and system
information. TMEIC design and service engineers in
Roanoke, Virginia, can analyze the data and provide steps
for resolution.
For Service or Parts, call
1-877-280-1835
INTERNATIONAL:
+1-540-283-2010
24 Hours / 7 days
Drive Training at our Training Center or in Your Facility
Customer engineers, maintenance and operations personnel
are trained on the drives and control system at the TMEIC
Training Center in Virginia. This world-class facility features
large classrooms and fully-equipped training labs.
Classroom and hands-on training consists of 50% class time
and 50% hands-on lab time. Topics include:
•
Overview of the drive system
•
Function of the main assemblies
•
Technical details of the components
•
Drive and control system tools
•
System diagnostics and service
As an alternative to the standard factory training in Virginia,
TMEIC can offer a course tailored to your project and held at your
location. In this case, a project engineer trains your operators,
maintenance technicians and engineers in your facility.
© 2011 TMEIC Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
Page 17 of 24
A Family of Drives up to 11 kV
TMdrive-DC
TMdrive-10e2
TMdrive-70
TMdrive-30
TMdrive-10SPR
Dura-Bilt5i MV
TMdrive-MVG
TMdrive-XL55
Power Ratings
TMdrive-XL55
6.6 kV
3.3 - 11 kV
TMdrive-MVG
3.3
TMdrive-50/70/80
Dura-Bilt 5i MV
2.3 & 4.6 kV
LCI
(MV motor with LV Slip Power Recovery drive)
TMdrive-10SPR
TMdrive-30
1200 V
AC Low Voltage
280-690 V AC
TMdrive-MVG
DC EXX
DC Armature
230 to 1200 V DC
MG Set
Control
20
27
TM-DC
40
54
100
134
200
268
300
402
400
536
1,000
1,340
2,000
2,682
4,000
5,364
10,000
13,400
20,000
26,820
kW
Hp
TMEIC’s Family of AC and DC System Drives
Over 50 years of Drive Experience. Starting with dc
drives, we later introduced ac drives, such as the the new
technology Tosvert, Dura-Bilt 5i MV, and TMdrives. Since
1979 over 2 million hp of TMEIC ac drives have been
installed and are in service, representing the largest
installed base of MV drives of any manufacturer.
AC drive Voltages up to 11 kV. The family of ac drives
offers voltages from 380 V with the TMdrive-10 up to
11kV with the TMdrive-MVG. The dc drive family covers
230 to 1200 vdc
The Highest Reliability. TMEIC drives provide the highest
reliability based on field experience and customer
satisfaction survey results.
Configuration Software. The TMdrive Navigator worldclass configuration software is used on all TMEIC drives.
Live block diagrams and tune-up wizards streamline
commissioning and maintenance activities.
Spare Parts Stock. TMEIC’s parts depots stock the line of
LV and MV drive parts to provide rapid delivery to your
facility anywhere in the world.
Significant Investment in Drive Technology. TMEIC’s
Dura-Bilt and TMdrive products represent a large
investment in LV and MV drive technology, including
development of semiconductor devices such as the IEGT
and GCT.
Page 18 of 24
© 2011 TMEIC Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
TMdrive®-10 Low Voltage System Drive
The TMdrive-10 family of low voltage ac system drives has an
integral dc bus structure with a wide variety of inverters (dc to ac)
and converters (ac to dc) to match diverse needs. There are four
voltage levels – 440, 460, 575, and 690 V ac.
Volts
575/690 AC
440/460 AC
50
67
100
134
200
268
1000
1,340
2000 kW
2680 Hp
Converter power level ranges are:
• Non-regenerative, 150 kW – 3600 kW
• Regenerative, 100 kW – 1417 kW
Inverter power level ranges are:
• With dc disconnects, 3.1 kW – 1182 kW
• Without dc disconnects, 141 kW – 1454 kW
Draw-out Inverter trays stack eight to a 32-inch wide cabinet. The
power level ranges are:
• Single high trays, 3.1 kW – 63 kW
• Double high trays, 101 kW – 106 kW
Inverter power bridges use Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBT).
The type of modulation is two-level voltage using pulse width
modulation (PWM).
TMdrive®-10SPR Slip Power Recovery for Wound Rotor Motors
The Slip Power Recovery (SPR) version of the TMdrive-10 provides speed control of a wound rotor motor and efficient
recovery of slip power from the rotor. This is discussed in Application 4 on page 10. Features of the SPR include:
-
Significant energy savings and low cost of ownership
The highest efficiency adjustable speed drive
Pulse width modulated converter
Reliability
- High power factor operation
- High MV Motor: for wound rotor motors, from
pulse width modulated converter 1,000 – 10,000 hp
Speed Range: depends on rotor
voltage; super synchronous speed
operation is available
I/O, LAN Interface, & Cabinet Size:
same as TMdrive-10.
Slip Power recovery
at normal speeds
Power Flow at
normal speeds
Utility
Supply
SPR Operation
The TMdrive-10SPR takes power out of
the rotor to reduce the motor speed. At
reduced speeds, power flows out of the
rotor through the SPR to the transformer
and back into the supply, instead of
being dissipated in the rheostat.
The SPR is the highest efficiency VFD
because only a fraction of the motor
power goes through the drive. During
startup the rheostat is connected to
the rotor and the SPR is disconnected.
Once up to minimum speed, the SPR
drive is connected and the rheostat
disconnected. The motor speed is then
controlled by the SPR.
Utility Interface
Transformer
Motor Stator
PWM Rotor
Converter
PWM Source
Converter
TMdrive-10SPR
Brushes and
Slip Rings
Wound Rotor
Induction Motor
Rheostat
Starting duty rated
© 2011 TMEIC Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
Page 19 of 24
Dura-Bilt5i MV™ Medium Voltage System Drive
The Dura-Bilt5i MV delivers simple operation in a robust
and compact design, providing a cost effective solution for
a broad range of medium voltage applications.
V o lts
4,160
3,300
2,300
200
268
400
536
1,000
1,340
4,000
5,364
The Dura-Bilt5i MV delivers value through low cost of
ownership and high reliability. Dual drive configurations
are possible; power levels available include:
• 2000 Series – 2,300 Volts Out, 200 to 3,000 hp
• 3000 Series – 3,300 Volts Out, 300 to 4,000 hp
• 4000 Series – 4,160 Volts Out, 400 to 10,000 hp
• 4000 MTX Series - 4160 Volts Out, NEMA 3R Outdoor
enclosure for 0 to 50° C ambient
10,000 Hp
7,457 kW
Rugged design features for high reliability include:
• Inverter heat pipe cooling for largest size
• Diode rectifier converter with 24-pulse circuit for low
input current distortion
• Neutral point clamped pulse width modulated inverter
using medium voltage IGBTs
Cabinet Size:
900 hp drive is 74 in. (1,880 mm) long
6,000 hp drive is 222 in. (5,639 mm) long
Cabinet height is 104 in. (2,642 mm)
Integral Transformer: Copper wound transformer with
electrostatic shield, rated for 115° C rise.
Operator Keypad: Keypad provides real time drive data
and manual control of drive.
DC Bus Capacitors: Bus capacitors are oil-filled for long life.
Synchronization: Closed transfer synchronizing control.
Access: Roll out inverter phase leg assemblies.
Motors:
Drive works with an induction motor or
synchronous motor.
Page 20 of 24
Features
Benefits
Medium voltage IGBTs
Each inverter uses 3,300 Volt Insulated Gate
Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs).
Rock-solid reliability
High power IGBTs allow a simpler, more reliable
inverter design with fewer power switches.
24-pulse converter
Each phase leg of the converter includes a
24-pulse diode rectifier.
Power system friendly
The converter produces lessTotal Harmonic Distortion
(THD) than the IEEE 519-1992 specification, without
requiring filters.
Heat pipe cooling technology
Each of the three inverter legs use heat pipe
cooling for the IGBTs.
Compact Quiet Design
The heat pipe cooling system maintains good semiconductor working temperature, reduces fan noise,
and saves valuable floor space in your plant.
Windows-Based configuration and
maintenance tool
• Animated block diagrams
• Drive tune up wizards
• Integrated trend window
Faster commissioning and maintenance
This world-class software tool improves productivity
in commissioning and maintenance and can be used
on all TMEIC drive products.
© 2011 TMEIC Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
TMdrive®-MVG
up to 11.0 kV
The TMdrive-MVG is a medium voltage, ac fed drive designed
for high efficiency and motor-friendly operation in a broad range
of industrial applications.
Volts
11,000 AC
High reliability, low harmonic distortion, and high power factor
operation are designed into the MV drive. Modular drawable
cell inverters minimize the time required for any maintenance
activities.
10,000 AC
6,000 AC
3,000 AC
The TMdrive-MVG is available in these voltage classes:
100
200
1000
4000
3.3 kV Voltage class: 3,000 – 3,300 V ac
10000 kW
6.6 kV Voltage class: 6,000 – 6,600 V ac
10.0 kV Voltage class: 10,000 V ac
11.0 kV Voltage class: 11,000 V ac
Five Cabinet Sizes are available for each class, some examples:
3.3 kV:
200-400 kVA, 83 in wide, 106 in. high, 36 in. deep
2400-3000 kVA, 182 in wide, 114 in. high, 52 in. deep
6.6 kV:
400-800 kVA, 126 in wide, 106 in. high, 36 in. deep
4800-6000 kVA, 248 in wide, 114 in. high, 56 in. deep
Features
A clean wave input converter
Using the multiple winding input transformer,
the TMdrive-MVG has a multi-pulse rectification
and more than meets the requirements of IEEE519 (1992). This reduces the harmonic voltage
distortion on the power source and protects the
other equipment in the plant.
A clean output wave
As a result of the multilevel PWM control, the
output waveform is close to a sine wave, and
the heat loss caused by harmonics is negligible.
In addition, harmonic currents in the motor are
minimized so there is negligible torque ripple on
the output shaft and very little risk of torsional
load resonance.
A higher efficiency than conventional drives
Actual factory load tests show the drive efficiency
is approximately 97% (design efficiency is
approximately 97% design value). This high
efficiency is a result of:
• Lowest number of switching semiconductors
by using 1700 V IGBTs.
TMdrive-MV (3 kV class)
.
Power supply
three-phase
50/60 Hz
Input transformer,
phase shifted
secondary windings
for Low harmonic
power system impact
Series
connected
inverter cells
DC-bus
capacitor
M
. . .
• Lower switching frequencies using multilevel
PWM control reduce the switching loss of each
IGBT.
• Direct connection of 6 kV motor without an
output transformer.
Inverter Cell Module
Removed from rack
.
. .
.
.
. .
.
Diode
rectifier
.
Single phase
inverter
Inverter Cell Module
© 2011 TMEIC Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
Page 21 of 24
TMdrive®-XL55 Medium Voltage Drive
The TMdrive-XL55 is a general-purpose, medium voltage,
variable-frequency ac drive for industrial power ratings up to 16
MVA. Featuring high-quality Japanese design and manufacture,
high reliability, low harmonic distortion, and high power factor
operation are designed into the drive.
V o lts
6 ,6 0 0
1 ,0 0 0
1,3 4 0
100
134
4 ,0 0 0
5 ,3 6 4
1 0,0 0 0
1 3,4 0 0
2 0 ,0 0 0
2 6 ,8 2 0
kW
Hp
Benefits of the TMdrive-XL55 include:
• Highly reliable operation and expected 87,000 hour (10-year)
drive MTBF, based on field experience with over 700 medium
voltage drive installations.
• Considerable energy savings, in particular on flow control
applications - efficiency approximately 98.6%
• Diode rectifier ensures power factor greater than 95% in
speed control range - capacitors not required for power factor
correction
• Motor-friendly waveform from the multiple level drive output
waveform is suitable for standard motors
• Synchronous transfer to line option with no interruption to
motor current
- Allows control of multiple motors with one drive
- No motor current or torque transients when the motor
transitions to the ac line
• Remote input isolation transformer
- Less power loss in drive room
- Less total space required
- Simplified design and installation
The TMdrive-XL55 is available
for 6.0 – 6.6 kV voltage class.
TMdrive®-30 Medium Voltage Drives
The TMdrive-30 is a medium voltage, dc-fed system drive for
high power applications. The drive is available in two voltage
levels – 1100 V and 1250 V ac.
V o lts
1,200
200
268
400
536
1,000
1,340
4,000
5,364
10,000 Hp
7,457 kW
Benefits of the TMdrive-30 include:
Converter power level ranges are:
- Non-regenerative, 3300 kW
- Regenerative (Thyristor), 3300 – 6000 kW
- Regenerative (IGBT), 1733 – 3465 kW
Inverter power level ranges:
• IGBT, 2000 – 4000 kVA
• Common dc bus circulates motoring and regen power on the
drive dc bus for optimum use of conversion equipment and
power factor control.
• TMdrive-30’s ruggedized design enables application in
demanding environments like draglines and is suited for cyclic
loads.
• Rack out power modules facilitate fast inspection and
maintenance.
Page 22 of 24
© 2011 TMEIC Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
TMdrive®-50 Medium Voltage Drives
The TMdrive-50 is designed for high-power applications
High-power, precision-controlled processes are ideally suited for the
TMdrive-50 with its efficient high current IGBT power devices and control
cards common to the drive family. Flexible arrangement of converter,
inverter and cooling units allows for maximum power density, resulting
in minimum floor space and installation cost.
V o lts
3,300
100
134
1 ,0 0 0
1,3 4 0
4 ,0 0 0
5 ,3 6 4
1 0,0 0 0
1 3,4 0 0
kW
Hp
3,000 – 6,000 Frame: 3,300 Volts out, motor power 2,000 – 6,000 hp
Cabinet Size: 79 inches (2,000 mm) long, 94 inches (2388 mm) high.
Design features for high reliability:
• Water cooling technology for the power bridge reduces footprint
• Medium Voltage Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) provides
power at unity power factor and low harmonics
• Modular Design for power bridges minimizes maintenance time
• Control signal is voltage, not current. IGBT requires very low power to
switch.
• High switching speeds less than 2 μ second - low switching losses and
accurate control
• Simple switching circuitry - gate driver hardware is compact.
TMdrive®-70 Medium Voltage Drives
The TMdirve-70 is designed for high-power applications
High reliability, design simplicity and high efficiency, the TMdrive-70
is perfect for compressor, fan and pumping applications. It provides
accurate speed control and high efficiency while eliminating the need
for high maintenance mechanical flow control devices.
V o lts
3 ,3 0 0
2,0 0 0
2,6 8 2
4,0 0 0
5,3 6 4
1 0,0 0 0
1 3,4 0 0
5 0,0 0 0 kW
6 7,0 0 0 H p
Design features for high reliability:
• Water cooled, draw-out phase leg assemblies with quick disconnect
fittings reduce drive footprint
• Converter and inverter use medium voltage IEGT power
semiconductors with high-speed switching to provide near unity
power factor to the load
• Regenerative IEGT converter available
• Pulse Width Modulation using fixed pulse pattern control reduces
switching losses
• Modular design - power bridge assemblies are draw-out modules.
Quick disconnects minimize maintenance time.
• Motor and power-system friendly - high speed switching (500 Hz)
coupled with the three-level bridge design delivers a smooth sine
wave to the motor and power system.
Frame Size
Volts
Out
Motor Power
(hp)
Frame Size
Cabinet Length
inches (mm)
Cabinet Height
inches (mm)
8,000
3,300
5,000-10,000
8,000 - 10,000
126 (3,200)
94 (2,388)
10,000
3,300
13,000
20,000
220 (5,600)
94 (2,388)
20,000
3,300
26,000
40,000
3,300
52,000
40,000, plus a
second cabinet
252 (6,400)
189 (4,800)
94 (2,388)
94 (2,388)
© 2011 TMEIC Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
Page 23 of 24
Medium Voltage Motor and Drives Systems School
TMEIC Corporation is pleased to offer its tuition-free MV Motor and Drives Systems School to its customers. These
schools are offered regularly in Roanoke, Virginia, and other cities.
Course Topics:
• Medium Voltage (MV) induction and synchronous motors
• Fundamentals of variable frequency drives
• MV drive characteristics, payback, and specifications
• MV power systems design concepts
• MV switchgear, starters, transformers, reactors, and
substations
• MV system protection
• Real-world industrial application stories from the mining,
cement, oil & gas, petrochemical and water & waste water
industries
• Equipment demonstrations
For details and registration for our next school, please visit our
Web site at www.tmeic.com.
Global Office Locations:
TMEIC Corporation
Roanoke, Virginia, USA
Email: GI@tmeic.com
Web:
www.tmeic.com
TOSHIBA MITSUBISHI-ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL
SYSTEMS CORPORATION (TMEIC)
Tokyo, Japan
Tel:
+81-3-5444-3828
Web:
www.tmeic.co.jp
TMEIC Europe Limited
Uxbridge, Middlesex, United Kingdom
Email: info@tmeic.eu
Web:
www.tmeic.eu
TMEIC Industrial Systems India Private Limited
Andhra Pradesh, India
Email: inquiry_india@tmeic.com
Web:
www.tmeic.in
TOSHIBA MITSUBISHI-ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL
SYSTEMS (Beijing) CORPORATION
Beijing, China
Email: sales@tmeic-cn.com
Web:
www.tmeic-cn.com
© 2011 TMEIC Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
TOSHIBA MITSUBISHI-ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL SYSTEMS
(Shanghai) CORPORATION
Shanghai, China
Email: sales@tmeic-cn.com
Web:
www.tmeic-cn.com
TMEIC Asia Company Ltd.
Kowloon Bay, Hong Kong
Web:
www.tmeic.com
TMEIC Asia Company, Ltd. Rep. Office
Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Web:
www.tmeic.com
All specifications in this document are subject to change without notice. This brochure is
provided free of charge and without obligation to the reader or to TMEIC Corporation. TMEIC
Corporation does not accept, nor imply, the acceptance of any liability with regard to the use
of the information provided. TMEIC Corporation provides the information included herein as is
and without warranty of any kind, express or implied, including, but not limited to, any implied
statutory warranty of merchantability or fitness for particular purposes. The information is
provided solely as a general reference to the potential benefits that may be attributable to the
technology discussed. Individual results may vary. Independent analysis and testing of each
application is required to determine the results and benefits to be achieved from the technology
discussed.
TMdrive is a registered trademark of Toshiba Mitsubishi-Electric Industrial Systems
Corporation.
TMEIC is a registered trademark of Toshiba Mitsubishi-Electric Industrial Systems Corporation.
TM is a registered trademark of TMEIC Corporation.
I-1109-A