IEC Type Test Report
Report No. EU1344-HR-00
Type PVN Polymer Arrester
10,000 A Line Discharge Class 3
This report records the results of this type test made on 10 kA Class 3 arresters
rated 3 thru 180 kV in accordance with IEC Standard 60099-4, 2004, “Surge
arresters - Part 4: Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps for a.c. systems.”
To the best of our knowledge and within the usual limits of testing practice, tests
performed on the Type PVN 10 kA Class 3 arresters demonstrate full compliance
with the relevant clause of the referenced standard.
D. W. Lenk P.E.
Principal Engineer
M. G. Comber
Manager, Engineering
Date: 1/16/2006
Separate reports provide details of each test, according to the following table:
Report No.
EU1344-HR-01
EU1344-HR-02
EU1344-HR-03
EU1344-HR-04
EU1344-HR-05
EU1344-HR-06
EU1344-HR-07
EU1344-HR-08
EU1344-HR-09
EU1344-HR-10
EU1344-HR-11
EU1344-HR-12
EU1344-HR-13
Description
Insulation Withstand Test
Residual Voltage
Long Duration Current Withstand
Accelerated Aging Procedure
Heat Dissipation Behavior of Test Section
Switching Surge Operating Duty
Partial Discharge
Power Frequency Voltage Versus Time
Short Circuit
Bending Moment
Moisture Ingress
RIV
Weather Ageing
Clause
10.8.2
10.8.3
10.8.4
10.8.5
10.8.5
10.8.5
10.8.8
Annex D
5.11
10.8.9
10.8.13
10.8.12
10.8.14
Issue date
1/16/2006
1/16/2006
1/16/2006
1/16/2006
1/16/2006
1/16/2006
1/16/2006
1/16/2006
1/16/2006
1/16/2006
1/16/2006
1/16/2006
1/16/2006
IEC Type Test Report
Report No. EU1344-HR-01
Type PVN
Polymer Arrester
10,000 A Line Discharge Class 3
Insulation withstand tests on the arrester housing
This report records the results of this type test made on IEC 10 kA Class 3 arresters
rated 3 thru 228 kV in accordance with IEC Standard 60099-4, 2004, “Surge
arresters - Part 4: Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps for a.c. systems.”
To the best of our knowledge and within the usual limits of testing practice, tests
performed on IEC 10 kA Class 3 arresters demonstrate full compliance with the
relevant clause of the referenced standard.
Dennis W. Lenk P.E.
Principal Engineer
M.G. Comber
Manager, Engineering
Date: 1/16/2006
IEC Type Test Report
Insulation withstand tests on the arrester housing
iec CLAUSE 10.8.2
Table 1 summarizes polymer housing minimum leakage and strike distances for each
arrester rating, and 60 Hz and impulse withstand requirements for each housing size. In
all cases, the actual withstand values of each arrester housing exceed the minimum values
specified in the Standard.
Table 1. Insulation Withstand Requirements of PVN IEC 10 kA Class 3 Arresters.
Arrester
MCOV
2.55
5.1
7.65
8.4
10.2
12.7
15.3
17
19.5
22
24.4
29
31.5
36.5
39
42
48
57
70
76
84
88
98
106
115
131
140
144
152
180
Leakage
Distance
(mm)
584
584
584
584
787
787
787
1168
1168
1168
1168
1168
1575
1575
1575
1981
1981
2337
3150
3150
3962
3962
3962
3962
4724
5944
5944
5944
5944
7925
Imp w/s
Req’d
(KVc)
9.9
19.8
29.5
32.9
39.4
49.3
59.2
66.6
75.5
86.2
95
113
123
143
152
171
193
227
286
304
341
341
386
412
456
532
545
569
607
723
Imp w/s
Actual
(KVc)
120
120
120
120
161
161
161
241
241
241
241
241
321
321
321
401
401
450
639
639
700
700
660
660
817
1050
1050
1050
1050
1520
-2-
60 HZ
1 Minute Wet w/s
Req’d
(kVrms)
4.7
9.4
14
15.6
18.7
23.4
28.1
31.6
35.9
41
45.2
53.9
58.5
68
72
81
92
108
136
145
162
162
184
196
217
253
259
271
288
343
60 HZ
1 Minute Wet w/s
Actual
(kVrms)
57
57
57
57
74
74
74
109
109
109
109
109
145
145
145
182
182
200
295
295
320
320
306
306
385
410
410
410
410
500
IEC Type Test Report
Report No. EU1344-HR-02
Type PVN
Polymer Arrester
10,000 A Line Discharge Class 3
Residual Voltage
This report records the results of type tests made on Type PVN 10 kA Line Discharge
Class 3 arresters, rated up to 228 kV. Tests were performed in accordance with
procedures of IEC Standard 60099-4, 2004, “Surge arresters - Part 4: Metal-oxide
surge arresters without gaps for a.c. systems.”
To the best of our knowledge and within the usual limits of testing practice, tests
performed on these arresters demonstrate compliance with the relevant clause of the
referenced standard.
Dennis. W. Lenk P.E.
Principal Engineer
M.G. Comber
Manager, Engineering
Date:1/16/2006
1
IEC TYPE TEST REPORT
Residual Voltage
TESTS PERFORMED:
Residual voltage measurements were made on three single resistor elements. Tests were
conducted in accordance with clause 10.8.3 of IEC 60099-4, to determine steep current
impulse residual voltages at 10 kA, lightning impulse residual voltages at 5 kA, 10 kA
and 20 kA, and switching impulse residual voltages at 0.25 kA and 1 kA. Oscillograms
of current and voltage were obtained for each test.
For each test sample, all measured voltages have been rationalized to the lightning
impulse residual voltage of that sample at nominal discharge current (10 kA 8/20), and
the results have been displayed in graphical form.
RESULTS:
Tables 1, 2 and 3 show the residual voltages measured on test samples 1, 2 and 3,
respectively. For each test sample, the measured residual voltages have been expressed
in per unit of the lightning impulse residual voltage at nominal discharge current (10 kA,
8/20).
Table 1. Measurements made on test sample 1
Test Wave
Steep current
Lightning
impulse
Switching
impulse
Current
magnitude
kA
10
5
10
20
0.25
1
Waveshape
μs
1/2
8/20
47/91
Residual Voltage
kV
13.695
11.895
12.754
13.879
9.938
10.505
p.u.
1.074
0.933
1.000
1.088
0.779
0.824
Oscillogram
number
28
7
10
13
19
25
Table 2. Measurements made on test sample 2
Test wave
Steep current
Lightning
impulse
Switching
impulse
Current
magnitude
kA
10
5
10
20
0.25
1
Waveshape
μs
1/2
8/20
47/91
Residual Voltage
kV
13.707
11.868
12.746
13.854
9.875
10.484
p.u.
1.075
0.931
1.000
1.087
0.775
0.823
Oscillogram
number
29
8
11
14
20
26
Table 3. Measurements made on test sample 3
Test wave
Current
Waveshape
Residual Voltage
Oscillogram
2
Steep current
Lightning
impulse
Switching
impulse
magnitude
kA
10
5
10
20
0.25
1
μs
1/2
kV
13.504
11.697
12.547
13.683
9.706
10.295
8/20
47/91
p.u.
1.076
0.932
1.000
1.091
0.774
0.821
number
30
9
12
15
21
27
The results are shown graphically in the following chart. When expressed in terms of per
unit of the residual voltage at nominal discharge current, the residual voltages of Type
PVN arresters for steep front, lightning impulse and switching impulse do not exceed
values shown in this chart.
1.1
Residual voltage - p.u.
Steep front
Lightning impulse
1
0.9
0.8
Switching impulse
0.7
0
5
10
15
20
Current - kA
3
Annex
Oscillograms
4
Annex
Oscillograms
5
Oscillogram 7
Sample 1
6
Oscillogram 8
Sample 2
7
Oscillogroam 9
Sample 3
8
Oscillogram 10
Sample 1
9
Oscillogram 11
Sample 2
10
Oscillogram 12
Sample 3
11
Oscillogram 13
Sample 1
12
Oscillogram 14
Sample 2
13
Oscillogram 15
Sample 3
14
Oscillogram 19
Sample 1
15
Oscillogram 20
Sample 2
16
Oscillogram 21
Sample 3
17
Oscillogram 25
Sample 1
18
Oscillogram 26
Sample 2
19
Oscillogram 27
Sample 3
20
Oscillogram 28
Sample 1
21
Oscillogram 29
Sample 2
22
Oscillogram 30
Sample 3
23
IEC Type Test Report
Report No. EU1344-HR-03
Type PVN
Polymer Arrester
10,000 A Line Discharge Class 3
Long Duration Current Impulse Withstand Tests
This report records the results of this type test made on 10 kA Class 3 arresters
rated 3 thru 228 kV in accordance with IEC Standard 60099-4, 2004 “Surge
arresters - Part 4: Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps for a.c. systems.”
To the best of our knowledge and within the usual limits of testing practice, tests
performed on 10 kA Class 3 arresters demonstrate full compliance with the
relevant clause of the referenced standard.
D. W. Lenk P.E.
Principal Engineer
M.G. Comber
Manager, Engineering
Date: 1/16/2006
IEC Type Test Report
Long Duration Current Impulse Withstand Tests
iec Clause 10.8.4
Sample Preparation
The test was conducted in accordance with Section 10.8.4 of IEC 99-4 2004 Standard on
the three samples. Each test sample consisted of (2) 60 mm diameter mov discs, 70 mm
total length.
Test Parameters and Procedure
The test setup is intended to model a Type PVN arrester applied as a Class 3 Line
Discharge arrester. The generator parameters conform to the Class 3 Line Discharge
requirements as defines in Table 5 of IEC 99-4 standard. The generator, initial
measurements and prorated section parameters are defined as follows:
Test Parameters
Sample #1
Sample #2
Sample #3
Initial Residual Voltage @ 10 kA, 8/20 µS
Switching Residual Voltage @ 250 A: Ures
Reference Current: Iref
Reference Voltage (kVc): Vref
Maximum COV (rms): Uc
Maximum Rating (rms): Ur
Arrester Classification
Line Discharge Class
Virtual Duration of Peak (90-90%)
Max. Generator Impedance: Z g
Min. Generator Charging Voltage: UL
22.343 kV
16.996 kV
1 mA
12.944 kV
7.763 kV
9.502 kV
10 kA
3
2400 µS
12.35 Ω
26.606 kV
22.311 kV
16.983 kV
1 mA
12.902 kV
7.738 kV
9.471 kV
10 kA
3
2400 µS
12.31 Ω
26.519 kV
22.408 kV
17.061 kV
1 mA
12.914 kV
7.745 kV
9.480 kV
10 kA
3
2400 µS
12.32 Ω
26.544 kV
Before the transmission line discharge test, the 10 kA, 8/20 µS discharge voltage of the
test sample was measured.
The procedure was performed per Section 7.4.2 of the IEC 99-4 Standard. The procedure
consisted of eighteen rectangular wave shape discharges applied to each sample. These
discharges were arranged in six groups of three consecutive operations with a time
interval between consecutive operations of 50 to 60 sec. The samples were allowed to
cool to near ambient temperature between groups of discharges.
-2-
Test Results
Figure No.1 measures the surge impedance and confirms the virtual duration of the
transmission line generator. The samples were exposed to the air at still air temperature
of 20 oC during the tests. A summary of data recorded during this test is shown in Table
1.
Figure 1
Zg = 10451 V / 850.2 A
Zg = 12.29 Ohms
Time Duration = 2400 µS
Table 1
Summary Data - Long Duration Current Impulse Withstand Test
Impulse
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
I (A)
740
721
709
729
710
702
727
715
704
720
705
711
730
711
704
737
718
692
Sample 1
V (kV)
17.79
17.95
18.08
17.84
18.00
18.13
17.87
18.01
18.14
17.89
18.05
18.19
17.87
18.01
18.16
17.90
18.06
18.14
E (kJ)
34.23
33.70
33.32
33.72
33.22
32.97
33.66
33.44
33.16
33.40
33.02
33.54
33.85
33.22
33.15
34.25
33.62
32.60
I (A)
735
722
711
728
714
703
728
712
703
729
706
694
727
713
698
723
710
695
Sample 2
V (kV) E (kJ)
17.81
33.96
17.95
33.61
18.08
33.31
17.84
33.70
17.98
33.28
18.13
33.04
17.85
33.72
18.01
33.27
18.11
33.02
17.87
33.80
18.03
32.96
18.13
32.61
17.87
33.69
18.03
33.29
18.13
32.88
17.87
33.61
18.01
33.16
18.12
32.69
-3-
I (A)
725
711
700
720
706
696
721
706
698
712
711
695
714
697
689
717
700
692
Sample 3
V (kV)
E (kJ)
17.87
33.64
18.03
33.25
18.16
32.97
17.92
33.47
18.08
33.12
18.19
32.82
17.95
33.58
18.11
33.20
18.20
33.04
17.94
33.17
18.11
33.41
18.22
32.80
17.93
33.23
18.09
32.69
18.20
32.53
17.97
33.36
18.09
32.89
18.20
32.75
Figure 2 is an oscillographics record of the first, ninth and eighteen transmission line
discharge through the test sample No. 1.
Figure 2
Sample No. 1, Shot 1
Discharge Current = 740 A
Discharge Voltage = 17.79 kV
Energy Under the V-I Curve = 34.23 kJ
Sample No. 1, Shot 9
Discharge Current = 704 A
Discharge Voltage = 18.14 kV
Energy Under the V-I Curve = 33.16 kJ
Sample No. 1, Shot 18
Discharge Current = 692 A
Discharge Voltage = 18.14 kV
Energy Under the V-I Curve = 32.60 kJ
-4-
Figure 3 is an oscillographics record of the first, ninth and eighteenth transmission line
discharge through the test sample No. 2.
Figure 3
Sample No. 2, Shot 1
Discharge Current = 735 A
Discharge Voltage = 17.81 kV
Energy Under the V-I Curve = 33.96 kJ
Sample No. 2, Shot 9
Discharge Current = 703 A
Discharge Voltage = 18.14 kV
Energy Under the V-I Curve = 33.02 kJ
Sample No. 2, Shot 18
Discharge Current = 695 A
Discharge Voltage = 18.12 kV
Energy Under the V-I Curve = 32.69 kJ
Figure 4 is an oscillographics record of the first, ninth and eighteenth transmission line
discharge through the test sample No. 3.
-5-
Figure 4
Sample No. 3, Shot 1
Discharge Current = 725A
Discharge Voltage = 17.87 kV
Energy Under the V-I Curve = 33.64 kJ
Sample No. 3, Shot 9
Discharge Current = 698 A
Discharge Voltage = 18.20 kV
Energy Under the V-I Curve = 33.04 kJ
Sample No. 3, Shot 18
Discharge Current = 692 A
Discharge Voltage = 18.20 kV
Energy Under the V-I Curve = 32.75 kJ
-6-
After successful completion of the eighteen-shot test, the 10 kA, 8/20 µS discharge
voltage of each test sample was measured. The results of the residual voltage
measurements are given in the following table and they show that all three samples had
less than the permissible 5% change.
Summary Data - Residual Voltage Measurement Comparisons 10 kA, 8/20 µS Impulse
SAMPLE NO.
1
2
3
RESIDUAL VOLTAGE (KV)
INITIAL
FINAL
22.343
22.311
22.311
22.359
22.408
22.472
PERCENT
CHANGE
-0.14
0.22
0.29
Test Summary
The three prorated test samples successfully completed the Long Duration Current
Impulse Withstand Test per Clause 10.8.4 of IEC 99-4, 2004 Standard. In all cases, the
change in 10 kA, 8/20 µS residual voltage was less than the allowed 5% limit.
Disassembly revealed no evidence of physical damage to the three test samples.
Therefore, the three test samples have successfully fulfilled the Long Duration Current
Impulse Withstand requirement of a PVN Line Discharge Class 3 Arrester.
-7-
IEC Type Test Report
Report No. EU1344-HR-04
Type PVN
Polymer Arrester
10,000 A Line Discharge Class 3
Accelerated Aging Procedure
This report records the results of type tests made on Type PVN 10 kA Line
Discharge Class 3 arresters, rated up to 228 kV. Tests were performed in
accordance with procedures of IEC Standard 60099-4, Ed. 2.0, 2005, “Surge
arresters - Part 4: Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps for a.c. systems.”
To the best of our knowledge and within the usual limits of testing practice, tests
performed on these arresters demonstrate compliance with the relevant clauses of
the referenced standard.
Dennis. W. Lenk P.E.
Principal Engineer
Michael G. Comber
Manager, Engineering
Date: 1/16/2006
EU1516-H-04
IEC TYPE TEST REPORT
Accelerated Aging Procedure
TESTS PERFORMED:
Accelerated aging tests were performed on three resistor elements, 60mm diameter x
41mm length. The tests were conducted in accordance with Clause 8.5.2 of IEC 60099-4.
The test samples were placed in an air oven and energized at a voltage equal to the
corrected maximum continuous operating voltage, Uct, for 1000 hours. The temperature
of the samples was maintained at 115 °C ± 2 °C for the duration of the test.
Power dissipation was measured on each sample throughout the 1000 h test period.
Clause 8.5.2 of IEC 60099-4 defines three power dissipation values:
• P1ct, measured 1 h to 2 h after the initial voltage application
• P2ct, measured after 1000 h
• P3ct, the minimum value attained during the 1000 h test period.
If P2ct is equal to or less than 1.1 times P3ct, then the switching surge operating duty test
of Clause 8.5.5 of IEC 6099-4 is to be performed on new resistors. Furthermore, if P2ct is
equal to or less than P1ct, then the rated voltage and continuous operating voltage used for
the operating duty test are not subject to any modification.
RESULTS:
Figure 1 graphically displays the measurements made on the three samples during the
1000 h test period. Table 1 summarizes the values of P1ct, P2ct and P3ct for each sample.
The requirements that P2ct is equal to or less than 1.1 times P3ct, and P2ct is equal to or less
than P1ct are met for all three samples. Consequently, no modification needs to be made
to the rated voltage and continuous operating voltage in the operating duty test, and the
operating duty test can be performed on new resistors.
Table 1. Power dissipation values
Sample
Number
Power
dissipation
at 2 h
P1ct (W)
Power
dissipation
at 1000 h
P2ct (W)
Minimum
power
dissipation
P3ct (W)
1
2
3
2.57
2.40
2.49
2.12
2.06
2.07
2.12
2.02
2.04
-2-
IEC Type Test Report
Report No. EU1344-HR-05
Type PVN
Polymer Arrester
10,000 A Line Discharge Class 3
heat dissipation behaviour of test samples
This report records the results of this type test made on IEC 10 kA Class 3
arresters rated 3 thru 228 kV in accordance with IEC Standard 60099-4, 2004
“Surge arresters - Part 4: Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps for a.c.
systems.”
To the best of our knowledge and within the usual limits of testing practice, tests
performed on IEC 10 KA Class 3 Arresters demonstrate full compliance with the
relevant clause of the referenced standard.
Dennis. W. Lenk P.E.
Principal Engineer
M. G. Comber
Manager, Engineering
Date: 1/16/2006
IEC Type Test Report
heat dissipation behaviour of Type PVN ARRESTER VERSUS PROrated arrester
SECTION
iec clause 10.8.5 /aNNEX B
Purpose The purpose of this test is to verify that the thermal cooling curve for the Type
PVN prorated section , when internally heated, will cool slower than that of a full size
PVN arrester unit.
Procedure The full size arrester and the prorated section were heated up by applying a
temporary overvoltage to the test samples. The test procedure is defined in Annex B of
CEI\IEC 99-4 Standard. The full size arrester unit was instrumented with three (3)
internal thermocouples, located at 1/4, 1/2, and 3/4 locations in the mov disc stack. The
average temperature of the three arrester thermocouples was calculated for each 5 minute
interval to develop the arrester unit cooling curve. The prorated section was instrumented
with a single thermocouple and its cooling rated monitored at 5 minute intervals.
Summary The following cooling curve confirms that the cooling rate of the PVN
prorated section is slower than that of the full size PVN arrester unit, proving the thermal
equivalency of the prorated section to the full size arrester.
-2-
IEC Type Test Report
Report No. EU1344-HR-06
Type PVN
Polymer Arrester
10,000 A Line Discharge Class 3
Switching surge Operating Duty Test
This report records the results of this type test made on 10 kA Class arresters rated
3 thru 228 kV in accordance with IEC Standard 60099-4, 2001 “Surge arresters Part 4: Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps for a.c. systems.”
To the best of our knowledge and within the usual limits of testing practice, tests
performed on 10 kA Class 3 Arresters demonstrate full compliance with the
relevant clause of the referenced standard.
D. W. Lenk P.E.
Principal Engineer
M.G. Comber
Manager, Engineering
Date:
IEC Type Test Report
switching surge Operating Duty Test
iec clause 10.8.5
Sample Preparation
The switching surge operating duty test was performed on the three thermally prorated
test samples consisting of two 60 mm diameter, 35 mm long ZnO discs.
Test Procedure
1) Initial Measurements:
•
At room temperature, the reference voltage was measured at 1mA reference current
for each test sample.
•
At room temperature, the initial residual voltage was measured at 10 kA, 8/20 µS for
each test sample also.
2) Conditioning:
•
With each sample energized at 60 Hz voltage 1.20x Uc*, a conditioning test
consisting of four groups of five 10 kA 8/20 uS lightning current impulses was
applied to the each thermal equivalent section. The interval between the impulses was
between 50 s and 60 s and the interval between groups was between 25 min. and 30
min. The impulses were timed to occur 600 before the crest of the 60 Hz voltage
having the same polarity as the impulse. Tests were in still air at 20 0C.
•
While assembled into an open air test fixture, each sample was next subjected to two
100 kA 4/10 uS current impulses with the samples cooled to ambient between shots.
3) Switching Surge Operating Duty Test:
•
The samples were assembled into the prorated models, placed in an oven and heated
to 60 0C +/- 3 0C. Within 3 minutes after removal from the oven, each section was
subjected to two transmission line discharge, 50 to 60 seconds apart. Then, within 90
msec. of the last long duration impulse, rated voltage (Ur) was applied for 10 seconds
immediately followed by MCOV (Uc) for 30 min. During the recovery period, the
power dissipation was monitored.
•
After the complete test sequence each test section was cooled to near ambient
temperature and the 10 kA, 8/20 µS discharge voltage test was repeated. The
percentage change in 10 kA, 8/20 µS residual voltage measured before and after the
test was calculated .
•
A visual inspection verified that no damage occurred.
Test Results
-2-
Before the switching surge operating duty test, the initial measurements and prorated
section parameters are defined in Table 1:
Table 1
Test Parameters
Sample #1
Sample #2
Sample #3
Initial Residual Voltage @ 10 kA, 8/20 µS
Reference Current: Iref
Reference Voltage (peak): Vref
Maximum COV (rms): Uc
Maximum Rating (rms): Ur (1.224Uc)
22.44 kV
1 mA
12.974 kV
7.78 kV
9.523 kV
22.42 kV
1 mA
13.028 kV
7.81 kV
9.562 kV
22.42 kV
1 mA
12.959 kV
7.77 kV
9.511 kV
A summary of data recorded for three samples during 20 shots conditioning test is
shown in Table 2. The samples were exposed to the air at still air temperature of 20 oC
during the tests.
Table 2
Summary Data - Conditioning
IMPULSE
SAMPLE NO. 1
SAMPLE NO. 2
SAMPLE NO. 3
NUMBER
I (KA)
I (KA)
I (KA)
1
10.456
10.408
9.981
2
10.368
10.443
10.057
3
10.271
10.404
10.769
4
10.372
10.421
10.535
5
10.460
10.444
10.564
6
10.414
10.440
10.890
7
10.333
10.385
10.978
8
10.352
10.395
11.043
9
10.385
10.404
10.958
10
10.303
10.349
10.802
11
10.404
10.300
10.509
12
10.316
10.267
10.515
13
10.212
10.408
10.421
14
10.180
10.310
10.290
15
10.251
10.232
10.336
16
10.261
10.313
10.546
17
10.232
10.228
10.590
18
10.189
10.271
10.466
19
10.225
10.297
10.486
20
10.261
10.261
10.440
After successful completion of the 20 shot test, each sample was subjected to two 100 kA
4/10 µS impulses as specified in the Standard (figure 8). Following Table 3 shows the
first and second 100 kA impulses for all samples. Measured waveshape was 4.2/10.2 uS
SHOTS
Table 3
Summary Data - 100 kA 4/10 µS
SAMPLE NO. 1
SAMPLE NO. 2
-3-
SAMPLE NO. 3
NUMBER
1
2
I (KA)
107.480
102.290
I (KA)
102.080
102.430
I (KA)
102.500
102.780
Figure 1 shows oscillograms of the 100 kA impulse duty on the three test sections.
Figure 1
Sample No. 1
First 100 kA Impulse
Discharge Current = 107.48 kA
Discharge Voltage = 35.95 kV
Second 100 kA Impulse
Discharge Current = 102.29 kA
Discharge Voltage = 35.38 kV
Sample No. 2
First 100 kA Impulse
-4-
Discharge Current = 102.08 kA
Discharge Voltage = 35.32 kV
Second 100 kA Impulse
Discharge Current = 102.43 kA
Discharge Voltage = 35.36 kV
Sample No. 3
First 100 kA Impulse
Discharge Current = 102.50 kA
Discharge Voltage = 35.42 kV
Second 100 kA Impulse
-5-
Discharge Current = 102.78 kA
Discharge Voltage = 35.42 kV
The transmission line generator and prorated section parameters are defined in Table 4:
Table 4
Test Parameters
Sample #1
Sample #2
Sample #3
Reference Voltage: Vref
Maximum Rating (rms): Ur
Arrester Classification
Line Discharge Class
Virtual Duration of Peak (90-90%)
Max. Generator Impedance: Z g
Min. Generator Charging Voltage: UL
12.974 kV
9.523 kV
10 kA
3
2400 µS
12.38 Ω
26.664 kV
13.028 kV
9.562 kV
10 kA
3
2400 µS
12.43 Ω
26.774 kV
12.959 kV
9.511 kV
10 kA
3
2400 µS
12.36 Ω
26.631 kV
Figure 2 measures the surge impedance and confirms the virtual duration of the transmission
line generator. A summary of data recorded during this test is shown in Table 5.
Figure 2
Zg = 10451 V / 850.2 A
Zg = 12.29 Ohms
Time Duration = 2400 µS
Table 5
Summary Data - Energy Dissipation During the Long Duration Current Impulse:
-6-
Impulse
Number I (A)
1
712
2
691
Sample 1
V (kV) E (kJ)
18.06
33.56
18.29
32.93
Sample 2
I (A) V (kV) E (kJ)
745
18.14
35.21
720
18.35
34.39
Sample 3
I (A) V (kV) E (kJ)
743
18.14
35.09
698
18.33
33.36
The oscillograms during the Long Duration Current Impulse test are shown in Figure 3
Figure 3
Sample No. 1:
First LD Impulse
Discharge Current = 712.3 A
Discharge Voltage = 18.06 kV
Second LD Impulse
Discharge Current = 691.5 A
Discharge Voltage = 18.29 kV
Sample No. 2:
First LD Impulse
-7-
Discharge Current = 745.0 A
Discharge Voltage = 18.14 kV
Second LD Impulse
Discharge Current = 720.2 A
Discharge Voltage = 18.35 kV
Sample No. 3:
First LD Impulse
Discharge Current = 743.4 A
Discharge Voltage = 17.14 kV
Second LD Impulse
-8-
Discharge Current = 698.7 A
Discharge Voltage = 18.33 kV
Thermal stability was verified during the recovery period by continuous measurement of
the power dissipation of the test sample. Periodic values are show in Table 6 and they
indicate that all three samples were stable.
Table 6
Summary Data - Power Dissipation in Thermal Models During Recovery per IEC
RECOVERY
TIME
0 SEC
30 SEC
1 MIN.
2 MIN.
5 MIN.
10 MIN.
20 MIN.
30 MIN.
SAMPLE NO. 1
POWER LOSS (W)
21.9
19.8
19.0
18.6
15.7
12.7
9.8
8.2
SAMPLE NO. 2
POWER LOSS (W)
24.1
20.6
19.4
17.1
14.4
11.2
9.6
7.8
SAMPLE NO. 3
POWER LOSS (W)
26.2
24.3
22.6
20.3
17.4
15.0
12.2
10.4
The results of the residual voltage measurements are given in Table 7 and they show that
all three samples had less than the permissible 5% change.
Table 7
Summary Data - Residual Voltage Measurement Comparisons 10 kA, 8/20 µS Impulse
RESIDUAL VOLTAGE (KV)
PERCENT
SAMPLE NO.
INITIAL
FINAL
CHANGE
1
22.44
22.55
0.49
2
22.42
22.52
0.45
3
22.42
22.55
0.58
Test Summary
The three prorated test samples successfully completed the operating duty test per Clause
10.8.5 of IEC 99-4, 2004 standard. There was no evidence of puncture, flashover or
-9-
cracking of the non-linear metal oxide resistors in any of the three samples. Also, all
three samples were thermally stable as demonstrated in Table 6. The change in the
residual voltage measured before and after the test was less than 5%. Therefore, the three
test samples have successfully fulfilled the operating duty test requirement of a Class 3
Type PVN Arrester.
- 10 -
IEC Type Test Report
Report No. EU1344-HR-07
Polymer Arrester
10,000 A Line Discharge Class 3
partial discharge
This report records the results of this type test made on 10 kA Class 3 arresters
rated 3 thru 228 kV in accordance with IEC Standard 60099-4-2004 “Surge
Arresters- Part 4: Metal oxide surge arresters without gaps for ac systems”
To the best of our knowledge and within the usual limits of testing practice, tests
performed on IEC 10 kA Class 3 arresters demonstrate full compliance with the
relevant clause of the referenced standard.
Dennis W. Lenk P.E.
Principal Engineer
M.G. Comber
Manager, Engineering
Date: 1/16/2006
IEC Type Test Report
partial discharge
IEc clause 10.8.8
TITLE: Internal Partial Discharge
Clause 10.8.8 of IEC 60099-4 refers to Clause 8.8, which requires that the longest
electrical unit of the arrester design be subjected to an internal partial discharge type test.
Under the prescribed testing procedure, the partial discharge level at 1.05 times the
continuous operating voltage of the unit shall not exceed 10 pC.
Clause 9.1 c) of this same standard requires that all manufactured units be subjected to an
internal partial discharge test that is identical to that of Clause 8.8, and that the partial
discharge level of all units produced shall not exceed 10 pC. Routine test reports are
provided on request verifying that this requirement has been met.
By performing the routine testing of units according to Clause 9.1 c), the type test
requirements of Clause 10.8.8 are automatically met.
-2-
IEC Type Test Report
Report No. EU1344-HR-08
Type PVN
Polymer Arrester
10,000 A Line Discharge Class 3
Power Frequency Voltage Versus Time Characteristic
This report records the results of this type test made on 10 kA Class 3 arresters
rated 3 thru 228 kV in accordance with IEC Standard 60099-4, 2004 “Surge
arresters - Part 4: Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps for a.c. systems.”
To the best of our knowledge and within the usual limits of testing practice, tests
performed on 10 kA Type PVN Class 3 arresters demonstrate full compliance with
the relevant clause of the referenced standard.
D. W. Lenk P.E.
Principal Engineer
____________________________
M. G. Comber
Manager, Engineering
Date: 1/16/2006
IEC Type Test Report
power frequency voltage versus time characteristics
iec Annex D
The claimed power frequency voltage capability for the IEC 10 kA Type PVN Class 3
design is summarized in Figure 1. The test procedure is listed below:
1. Preheat to 60 ± 3°C;
2. Apply two long duration discharge spaced 60 seconds apart;
3. Within 100 ms of the second discharge, apply the selected
p. u. of voltage for a time
greater than the abscissa value on Figure 1;
4. Apply the recovery voltage (U c ) for 30 minutes and monitor the power loss to confirm
stability.
The 10 kA Class 3 arrester data points met the claimed TOV requirements specified by
the TOV withstand curve.
POWER FREQUENCY VERSUS TIME FOR TYPE PVN CLASS 3 PER IEC 994 ANNEX D
1.6
PER UNIT VOLTAGE TIMES Uc
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
OVERVOLTAGE DURATION-SECONDS
DEMONSTRATED WITHSTAND DATA POINTS PU*Uc
-2-
PRIOR DUTY TOV CURVE PU*Uc
10000
IEC Type Test Report
Report No. EU1344-HR-09
Type PVN
Polymer Arrester
10,000 A Line Discharge Class 3
Short Circuit Test
This report records the results of this type test made on 10 kA Class 3 arresters
rated 3 thru 228 kV in accordance with IEC Standard 60099-4, 1998 “Surge
arresters - Part 4: Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps for a.c. systems.”
To the best of our knowledge and within the usual limits of testing practice, tests
performed on 10 kA Type PVN Class 3 arresters demonstrate full compliance with
the relevant clause of the referenced standard.
D. W. Lenk P.E.
Principal Engineer
M. G. Comber
Manager, Engineering
Date:
IEC Type Test Report
short circuit test
INTRODUCTION: The high current and low current pressure relief tests were
performed per Section 5.11 of IEC 60099-4-1998 Standard. For the high current tests, an
additional timed reclose was performed on each test specimen approximately 20 cycles
after completion of the required 12 cycle test. The high current tests were performed in
the IREQ High Power Laboratory in Montreal.
SAMPLE PREPARATION: The fuse wire was used to short out the mov disc elements.
Two shorting methods were used. The "shorted" mode of failure consisted of externally
locating a fuse wire along the outside contour of the stack of mov disc elements between
the mov discs and the fiberglass-epoxy wrap. The "puncture" mode of failure consisted of
drilling a 4 mm diameter hole through the center of each mov disc and then running a
wire through the center of the stack of discs. For the high current tests, the longest
available single unit arrester ( 48 kV MCOV ) was tested.
TEST PROCEDURE: To achieve the high levels of fault current, the high current
pressure relief tests were performed per Section 8.13.3.4 with a reduced voltage source of
11.1 kV rms. Since the arrester arc resistance can significantly affect the required
asymmetry, the claimable symmetrical rms current for the high current test procedure is
calculated by dividing the 1st loop peak current by 2.6. The low current pressure relief
tests were performed per Section 8.13.4.
TEST RESULTS: The following table summarizes the results of the pressure relief
testing. The low current sample successfully vented within .23 seconds after fault
initiation. The high current tests were performed on the longest arrester units. In addition
to the initial 12 cycle fault current duty required per the standard test procedure, both the
"punctured" and the "shorted" test samples were immediately subjected to a fault current
reclose condition. Both arresters successfully vented. The highest claimable symmetrical
fault current of 83.4 kA rms for 12.5 cycles, followed in 20 cycles by a claimable 81.5
kA rms 3 cycle reclose was recorded on the "shorted" design. The lower peak kA values
recorded on the "punctured" arrester configuration were the result of the high arc
resistance of that design when subjected to the reduced voltage test procedure.
Initial Fault
Arrest
MCOV
Mode of
Fail
Test
Volts
kVrms
1st
Loop
Peak
Act
Symm
Curr
Claimed
Symm
Curr
-2-
Reclose Fault
Fault
Durat
(Cyc)
1st
Loop
Peak
Act
Sym
m
Fault
Durat
(Cyc)
Condition
of Arrester
after
kAc
kA rms
kArms
kAc
48
Shorted
11.3
217
120
83.4
12.5
212
Curr
kArms
122
48
Punct
11.2
181
121
69.6
12.5
229
124
2.55
Shorted
15.0
.48
.48
60
Testing
3
3
Module
Intact
Housing
Separated
Module
Intact
Housing
Separated
Module
Intact
Housing
Split
CONCLUSION: The test arresters assembled with the longest mechanical unit met the
test evaluation criteria as specified. In all tests, the arrester module remained intact after
the completion of each test. The flexible polymer housing wall section split or separated,
as intended, on all samples to allow venting of internal arcing gases to the outside of the
arrester. In all cases, flames associated with the fault current test extinguished
immediately after completion of the test, well within the allowed 2 minute duration.
These tests have demonstrated the capability of the IEC 10 kA Type PVN Class 3 arrester
design to successfully discharge a maximum claimable 83 kArms symmetrical fault
current.
-3-
IEC Type Test Report
Report No. EU1344-HR-10
Base Mounted Type PVN
Polymer Arrester
10,000 A Line Discharge Class 3
BENDING MOMENT
This report records the results of this type test made on IEC 10 kA Class 3 Type
PVN arresters rated 3 thru 228 kV in accordance with IEC Standard 60099-4,
2004-05 “Surge arresters - Part 4: Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps for a.c.
systems.”
To the best of our knowledge and within the usual limits of testing practice, tests
performed on IEC 10 KA Class 3 Arresters demonstrate full compliance with the
relevant clause of the referenced standard.
Dennis. W. Lenk P.E.
Principal Engineer
M. G. Comber
Manager, Engineering
Date: 1/16/2006
IEC Type Test Report
BENDING MOMENT TEST
iec clause 10.8.9
Introduction
Tests were performed in accordance with clause 10.8.9 of IEC Standard 60099-4,
2004-05. The purpose of this test was to verify the mechanical and electrical integrity of
the arrester polymer housing after being subjected to its maximum permissible service
load (MPSL) moment, followed by the boiling water immersion test specified in clause
10.8.10.
Sample Preparation
A 42 kV MCOV Class 3 PVN arrester was assembled for this test.
Test Procedure
The test arrester was subjected to PD, watts loss, and voltage tests prior to the bending
moment and boiling water immersion test. The mechanical portion of the bending
moment test consists of rigidly mounting the 3-lug arrester base casting and then apply an
increasing load to the top end of the measure, continuously monitoring top end deflection
as a function of the applied load. When the claimed maximum permissible service load
was reach, the load was maintained for 60 seconds, after which the load was slowly
released. After the load was removed, the residual deflection of the arrester top end was
recorded.
The water immersion portion of the bending moment test was performed per clause 10.8.
13 and consists of placing the mechanically stressed arrester into a boiling salt water bath
for 42 hours, after which the same is cooled to room temperature and electrical tests are
repeated.
Test Results
The test arrester was loaded to the maximum permissible service load bending moment
claimed for this base mounted IEC Class 3 PVN design. The following trace shows the
mechanical portion of the bending moment test.
-2-
Plot of Applied Moment Versus Time for PVN Arrester
25000
20000
Moment In-lbs
15000
Moment (in-lbs)
10000
5000
Residual deflection = .208"
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
Time- Seconds
Subsequent to the bending moment test, the test arrester was subjected to 42 hours
immersion in the specified salt water bath. After removal from the bath, the arrester was
electrically tested. The following table compares the initial versus the final electrical test
results.
Sample
Initial
Final
Initial PD
Final PD
Initial 17
Final 17
No.
Watts @
Watts @
@ 1.05
@ 1.05
ma
ma
Uc
Uc
times Uc
times Uc
Voltage
Voltage
(pC)
(pC
kVc
kVc
1
3.8
3.8
0
0
54.2
54.5
Test Conclusions
Visual inspection confirmed that there was no damage to the arrester as a result of the
bending moment test, followed by the water immersion test. The load-deflection plot
shows a smooth time load curve for the arrester. Electrical tests performed before and
after testing confirmed the electrical integrity of the test arrester. The 0 % watts loss was
below the allowed 20% increase. Partial discharge was 0 pC, below the allowed 10 pC
limit. The measured 17 ma voltage changed +0.5%, below the allowed 5% limit. The IEC
Class 3 Type PVN base mounted arrester design successfully passed the bending moment
test, as defined in IEC 60099-4 standard.
-3-
IEC Type Test Report
Report No. EU1344-HR-11
Type PVN
Polymer Arrester
10,000 A Line Discharge Class 3
Moisture Ingress Test
This report records the results of type tests made on Type PVN IEC 10 kA Class 3
arresters in accordance with IEC Standard 60099-4, 2004-05 “Surge arresters - Part
4: Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps for a.c. systems.”
To the best of our knowledge and within the usual limits of testing practice, tests
performed on Type PVN IEC 10 kA Class 3 arresters demonstrate full compliance
with the relevant clauses of the referenced standard.
__________________________
D. W. Lenk P.E.
Principal Engineer
_____________________________
M. G. Comber
Manager, Engineering
Date: 1/16/2006
IEC TYPE TEST REPORT
Moisture Ingress Test
IEC Clause 10.8.13
10 kA Class 3 Surge Arrester
TEST SAMPLES: The moisture ingress test was performed on a PVN 19.5 kV MCOV arrester.
Tests were performed to validate the seal integrity of the PVN design after being subjected to the
claimed 10,000 inch-pound continuous cantilever rating.
TEST PROCEDURE: Testing was performed per the procedures specified in Section 10.8.13
of IEC Std 60099-4. Prior to cantilever loading, the test arrester successfully passed the Bending
Moment test specified in Clause 10.8.9 of 60099-4 standard. Per clause 10.8.13.2.2, the
recommended arrester top end tightening torque was applied for 30 seconds to the top end of the
arrester. The test arrester was rigidly mounted at its base and top end loading applied to develop
10,000 inch-pound base end cantilever load. Successive loading was performed at 0o, 90o, 180o,
and 270o. The arrester was subjected to a combination of 10,000 inch-pound load rotations and
temperature excursions for 96 hours as specified in Figure 6 of 60099-4 Standard. After
completion of the thermomechanical preconditioning test, the arrester was placed into boiling
salt water for 42 hours, as specified in Clause 10.8.13.3. Finally, electrical and physical tests
were performed per Clause 10.8.13.4 to confirm the seal integrity of the test arrester.
TEST RESULTS: The following table summarizes the results of the electrical tests performed
before and after the moisture ingress test.
Watts Loss
@MCOV
Initial
2.5
Watts Loss
@MCOV
Final
2.4
Watts
Loss
Change
-4.0%
1.5 kA IR
kVc
Initial
72.91
1.5 kA IR
kVc
Final
71.37
1.5 kA IR
kVc
Change
-2.1%
Partial disch
Pc
Initial
1.0
Partial
disch Pc
Final
1.0
CONCLUSION: Per the test results summarized above, the electrical characteristics of the
PVN arrester met the allowable limits specified in Clause 10.8.13.4. Visual examination revealed
no evidence of mechanical damage. The above tests validated the seal integrity of the PVN
arrester assembled with a 3-lug base end casting when loaded to the 10,000 inch-pound
continuous cantilever rating.
2
IEC Type Test Report
Report No. EU1344-HR-12
Type PVN
Polymer Arrester
10,000 A Line Discharge Class 3
Radio Influence Voltage (RIV)
This report records the results of type tests made on Type PVN 10 kA Line
Discharge Class 3 arresters, rated up to 228 kV. Tests were performed in
accordance with procedures of IEC Standard 60099-4, Ed. 2.0, 2004-05, “Surge
arresters - Part 4: Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps for a.c. systems.”
To the best of our knowledge and within the usual limits of testing practice, tests
performed on these arresters demonstrate compliance with the relevant clauses of
the referenced standard.
Dennis. W. Lenk P.E.
Principal Engineer
M. G. Comber
Manager, Engineering
Date: 1/16/2006
IEC TYPE TEST REPORT
Radio Influence Voltage (RIV)
TESTS PERFORMED:
A fully-assembled arrester, with voltage rating Ur of 228 kV and continuous operating
voltage Uc of 180 kV, was subjected to the RIV test at voltages in excess of those
prescribed in Clause 10.8.12 of IEC 60099-4. The voltage application was as follows:
•
raised to 207 kV (1.15 Uc )
•
lowered to 189 kV (1.05 Uc )
•
held at 180 kV for 5 min
•
lowered in steps of approximately 0.1 Uc until reaching 0.5 Uc
•
increased in similar steps until reaching 189 kV (1.05 Uc)
•
held at 189 kV for 5 min
•
lowered again in steps of approximately 0.1 Uc until reaching 0.5 Uc
RIV measurements were made at each voltage level. The variable-frequency RIV meter
was tuned to 1 MHz for the measurements.
RESULTS:
Prior to installing the arrester in the test circuit, an open circuit test was run to determine
the background noise of the circuit. The arrester was installed and the sequence of
voltage applications described above was applied. Results of the RIV measurements are
shown in Table 1.
At all test voltage levels, the RIV was essentially at background noise level.
60099-4 allows a maximum RIV level of 2500 µV.
-2-
IEC
IEC Type Test Report
Report No. EU1344-HR-13
Base Mounted Polymer Arrester
10,000 A Line Discharge Class 3
WEATHER AGEING TEST
This report records the results of this type test made on IEC 10 kA Class 3
arresters rated 3 thru 228 kV in accordance with IEC Standard 60099-4, 2001
“Surge arresters - Part 4: Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps for a.c.
systems.”
To the best of our knowledge and within the usual limits of testing practice, tests
performed on IEC 10 KA Class 3 arresters demonstrate full compliance with the
relevant clause of the referenced standard.
Dennis. W. Lenk P.E.
Principal Engineer
M. G. Comber
Manager, Engineering
Date: 1/16/2006
IEC Type Test Report
WEATHER AGEING TEST
iec clause 10.8.14.2.1
Introduction
Tests were performed in accordance with clause 10.8.14.2.1 of IEC Standard 60099-4,
2005. The purpose of this test was to verify the electrical integrity of the arrester polymer
housing after being subjected to 1000 hours in a salt fog environment.
Sample Preparation
A 115 kV MCOV PVN arrester (longest electrical unit) was assembled for this test.
Test Procedure
The 1000 hour weather ageing test was performed per clause 10.8.14.2.2 of IEC 60099-4.
Test Results
The test arrester successfully withstood the 1000 hour salt fog exposure test with no
evidence of surface tracking, erosion, or puncturing. Per clause 10.8.14.3, the reference
voltage change, as a result of the 1000 hour test, was less than the allowed 5%. In
addition, the partial discharge measured at the completion of the test was less than the
allowed 10pc.
Test Conclusions
The PVN IEC Class 3 arrester design successfully passed the 1000 hour salt fog weather
ageing test, as defined in IEC 60099-4 standard.
-2-