DOI 10.4010/2016.1093
ISSN 2321 3361 © 2016 IJESC
Research Article
Volume 6 Issue No. 4
Design and Programming for Single Phase Induction Motor
Shashank Shekhar1, Shivchandra Kumar2, Shishir Kumar Anand3, Santosh Kumar Duve4, Prasanna D.Bharadwaj5
UG Scholar1, 2, 3, 4, Associate Professor 5
Department of Electrical Engineering
Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University College of Engineering Pune, India
shivchandra.kumar75@gmail.com2, pdbharadwaj@bvucoep.edu.in5
Abstract:
The optimal design for single-phase induction motor in manufacturing process is done. The purpose of design is to obtain the
dimensions and electrical particulars of a given machine to satisfy a given set of specifications covering the starting characteristics
to output ratings. The optimally designed motor is compared with an existing motor having the similar rating. Various variable
inputs can be fed like Rated output in W or K.W, Rated Voltage V, Rated current A, Rated speed r.p.m, Efficiency, Power-factor.
The program will provide calculated outputs as per the customer requirements like Main Winding Current, I, Area of Each End
Ring, Ae, Width of Stator Slot, Wos, Total Leakage Reactance, XTlm, Stator Slot Pitch, Yss. C language is used for developing a
competent program. The flow chart of the entire design procedure has been provided. The prime goal of this project is to provide
compatible design parameters of any single phase induction motor.
Keywords: Single phase Induction Motor , design , calculation , generic programming.
INTRODUCTION
Today, single-phase induction motors are used in a wide
range of applications. Single-phase induction motors are
used in small loads from fridges, water pumps, fans, washing
machines. Most domestic applications use only one line, this
therefore makes single-phase induction motors the most
suitable for these applications. A design package is
developed for a fractional horse power single phase
induction motor using standard formulae.. A single-phase
squirrel-cage type induction motor with specifications 0.25
hp,230V, 4 pole,1500 r.p.m. 68%efficiency, 65%power
factor is selected. The output parameters obtained are ;
Diameter of insulated conductor, Resistance of main
winding, length of air gap, length of skewed rotor bar, rotor
resistance, magnetizing reactance, Amended value of Tm,
Flux density in the stator teeth.
It required considerable amount of time to find output
parameter using manual design calculation. To save time and
avoid complex calculation, we have developed a programme
algorithm using c language. The flow chart is also provided
to easily understand the various design steps,the algoritham
steps and mathematical formulae used in the final calculation
of single phase induction motor.
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF SINGLE PHASE
INDUCTION Motor
When supply is given to single phase induction motor, its
stator winding produces alternating flux. An alternating
flux acting on a stationary squirrel cage rotor cannot
produce rotation so a single phase induction motor is not a
self starting.Single phase induction motor works on the
principle of double field revolving theory. Alternating
sinusoidal flux represent two revolving fluxes, both
component fluxes are in opposite in direction and rotate at
Ns = 120f / P.
DESIGN PROCEDURE
Main Dimensions
We take some suitable value of L/ which depends on
application of motor
The suitable value of
is taken on the basis of watts
per r.p.s value.
Using these information we get calculated diameter.Then we
chose nearest size available from standard stamping table.
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STATOR DESIGN
i) Number of turns in main winding:
Stator induced voltage E= 4.44fϕmTmKwm
Where Tm = number of turns in the running winding, Kwm=
winding factor for the running winding. Number of turns in
the running winding
Where, фm = flux per pole
ф = flux density x slots per pole x x
Wb
The number of turns per series pole for the main
(running) winding= Tmp
ii) Running Winding Conductors Current carried by each
running winding conductor
Irated=hpx0.746/Vηcosϕ
Efficiency and power factor for single phase motors
Area of running winding conductor am = Imδ Where δ is the
current density in Amps/mm2 Conductor size for the running
winding can be calculated as follows- Therefore area of
running winding conductor
= IRatedδ
Diameter size of running winding conductor d=
¡¡¡)Starting winding
The stating winding is designed for maximum torque per
ampere of starting current.To calculate starting torque and
current,the rotor resistance is increased by 17.5% to take into
account the skin effect.
Therefore,total resistance in terms of main winding
Rm=rsm+1.175 r’rm at 20 .
 Total impedance at 20 Zm=
 Auxiliary winding reactance Xla=Xlm/((Is/Ism)^21)
 Resistance
of
auxiliary
winding
Ra=(Rm+Zm(Is/Ism))/((Is/Ism)^2-1)
 Auxiliary
winding
conductor
section
aa=

Diameter of bare conductor =

In capacitor start method reactance of the capacitor
Xc=Xla+((Ra*Rm)/(Zm+Xlm))
CALCULATION
Specification :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
0.25 HP
1 Phase
50 Hz
230 V
1450 rpm
2.253 Amp
4 pole
Starting Torque
Pull out Torque
Efficiency 61 %
Power Factor 59 %
Resistance start and capacitance
start Induction Motor
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MAIN DIMENSIONS
ASSUMPTION:
 Co
= 12.2
For watt/rps = 7.46 from Table
 L/Tp = 1 , for overall good design
Calculated Value
D2L = 611.475
D = 3.6 Inch
Choosing nearest size available from the standard stamping
table
i.e. 138 M of G.K.W. for which D = 3.5Inch = 8.9 cm for
required D2L , L = 7.72 cm.
STATOR DESIGN
ASSUMPTION:
 Stacking factor = 0.95
 Flux density in stator teeth = 1.1 wb/
 Kw main = 0.8
 Stator induced EMF = 0.95 v
 Main winding current density = 4 A/mm
 Resistivity of conductor material at 75 c = 0.021 Ω
m and at 20 c= 0.017 Ωm
 3 coil per pole
RESULT:
 28 Stator slot with parallel sided teeth and tapred
slots
 Wts = 0.1425 inch = 0.362 cm = width of stator
teeth
 DO = OUTER Diameter = 13.81 cm
 Depth of stator slots = 0.573 inch =1.455cm
 Flux density in stator core = 1.39
 Number of turns in main winding = 606
 Turns in series per pole = 152
 Therefor amended value of Tm = 4×152 = 608
 3 Coile per pole having 30 , 54 and 68 turns for
sinusoidal flux distribution
 Conductor = 0.56mm
 Calculated diameter of main winding conductor =
0.3466mm
 Available standard size of conductor = 0.85mm
 Diameter for insulated conductor = 0.912mm
 Slot space factor = 0.4038<0.5
 Lmt = 29.426cm
 Resistance of main winding at 20°c = 6.62Ω and at
75°c = 5.36Ω
ROTOR DESIGN:
According to selected stamping Rotor outer diameter = 3.5inch = 8.9cm
 Rotor inner diameter = 3inch/4 = 1.9cm
 Number of slots = 20 which are closed
type rectangular slot
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Results Length of air gap = 0.3mm(by empirical formula)
 To give air gap of 0.3mm rotor diameter = 8.84cm
 Area of rotor slots = 0.28cm2 and area of rotor bars =
24mm2
 Total stator copper section = 690mm2
 Area of end rings = 38.2mm2
 End rings depth = 8mm(according to availability) and
end rings thickness = 4.8mm
 End rings enner diameter = 7.1cm
 End rings outer diameter = 8.7cm and mean diameter
= 7.9cm
 Gap extension coefficient for stator , Kgss = 1.118
and for rortor , Kgsr = 1.036
Kg =
1.118×1.036 = 1.158
 Length of skewed rotor bar = 7.84cm
 Rotor resistance = 9.76Ω at 75°c and 7.9Ω at 20°c
STARTING WINDING :
(a) FOR RESISTANCE SPLIT PHASE
 Auxiliary winding reactance Xla = 21.9
 Average Lmt for auxiliary winding =
35.124cm
 No. of turns in series = 456







Resistance of auxiliary winding =
49.209Ω
Diameter of base conductor = 0.28mm
(available)
Impedance of auxiliary winding under
locked rotor = 53.88Ω
Auxiliary winding locked rotor current =
4.27A
Current density in auxiliary winding =
67.025 A/mm2
Starting torque = 1.88 N-M
Starting torque/Full load torque = 1.15
(b) FOR CAPACITANCE START
 Capacitance of capacitor = 92.29 µF
 Starting torque = 4.307 N-M = 264 % of
full load torque
 Auxiliary winding impedance = 50.79Ω
 Locked rotor current of auxiliary winding =
4.528 Amp
 Current density in auxiliary winding =
71.08 A/mm2
 Starting current = 9.76 Amp = 4.2×full
load current.
We have done programming in C language using the
formulae and optimum results obtained by
manual calculation.The flowchart is as follows-
FLOWCHART
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CONCLUSION
The result obtained from the output of programme is almost
equal to the manual calculation.
This programme will be used by students to get instant
calculated resuls for design of single phase induction motor
International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, April 2016
The screen shot of the above said programme has been
included to easily understand the input and output results
which is approximate manual calculation.
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REFERENCES
[1] M. V.K, Principles of Electrical Machines, India: S. Chand, 2002.
[2] T. a. Chand, A Text Book of Electrical Technology, India : S. Chand , 2005.
[3] F. A. S. U. Charles K., Electric Machinery, New York: Mc Graw Hill, 2003.
[4] J. B., Electrical and Electronic Principles and Technology, New York: Oxford , 2003.
[5] A. R.K., Principles of Electrical Machine Design, India: S.K. karataria &Son, 2007.
Shashank Shekhar
B.Tech student
Electrical Engineering
BVDUCOEP
Santosh Kumar Duve
B.Tech student
Electrical Engineering
BVDUCOEP
Shivchandra Kumar
B.Tech student
Electrical Engineering
BVDUCOEP
Shishir kumar Anand
B.Tech student
Electrical Engineering
BVDUCOEP
Prasanna D.Bharadwaj
Associate Professor
Electrical Engineering
BVDUCOEP
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