Timelines of World History ● From Big Bang to the Imperial History of Persia
Formation of the Universe
Large volumes of matter collapse to form galaxies
and under gravity form groups, clusters and superclusters.
Galaxies are being form
13100 Ma
13600 Ma
Stars are
being form
Devonian
First creature
takes a breath
of air
420 Ma
Plants colonize the land
450 Ma
Emergence of complex life
in the oceans
541 Ma
5 Ma = 5 million years ago
20
20
10
10
0
0
19
Carboniferous
Permian
521 Ma
First trilobites
485 Ma
First jawless fish
10
21
0
0
28
20
10
23
Late-D
70%
1.977 - 1.98 Ma
2.3 - 1.2 Ma
Australopithecus
Paranthropus Sediba
Boisei
Southern Africa
Eastern Africa
137 cm, 124 cm
49 kg, 34 kg
2 Ma - 600 ka
Homo
Gautengensis
Southern Africa
91 cm
50 kg
10
Earliest
bipedals
around 6 Ma
7 - 6 Ma
Sahelanthropus
Tchadensis
5.8 - 5.2 Ma
West-Central Ardipithecus
Africa
Kadabba
320 - 380 cm3 Eastern Africa
Used the earliest stone tools
2.7 - 2.3 Ma
Paranthropus
20
Aethiopicus
Eastern Africa
10
4.2 - 3.9 Ma
0 Australopithecus
3.5 Anamensis
Eastern Africa
The earliest composite tool,
a stone-tipped spears
Proto-Elamite
Empires/
dynasties:
Proto-Elamite ‫ﯾﻼﻣﯽ‬#-‫ﺶ‬-‫ﭘ‬
20 years ago
Tablet with numeric signs
and script from Susa
Early Elamite kings
‫ﯾﻼﻣﯽ‬# $‫ﺎ‬8‫ﻦ ﺷﺎ‬-‫ﻧﺨﺴﺘ‬
Historical
Periods:
A monstrous giant of
immemorial age, raised
by Utu, the Sun god
2700 - 2680 BC
The first king of
Awan dynasty
166
153
language with words
“Hobbit”
Lived when:
Genus:
Species:
Lived where:
Adult hight (m/f):
Adult weight (m/f):
Brain size:
95 - 17 ka
Homo
Floresiensis
East Asia
106 cm (female)
30 kg (female)
400 cm3
5.8
125 ka
Homo sapiens migrate
from Africa to Near East
Kutian $‫ﺎ‬-‫ﮐﻮﺗ‬
Silver cup with linearElamite inscription
‫ﯾﺮﻟﻪ ﮔﺐ‬
Yerlehgab
2201-2187 BC
Seleucid $‫ﺎ‬-‫ﺳﻠﻮﮐ‬
2325 BC
Hishep-Ratep II
‫َﺗﭗ‬K ‫ﺸﭗ‬-8
D
"‫ﺧﺴﺮ‬
Osroes
109 - 129 AC
Phraates IV
37 - 2 BC 172
285M
330 - 323 BC
190M
Alexander the Great
invaded the
Achaemenid Empire
170
156
522 - 486 BC
Darius Y‫ﯾﻮ‬K#:
ruled the
empire to
its peak
222 - 187 BC
Antiochus III
Gold Daric
+‫ ﺳﻮ‬Z‫ﻮﺧﻮ‬-‫!ﻧﺘ‬
12 - 35 AC
171 - 138 BC
Artabanus III
Mithridates :#:‫ﺮ‬G‫ﻣ‬
+‫ ﺳﻮ‬$#":K#
established the Parthian
Empire by seizing territories
from the Seleucids
:‫ﮔﺮ‬:‫ ﯾﺰ‬Yazdegerd
Ardashir ‫ﺮ‬-‫ﺷ‬:K#
overthrowed the
399 - 420 AC
Parthian and founded
the Sasanian Empire
224 - 242 AC
Ardashir is receiving the
Kingship's ring from Ahuramazda
Parthian gold jewelry
147 - 191 AC
Vologases IV
A bronze statue of a
Parthian nobleman
+K‫ﺎ‬G‫ ﭼ‬Y‫َﺑﻼ‬
20
100 Ma
First bees
10
0
10
15 Ma
0
17
35 Ma Great apes
appear
Grasslands appear.
2.58 Ma
Dogs, eagles, and
Homo genus
63 Ma
hawks
evolve
First creodonts
20 (humans) evolves
80 Ma
First ants
23
115 Ma
First monotremes
309 - 379 AC
+": K‫ ﺷﺎﭘﻮ‬Shapur II
had the longest reigning monarch.
He is the only king in history
to becrowned in utero
Tr-J
72.5%
26
10
K-Pg
75%
155 Ma
First birds
0
20
The last
200.000 years
Neolithic
Upper Paleolithic (Late Stone Age)
Earliest example
of symbolic art
70 ka
Extinction of
homo erectus
60 ka
10
0
4
Blombos Cave
in southern Africa
Cave of Altamira
in northern Spain 0.55M
Venus of
Hohle Fels
0.6M
70 ka
Migration of homo
sapiens from the Near
East to South Asia
0.8M
0
10
1.8
6.6
Homo erectus Neanderthals Homo sapiens
in Indonasia
in Europe
in Afro-Asia
(New Stone Age)
The last Neanderthal dies
Writing is invented in Sumer,
Oldest known pottery
7M
triggering the beginning of history
28
ka
Oldest known
5.5 ka
20
First colonization
of North America
human figure
25 ka
10
First farming settlements
35 ka
6.8M
20
0
7.2 ka
10
-0.8
20
Homo sapiens reach Europe
and replace Neanderthals
40 ka
20
0
consisting of:
50 ka
Homo sapiens
spread from
Asia to Australia
64 ka
First use of
bow and arrow
6 ka
8.8
26 ka
4M
Use of fibers to make baby carriers, Civilizations
35 ka
develop in
Dogs are first
clothes, bags, baskets, and nets
40 ka
Mesopotamia
Median
Average
domesticated
177 adult hight
35.4 lifespan
28 ka 30.0 (years) M/F 166 (cm) M/F
Oldest known
170
33.6
155
29.8
cave paintings
Needles and saws are invented
14M
20
Venus of
Dolní
Věstonice
0.7M
0.5M
6M
0
Middle Elamite
36.5
31.4
27M
Epartid ‫َﭘﺮﺗﯽ‬#ِ
Kidinuid ‫ﺪﯾﻨﻮ‬-‫ﮐ‬
Igehalkid ‫ﻠﮑﯽ‬8
َ ‫ﯾﮕﻪ‬#
‫ﻮﻧﺘﻪ‬G‫ﺮ َﻧ‬-‫ﮐﻮﺗ‬
166
154
H"‫ﺮ"ﮐﺪ‬-‫ﺷ‬
‫ﻮﺷﻮ‬8 ‫َﺗﻪ‬#َ
Atta-hushu
1928 - 1895 BC
10
0
15
Shirukduh
1790 BC
Start of
‫ﻣﺘَﻠﺖ‬
َ ‫ﮏ‬-‫ﮐﻮﺗ‬
Kutir-Nahhunte
Iron Age
Kutik-Matlat
1710 BC
in Persia
The last king of Epartid
two horned figure
1500 BC Awrestling
with goddess
39.6
32.6
167
155
Neo-Elamite
Shutruk-Nahhunte ‫ﻮﻧﺘﻪ‬8‫ ﻧﺎ‬o"‫ﺷﻮﺗﺮ‬
K‫"ﺳﻮ‬# ‫ﭘَﻠﻪ‬#َ ‫ﺘﯽ‬-‫ﻣﺮﺑ‬
َ
Elamite empire reached
Mar-biti-apla-usur
the height of its power
983 - 978 BC
1185 - 1155 BC A lapis lazuli dove, 50M
A statue in bronze
shows a religious
ceremony is Susa
1530 BC
‫ﺪﯾﻨﻮ‬-‫ ﮐ‬Kidinu
+‫ ﺳﻮ‬K‫ ﻧﺸﻮ‬o‫ﮐﻮ‬
The founder of
Kidinuid dynasty
studded with
gold pegs
Inshushinak, the
protector deity
of Susa
1340 -1330 BC ‫ﺮﯾﺸﺎ‬-‫ ﻧﺎﭘ‬Y‫"ﻧﺘﺎ‬#
Untash-Napirisha
founded and built the
city Chogha Zanbil and its
famous temple, Ziggurat
Stele of Untash Napirisha
Medes ‫ﺎ‬8:‫ﻣﺎ‬
H‫ﻮ"ﺧﺸﺘﺮ‬8 Cyaxares the Great
39.0
30.9
167
155
Median empire became a regional power
694 - 675 BC
‫ﻨﮏ‬-‫ﯾﻦ ﺷﻮﺷ‬# ‫ﻠﻮﺷﻮ‬8
Hallushu-Inshushinak
occupied Babylon
699 - 693 BC
$‫ﻮﻣﺒﺎ‬8
Babylonian stele usurped by an
Elamite king in 12th century BC
1646 BC
Kuk-Nashur III
Humban-Tahrid
Hَ‫ﺮ‬Gَ‫ ﺗ‬$‫ﻮﻣﺒﺎ‬8
Shutrukid ‫ﺷﻮﺗﺮ"ﮐﯽ‬
serpents, from Jiroft
Umayyad
$‫ﻣﻮﯾﺎ‬#
Saffarid $‫ﯾﺎ‬K‫ﺻﻔﺎ‬
Abassid
$‫ﺎ‬-‫ﻋﺒﺎﺳ‬
Samanid
Buyid ‫ ﺑﻮﯾﻪ‬9!
$‫ﺎ‬-‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧ‬
46.2
37.3
203M
198M
Tahirid
$‫ﺮﯾﺎ‬8‫ﺎ‬Q
Ghaznavids $‫ﻏﺰﻧﻮﯾﺎ‬
Muawiyah ‫ﻣﻌﺎ"ﯾﻪ‬
A Buyid
founded the Umayyad dynasty
300M
soldier
661 - 680 AC
Tahir ‫ﺮ‬8‫ﺎ‬Q
+
"
:
"
‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺴ‬
‫ﺧ‬
‫ﻟﺪ"ﻟﻪ‬#:‫ﻋﻤﺎ‬
Khosrau II
^‫ ﺳﻔﺎ‬Saffah First independence 233M
Imad al-Dawla
632 - 651 AC
The first caliph from caliph ‫ﻞ‬-‫ﺳﻤﺎﻋ‬# Isam’il
founded the
+‫ ﺳﻮ‬:‫ﮔﺮ‬:‫ ﯾﺰ‬of the Abbasid 821 - 822 AC founded the
Buyid dynasty
Yazdegerd III
Samanids 867 - 879 AC
750 - 754 AC
632 - 651 AC Yazid ‫ﯾﺰﯾﺪ‬
empire
892 - 907 AC
680 - 683 AC
Sasanian Plate
depicting Khosrau
100M
20
201 Ma
The largest dinosaurs evolve
0
Approximated population of
major human kinds (M = million)
0.25M
Apes appear
28 Ma
20
10
Simashki ‫ﻤﺎﺷﮑﯽ‬-‫ﺳ‬
Sasanian $‫ﺎ‬-‫ﺳﺎﺳﺎﻧ‬
223M
Tyrannosaurus rex evolves
68 Ma
694 - 675 BC
Y‫ﺎﻟﺘﺎ‬8
‫ﯾﺎﮐﻮ‬: Deioces
+‫ﺳﻮ‬
The first king of the Medes 648 - 644 BC
Humban-Haltash III
Inscription of
Assyrian occupied Susa
Shilhak-Inshushinak
and Elamite empire dismantled
‫ﻨﮏ‬-‫ﯾﻨﺸﻮﺷ‬# ‫ﮏ‬G‫ﻠ‬-‫ﺷ‬
1150 - 1120 BC
Shilhak-Inshushinak
expanded the empire
and seized Babylon
2564
years
38.8 169
34.2 158
41.9
38.0
28
First flowering plants
130 Ma
0
20
0.1M
The earliest stone
tools
2.6 Ma
10
225 Ma
First dinosaurs and
teleosti evolve
Rashidun ‫ﺷﺪﯾﻦ‬#K O‫ﺧﻠﻔﺎ‬
156
Sahelanthropus genus evolves
First primate evolve
and becomes bipedal
60 Ma
7 Ma
20
0
7.5
1.15M
Neogene
10
First salamanders
170 Ma 20
Quaternary
Paleogene
Snakes and
ticks evolve
90 Ma
First crocodilians and flies
220 Ma
First turtles and mammals
215 Ma
‫َﻨﮏ‬-‫ﯾﻦ ﺷﻮﺷ‬# ‫ﮏ‬-‫ﮐﻮﺗ‬
2100 BC
Kutik-Inshushinak
Governor of Susa, who united
most of Elam into one kingdom
2256-2251 BC
‫ﺰﯾﺮ‬-‫ﯾﺪ"ﭘ‬K# Iridopizier
The first king of Kutian dynasty
Vologases Y‫َﺑﻼ‬
51 - 78 AC
Cretaceous
Old Elamite
Lurak-Luhhan $‫ﺎ‬8‫ ﻟﻮ‬o#K‫ﻟﻮ‬
2028 - 2022 BC
Statue of
goddess
Narundi
dedicated by
KutikInshushinak
Parthian (Arsacid) ($‫ﺎ‬-‫ﺷﮑﺎﻧ‬#) ‫ﺎ‬8L
‌ K‫ﭘﺎ‬
+K‫ﺎ‬G‫ ﭼ‬:‫ﺎ‬8‫ﻓﺮ‬
550 Ma
850 - 635 Ma First sponges,
Cryogenian, corals and sea
the 2nd ice age anemones
2650
years
Siom +‫ﺳﯽ ﺋﻮ‬
2155 - 2121 BC
Hita
2270 BC
‫ﯾﺸﮏ‬#K‫ﮐﻮ‬
Continents and oceans
Cenozoic
20
An approximated
10 average temperature
of the atmospheric
0
surface air in Celsius
17.1
Dynastic list of the kings
of Awan and Simashki
2550 BC
Kur-Ishshak
33.6
29.4
First ichthyosaurs
245 Ma
275 Ma
Therapsids evolve
20
Imperial period
The Cyrus cylinder,
Cyrus the Great Y"K‫ﮐﻮ‬
the oldest known
founded the Achaemenid Empire,
declaration of
human rights
the largest empire the world had
Seleucus Z‫ﺳﻠﻮﮐﻮ‬
yet seen, accounting
Mithridates II +": :#:‫ﺮ‬G‫ﻣ‬
Alexander’s general,
for 44% of the
123 - 88 BC
who
established
the
world’s population
Seleucid Empire
550 - 529 BC
330 - 323 BC
20 years ago
44.1
36.8
0
2500 BC
Statue of an Elamite
worshipper in gold
and bronze
Macedonia ‫ﻪ‬-‫ﻣﻘﺪ"ﻧ‬
Achaemenid $‫ﺎ‬-‫ﺨﺎﻣﻨﺸ‬8
(9"# $#‫ )ﺧﺎﻧﺪ‬$#"!
‫ ﭘﻠﯽ‬Peli
Approximated
33.1 median lifespan
29.2 in the world
(years) M/F
Relief of an elamite woman being fanned by an attendant
Approximated population
of the world (M = million)
“Neanderthal”
Awan (2nd period) (+": $#‫ )ﺧﺎﻧﺪ‬$#"!
‫ﻮﻣﺒﻪ ﺑﻪ‬8 Humbaba
Approximated
161 average adult
154 hight worldwide
(cm) M/F
Bronze age in Persia
Awan (1st period)
First sexually reproducing organisms
1200 Ma
First worms
700 Ma
The last 541
million years
Jurassic
Quaternary or the ice age
Earliest evidence of
the 5th (last) ice age starts,
personal adornment
and last to 12 ka
82 ka
20
110 ka
1 ka =
10
0 1000 years ago
10
300 - 125 ka
Homo
Rhodesiensis
Africa
1230 cm3
12
Awan (3rd period) (+‫ ﺳﻮ‬$#‫ )ﺧﺎﻧﺪ‬$#"!
The Guennol Lioness,
an 5,000-year-old Elamite figure
Empires/
dynasties:
1.89 Ma - 143 ka
Homo
Erectus
Africa & Asia
145 - 185 cm
40 - 68 kg
850 - 1100 cm3
170 ka
Humans start wearing clothes
Historical
Periods:
12.5M
2.4 - 1.4 Ma
Homo
20
Habilis
10 Eastern &
Southern Africa
0
100 - 135 cm
32 kg
0.8
510 - 660 cm3
from 200 ka
Homo
Sapiens
from Africa and
spread worldwide
178 cm, 163 cm
80 kg, 59 kg
950 - 1800 cm3
20
1.8 - 1.3 Ma
Homo
Ergaster
Buried deads
Eastern &
Southern Africa
20
189 cm (male) 1.8 - 1.2 Ma
10
700 - 1100 cm3 Paranthropus
Robustus
0
Southern Africa
120 cm, 100 cm 2.6
54 kg, 40 kg
Controlled fire
200 - 40 ka
Homo
Neanderthalensis
Europe, West-Central Asia
164 cm, 155 cm
65 kg, 54 kg
1200 - 1900 cm3
700 - 200 ka
Homo
Heidelbergensis
Europe, S&E Africa, E Asia
175 cm, 157 cm
62 kg, 51 kg
1100 - 1400 cm3
es
i
200 ka
“Handy Man”
1.9 - 1.8 Ma
Homo
Rudolfensis
Eastern Africa
700 cm3
1.2 Ma - 800 ka
Homo
Antecessor
Europe
160 - 180 cm
90 kg (male)
1000 - 1150 cm3
Am
3.3 - 2.1 Ma
Australopithecus
Africanus
Southern Africa
138 cm, 115 cm
41 kg, 31 kg
by
around 4.4 Ma
Ardipithecus
Ramidus
Eastern Africa
120 cm
50 kg
3.85 - 2.95 Ma
Australopithecus
Afarensis
Eastern Africa
151 cm, 105 cm
42 kg, 29 kg
< 500 cm3
Neoproterozoic
MesoPaleozoic
zoic
A virus that infects
and replicates
within a bacterium
10
gn
6.2 - 5.8 Ma
Orrorin
Tugenensis
Eastern
Africa
30 - 50 kg
“Ardi”
8
0
Middle Paleolithic (Middle Stone Age)
20
0
10
320 Ma
Synapsids and reptiles evolve
21
periods in the technology
development of human prehistory:
Homo sapiens
(modern humans)
appear in
Eastern Africa how?:
195 ka
330 Ma
First amniotes
20
0
O-S
65%
0
P-Tr
93%
Beetles evolve
300 Ma
Karoo, the 4th ice age
360 - 260 Ma
360 Ma
Crabs and ferns
10
450 Ma
Arthropods colonise the land
20
Continents and oceans
20
419 Ma
First insects
Mesoproterozoic
2100 Ma 1850 Ma
The first multicellular Bacterial viruses
organisms emerge
First stegosaurs
176 Ma
Permian–Triassic mass extinction
(P-Tr, in short) in which 93% of
all species went extinct
20
460 - 430 Ma
Andean-Saharan,
the 3rd ice age
Triassic
Large sharks, ratfish and hagfish Diapsids evolve
350 Ma
305 Ma
First of many modern groups,
including tetrapods
395 Ma
27
10
Human Prehistory
ur
.c
om
Silurian
hi
po
Ordovician
Cenozoic
Mesozoic
ad
eg
History of Evolution
Cambrian
Paleoproterozoic
2500 Ma
Earth's atmosphere starts
to become oxygenic
3460 Ma
The first
bacteria
4533 Ma
Earth-Moon system
is being formed
Paleozoic
NeoarchMesoarchean
ean
A 58 km asteroid leaves a hole almost 480 km across
The earliest evidence for life
3260 Ma
4250 Ma
Ur, a supercontinent is being formed
Bombardment of the Moon
3000 Ma
and the Earth by asteroids
Huronian, the 1st ice age
3920 Ma
2400 - 2100 Ma
The Sun is being formed
4567 Ma
Phanerozoic
Proterozoic
Paleoarchean
4450 Ma
Oceans start to form
pockets of gas become more dense and
start to collapse under their own gravity,
becoming hot to trigger nuclear fusion
Geologic
Periods:
Archean
Eoarchean
A supernova explosion
4570 Ma
8800 Ma
The Milky Way is being formed
Geologic
Eras:
Ancient History of Persia
A supernova explosion seeds
our galactic neighborhood
with heavy elements that will
be incorporated into the Earth
The first sunlike star
9000 Ma
100 Ma = 100 million years ago
Hadean
Geologic
Eras:
irS
Universe History
Big Bang
13798 Ma
Imperial History of Persia
Geologic
Eons:
531 - 579 AC
$#"‫ﺮ‬-‫ﻧﻮﺷ‬# (Khosrau) Anushirawan
The most celebrated Sasanian
king who reigned the Empire to
its peak of glory and prosperity
656 - 661 AC
222M
170
Ali ‫ﻋﻠﯽ‬
155
the cousin and son-in-law
of the prophet Muhammad 867 - 879 AC
651 - 656 AC
Uthman $‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎ‬
ruled Persia after
overthrowed Yazdegerd III
b‫ ﯾﻌﻘﻮ‬Ya’qub
founded the
Saffarid dynasty
in Sistan
Medieval Period
Seljuq $‫ﺎ‬-‫ﺳﻠﺠﻮﻗ‬
Khwarazmian
$‫ﺎ‬-8‫ﻣﺸﺎ‬VK#‫ﺧﻮ‬
Ilkhanate
$‫ﯾﻠﺨﺎﻧﺎ‬#
Timurid $‫ﯾﺎ‬K‫ﻤﻮ‬-‫ﺗ‬
Timur K‫ﻤﻮ‬-‫ﺗ‬
A Turko-Mongol
405M
conqueror, who
The bloody Hulagu Khan $‫ﻮﻻﮐﻮﺧﺎ‬8
founded the
Tughril 9‫ﻐﺮ‬Q
massacre of A Mongol ruler who
Timurid dynasty
founded the
Genghis khan conquered Persia
Seljuq Empire
1370 - 1405 AC
$‫ﺰﺧﺎ‬-‫ﭼﻨﮕ‬
and founded the
1037 - 1063 AC
Ilkhanate Empire
1256 - 1265 AC
362M
443M
+‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺳﻮ‬
310M
998 - 1030 AC
:‫ ﻣﺤﻤﻮ‬Mahmud
founded the
Ghaznavids
empire
Early Modern Era
Muzaffarids $‫ﻣﻈﻔﺮﯾﺎ‬
Ismaili ‫ﻪ‬-‫ﻠ‬-‫ﺳﻤﺎﻋ‬#
1127 - 1156 AC
‫ﺗﺴﺰ‬# ‫ﻟﺪﯾﻦ‬#‫ ﻋﻼء‬Atsiz
declared
independence
from the Seljuq
and founded
Khwarazmian
562M
482M
‫ﻟﺪﯾﻦ‬# VK‫ﻣﺒﺎ‬
396M
1221 - 1255 AC 1314 - 1358 AC
Muhammad III Mubariz al-Din
ruled the Shiite
founded the
Ismaili state,
Muzaffarid
founded by
dynasty
Hasan-i Sabbah
in 1090 AD in
Alamut Castle
Zand
‫ﻧﺪﯾﻪ‬V
Safavid ‫ﺻﻔﻮﯾﻪ‬
Abbās the Great Z‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬
The greatest ruler
of the Safavids
1587 - 1629 AC
1314 - 1358 AC
1501 - 1524 AC
Shahrukh h‫ﺮ‬8‫ ﺷﺎ‬Isma’il ‫ﻞ‬-‫ﺳﻤﺎﻋ‬#
The youngest
founded the
son of Timur.
Safavid dynasty
His wife,
Gowwhar Shād, funded
the construction of
outstanding mosques
33.9 172
28.5 158
Modern Era
Afsharid $‫ﯾﺎ‬K‫ﻓﺸﺎ‬#
640M
‫ﯾﻨﯽ‬: ‫ﺖ‬-‫ﺣﺎﮐﻤ‬
Qajar ‫ﯾﻪ‬K‫ﻗﺎﺟﺎ‬
Pahlavi
O‫ﻠﻮ‬G‫ﭘ‬
Theocracy
Agha Muḥammad ‫ﻨﯽ !ﻗﺎ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬-‫ ﺧﻤ‬Khomeini
founded the The religious leader of
Iranian Revolution
Qajar dynasty
1979 - 1989 AC
1794 - 1797 AC
Nader K:‫ﻧﺎ‬
founded the
Afsharid dynasty
1736 - 1747 AC
1700M
‫ﺿﺎ‬K ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
Mohammad Reza 5700M
The last king of Iran 71.0 174
1941 - 1979 AC 78.5 163
40.0
38.4
170
1722 - 1725 AC
158
1797
1834
AC
2500M
:‫ ﻣﺤﻤﻮ‬Mahmud
Fath-Ali ‫ﻓﺘﺤﻌﻠﯽ‬
An Afghan ruler
lost some northern
1925 - 1941 AC
who briefly ruled
regions to Imperial Russia ‫ﺿﺎ‬K Reza Shah
Persia
founded the Pahlavi
1750 - 1779 AC 407M
‌ ‫ﮐﺮﯾ‬
Karim khan ‫ﻢ‬
founded the $‫ﺧﺎ‬
Zand dynasty
dynasty
1848 - 1896 AC
Naser al-Din ‫ﻟﺪﯾﻦ‬#‫ﻧﺎﺻﺮ‬
The first Persian monarch
who ever write his diaries
Nov. 2014 © All rights reserved by Amir Sadeghipour (Email: amir@gmx.com / Web: www.amirsadeghipour.com), except for the used images as credited as follows ● Image credits: ● NASA/SDO ● Images under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license: ● “Changyuraptor” by user Emily Willoughby, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Changyuraptor.jpg ● “Cyrus Cylinder” by user Mike Peel (www.mikepeel.net), available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cyrus_Cylinder.jpg ● Images under a CC BY-SA 3.0 license: ● “Mushroom Coral (Fungia) Top Macro 91” by user Jon Zander, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mushroom_Coral_(Fungia)_Top_Macro_91.JPG ● “Crux (Southern Cross) from Hobart, Tasmania” by user Edoddridge, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Crux_(Southern_Cross)_from_Hobart,_Tasmania.jpg ● “Araeoscelis” by user Smokeybjb, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Araeoscelis.jpg ● “Asteracea poster 3” by user Alvesgaspar, Tony Wills, available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Asteracea_poster_3.jpg ● “Drawing-1” by user Bugboy52.40, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Drawing-1.png ● “Arandaspis NT”, “Aegyptopithecus NT” and “Plesiadapis NT” by user Nobu Tamura, available at http://
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arandaspis_NT.jpg, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aegyptopithecus_NT.jpg and http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Plesiadapis_NT.jpg ● Mollglobe images by Ron Blakey, NAU Geology, available at http://cpgeosystems.com/paleomaps.html ● “Homo erectus” and “Homo habilis” by user Lillyundfreya, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Homo_erectus.JPG and http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Homo_habilis.JPG ● “Insect collage” by user Bugboy52.40, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Insect_collage.png ● “Marasuchus” and “Morganucodon” by user FunkMonk, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marasuchus.jpg and http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Morganucodon.jpg ● “Barnsley fern plotted with VisSim” by user DSP-user, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Barnsley_fern_plotted_with_VisSim.PNG ● “Archaeopteryx lithographica” by user Ballista, available at https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Archaeopteryx_lithographica.JPG ● “Florida Box Turtle Digon3” bu user Digon3, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Florida_Box_Turtle_Digon3.jpg ● “MEH Homo rhodesiensis portrait” by user Nachosan, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/
File:MEH_Homo_rhodesiensis_portrait.jpg ● “Blombos Cave marine shell beads” by Marian Vanhaeren & Christopher S. Henshilwood, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blombos_Cave_marine_shell_beads.jpg ● “Aiguille os 246.1 Perspective” by user Didier Descouens, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aiguille_os_246.1_Perspective.jpg ● “Blombos Cave engrave ochre” by Chris. S. Henshilwood, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blombos_Cave_engrave_ochre.jpg ● “Chaos Monster and Sun God” by user Georgelazenby, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.png ● “Elam cool” available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Elam_cool.jpg ● “Two horned elam” by user Zereshk, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Two_horned_elam.jpg ● “Elamite worshipper” by user Amir85, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Elamite_worshipper.jpg ● “Alexander the Great-British Museum” by user Yair Haklai, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alexander_the_Great-British_Museum.jpg ● “Alī” and Uthman” by user Ibrahim ebi, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Al%C4%AB.png and http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Uthman.png ●
“ArdashirIGoldCoinHistoryofIran”, “ArtabanusIIIParthiaCoinHistoryofIran”, “KhosrauICoinHistoryofIran”, “KhosrauIIDinarHistoryofIran”, “MithridatesIParthiaCoinHistoryofIran”, “OsroesICoinHistoryofIran”, “PhraatesIVCoinHistoryofIran”, “TahiribnHusaynCoinHistoryofIran”, “TughrilCoin”, “VologasesICoinHistoryofIran”, “VologasesIV”, “YazdegerdICoinHistoryofIran” and “YazdegerdIIICoinCroppedHistoryofIran” by user Classical Numismatic Group (http://www.cngcoins.com) (under GNU Free Documentation License), available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ArdashirIGoldCoinHistoryofIran.jpg, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ArtabanusIIIParthiaCoinHistoryofIran.jpg, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KhosrauICoinHistoryofIran.jpg, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KhosrauIIDinarHistoryofIran.jpg, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MithridatesIParthiaCoinHistoryofIran.jpg, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:OsroesICoinHistoryofIran.jpg, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PhraatesIVCoinHistoryofIran.jpg, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TahiribnHusaynCoinHistoryofIran.jpg, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TughrilCoin.jpg, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:VologasesICoinHistoryofIran.jpg, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:VologasesIV.jpg,
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:YazdegerdICoinHistoryofIran.jpg and http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:YazdegerdIIICoinCroppedHistoryofIran.jpg ● “Darius In Parse” by user ‫ی‬$ $ $ $ $ $ ‫ان‬$ $ $ $ $ $ ‫اوی‬$ $ $ $ $ $ ‫ش ک‬$ $ $ $ $ $ ‫درف‬, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Darius_In_Parse.JPG ● “Khusro Plate” by user Joseph Smith, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Khusro_Plate.png ● “Shahruch reconstruction” by user Shakko, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shahruch_reconstruction.jpg ● “Shapur” by Gasponi, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shapur.jpg ● Images under a CC BY 3.0 license: ● “Grippia1DB”, “Diplodocus carng1DB”, “Patriofelis22DB” and “Edops craigi12DB” by user Dmitry Bogdanov, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Grippia1DB.jpg, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diplodocus_carng1DB.jpg, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Patriofelis22DB.jpg and http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edops_craigi12DB.jpg ● “CeratopsianII BW” by user Nobu Tamura, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CeratopsianII_BW.jpg ● “Fledging Bald Eagle” by user KetaDesign, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fledging_Bald_Eagle.jpg ● “Eoraptor resto. 01” by user Conty, available at http://
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eoraptor_resto._01.png ● “Tiger shark” by user Albert kok, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tiger_shark.jpg ● “Australopithecus afarensis” available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Australopithecus_afarensis.JPG ● “Venus vom Hohlen Fels Original frontal” by user Thilo Parg, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Venus_vom_Hohlen_Fels_Original_frontal.jpg ● “Shiite Calligraphy symbolising Ali as Tiger of God” by user Ishvara7, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shiite_Calligraphy_symbolising_Ali_as_Tiger_of_God.png ● Images under a CC BY 2.5 license: ● “Brachiosaurus BW”, “Protosuchus BW”, “Mixosaurus BW”, “Hylonomus BW”, “Stegosaurus BW”, “Tiktaalik BW”, “Eusthenopteron BW”, “Acanthostega BW”, “Ichthyostega BW”, “Biarmosuchus BW” and “Estemmenosuchus BW” by user Nobu Tamura, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brachiosaurus_BW.jpg, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Protosuchus_BW.jpg, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mixosaurus_BW.jpg, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hylonomus_BW.jpg, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stegosaurus_BW.jpg, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tiktaalik_BW.jpg, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/
File:Eusthenopteron_BW.jpg, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Acanthostega_BW.jpg, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ichthyostega_BW.jpg, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Biarmosuchus_BW.jpg and http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Estemmenosuchus_BW.jpg ● “Archaeothyris BW” by user ArthurWeasley, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Archaeothyris_BW.jpg ● “God golden hand Louvre Sb2823”, “Statue Narundi Louvre Sb54-Sb6617” and “Dynastic list Awan Siwashi Louvre Sb17729” by user Jastrow, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:God_golden_hand_Louvre_Sb2823.jpg, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Statue_Narundi_Louvre_Sb54-Sb6617.jpg and http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dynastic_list_Awan_Siwashi_Louvre_Sb17729.jpg ● “Kaftar elam” by user Zereshk, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kaftar_elam.jpg ● “Economic tablet Susa Louvre Sb15439” by user Marie-Lan Nguyen, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Economic_tablet_Susa_Louvre_Sb15439.jpg ● “Naqsh i Rustam. Investiture d'Ardashir 1” by Photo Ginolerhino 2002 - Artaban V. Vers 230, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Naqsh_i_Rustam._Investiture_d%27Ardashir_1.jpg ● Images under a CC 2.5
license: ● “Vestonicka venuse edit” by Petr Novák, Wikipedia, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vestonicka_venuse_edit.jpg ● Images under a CC BY-SA 2.0 license: ● “Bacteriophage” by user AJ Cann, available at https://www.flickr.com/photos/ajc1/8280580667 ● “Homo neanderthalensis adult male”, “Sahelanthropus tchadensis adult male”, “Homo heidelbergensis adult male” and “Homo floresiensis adult female” by user Tim Evanson, available at https://www.flickr.com/photos/23165290@N00/7283199754, http://www.flickr.com/photos/23165290@N00/7283201268, http://www.flickr.com/photos/23165290@N00/7283200264 and http://www.flickr.com/photos/23165290@N00/7283199410 ● “Sit-Shamski bronze model from Susa 8872” by user Rama, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sit-Shamski_bronze_model_from_Susa_8872.jpg ● “Seleuco I Nicatore” available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Seleuco_I_Nicatore.JPG ● Images under a CC BY 2.0 license: ● “Fresh Crab” by user THOR, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fresh_Crab.jpg ● “Echidna” by user S J Bennett, available at https://www.flickr.com/photos/quollism/8470348736 ● “deer tick” by user usdagov, available at https://www.flickr.com/photos/usdagov/14859660247 ●
“Northern Two-lined Salamander Eurycea bislineata” and “Common Garter Snake - Thamnophis sirtalis” by user Brian Gratwicke, available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Northern_Two-lined_Salamander_Eurycea_bislineata.jpg and http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Common_Garter_Snake_-_Thamnophis_sirtalis.jpg ● “Paraceraurus exsul fossil trilobite” by user James St. John, available at https://www.flickr.com/photos/jsjgeology/15161039897 ● “Pueblo III Basket” by user grand_canyon_nps, availble at http://www.flickr.com/photos/grand_canyon_nps/6939482279 ● “Australopithecus Africanus” and “Paranthropus Boisei” by user Karen Neoh, available at https://www.flickr.com/photos/kneoh/11209448065 and https://www.flickr.com/photos/kneoh/11209564093 ● “Nerding out at the Museum of Natural History” by user Kate Harding, available at http://www.flickr.com/photos/52140243@N06/6846838357 ● "Siphoneae" in Ernst Haeckel in Kunstformen der Natur (1899 - 1904), available at http://www.biolib.de under GNU Free Documentation License 1.2 ● A photo of a sweater dating to the Iron Age, taken by Marianne Vedeler/University of Oslo ● “Ardipithecus ramidus” by Done by J.H. Matternes for the journal Science, under a Fair Use license, available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
File:Ardipithecus_ramidus.jpg ● All other images are copyright-free and in public domain ● References: ● Timeline of natural history, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_natural_history&oldid=632140462 ● The Physics of the Universe, http://www.physicsoftheuniverse.com/topics_bigbang_timeline.html ● Ice age, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ice_age&oldid=625648866 ● Human evolution, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Human_evolution&oldid=633504441 ● All webpages last visited Nov. 8, 2014 ● Extinction event, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinction_event&oldid=632746500 ● List of kings of Persia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_kings_of_Persia&oldid=629869534 ● ‫ران‬$ $ ‫ان ای‬$ $ ‫اه‬$ $ ‫ت ش‬$ $ ‫رس‬$ $ ‫فه‬, http://fa.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=‫ران‬$ $ ‫ان ای‬$ $ ‫اه‬$ $ ‫ت ش‬$ $ ‫رس‬$ $ ‫&فه‬oldid=13640373 ● Timeline of human prehistory, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_human_prehistory&oldid=632555635 ● Elam, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elam&oldid=632221845 ● Bintanja, R., & Van de Wal, R. S. W. (2008). North American ice-sheet dynamics and the onset of 100,000-year glacial cycles. Nature, 454(7206), 869-872 ● Biraben, J.-N. (2006). The history of the human population from the first beginnings to the present day. In Demography: Analysis
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