Use the following information to answer the next question.
Electron Flow in a Wire Loop
68.
In an apparatus such as the one shown above, the direction of the magnetic field at point P
due to the electron flow would be
A.
B.
C.
D.
into the page
out of the page
toward the left side of the page
toward the right side of the page
Use the following information to answer the next question.
A negatively charged particle is projected into a magnetic field,
as shown in the diagram below.
.
v
69.
..
As the negatively charged particle enters the magnetic field, the direction of the magnetic
force that it experiences is
A.
B.
C.
D.
into the page
out of the page
toward the top of the page
toward the bottom of the page
-24-
Use the following information to answer the next three questions.
Diagrams 1 and 2 below each show an electron as it enters a field. The fields are different but
the electrons enter them with the same instantaneous velocity, Vinst·
Diagram 1
Diagram 2
Negative
plate
Positive
plate
Statements About the Motion of the Charged Particles as
They Travel Through the Fields
I
II
III
IV
70.
The
The
The
The
speed of the particle increases.
speed of the particle remains constant.
direction of the particle's motion changes.
direction of the particle's motion remains constant.
The statements that describe the motion of the charged particle in diagram 1 are
A. I and III
B. I and IV
C. II and III
D. II and IV
71.
The statements that describe the motion of the charged particle in diagram 2 are
A. I and III
B. I and IV
C. II and III
D. II and IV
-25-
72.
The direction of the uniform magnetic field in diagram 1 is
A. to the left of the page
B. to the right ofthe page
~· toward the top of the page
toward the bottom of the page
i.J!;
Use the following information to answer the next question.
Two bar magnets of equal magnetic str:ength are placed as shown below. The point P
is the same distance from each oftheinagnets.
\
p
--\,
o----------
73.
The direction of the magnetic field at P due to the two bar magnets is
B. " "
74.
D."'
m;~n~"~orce
The magnitude of the
exerted on a charged particle in a magnetic field will
be doubled by doubling any one of
A. the magnitude of the field or the angle of entry of the particle
B. the charge of the particle, or the speed of the particle, or the mass of the particle
C. the speed of the particle, or the mass of the particle, or the magnitude of the field
the charge of the particle, or the speed of the particle, or the magnitude of the field
@J
- 26-
75.
The path followed by a moving proton in an external magnetic field is shown in
A.
B.
horizontally left
vertically up
+.
.
...--"'"
,.··"'* .....
D.
vertically down
horizontally right
Use the following information to answer the next question .
.,.....,--~--~-..,..,-
'
-1
..
------
.,-~
--------
--jjo.-
A negatively charged rubber rod is moved from left to right.
76.
The magnetic field induced around the rubber rod as it moves is represented by
B.
A.
D.
!Numerical Respons~
An alpha particle travels at 1.08 x 105 m/s perpendicularly through a magnetic field of
stre~g~h~ 1.12 x 1o-3 T. The magnitude of the magnetic force on the alpha particle
is \.)' ~
x 10-w N.
l
v
6{/
\;
(Record your three-digit answer in the numericai-response section on the answer sheet.)
- 27-
n
\J
78.
Which of the following unit combinations is appropriate for magnetic field strength?
A.
79.
N·m
A
B.
N·A
c.
m
N·m
C.s
Which of the following is a definition of conventional direct current?
~- A movement of negative charge in one direction only
\)) A movement of positive charge in one direction only
C. A shift of negative charge that reaches a peak in the forward direction before reversing
and reaching a peak in the reverse direction
D. A shift of positive charge that reaches a peak in the forward direction before reversing
and reaching a peak in the reverse direction
80.
One
N·c;;n is the same as
~-
A·pi·S
A. lA
(~ 1 N
\
-'-
c. 1 c
D. 1 J
81. A copper wire is connected to a battery so that it has a current in it. A segment of the wire is
perpendicular to a horizontal 1.5 T magnetic field. The length of the wire in the magnetic
field is 3.0 em, and the mass of the wire affected by the magnetic field is 20 g. In order to
suspend the segment of wire, the minimum current in the wire must be
'0~
A. 0.044 A
B. 0.23 A
C. 4.4 A
D. 44 A
82.
\_j
Which of the following sets of electromagnetic radiations is arranged in order of increasing
photon frequency?
A. Gamma rays, ultraviolet radiation, radio waves
~;" Radio waves, ultraviolet radiation, gamma rays
C. Gamma rays, radio waves, ultraviolet radiation
D. Radio waves, gamma rays, ultraviolet radiation
83.
Which of the following types of radiation has the longest period?
~)JRadio waves
K Infrared light
C. Ultraviolet light
D. Gamma radiation
- 28-
84.
Magnetic levitation (maglev) trains "float" above the rails. A permanent magnet mounted
on the train interacts with an electromagnet in the rail. If it is assumed that the permanent
magnet in each of the diagrams below is identical and that the current is the same in each
electromagnet, then which of the following designs would produce the greatest lift?
B.
A.
Permanent
magnet on train
s
N
Permanent
magnet on train
a--!~omagnet
c.
D.
Permanent
magnet on train
s
N
85.
The wavelength of ultraviolet light is
A.
B.
C.
D.
86.
shorter than that of visible light and longer than that of gamma rays
longer than that of visible light and shorter than that of gamma rays
shorter than that of visible light and longer than that of infrared rays
longer than that of visible light and longer than that of infrared rays
Regions of the electromagnetic spectrum listed in order from largest to smallest wavelength
are
A.
B.
C.
D.
87.
Permanent
magnet on train
X-ray, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, radio
X-ray, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, radio
radio, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, X-ray
radio, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-ray
In a vacuum, the period of oscillation of a microwave with a wavelength of 2.5 em is
A.
B.
C.
D.
8.3
8.3
J.2
1.2
X
10- 11 s
X
10-9
X
X
S
10-S S
10 10 s
-29-
88.
Accelerating charges generate
A.
B.
C.
D.
electric waves
magnetic waves
longitudinal waves
electromagnetic waves
!Numerical Respons~
ls9.j
If a photon of electromagnetic radiation has a frequency of 1.09 x 10 17 Hz, it has a
wavelength, expressed in scientific notation, of
x 1o-w m.
(Record your three-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.)
90.
X-rays may be focused using
A.
B.
C.
D.
91.
magnetic fields
electric fields
either electric or magnetic fields
neither electric nor magnetic fields
There is a relationship between the direction of propagation of an electromagnetic wave
and the directions of its electric and magnetic fields. In this relationship, the electric and
magnetic fields are
A.
B.
C.
D.
parallel to each other and parallel to the direction of propagation
parallel to each other and perpendicular to the direction of propagation
perpendicular to each other and parallel to the direction of propagation
perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the direction of propagation
!Numerical Respons~
j92.j
An During the Second World War, to help aircraft avoid radar detection, metal-foil strips
cut to one-half of the radar's wavelength were dropped from the aircraft. These strips
reduced the effectiveness of the radar. The 30.2 em metal-foil strips were designed for a
radar frequency, expressed in scientific notation, expressed in scientific notation, of
x IO"'Hz.
-----:
(Record your three-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet)
93.
Electromagnetic radiation is produced by charged particles that are moving
A.
B.
C.
D.
at the speed of light
with zero acceleration
with a changing velocity
parallel to a fixed magnetic field
- 30-
94.
Which of the following expressions that deal with electromagnetic waves has a constant
value?
A. A.
B.f
C. fA.
D. f/A.
95.
Electromagnetic radiation is always produced as a result of the
A.
B.
C.
D.
magnetic fields
acceleration of masses
movement of electric charges
acceleration of electric charges
!Numerical Respons~
~ An electromagnetic wave has a frequency of2.00
vacuum, expressed in scientific notation, is
x
10 24 Hz. The speed of the wave in a
x I Ow m/s.
(Record your three-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.)
!Numerical Respons~
I22J
A term used in aviation is radar mile, which is the time it takes a radar pulse to travel to a
target 1.00 mile away and return (1.00 mile= 1.625 km). The radar mile, expressed in
scientific notation, is
x I O~w s.
(Record your three-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.)
!Numerical Response!
~ An explosion that produces a flash of light occurs at a distance of 6.06 km from a group of
people. The minimum possible time, expressed in scientific notation, that elapses before
the people can see the explosion is a. be x I 0 d s. The values of a, b, c, and dare
,
___ , ___ ,and
(Record all four digits of your answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet)
!Numerical Respons~
l22d
An electromagnetic wave is sent from Earth to the Moon and reflected back to Earth. If the
total time taken is 2.48 s, then the distance from Earth to the Moon, expressed in scientific
x 10" m.
notation, is
(Record your three-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.)
- 31 -
Use the following information to answer the next question.
One accurate method to measure the speed of light is illustrated below. When the 8-sided
mirror is stationary, light from the source reflects from surface I, travels to the stationary
mirror, reflects from surface IV, travels back to the 8-sided mirror, reflects from surface
III, and is incident on the detector.
Light
source
Stat!onary
nurror
IIV
..__ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35.0 km - - - - - - - rotating mirror
Light
detector
As the 8-sided mirror begins to rotate, the light does not follow the path illustrated.
Eventually, as the frequency of rotation of the mirror increases, a series of light pulses
follow the path illustrated.
100. The minimum frequency at which the 8-sided mirror must rotate so that a pulse of light
follows the path illustrated is
A. 5.36 x 102 Hz
B. 1.07 x 103 Hz
C. 4.29 x 10 3 Hz
D. 3.43 x 104 Hz
!Numerical Respons~
It 01.1 Two microwave transmissions are sent at the same time on different routes to a receiving
station. One route is 2 480 krn longer than the other. The expected time between receiving
the first transmission and receiving the second transmission, expressed in scientific
notation, is
X } 0-w S.
3
(Record your three-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.)
- 32 -
Use the following information to answer the next two questions.
Microwave Communication
A microwave generator emits photons that each have 4.3 7 x 1o-23 J of energy. Some
of these photons are detected by a microwave receiver placed 50.0 km away.
~~.:......_
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50.0km
Microwave generator
--------~
Microwave receiver
102. The time it takes microwave photons to travel from the generator to the receiver is
A. 6.00 X
B. 5.10 X
C. 3.33 X
D. 1.67 X
10-4 s
10-4 s
10-4 S
10-4 s
!Numerical Respons~
1103.1 The frequency of the microwave photons, expressed in scientific notation, is
-----
X
10wHz.
(Record your three-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.)
104. Some cellular phones operate in the 9.0 x 102 MHz band of the electromagnetic spectrum.
The energy associated with each photon of this frequency is approximately
A. 1.4 X
B. 1.4 X
c. 3.7 X
D. 3.7 X
10-IS eV
10- 13 eV
10-8 eV
10-6 eV
105. Which of the following forms of electromagnetic radiation has photons of lowest energy?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Radio waves
Ultraviolet light
Gamma radiation
Infrared radiation
- 33-
Use the following information to answer the next question.
When white light from the sun strikes a flint-glass bead, the white light is separated
into its component colours, two of which are illustrated in the diagram below.
106. Which of the following statements contains a valid prediction of the relative indices of
refraction for red and violet light and a justification of that predication?
A. The index of refraction of red light in flint glass is greater than that of violet light
because red light refracts more inside the flint-glass bead.
B. The index of refraction of red light in flint glass is less than that of violet light
because red light refracts less inside the flint-glass bead.
C. The index of refraction of violet light in flint glass is greater than that of red light
because violet light reflects more inside the flint-glass bead.
D. The index of refraction of violet light in flint glass is less than that of red light
because red light reflects less inside the flint-glass bead.
Us·e thefollowing information to answer the next two questions.
A fluorescent tube operates by exciting mercury atoms from their ground state to an
excited state. The return of the atoms to a lower energy level results in the emission of
electromagnetic radiation that cannot be seen.
Through a process called fluorescence, a phosphor powder coating on the inside of the
glass tube converts the radiation emitted by the mercury atoms into electromagnetic
radiation that can be seen.
A fluorescent light fixture draws 80.0 W of electrical power when connected to a 110 V
AC power supply.
- 34-
!Numerical Respons~
1101.1 The mercury atoms emit electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of254 nm. The
minimum amount of energy that must be transferred to a mercury atom during excitation to
enable this emission, expressed in scientific notation, is
x lo-w J.
(Record your three-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.)
108. The electromagnetic radiation emitted by the mercury atoms cannot be seen because it is
A.
B.
C.
D.
in the ultraviolet region
of too low an intensity
in the infrared region
of too slow a speed
Use the following information to answer the next question.
Chlorophyll in plants absorbs photons of electromagnetic radiation and converts
them into chemical potential energy. Chlorophyll a is one of the main types of
chlorophyll. The graph below shows the relationship between the absorption of
photons by chlorophyll a and the wavelength of the photons striking the plants.
Absorption Rate as a Function of Incident Wavelength
Chlorophyll a
400
500
600
'Van·length (nm)
700
109. To produce the maximum rate of photon absorption by chlorophyll a, photons should have
an energy of
A.
B.
C.
D.
1.77 eV
1.88 eV
2.48 eV
3.40eV
- 35-
Use the following information to answer the next question.
A technological application of quantum theory is the development of "electric eyes,"
which can be used in automatic door openers or burglar alarms. A light beam shines
across a door opening and causes the production of a current in a circuit. When the
beam is broken, the current stops and a mechanism is triggered to open a door or
sound an alarm.
110. The operation of an electric eye is an application of
A.
B.
C.
D.
the Compton effect
the wave nature of matter
the photoelectric effect
Maxwell's electromagnetic wave theory
111. When a blue laser beam is incident upon the surface of the metal of a photoelectric cell,
there is no photoemission. A second beam of radiation causes photoelectrons to be
emitted. The second beam may consist of
A. ultraviolet radiation
B. infrared radiation
C. red laser radiation
D. microwave radiation
112. In a photoelectric experiment, the m.aximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons does not
depend on the
A.
B.
C.
D.
work function of the emitting material
wavelength of the incident light
intensity of the incident light
energy of an incident photon
113. A burglar knows that an alarm in a certain museum makes use of the photoelectric effect.
Ultraviolet light shines on a photocell with a work function of 5.01 eV. Any break in the
light will set the alarm off. The burglar realizes that if he shines his own ultraviolet light
source at the photocell, he can ensure that there is no break in the light and that the alarm
will not be set off. He obtains an ultraviolet light source with a frequency of
1.13 x 10 15 Hz. Will he be successful in his burglary attempt and why?
A. No, because the frequency of the burglar's light is too low for the photocell to function.
B. No, because the frequency of the burglar's light is too high for the photocell to function.
C. Yes, because the frequency of the burglar's light is low enough for the photocell to
function.
D. Yes, because the frequency of the burglar's light is high enough for the photocell to
function.
- 36-
114. A metal has a work function of 4.6 eV. The corresponding threshold frequency is
A.
B.
C.
D.
6.9 x
1.1 x
9.0 x
1.4 x
1033 Hz
10 15 Hz
10- 16 Hz
10-34 Hz
115. A light source with a wavelength of 548 nm shines on a photocell with a 1.60 eV work
function. In order to have an output voltage of 12.0 V DC, the number of photocells that
must be linked in series is
A.
B.
C.
D.
5 photocells
8 photocells
10 photocells
18 photocells
Use the following £nformation to answer the next three questions.
Night vision devices operate by taking available ambient light, such as starlight, and
converting it into an electrical signal that is then amplified within a channel plate
(image intensifier). The electrical signal is then focused on a phosphor-coated screen
that emits a green image.
1
2
3
-)
Light
(+
ct-
~-
-
~
(+)
Channel plate
(image intensifier)
116. When light falls on the device at position 1 in the diagram,
A.
B.
C.
D.
the Compton effect occurs
the photoelectric effect occurs
light refraction and diffraction occurs
light diffraction and interference occurs
- 37-
'
Phosphor-coated screen
Eyepiece
117. Night vision devices have a built-in brightness protection circuit to protect both the device
and the viewer from unexpected bright light. The circuit is activated when the
A.
B.
C.
D.
photoelectric current increases
photoelectric current decreases
kinetic energy of photoelectrons increases
kinetic energy of photoelectrons decreases
!Numerical Respons~
ltts.l Green light with a wavelength of 545 nm reaches the observer's eyes. The energy of a
photon ofthis green light is
eV.
(Record your three-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.)
119. The threshold frequency of light for the emission of photoelectrons from a metal is
4.4 x 10 14 Hz. !flight of frequency 6.6 x 10 14 Hz shines on the metal, then the maximum
kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons is
A. 7.3 x
B. 4.4 x
c. 2.9 x
D. 1.5 x
w- 19 J
w- 19 J
w- 19 J
w- 19 J
Use the following information to answer the next question.
When a certain metal is struck by a photon with a frequency of 8.23
emits an electron with a maximum speed of 2.45 x 105 m/s.
x
10 14 Hz, the metal
IN umerical Res pons~
!120.1 The work function for this metal is
eV.
(Record your three-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.)
121. In his explanation of the photoelectric effect, Einstein proposed that
A. the speed of light is constant
B. light energy is concentrated in distinct " packets"
C. light energy is evenly distributed over the entire wave front
D. metallic surfaces emit electrons when illuminated with short-wavelength light
- 38-
Use the following information to answer the next three questions.
An Application of the Photoelectric Effect
On movie film, the sound track is located along the side of the film strip and consists of
light and dark regions. Light from the projector is directed through the sound track and
onto a phototube. Variations in the transparency of the regions on the sound track
allow varying intensities of light to reach the phototube.
Light source L
Speaker
Film strip
(front view)
T
Sound track
122. The region of the sound track that will allow the most electrical current to be produced in
the phototube is labelled
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV
- 39-
123. The energy that is required to remove the electron from thephotoelectric surface in the
phototube is called the
A. work function
B. threshold frequency
C. electric potential energy
D. maximum kinetic energy
!Numerical Respons~
1124.1 In one second, 1.45 x 10 16 photons are incident on the phototube. If each of the photons
has a frequency greater than the threshold frequency, then the maximum current to the
amplifier, expressed in scientific notation, is a. be x I o-d A. The values of a, b, c, and dare
_ _ , _ _ , _ _ ,and
(Record all four digits of your answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet)
Use the following information to answer the next question.
Data Recorded in a Photoelectric Effect Experiment
I
II
III
The number of photoelectrons emitted each second
The maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons
The charge on each of the emitted photoelectrons
125. The intensity of a light source that causes photoelectric emission is increased while the
frequency of the light source is kept constant. This increase will result in an increase in
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II only
D. II and III only
126. If a metal with a threshold frequency of 1.1 x 10 15 Hz is illuminated by light with a
wavelength of 1.7 x 10-7 m, then the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted
photoelectrons will be
A. 4.4
B. 7.3
C. J.2
D. 1.5
X
X
X
X
10- 19 J
10- 19 J
10-IS J
10-IS J
-40-
127. A photocathode that has a threshold frequency of 5.6 x 10 14 Hz is illuminated with light
that has a frequency of 8.2 x 10 14 Hz. The maximum kinetic energy of the ejected
photoelectrons is
A. 1. 7
B. 3. 7
C. 5.4
D. 9.1
X
X
X
X
10- 19 J
10- 19 J
10- 19 J
10- 19 J
Use the following information to answer the next question.
Maximum Kinetic Energy as a Function of Frequency
"'"T
~
_. 30~-+--~+--r-4--+-~-+--r-~-+-~r-+--r-4--4
-
1.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
Fre-quency (10 14 Hz)
128. Based on the graph above, Planck's constant has a value of
A. 6.6 x
B. 5.0 x
C. 3.6 x
D. 3.0 X
10-34 J·s
10-34 J·s
10-34 J·s
10-34 J·s
- 41 -
14.0
16.0
129. Electromagnetic radiation of constant wavelength is incident on a metal cathode, and the
photoelectric effect is observed. Which of the following graphs represents the relationship
between the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons and the intensity of the
incident radiation?
A.
B.
~
c'"'
Q,J
~
~
32
~
~
32
§
§
.§
.§
~
:£
c.
~
...
~
Q,J
Q,J
:t=
Intensity
D.
~
Q,J
=
Q,J
tl
~
Q,J
v
~
~
:.;
:&!
~
§
8
~
-~
.§
~
~
Intensity
~
Intensity
Intensity
130. For which of the following explanations did the diffraction of high-speed electrons
provide experimental support?
A. Bohr's explanation of line spectra
B. Compton's explanation of the Compton effect
C. Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric effect
D. De Broglie's explanation of wave nature of matter
131. Together, the Compton effect and the de Broglie hypothesis support the concept of
A.
B.
C.
D.
wave-particle duality
the wave nature of matter
the particle nature of light
the particle nature of matter
- 42-
Use the following information to answer the next question.
Photoelectric Effect
Frequency
This graph shows the relationship between the maximum kinetic energy for
emitted photoelectrons and the frequency of incident light for Metal X.
Note: The five graphs in this question are drawn to the same scale.
132. Metal Y has a different work function from Metal X. The graph that could represent the
relationship between the maximum kinetic energy for emitted photoelectrons and the
frequency of incident light for Metal Y is
A.
B.
Frequency
Frequency
c.
D.
MetalY
Frequency
Frequency
-43-
Use the following information to answer the next ten questions.
A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a microscope that uses a beam of electrons rather than
visible light to produce images of specimens.
Description of the Operation of an SEM
Electrons are accelerated from the
electron gun to the anode. The electric
potential difference between the electron
gun and the anode accelerates the
electrons to a speed of2.65 x 107 m/s.
After this acceleration, the electrons
pass through an opening in the anode
and enter the magnetic lens.
It---
Electron gun
---Anode
The magnetic lens focuses the beam
of electrons. A particular electron
12 .
experiences a force of 3.31 x 10- N
while in the magnetic lens. As a result
of this magnetic force, the path of the
electrons spirals and the beam of
electrons becomes focused.
+--~Magnetic
Scanning coils deflect the beam of
electrons back and forth across the
spectmen.
coils _ ___,.,..
Some electrons from the beam reflect
off the specimen at the same speed
at which they hit. The backscattered
electron detector picks up these
electrons. These backscattered
electrons provide information about
the composition and surface
characteristics of the specimen.
electron ---111
Scanning
Backscattered
detector
The electron beam causes the specimen
to emit electrons from its surface. The
secondary electron detector picks up
these electrons.
Information collected from the scanning
coils and the two detectors is sent to the
image processor. This processor produces
a three-dimensional image ofthe specimen.
-44-
lens