Steve Jobs, Bill Gates, and the PC
and
Course Review
Radical Innovation and the Transformation of Daily Life
CEE 102: Prof. Michael G. Littman
Course Administrator: Catherine Eiben ceiben@princeton.edu
Computers for NOTETAKING ONLY
Please - NO Cell Phones, Texting, Internet use
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Components of Innovation
Inventor and Entrepreneur
Noyce and Hoff – Intel Microcomputer
Intel
4004
Apple I
TCP / IP
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Components of Innovation
Inventor and Entrepreneur
Noyce and Hoff – Intel Microcomputer
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Components of Innovation
Inventor and Entrepreneur
Noyce and Hoff – Intel Microcomputer
Homebrew Computer Club
Silicon Valley 1975
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Components of Innovation
Inventor and Entrepreneur
Wozniak and Jobs
Apple Computer founded in 1976
Homebrew Computer Club
Silicon Valley 1975
5
Components of Innovation
Jobs
Inventor and Entrepreneur
Wozniak and Jobs
Apple Computer founded in 1976
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Components of Innovation
Jobs
Inventor and Entrepreneur
Hewlett - Packard
Wozniak and Jobs
Apple Computer founded in 1976
Ford
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Jobs
Hewlett - Packard
Ford
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Demonstration:
Single board computer
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Demonstration:
Single board computer
Aged -
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Macintosh 128K – 1984
Graphical User Interface
Aged -
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Aged -
Aged -
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Aged -
Aged -
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Aged -
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Aged -
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Aged -
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Homebrew Computer Club
30th Anniversary in 2005 - Silicon Valley
Aged -
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Homebrew Computer Club
30th Anniversary in 2005 - Silicon Valley
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Bill Gates and Paul Allen – Micro-Soft
Basic for Altair 8800 in 1975
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Bill Gates and Paul Allen – Micro-Soft
Basic for Altair 8800 in 1975
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Bill Gates and Paul Allen – Micro-Soft
Basic for Altair 8800 in 1975
Bill Gates open letter to
hobbyists – An appeal to stop
stealing software
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Bill Gates and Paul Allen – MiCROSOFT
MS- DOS for IBM PC in 1981
Bill Gates open letter to
hobbyists – An appeal to stop
stealing software
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IBM Personal Computer
Command Line Interface
DEMONSTRATION
Bill Gates and Paul Allen – MiCROSOFT
MS- DOS for IBM PC in 1981
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Bill Gates and Paul Allen – MiCROSOFT
MS- DOS for IBM PC in 1981
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Key Ideas
Scientific :
Computer on a Chip
Graphical User Interface
Social :
Computation
Communication
Commerce
Symbolic :
Individual Genius
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Key Ideas
Engineering in the
Modern World
Scientific :
Computer on a Chip
Graphical User Interface
Social :
Computation
Communication
Commerce
Symbolic :
Individual Genius
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Immigrants
Engineering in the
Modern World
Alexander Graham Bell
Andrew Carnegie
John Von Neumann
Othmar Ammann
Telephone
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Immigrants
Alexander Graham Bell
Andrew Carnegie
John Von Neumann
Othmar Ammann
Steel
Telephone
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Steel
Iconic Suspension Bridges
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Digital Computer
Iconic Suspension Bridges
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Inventors
Thomas Telford
Wright Brothers
Thomas Edison
Henry Bessemer
Flat Bridge
Flying Machine
Efficient Network
Strong Material
Digital Computer
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Inventors
Thomas Telford
Wright Brothers
Thomas Edison
Henry Bessemer
Flat Bridge
Flying Machine
Efficient Network
Strong Material
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Partners
James Watt – Mathew Boulton
Robert Fulton – Robert Livingston
INVENTOR
ENTREPRENEUR
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INVENTOR
Partners
James Watt – Mathew Boulton
Robert Fulton – Robert Livingston
INVENTOR
ENTREPRENEUR
ENTREPRENEUR
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INVENTOR
ENTREPRENEUR
Patents
Steamboat
Telephone
Electric Light
Airplane
Radio
Rocket
Transistor
Integrated Circuit
What are positive and
negative effects of patents ?
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Patents
delays competition
Bell Telephone wins
captures Edison patents
from Western Union
Steamboat
Telephone
Electric Light
Airplane
Radio
Rocket
Transistor
Integrated Circuit
What are positive and
negative effects of patents ?
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delays competition
Bell Telephone wins
captures Edison patents
from Western Union
“War of the Currents”
delays competition
Westinghouse wins
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Wright Brothers Patent
delays competition
“War of the Currents”
WWI – patent suspended in
national interest
delays competition
Westinghouse wins
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Wright Brothers Patent
delays competition
Sarnoff (RCA) fights
Armstrong FM Patents
WWI – patent suspended in
national interest
Armstrong’s widow wins
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1964 – 50th Anniversary
of Multi-Stage Patent
Sarnoff (RCA) fights
Armstrong FM Patents
Goddard not taken
seriously until the V2
Armstrong’s widow wins
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1964 – 50th Anniversary
of Multi-Stage Patent
Goddard not taken
seriously until the V2
1956 Nobel Prize
applications in
telephone, radio, space
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1956 Nobel Prize
Kilby and Noyce
share Credit and Revenue
applications in
telephone, radio, space
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Artist as Engineer
Telford
Morse
Ammann
Kilby and Noyce
share Credit and Revenue
Structural Art
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Artist as Engineer
Telford
Morse
Ammann
Intelligence at a distance
Structural Art
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Intelligence at a distance
Structural Artist
and Entrepreneur
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Political
Entrepreneurs
Amman
Livingston
Norris
Livingston
Monroe
Structural Artist
and Entrepreneur
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Political
Entrepreneurs
Amman
Livingston
Norris
Livingston
Monroe
TVA Architect
Advocate for Public Power
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TVA Architect
Advocate for Public Power
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Focus on
Whole System
Edison
Ford
Marconi
Competition with Gas Lighting
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Focus on
Whole System
Edison
Ford
Marconi
Assembly Line
Integrated Factory
Competition with Gas Lighting
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Assembly Line
Integrated Factory
Global Wireless Network
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Energy Conversion
Steam Engine
IC Engine
Jet Engine
Rocket Motor
Animal to Machine
External Combustion
Global Wireless Network
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Energy Conversion
Steam Engine
IC Engine
Jet Engine
Rocket Motor
Internal Combustion
Compact and Efficient
Animal to Machine
External Combustion
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Internal Combustion
Compact and Efficient
Gas Turbine
Batch to Continuous
60
Rocket carries own O2
Power in the Vacuum of Space
Gas Turbine
Batch to Continuous
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Government Fixes
Port Authority
TVA
River Compact
Congested
Depressed
Undeveloped
Rocket carries own O2
Power in the Vacuum of Space
Port Authority Bridge
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Government Fixes
Port Authority
TVA
River Compact
Congested
Depressed
Undeveloped
Valley Authority Dam
Port Authority Bridge
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Valley Authority Dam
River Compact Dam
Flood Control and Electric Power
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Daring ‘Firsts’
Water
Air
Space
River Compact Dam
Flood Control and Electric Power
First Trip - Colorado River
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Daring ‘Firsts’
Water
Air
Space
First Flight - Heavier than Air
First Trip - Colorado River
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First Flight - Heavier than Air
Faster than Sound
bullet-shaped rocket plane
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First Earth Orbit
Faster than Sound
bullet-shaped rocket plane
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First Earth Orbit
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Society Transformed
Railroad
Telephone
Automobile
Airplane
Canal
Computer
Continent Crossed - 1869
Iron Road
70
Society Transformed
Railroad
Telephone
Automobile
Airplane
Canal
Computer
Continent Crossed – 1915
Continent Crossed - 1869
Copper Wire
Iron Road
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Continent Crossed – 1915
Roads replace Rails
Copper Wire
Asphalt, Concrete, and Steel
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Travel Farther and Faster
Roads replace Rails
Asphalt, Concrete, and Steel
Airplanes made of Aluminum
powered by Kerosene
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Uniting the Oceans
Uniting the Continents
Bridges, Locks, and Dams
made of Steel and Concrete
Travel Farther and Faster
Airplanes made of Aluminum
powered by Kerosene
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Uniting the Oceans
Uniting the Continents
Bridges, Locks, and Dams
made of Steel and Concrete
Global and Fast
Information Age
made of Silicon and Glass
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How do Innovations
Happen?
Scientific :
applied science
Social :
motivation - transformation
- economics
- politics
- culture
Symbolic :
individual genius
Global and Fast
Information Age
made of Silicon and Glass
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