Annexe 4
Annexe 4 : étude 4
Note introductive
Cette étude a suivi un développement un peu particulier. En effet, les éléments
discussions et de controverse autour de Bargh et al. (1996) ont constitué une réelle
opportunité pour embrasser ce nouveau modèle de conduite d’expérience. Ce dernier
servait un double objectif. Il s’agissait d’une part de récolter la contribution la plus
large et transparente des acteurs et spécialistes du domaine. D’autre part, ce modèle
collaboratif offrait la possibilité de réaliser un nouvel essai de réplication de Bargh et
al. de la manière la moins contestable qui soit. Pour ce faire, un site internet de type
wiki collaboratif a été mis en ligne et diffusé largement via l’URL : replicate.vgbrain.net.
Celui-ci a également fait l’objet d’une mention particulière dans un article que nous
avons récemment publié dans « Perspectives in Psychological Science » (Klein et al., 2012).
Cette annexe reprendra donc la restitution exacte du contenu de ce site ainsi qu’un
ensemble d’analyses supplémentaires qui n’ont pas encore eu l’occasion d’être diffusées
sur internet.
replicate.vgbrain.net
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Annexe 4
Main Page
From Replicate Elderly-Slow Walking
Welcome to the Elderly-Slow Walking open replication project!
The purpose of this project is to design and run the best replication of Bargh, Chen and
Burrow's (1996) experiment 2a and 2b there can be.
This website is designed to collect everyone's comments and feedback on the protocol
of the experiment so that it will be conducted in the best possible manner.
Please, feel free to contribute!
Note : We apologize for the overall stability of this website. If a page, a picture or a
file doesn't show up, please refresh the page several times until the material
appears.
The project
▪
▪
▪
▪
Project description and context
Project management
Method
Data analysis
Latest News
10-01-2013 : Elements of Analysis for Study 1 are now provided.
03-07-2012 : Pictures of the setup are now available.
05-06-2012 : Ready-to-use modular Single-Target IAT script for Matlab/Psychtoolbox
is now online : File:SCIAT.zip (courtesy of Stéphane Doyen)
01-06-2012: Processed data file is now online : File:Data.zip.
31-05-2012 : The complete raw data section is now written. All the files are also
appended and made available.
23-05-2012 : The Data & Result section is being written. Raw sensor data is now
available : File:Sensors.zip.
09-05-2012 : We now have completed a sample of 25 participants in the prime condition
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Annexe 4
and 27 in the non prime condition. The result will be made available shortly.
24-04-2012 : priming material and neutral material have been updated according to the
pretest.
24-04-2012 : Raw data for the pretest of the prime is available online
File:Pretestprimes.zip.
05-04-2012 : Contributors list added
05-04-2012 : priming material and neutral material added
05-04-2012 : The Welcome script and the Dismissal script have now been added
05-04-2012 : We are now actively seeking for the Arbiter
02-04-2012 : We are currently writing the different sections.
Pending tasks
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title=Main_Page&oldid=235 »
▪ This page was last modified on 10 January 2013, at 13:07.
This page has been accessed 47,126 times.
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Annexe 4
Project description and context
From Replicate Elderly-Slow Walking
In their seminal work, Bargh, Chen and Burrows (1996) [1] showed that priming
participants with the concept of elderly lead participants to walk more slowly upon
exiting the experiment room. Despite the fact that this manuscript has been cited a lot
compared to other papers in its discipline, there have not been any succesful direct
replications.
So far, two failed replications have been publicly reported. The first one has been
performed in 2008 by Pashler, Harris and Coburn [2]and was published on
psychfiledrawer.org. The second one was carried out by Doyen, Klein, Pichon and
Cleeremans and was published on 18th January 2012 in PLoS One[3].
The latter attempt has been reported in popular press [4] outlet where stemmed into
various discussions about the value of replication. In March 2012, John Bargh
commented about the article on his own blog[5][6]. Although most of his critiques were
almost instantly set straight by the commenters of his blog post[7], it remained that
some of the methodological options reported in the Doyen et al. (2012) paper could
have led to the absence of effect on walking speed.
In search for understanding of that particular experiment, and after many discussions
with other parties, Stéphane Doyen, Olivier Klein and Axel Cleeremans decided that
they would run yet an other replication attempt. This was the starting point of this
project.
However, this time, the issue would be dealt in a slightly different manner. We believe
that science is based as much on accumulated evidence as it is on collaborative work.
We would like therefore to engage the community in a collective process of defining the
experiment as well as the data analysis protocol before this new replication attempt is
carried out.
Please, feel free to edit and improve this wiki!
References
▪ ↑ Bargh, J. A., Chen, M., & Burrows, L. (1996). Automaticity of social behavior:
Direct effects of trait construct and stereotype priming on action. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 230-244.[1]
▪ ↑ Pashler, H., Harris, C., & Coburn, N. (2008). Elderly-Related Words Prime Slow
Walking. PsychFileDrawer. [2]
▪ ↑ Doyen, S., Klein, O., Pichon, C., Cleeremans, A. (2012). Behavioral priming: It is
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Annexe 4
all in the brain, but whose brain? PLoS One7(1) : e29081. doi:10.1371/
journal.pone.0029081. [3]
↑
Yong,
E. (2012). Primed by expectations: Why a classic psychology experiment
▪
isn’t what it seemed. Not Exactly rocket science. [4]
▪ ↑ Bargh, J. (2012). Nothing in Their Heads. Psychology Today: The Natural
unconscious. [5]
▪ ↑ Bargh, J. (2012). Angry Birds. Psychology Today: The Natural unconscious.[6]
▪ ↑ [7]
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This page has been accessed 5,627 times.
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Annexe 4
Project management
From Replicate Elderly-Slow Walking
The Arbiter
The Arbiter will be in charge of overseeing the complete process and will name the 2
referees. The Arbiter will have no personal connection to any of the protagonists
involved, never published anything pro or con on priming effects of this kind, and will
publicly state that he or she has not formed any strong opinion as to the possible
outcomes. In addition, he or she will be in charge of summarizing everyone’s thoughts
and comments on the experiment protocol and validate.
The logistics referee
The logistics referee will ensure that the translation of the written protocol to a real lab
experiment is proceeded accordingly. The logistics referee should not be affiliated to
any of the lab involved nor should he or she have collaborated in the past with any of
the members.
The data referee
The Data referee will be in charge of collecting the data and process it. The analysis
should follow a predefined plan. The data referee should not be affiliated to any of the
lab involved nor should he or she have collaborated in the past with any of the
members.
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title=Project_management&oldid=210 »
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This page has been accessed 678 times.
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Annexe 4
Method
From Replicate Elderly-Slow Walking
Contents
▪ 1 Participants
1.1 The priming experimenters
▪
1.2 The debriefing experimenter
▪
1.3 The Participants
▪
▪ 2 Material
2.1 The Set up
▪
2.2 The priming scrambled sentence task
▪
2.3 The neutral scrambled sentence task
▪
2.4 Sensor activity recorder
▪
2.5 Debriefing computer
▪
2.6 Participants » debriefing tasks
▪
2.6.1 Implicit Association towards elderly
▪
2.6.2 Suspicion & Awareness probe
▪
2.6.3 Priming experimenters’ debriefing task
▪
▪ 3 Procedure
3.1 Phase 1 : Priming
▪
3.2 Phase 2 : Walking
▪
3.2.1 Measure
▪
3.2.2 Data handling
▪
3.3 Phase 3 : Post-tests
▪
3.3.1 Procedure
▪
Participants
The priming experimenters
The experimenters in charge of the priming manipulation will be recruited through ads
and databases. They will contact the main investigator either by phone or email. The
latter will be in charge of planning the testing sessions. They will be asked to administer
the priming task to at least 6 participants. The experimenters will be kept blind to the
participants conditions as well as the purpose of the study.
The debriefing experimenter
The debriefing experimenter will be in charge of starting the recording of the sensor
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Annexe 4
activity before each individual participant enters the hallway and stop it after the
participant is completely gone. This experimenter is also in charge of administering the
computerized debriefing tasks to the participants.
The Participants
Participants will be recruited through the same means as the experimenter. They will
respond to an advertisement inviting them to take part in a French test. They will
contact the main investigator either by phone or email, and the main investigator will
assign them randomly to the testing sessions.
Material
The Set up
The experiment will be set up according to the attached schematics.
Participants enter the featureless hallway from the left end and reach a “double door” on
which there will be a board telling them to sit and wait on the “chair” at the end of the
hallway.
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Annexe 4
The priming manipulation will be made in the “Priming room” at the end of the
hallway.
Participants walking speed measurement should require no human intervention.
Therefore, two infrared sensors will be positioned in the hallway (i.e. Sensor 1 and
Sensor 2). The sensor acquisition machine will be positioned in the “post-test Room”.
Both sensors will be 9,75m apart. “Sensor 1” will be placed to 2m away from the
“double door” and “Sensor 2” will be 2m away from the door of the “Priming room” so
that participants cross each beam at cruise speed.
Once the priming manipulation is over the subject will naturally walk toward the exit.
As they step in front of the “Post-test Room” a second experimenter will ask them to
take part to the post test tasks on a computer.
Participants exit the hallway by the same way they enter.
The priming scrambled sentence task
The priming material would be the exact translation of the scrambled sentences used in
Bargh et al. (1996) listed in the « Practical guide to Priming and Automaticity » p36.
However, the item “Florida” should be replaced by a culturally relevant word.
The neutral scrambled sentence task
The neutral material will be exactly the same as the priming material except for the
primes which will be replaced by neutral words.
Sensor activity recorder
The recoding of the activity is done by means of a USB 4 channels multipurpose
recorder linked to a computer. The latter should be hidden in the post-test Room. The
data referee should have access to this machine at all time through remote desktop so
that he or she can collect the data in real time.
Debriefing computer
The debriefing computer will run the debriefing in the most unattended way. Just as for
sensor activity acquisition, the data referee should have access at all time to the
debriefing computer.
Participants » debriefing tasks
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Annexe 4
Implicit Association towards elderly
A single target IAT (Bluemke et al. 2007) will capture participants bias in categorizing
elderly positively or negatively. This task is composed by 5 blocks: one simple
categorization task, two training phases and two test phases. In the categorization task,
the participant simply respond left or right to positive or negative words presented in
central position according to labels, namely “positive” and “negative” placed on each
side of the screen. In the training and test phases a label is introduced “elderly” that is
on half of the blocs disposed on one side of the screen and on the other side for the other
half. Participants have to follow that label to categorize typical first names of old
persons. Stimuli as well as block presentation order are randomized.
The task is programmed in Matlab using the Psychtoolbox and can be downloaded
here : File:SCIAT.zip
Note that this script is modular and can be applied to other concept. Please, cite the
author (in the comment section) when using it.
Suspicion & Awareness probe
Participants suspicion to the purpose of the study as well as the particular hypothesis
will be probed. The awareness of the primes, the effect on walking speed and the link
between the primes primes will be assessed using the method described in Doyen et al.
(2012). This debriefing is aimed at assessing the awareness of three elements: awareness
of the primes, the primed behaviour and the link between the primes and the primed
behaviour.
These elements are assed on three increasingly sharper levels of precision:
▪ General: genreal questions such as "Did you notice anything particular with the
experiment?"
▪ Medium: the questions are partially specified. e.g. : « Did you notice anything
particular with the sentences ? »
▪ Sharp: the questions are very specific. e.g. : « Some sentences were pointing to a
common concept. Through this 4-AFC, can you tell us which on this is ? »
Every question that requires a Yes or No answer has a comment section that the
participant has only to complete in case of a "Yes" answer.
The french limesurvey structure file can be found here: File:Debriefing limesurvey
structure.zip
Priming experimenters’ debriefing task
Priming experimenters’ suspicion to the purpose of the experiment as well as the
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Annexe 4
particular hypothesis will be probed. We will also check if the experimenters picked up
the existence of the prime and the non prime condition and if they could tell wether a
particular participant was assigned to a specific condition. The french limesurvey
structure file of this debriefing task can be found here: File:Debriefing limesurvey
structure.zip
Procedure
Phase 1 : Priming
Each participant will be neatly scheduled over 30 minutes of time to avoid any overlap.
At their scheduled time, participants reach the hallway through the “Entrance” door.
The walk up to the double door where they see a board telling them to wait on the chair
at the other end of the hallway. As they walk up to this chair, the participants cross
successively the beam of “Sensor 1” and “Sensor 2”. After a short while the
experimenter welcomes and greet the participants. Participants should not wait longer
than one minute on the chair. According to a prewritten welcome script, the
experimenter will explain the task to the participant. Any kind of compensation should
be made prior to the task. Both priming and non priming material will be enclosed
individually in envelopes. The pile of enveloped will be blindly shuffled. Each
participant will receive an envelope from the experimenter and would be the only one to
open it. He or she will put his or her first name on the questionnaire. While the
participant is completing the task, experimenter will remain silent and unnoticed in one
side of the room. Upon completion of the task the participant will call the experimenter
and hand back his questionnaire. The experimenter will then thank and dismiss the
participant following the dismissal script. He or she will then number each
questionnaire according to the order in which he or she saw the participants so that all
the pieces of data can be identified and matched as belonging to a unique participant.
Phase 2 : Walking
Measure
Data is acquired through the infrared sensors and saved in a CSV format. Both sensors
are linked to a 4 channel multipurpose USB interface. The acquisition rate is 1000Hz so
that the sensors can capture millisecond differences. The timing is given by the
difference of timestamp activity between “Sensor 1” and “Sensor 2” on the way in and
“Sensor 2” and “Sensor 1” when the participant is walking towards the exit.
Data handling
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Annexe 4
The acquisition device should be started before an individual participant arrives and
stopped after the participant is completely gone. This ensure to have a single file
enclosing the complete recording of the session of each individual participant. This file
should be collected immediately by an independent team to process the data.
Phase 3 : Post-tests
Procedure
When the participant goes through the double door, he or she will be called by the
Debriefing experimenter who waited all through the experiment in the post-test room.
The latter will explain, according to a debriefing script that there is a second part to the
experiment and will then administer the tests to the participants. The tasks will be
presented in the following order: Awareness probe, suspicion probe and implicit
association test. Once all the task are completed, the experimenter will fully debrief and
dismiss the participants.
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Annexe 4
Priming material
From Replicate Elderly-Slow Walking
Contents
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
1 Description
2 Preparation
3 Procedure
4 Material
4.1 English
4.2 Français
5 References
Description
The priming contains 30 scrambled sentences. They are the exact french translation of
the sentences provided in Bargh and Chartrand (2000) [1]. Only 10 sentences will
contain priming words. Apart from these particular words both the priming material and
the neutral material will be exactly the same.
Preparation
Here is the list provided by Bargh and Chartrand (2000). According to the authors, the
words in italic are prime words.
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
him was worried she always
from are Florida oranges temperature
ball the throw toss silently
shoes give replace old the
he observes occasionally people watches
be will swear lonely they
sky the seamless grey is
ate she it selfishly all
be to back careful better
prepare the gift wrap neatly
sew sentimental buy item the
he wise drops on seems
are we stubborn courteous sometimes
the push wash frequently clothes
us bingo sing play let
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Annexe 4
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
should now withdraw forgetful we
somewhat prepared I was retired
sunlight makes temperature wrinkle raisins
is rigid he usually studying
a have traditional wedding holiday
picked throw apples hardly the
drink this looks seems bitter
they obedient him often meet
there are they conservative going
knits dependent he occasionally them
studies she texts ancient him
helpless it hides there over
is he gullible plant so
cautions alone very are they
send I mail it over
Procedure
The material will be enclosed in an envelope that only the participant opens. The
participant will have to indicate their name at the top right corner of the questionnaire
for data processing purposes. The instruction will be given by the experimenter
according to the greeting script.
(Oddly enough, it seems to me that most of the sentence have more than one possibility
and that they could also prime other concepts. Given this, note that I’m uncertain about
the unscrambled version of some statements as well as their proper translations.
Besides, multiple possible answers will make the participants ask for some clarification,
which is against the minimal interaction rule between the experimenter and the
participant )
Material
For demonstration purposes the scrambled sentence will be written both shuffled and in
the right order. The participant only sees the scrambled order. Sentences in bold contain
a prime word. Items in italic are either a prime word or a prime word that has been
replaced by a neutral word.
In order to ensure that the primes actually activate the concept, one must pretest the
relevance of the primes. This was achieved by pretesting the primes in an online survey
taken by participants of the same population (not sample) that as we will be testing.
In that survey we presented all the 23 potential primes reported by Bargh and Chartrand
2000 and asked the participants to rate them on a 5 points lickert scale according the
this question: "According to you, how much do the following terms fit the representation
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Annexe 4
Belgians have about old people? (0 = not at all, 5 = very much) ». We only kept the 10
top scoring primes as target word to elaborate the priming material. The result of the
survey is available here:File:Pretestprimes.zip
The top rated primes were in descending order : retraité, vieilles, ridé, seules, têtu,
prudent, traditionnel, ancien, gris, conservateur. Thus we kept the sentences 4, 6, 7, 13,
17, 18, 20, 24, 26, 29.
Finally, we slightly adapted the grammar of certain words in the French version so that
there was only one possible solution for each sentence. The purpose of this modification
was to make this task as clear as possible for our participants and avoid any questions
and superfluous interactions with the experimenter.
English
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
him was present she always
from are Spain oranges temperature
ball the throw toss silently
shoes give replace old the
he observes occasionally people watches
be will swear lonely they
sky the seamless grey is
ate she it selfishly all
be to back true better
prepare the gift wrap neatly
sew expensive buy item the
he clever drops on seems
are we stubborn courteous sometimes
the push wash frequently clothes
us tennis sing play let
should now withdraw charming we
somewhat prepared I was retired
sunlight makes temperature wrinkle raisins
is tall he usually studying
a have traditional wedding holiday
picked throw apples hardly the
drink this looks seems cold
they obedient him often meet
there are they conservative going
knits occasionally he occasionally them
studies she texts ancient him
constant it hides there over
is he present plant so
cautions alone very are they
send I mail it over
1. She was always present/him
2. Oranges are from Spain /temperature
3. Throw the ball silently /toss
4. Replace the old shoes /give
5. He occasionally observes people /watches
6. They will be lonely /swear
7. The sky is grey/seamless
8. She ate it all /selfishly
9. Better to be true /back
10.Wrap the gift neatly /prepare
11.Buy the expensive item /sew
12.He seems clever /drops on
13.We are sometimes courteous /stubborn
14.Wash frequently the clothes /push
15.Let us play tennis /sing
16.We should now withdraw /charming
17.I was somewhat prepared /retired
18.Sunlight makes raisins wrinkle /temperature
19.He is usually studying /tall
20.Have a traditional wedding /holiday
21.The hardly picked apples /throw
22.This drink seems cold/looks
23.They meet him often /obedient
24.They are going there /conservative
25.He occasionally knits them /dependent
26.She studies ancient texts /him
27.It hides over there /constant
28.He is so present /plant
29.They are very cautious /alone
30.I send it over /mail
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Annexe 4
Français
1. lui était présente elle toujours
2. d’ sont Espagne les oranges température
3. balle la jette lance silencieusement
4. chaussures donne remplace vieilles les
5. il observe occasionnellement les gens regarde
6. être vont jure seuls ils
7. ciel le homogène gris est
8. mangé elle a égoïstement tout
9. il est retour véritable mieux d’être
10.prépare le cadeau emballe soigneusement
11.coudre cher objet l’
12.il malin goutter à l’air
13.sommes nous têtu courtois parfois
14.les pousse lave fréquemment vêtements
15.allons tennis chanter jouer au
16.devrions nous retirer charmant nous
17.peu préparé j’ étais retraité
18.La lumière rend température ridés raisins
19.grand il souvent étudie
20.un organiser traditionnel mariage vacance
21.ramassées jetter pommes durement les
22.boisson cette regarde semble froide
23.ils obédient le régulièrement rencontrent
24.là-bas vont ils conservateur aller
25.tricote droite il occasionnellement les
26.étudie elle des textes anciens lui
27.constant c’est caché là-bas
28.est il présent plante tellement
29.prudents seul très sont ils
30.l’envois je courrier te
1. Elle était toujours présent/lui
2. Les oranges sont d’Espagne /température
3. Jette la balle silencieusement /lance
4. Remplace les vieilles chaussures /donne
5. Il observe occasionellement les gens /regarde
6. Ils vont être seuls /jure
7. Le ciel est gris/homogène
8. Elle a tout mangé /égoïstement
9. Il est mieux d’être véritable /retour
10.Emballe le cadeau soigneusement /prépare
11.Achète l’objet cher/coudre
12.Il a l’air malin /goutter
13.Nous sommes parfois courtois/têtu
14.Lave fréquemment les vêtements /pousse
15.Allons jouer au tennis /chante
16.Nous devrions nous retirer /charmant
17.J’étais peu préparé /retraité
18.La lumière rend les raisins ridés/ température
19.Il étudie souvent /grand
20.Organiser un mariage traditionnel/vacance
21.Les pommes ramassées durement /jeter
22.Cette boisson semble froide/regarde
23.Ils le rencontre régulièrement / obédient
24.Vont ils aller là-bas /conservateur
25.Il les tricotte occasionellement /droite
26.Elle étudie des textes anciens/lui
27.C’est caché par là-bas /constant
28.Il est tellement présent /plante
29.Ils sont très prudents /seul
30.Je te l’envois /courrier
References
1. ↑ Bargh, J.A. & Chartrand, T.L., (2000). The mind in the middle: A practical guide to
priming and automaticity research. In H.T. Reis and C.M. Judd (Eds.),
Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology, New York:
Cambridge University Press[1]
Retrieved from "http://www.replicate.vgbrain.net/index.php?
title=Priming_material&oldid=220"
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This page has been accessed 2,617 times.
244
Annexe 4
Neutral material
From Replicate Elderly-Slow Walking
Contents
▪ 1 Description
▪ 2 Material
2.1 English
▪
2.2 Français
▪
Description
The neutral scrambled sentences are exactly the same than the priming material but for
the sentences 4, 6, 7, 13, 17, 18, 20, 24, 26, 29. where the prime words have been
replaced by neutral words.
Material
For demonstration purpose the scrambled sentence will be written both shuffled and in
the right order. The participant only sees the scrambled order. Sentences in bold contain
a prime word. Items in italic are either a prime word or a prime word that has been
replaced by a neutral word.
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Annexe 4
English
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
him was present she always
from are Spain oranges temperature
ball the throw toss silently
shoes give replace red the
he observes occasionally people watches
be will swear happy they
sky the seamless blue is
ate she it selfishly all
be to back true better
prepare the gift wrap neatly
sew expensive buy item the
he clever drops on seems
are we stubborn courteous sometimes
the push wash frequently clothes
us tennis sing play let
should now withdraw charming we
somewhat prepared I was rested
sunlight makes temperature juicy raisins
is tall he usually studying
a have sumptuous wedding holiday
picked throw apples hardly the
drink this looks seems cold
they obedient him often meet
there are they balanced going
knits occasionally he occasionally them
studies she texts complicated him
constant it hides there over
is he present plant so
cautions alone very are they
send I mail it over
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
246
She was always present/him
Oranges are from Spain /temperature
Throw the ball silently /toss
Replace the red shoes /give
He occasionally observes people /watches
They will be happy/swear
The sky is blue/seamless
She ate it all /selfishly
Better to be true /back
Wrap the gift neatly /prepare
Buy the expensive item /sew
He seems clever /drops on
We are sometimes courteous /true
Wash frequently the clothes /push
Let us play tennis /sing
We should now withdraw /charming
I was somewhat prepared /rested
Sunlight makes raisins juicy/temperature
He is usually studying /tall
Have a sumptuous wedding /holiday
The hardly picked apples /throw
This drink seems cold/looks
They meet him often /obedient
They are going there /balanced
He occasionally knits them /dependent
She studies complicated texts /him
It hides over there /constant
He is so present /plant
They are very cautious /alone
I send it over /mail
Annexe 4
Français
1. lui était présente elle toujours
1. Elle était toujours présent/lui
2. d’ sont Espagne les oranges température
2. Les oranges sont d’Espagne /température
3. balle la jette lance silencieusement
3. Jette la balle silencieusement /lance
4. chaussures donne remplace rouges les
4. Remplace les chaussures rouges/donne
5. il observe occasionnellement les gens regarde
5. Il observe occasionnellement les gens /regarde
6. être vont jure heureux ils
6. Ils vont être heureux/jure
7. ciel le homogène bleu est
7. Le ciel est bleu/homogène
8. mangé elle a égoïstement tout
8. Elle a tout mangé /égoïstement
9. il est retour véritable mieux d’être
9. Il est mieux d’être véritable /retour
10.prépare le cadeau emballe soigneusement
10.Emballe le cadeau soigneusement /prépare
11.coudre cher objet l’
11.Achète l’objet cher/coudre
12.il malin goutter à l’air
12.Il a l’air malin /goutter
13.sommes nous fidèle courtois parfois
13.Nous sommes parfois courtois/loyal
14.les pousse lave fréquemment vêtements
14.Lave fréquemment les vêtements /pousse
15.allons tennis chanter jouer au
15.Allons jouer au tennis /chante
16.devrions nous retirer charmant nous
16.Nous devrions nous retirer /charmant
17.peu préparé j’ étais reposées
17.J’étais peu préparé /reposé
18.La lumière rend température juteux raisins 18.La lumière rend les raisins juteux/ température
19.grand il souvent étudie
19.Il étudie souvent /grand
20.un organiser somptueux mariage vacance
20.Organiser un mariage somptueux/vacance
21.ramassées jetter pommes durement les
21.Les pommes ramassées durement /jeter
22.boisson cette regarde semble froide
22.Cette boisson semble froide/regarde
23.ils obédient le régulièrement rencontrent
23.Ils le rencontre régulièrement / obédient
24.là-bas vont ils équilibré aller
24.Vont ils aller là-bas /équilibré
25.tricote droite il occasionnellement les
25.Il les tricote occasionnellement /droite
26.étudie elle des textes compliqués lui
26.Elle étudie des textes compliqués/lui
27.constant c’est caché là-bas
27.C’est caché par là-bas /constant
28.est il présent plante tellement
28.Il est tellement présent /plante
29.présent seul très sont ils
29.Ils sont très prudents /juste
30.l’envois je courrier te
30.Je te l’envois /courrier
Retrieved from « http://www.replicate.vgbrain.net/index.php?
title=Neutral_material&oldid=108 »
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Annexe 4
Welcome script
From Replicate Elderly-Slow Walking
Only the french version (see below) will be given to the experimenters.
Contents
▪ 1 English
1.1 Aim
▪
1.2 Script
▪
▪ 2 Français
2.1 Objectif
▪
2.2 Script
▪
English
Aim
The aim of this script is to provide to the experimenter strict guidelines on how to
interact with each single participants. This script will ve handed out to each
experimenter.
Script
As soons as you hear through the closed door that the participant has arrived and is
sitting on the chair next to the experiment room, proceed with the greetings. If a
participant is more than 15 minutes late, dismiss him or her without taking the test. If
the participant is paid with money, you will hand out the cash and make him or her fill
in the justification piece prior to the experiment.
Hello and thank you for coming to this experiment.
You invite the participant inside the romm and point him or her to the chair on which he
or she will remain to do the test. Take an envelop that enclose the questionnaire from
the pile and hand it out to the participant.
In this envelop, you will find a small french test. It might be normal to find that this
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Annexe 4
task is too easy. In fact, this is a dest developped by speech therapist and you are part
of the normal population on which we are calibrating it.
In this test, there are 30 scrambled sentences. In each sentence there is a word that
doesn’t fit in its meaning. Your task is to cross out that word and rewrite the sentence
in the right order on the line below it.
There is no time limit. Let me know when you are finished.
While the participant is doing the task, you quietly sit unnoticed in a corner of the
experiment room.
Français
Objectif
L’objectif de ce scritp est de fournir à l’experimentateur des lines de conduites strictes
pour interagire avec chaque participants. Ce script sera remis à chaque expérimentateur.
Script
Dès que vous entendez au travers la porte fermée que le participant est arrivé sur la
chaise à côté du local d’expérimentation, veuillez l’acceuillir. Si un participant a plus de
15 minutes de retard, vous devez le renvoyer. Si le participant est rémunéré en argent,
vous veillerez à lui donner directement le cash avec le justificatif à compléter avant
l’expérience.
Bonjour et merci de venir participer à cette expérience.
Vous faites rentrer le participant et lui indiquez la chaise sur laquelle il réalisera le test.
Vous prenez une enveloppe de la pile et lui remettez une enveloppe contenant un
questionnaire.
Dans cette enveloppe, tu trouveras une petite épreuve de français. Si celle-ci te semble
trop simple, c’est normal. Il s’agit en réalité d’un test qu’on développe en logopédie.
Vous êtes la population normale sur laquelle on calibre ce test.
Dans ce test, vous allez trouver 30 phrases mélangées. Chacune de ces phrases
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Annexe 4
comporte également un mot en trop, c’est-à-dire qu’il ne ve pas dans le sens de la
phrase. Votre tâche est barrer le mot en trop et de réécrire la phrase dans le bon ordre
sur la ligne en dessous de celle-ci.
Il n’y a pas de limite de temps. Faites-moi signe lorsque vous avez terminé.
Alors que le participant réalise la tâche, vous vous dirigez dans un coin de la pièce et
vous occupez de manière silencieuse.
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title=Welcome_script&oldid=51 »
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Annexe 4
Dismissal script
From Replicate Elderly-Slow Walking
Contents
▪ 1 English
1.1 Aim
▪
1.2 Script
▪
▪ 2 Français
2.1 Objectif
▪
2.2 Script
▪
English
This script will be in french (see below) and given to the experimenter)
Aim
Dismiss the participant in a utterly natural manner.
Script
When the participant summon you upon completion of the task simply tell him or her
that the experience is over. Thank the participant and dismiss him or her before the door.
Keep this phase brief.
The task is over. Thank you very much for you collaboration.
You can now go, have a pleasant day.
Collect that participants’ questionnaire and pile it in the ad hoc box.
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Annexe 4
Français
Objectif
Libérer le participant de manière la plus naturelle qui soit.
Script
Lorsque le participant aura terminé et vous appellera, dites-lui simplement que
l’expérience est terminée. Remerciez-le pour sa participation et libérez-le avant la porte.
Faites en sorte que ce moment soit bref.
L’expérience est terminée. Merci beaucoup pour votre collaboration.
Vous pouvez y aller, passez une bonne journée.
Ramassez le questionnaire du participant et placez-le dans la boite ad hoc.
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title=Dismissal_script&oldid=53 »
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Annexe 4
Data analysis
From Replicate Elderly-Slow Walking
Contents
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
1 Sources of data
2 Data collection
3 Data handling
4 Data analysis
4.1 Sample size
4.2 Exclusion criteria
4.2.1 Priming
4.2.2 Data acquisition
4.3 Outliers
4.4 Normality
4.5 Tests
4.6 Factors known to impact the effect
4.6.1 Certain
4.6.2 Speculative
4.7 References
Sources of data
There are three different sources of data. The priming questionnaires. The sensor
activity data. The post tests.
Data collection
The data collection is complete when at least 42 participants have been tested.
Data handling
Data should be passed on to the Data referee as soon as possible for processing. Priming
questionnaires should also be scanned and sent to Data referee. The data should only be
analyzed after full completion of the acquisition phase for the planned sample size.
Data analysis
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Annexe 4
The analysis should be planned and agreed upon in advance.
Sample size
As our estimate of effect size for the manual timing data, we shall use .88, which was
found in experiment 2b of Bargh et al., 1996 (the effect size was 1.04 in experiment 2a).
Based on this estimation, a total of 42 subjects per condition is necessary to achieve a
power of .95.
Exclusion criteria
Priming
Participant did not complete the priming questionnaire in a satisfactory manner.
Data acquisition
Problem with the sensors: It participants walking speed can not be extracted from the
raw data or if the testing session has been disrupted, the recoding of the sensors for that
particular participant has to be excluded from the analysis.
Outliers
People with walking times higher than 4 SD above (or below) the group mean will be
eliminated (based on McClelland, 2000).
Normality
The data will be checked for normality using Kolmogrov-Smirnov's test.
Tests
If the data do not deviate from normality, the means of the two groups will be submitted
to an independent samples t test (two tailed). Alpha will be set at .05. To increase power,
an ANCOVA will also be performed entering walking time (at the entrance of the hall)
as a covariate. In case of deviations from normality, transformations will be applied. If
the data are positively skewed, a logarithmic or square root transformation will be
implemented (based on McClelland, 2000). If no such transformation achieves
normality Mann-Withney's test will be applied.
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Annexe 4
Factors known to impact the effect
Certain
Activation of the concept or not
Speculative
Implicit attitudes: Check how those with a positive IAT differ of those with a negative
IAT. Participants are aware of the prime : (answer yes for question XXX -to be specified
when the debriefing is completed + correct id in the 4AFC).
References
McClelland, G. (2000). Nasty Data; In Reis, H. & Judd, C.M. Handbook of Research
Methods in Social Psychology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Retrieved from « http://www.replicate.vgbrain.net/index.php?
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This page has been accessed 1,593 times.
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Annexe 4
Contributors
From Replicate Elderly-Slow Walking
If you wish to contribute or support the project, please register on this wiki and add your
name to the list.
Contents
▪
▪
▪
▪
1 Editor
2 Referees
3 Contributors
4 Supporters
Editor
Referees
Contributors
▪
▪
▪
▪
Axel Cleeremans
Aurore Crabeels
Stéphane Doyen
Olivier Klein
Supporters
▪ Hal Pashler
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title=Contributors&oldid=122 »
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This page has been accessed 533 times.
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Annexe 4
Study 1 Method
From Replicate Elderly-Slow Walking
Although this site is primarily designed to provide a standard, detailed and publicly
criticized procedure to replicate Bargh et al. (1996), each replication attempt can display
very slight discrepancy from what is described in the Method section.
Given the availability of the resources (i.e.: the empty hallway, the experimenters and
the participants), this new replication attempt had to follow a very tight agenda that led
us to launch the experiment without fulfilling some of the planned steps. Here is a list of
the elements that differ from the initial project.
Contents
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
1 The Arbiter
2 The referee
3 The Set up
4 Additional measure
4.1 Infra Red Camera
4.2 Pictures
The Arbiter
We have engaged in an active process of finding an Arbiter that would meet the
requirement of neutrality and expertise in the field. However, we did not manage to
complete this step on time before the launch of the experiment.
The referee
Given the fact that no Arbiter was designated to oversee this experiment, no data nor
logistic referee was designated.
The Set up
Given the available space at the University of Brussels, we had to settle for a set up that
is as close as possible to what was planned in the initial project. However, the Post-Test
& Data acquisition room was located between sensor 1 and 2.
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Indeed, the participant was called back for the debriefing after he or she had crossed the
2 beams. However, such a set up means that sensor 1 is activated three times after the
priming manipulation:
▪ 1. When exiting (dependent variable measurement or walking time)
▪ 2. When he or she is called back for the debriefing
▪ 3. When the participant is completely finished and actually exiting the set up.
Additional measure
Infra Red Camera
In addition to the infrared sensors and the debriefing measures, we used infrared
cameras to record participants movement in the hallway. The recordings for which we
have the rights will be made available.
Pictures
Here are the pictures of the actual setup.
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Annexe 4
This arrow points to the floor where the experiment
takes place. This is what the participants saw as they
entered the building.
This is the hallway as the participants saw it on the
way in.
This is where the participants sat to complete the
scrambled sentences task.
This is the hallway as the participants saw it on the
way out.
This is the debriefing room. The participant took the
debriefing questionnaire on either of these
computers.
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Annexe 4
This is the control post where the overseers could
check the arrival of each participant with an infrared
camera.
This page was last modified on 3 July 2012, at 19:02.
This page has been accessed 761 times.
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Study 1 Results
From Replicate Elderly-Slow Walking
Contents
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
1 Pretest of the primes
2 Raw data
2.1 Sensor activity
2.2 Single-Category Implicit Association Test
2.3 Participants
2.4 Experimenters
3 Processed data
3.1 Walking Time
3.2 IAT scores
3.3 Awareness Scores
3.4 Speed deviation self report
3.5 4-AFC
3.6 Interview Time
3.7 Behavioral Priming Believable
4 Analysis
4.1 Participants exclusion
4.2 Walking time Analysis
4.3 Awareness Analysis
5 References
Pretest of the primes
To ensure that the primes were related to the concept of old age, we ran an online
survey in which we presented the french translation of the primes used in Bargh et al.
(1996). We ask the participants to rate on a 5 points scale (0 = Not at all, 5 = Very
much) each item according to this question: "According to you, how does each adjective
fit best the way belgian people represents themselves elderly?" 45 participants
responded to this survey whose answers are available here : File:Pretestprimes.zip. Only
the 10 items toping the ranking were retained as priming material which can be found
here: priming material
Raw data
Sensor activity
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Annexe 4
The walking speed is measured through infrared sensors disposed 9,75 meters apart in a
featureless hallway just as explained in the method section. Technically, participants
cross successively the beam of Sensor 1 or Channel 1 and the Sensor 2 or Channel 2 on
the way in. The pattern is inverted on the way out. The USB multipurpose recorder
generates a file that tracks the activity on each channel at 100Hz sample rate.
The walking time is obtained by substation of the timestamp information relative to the
activity on each channel:
CH2 - CH1 = Time to walk in
CH1 - CH2 = Time to walk out
Note that the electric activity is a number that varies form 0 to 255. Small deviation
from 0 (up to about 10) can be considered as noise in the system. Note also that for
some participants, the recoding does not reflect participants walking time. This is the
case when: someone unexpected walked in the hallway, one of the sensor lost sync or
the participant stopped between the two sensors. Note that in case of overlapping
participants (i.e.: the previous participant leaves the debriefing room while the following
one arrives) two data files are created. This doesn't void the exit time measurement.
These case are not frequent, are reported in the subjects file and should be excluded
from further analysis. Both the sensor data as well as the subjects file are enclosed in
this archive : File:Sensors.zip.
Single-Category Implicit Association Test
This task is adapted from Karpinski and Ross (2006) single-category Implicit
association test[1]. We used 4 pictures of each stimuli category (Good - Bad - Elderly)
The SC-IAT structure was as follow:
▪ Bloc 0 - Training 0: 30 trials with only good and bad pictures. Left label = Good,
Right label = Bad
▪ Bloc 1 - Training 1: 24 trials with all categories. Left labels= Good + Elderly, Right
label = Bad
▪ Bloc 2 - Experimental 1: 72 trials with all categories. Left labels= Good + Elderly,
Right label = Bad
▪ Bloc 3 - Training 2: 24 trials with all categories. Left labels= Good, Right label = Bad
+ Elderly
▪ Bloc 4 - Experimental 2: 72 trials with all categories. Left labels= Good, Right label =
Bad + Elderly
The raw data files are numbered according to participants number and are presented
in .txt tab separated.
The columns are:
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Annexe 4
▪ Subject: Participant's number
▪ Sexe : Gender
▪ Laterailte : handedness
▪ Task version: used for bloc randomization (not applicable)
▪ Bloc : bloc number in the above structure
▪ Left Label: what label was on the left
▪ Right Label: what label was on the right
▪ Concept position : on what side was the concept
▪ Trial : trial number
▪ Stimulus : what was the stimulus
▪ Stimulus ID : what was the stimulus ID
▪ StimulusAttribute: what was the category of stimulus
▪ Correct Key : what is the expected key
▪ Key pressed: what is the key pressed by the participant
▪ Correct : is this a correct response (1 = Yes, 0 = No)
▪ Correct LatencySec: Response time in seconds
▪ Latency: Response time in millisecond
File:Sc-IAT.zip
Participants
In the attached file, each level of assessment is represented by a letter: G for general, M
for medium and S for sharp.
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Annexe 4
G1 Au cours de cette expérience, avez-vous remarqué quoi
que ce soit d’inhabituel ? Oui Y Non N
G1_1 Qu’avez-vous remarqué de particulier au cours de
cette expérience ?
G2 Avez-vous remarqué quelque chose de particulier avec
les phrases mélangées ? Oui Y Non N
G2_2 Qu’avez-vous remarqué d’inhabituel avec les phrases
mélangées ?
G3 Avez-vous remarqué quelque chose d’inhabituel dans
votre comportement pendant l’expérience ? Oui Y
Non N
G3_3 Qu’avez-vous remarqué d’inhabituel dans votre
comportement ?
G4 Avez-vous remarqué quelque chose d’inhabituel dans le
comportement de l’expérimentateur ? Oui Y Non N
G4_4 Qu’avez-vous remarqué d’inhabituel dans le
comportement de l’expérimentateur ?
M1 Avez-vous remarqué un lien entre les phrases
mélangées ? Oui Y Non N
M1_1 Quel lien avez-vous perçu entre les phrases
mélangées ?
M2 Avez-vous remarqué un changement particulier dans
votre comportement après avoir réalisé la tâche de
phrases mélangées ? Oui Y Non N
M2_2 Quel changement avez-vous remarqué dans votre
comportement après avoir réalisé la tâche de phrases
mélangées ?
S1_A Par rapport à votre vitesse de marche habituelle,
pouvez-vous décrire si vous avez marché plus vite
(bougez le curseur vers la droite) moins vite (bougez
le curseur vers la gauche) ou avez gardé une allure de
marche normale (laissez le curseur inchangé et
validez la question) lorsque vous avez quitté la salle
d’expérience ?
S1_B Par rapport à votre vitesse de marche en entrant,
pouvez-vous décrire si vous avez marché plus vite
(bougez le curseur vers la droite) moins vite (bougez
le curseur vers la gauche) ou avez gardé une allure de
marche normale (laissez le curseur inchangé et
validez la question) lorsque vous avez quitté la salle
d’expérience ?
S1_1 A votre avis, à quoi est du ce changement de vitesse ?
S2 Pensez-vous que l’expérimentateur ait pu avoir une
influence sur votre vitesse de marche ? Oui Y Non N
S2_1 Comment l’expérimentateur a-t-il influencé votre
vitesse de marche ?
S3 Les phrases mélangées partageaient bien un concept
commun. Pouvez-vous nommer lequel ?
S4 En réalité, les phrase mélangées partageaient des mots se
rapportant à une catégorie sociale. Pouvez-vous
identifier laquelle ? A1 Les personnes âgées A2 Les
sportifs A3 Les personnes handicapées A4 Les
personnes maghrébines
S5 Une étude antérieure a montré que lire des mots en
rapport avec le concept de vieillesse dans des phrases
mélangées engendre un ralentissement de la marche
en quittant le local de l’expérience. Pensez-vous que
cela a été votre cas ? Oui Y Non N
File:Debrief-Participants.zip
264
G1 Did you notice anything unusual during this
experiment? Yes Y No N
G1_1 What did you notice with the experiment?
G2 Did you notice anything unusual with the
scrambled sentences? Yes Y No N
G2_2 What did you notice with the scrambled
sentences?
G3 Did you notice anything unusual with your
behavior? Yes Y No N
G3_3 What did you notice with your behavior?
G4 Did you notice anything unusual with the
experimenter's behavior? Yes Y No N
G4_4 What did you notice with the experimenter's
behavior?
M1 Did you find a link between the scrambled
sentences? Yes Y No N
M1_1 What link did you find between the
scrambled sentences?
M2 Did you notice any particular change in your
behavior after completing the scrambled
sentences? Yes Y No N
M2_2 What change did you notice in your
behavior after completing the scrambled
sentences?
S1_A Compared to your usual walking speed,
could you describe if you walked faster
(slide the cursor to the right) slower (slide
the cursor to the left) or kept a normal
walking pace (leave the cursor untouched)
when you left the experiment room?
S1_B Compared to your walking speed on the way
to the experiment room, could you describe
if you walked faster (slide the cursor to the
right) slower (slide the cursor to the left) or
kept a normal walking pace (leave the
cursor untouched) when you left the
experiment room?
S1_1 According to you, what caused this change is
speed?
S2 Do you think the experimenter could have had
any influence on your walking speed? Yes
Y No N
S2_1 How did the experimenter influenced your
walking speed?
S3 In fact, the scrambled sentences were related to
a common concept, could you tell which
one?
S4 In fact, the scrambled sentences shared words
related to a social category. Could you
identify with not? A1 Elderly A2
Sportsmen A3 Handicapped persons A4
Arabic people
S5 A previous study has shown that reading words
related to the concept of age leads to a
slower walking pace upon exiting the
experiment room. Do you think that this
was the car for you? Yes Y No N
Annexe 4
Experimenters
In the attached file, each level of assessment is represented by a letter: G for general, M
for medium and S for sharp.
G1 Avez-vous rencontré des difficultés pour réaliser
votre tâche ? Oui Y Non N
G1_1 Quelles difficultés avez-vous rencontrées ?
G2 Avez-vous remarqué quelque chose de particulier
avec votre tâche ? Oui Y Non N
G2_2 Qu’avez-vous remarqué de particulier avec votre
tâche ?
M1 Avez-vous remarqué quelque chose de particulier
avec le comportement de certains sujets ? Oui Y
Non N
M1_1 Qu’avez-vous remarqué de particulier avec le
comportement des sujets ?
M2 Avez-vous remarqué quelque chose de particulier
avec les phrases mélangées ? Oui Y Non N
M2_2 Qu’avez-vous remarqué de particulier avec les
phrases mélangées ?
S1 A votre avis, en quelques mots, quel est le but de
cette expérience ?
S2 Avez-vous remarqué quelque chose de changé dans la
vitesse de marche des participants ? Oui Y Non N
S2_2 Qu’avez-vous remarqué de changé dans la vitesse
de marche des participants ?
S3 Les phrases mélangées partageaient bien un concept
commun. Pouvez-vous nommer lequel ?
S4 En réalité, les phrase mélangées partageaient des
mots se rapportant à une catégorie sociale.
Pouvez-vous identifier laquelle ? A1 Les
personnes âgées A2 Les sportifs A3 Les personnes
handicapées A4 Les personnes maghrébines
File:Debrief-Experimenters.zip
Processed data
File:Data.zip
Walking Time
265
G1 Did you encounter any difficulty in
fulfilling you task? Yes Y No N
G1_1 What difficulty did you encounter?
G2 Did you notice anything unusual with
your task? Yes Y No N
G2_2 What did you notice with your task?
M1 Did you notice anything unusual with
the participants' behavior? Yes Y No
N
M1_1 What did you notice with the
participants' behavior?
M2 Did you notice anything unusual with
the scrambled sentences? Yes Y No
N
M2_2 What did you notice with the
scrambled sentences?
S1 According to you, what would be the
purpose of this experiment?
S2 Did you notice any change in
participants' walking speed? Yes Y
No N
S2_2 What change did you notice in
participants' walking speed?
S3 The scrambled sentences had a concept
in common. Could you tell which
one it is?
S4 In fact, the scrambled sentences shared
words related to a social category.
Could you identify with not? A1
Elderly A2 Sportsmen A3
Handicapped persons A4 Arabic
people
Annexe 4
3 measurement can be derived from the sensor activity.
1. Time to walk in (delta_in the data file) : CH2-CH1
2. Time to walk out (delta_out in the data file) : CH1-CH2
3. Time to complete the scrambled sentences (Time_Session) : CH2(out)-CH2(in)
Column G through I
IAT scores
The average response time per participant per trial type was computed following this
algorithm.
1. Only the experimental blocs were kept (Bloc 2 and 4)
2. Only the correct responses were kept
3. Only the congruent and the incongruent trials were kept
4. Those trials 3 standard deviation of the mean of their own type were deleted (126
trials out of 133040 at the sample level)
5. Average response time by trial type was computed for each participants.
D-IAT is the difference between the incongruent and congruent trials
Column J through L
Awareness Scores
Each level of awareness assessment was carefully examined. A participant received a 1
if he or she was able to provide an explanation that shows he or she had a certain degree
of awareness of the primes, the task or the effect. For each level a 1 was granted if the
participant demonstrated any glimpse of knowledge of any of these 3 entities. A "Note"
column was appended to report whether the participants had found out about other
aspects of the experiment such as the sensors or the camera. Column M through O and
U
Speed deviation self report
Column P refers to the self reported speed deviation from the usual walking speed
participant have. Column Q refers to the self reported speed deviation from participants'
walking speed on the way in.
4-AFC
Participants » forced choice amongst the 4 social categories presented.
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Annexe 4
Interview Time
The time the participants took to complete the limesurvey debriefing. This therefore
does not include the Sc-IAT.
Behavioral Priming Believable
This column displays participants' answer when we openly asked them whether the
behavioral effect of the primes was indeed believable.
Analysis
Participants exclusion
According to our preset rule, people with walking times higher than 4 SD above (or
below) the group mean will be eliminated (based on McClelland, 2000).
14 Experimenters were recruited for this experiment, none of which reported any
awareness of neither the particular hypothesis of the experiment nor the existence of the
experimental conditions or the participants assignation.
A total of 62 participants were tested, 31 in each condition. When asked directly, none
of them reported any awareness of the social category used in the scrambled sentences.
7 participants in the «No-Prime» condition and 7 «Prime» condition were excluded for
technical difficulties. These were mostly overlapping participants which made their
sensor data undistinguishable from one an other. 2 more participants in the «No-Prime»
condition where excluded from the sample for displaying abnormal walking
measurement (above 35 seconds) leaving the sample with 22 participants in the «NoPrime» and 24 in the «Prime» condition.
Walking time Analysis
In this analysis we used participant’s walking speed as they entered the hallway as
covariate. The result show no significant difference between the « Prime » (M = 6,95’’,
SD = 3,21) and the « No-Prime » (M = 7,52’’, SD = 1,66) condition (F(1,45) = .617, p
= .44, ŋ² = .014).
No significant relation between the walking time and the implicit attitudes measured by
the IAT was found (r = -.254, p = .24) in the «Prime» condition.
267
Annexe 4
Awareness Analysis
As previous noted, when asked directly, none of the participant reported any awareness
of the social category used in the scrambled sentences. The 4-AFC question revealed
that both condition did not differ in the social category they picked (ϰ²(1) = 1.103, p = .
29). 48,39% of the participants in the Prime condition chose the picture of the elderly
woman where as only 35,48% did in the Non-Prime condition.
References
1. ↑ The Single Category Implicit Association Test as a measure of implicit social
cognition. Karpinski, Andrew; Steinman, Ross B. Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology, Vol 91(1), Jul 2006, 16-32. doi : 10.1037/0022-3514.91.1.16.
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