EDPE 2015
PLENARY SPEAKERS
The plenary speakers include:
Prof. Helmut Weiß
Prof. Ivo Doležel
Prof. Miro Milanović
Assoc. Prof. Zdeněk Peroutka
Electric Vehicles: Advanced Drive Systems Requiring Top- Level Solutions Because of Heavy Constraints
Prof. Helmut Weiß, University of Leoben, Austria
Abstract: Electric vehicles are aeroplanes, railway locomotives, cars and motorcycles, and finally ships propelled by
electric drives. Catenaries for full power railways are a great supply, as well as a Diesel or turbine powered generator as
used with large ships, or specific photovoltaic cells integrated in the wings of a very special long distance scientific
aeroplane – for all of them we fortunately need not care for re- supply on our even long distance track.
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For general public usage, we usually take on- board electro- chemical batteries as energy sources, and/ or fuel cells,
respectively. These zero- emission battery driven cars and also small ships powered by batteries are the key points of this
review. We discuss system design, drive train components including energy sources and energy management and control
of these application- ready zero- emission vehicles.
A really basic question concerns the actual source of energy: Is it a fossil or a renewable one? A “True Zero Emission
Vehicle” includes renewable energy and the generation and storage part of complete power train. This leads us to a system
approach for the final task of sustainable mobility. Once we get energy available from renewable sources we transfer it into
practicable storage elements.
Unfortunately, we only yield few percent of the energy storage capability of liquid fuel tanks when we employ
electrochemical batteries. Several types of electrochemical batteries are evaluated including circuitry assisting in increasing
performance and survival rate of these batteries, e.g. a corresponding battery management with balancing, preferably
active. Fuel cells have to be seen critical for input energy storage, efficiency, life time, and additional measures for fast
varying loads.
Very important and highly selectable is the power train: It includes converter, motor, gear, tyres. There are various types of
conversion systems with different benefits and disadvantages to be checked and carefully optimized. Eventually we come
to motor types and their special designs and adaptations for vehicles. We have high demands for torque/ speed
characteristics, efficiency, cost, mass per power, speed range.
High dynamic demands and perfect drive performance with respect to efficiency require special and advanced controllers,
or control systems, respectively. Auxiliary drives and systems might be critical sources of energy loss and have to be
included in the system approach.
Hybrid vehicles are a special point of discussion. Are they more than a transition to full electric vehicles until we have
“perfect” batteries?
Eventually, essential safety issues for electric vehicles are explained. This presentation shall provide an insight into
development of electric vehicles, with practical examples but also defining research topics for the future of true zero
emission vehicles. A lot of hints for those researchers intending to start such business up to finalization of vehicle drives will
be presented.
Keywords: electric vehicle, hybrid vehicle, renewable energy system, power train
Biography: Prof. Dr.techn. Helmut Weiss graduated in Electrical Engineering from the Technical University of Graz in
1982. From 1982 to 1988 he worked as university assistant at the Institute of Electromagnetic Energy Conversion at the
same university and received the PhD in 1988. His was linked with the Technical University of Graz as a lecturer of the
course on “Power Electronics” during his affiliation with Siemens in Erlangen, Germany.
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In December 1988, he began to co- operate with Siemens with detailed design including simulation, implementation and
complete commissioning of the control of a novel 6 MW drive system with high dynamics for a 128 000 ton motor shovel for
brown coal. The drive system was composed of 3 induction machines at 2 MW each driven by PWM inverters, including
solution of several tasks linked with this project like high dynamics line rectifier and ground fault detection at PWM systems
with long cables. Next tasks included the high power high speed line controlled rectifier/ inverter for the fast radial field
amplifier of the Joint European Torus (JET) project, some simulations, and basic research on drive type evaluation for
electric vehicles. Over 3 years he was involved in design, laboratory test stand implementation with realization of original
measurement interfaces, control hardware, and open and closed loop control software for a DC- link inverter railway system
tie converter 50 Hz / 16.7 Hz at power ratings of 18 MVA peak / cos phi = 0.8 for German Railways. This unit passed
acceptance tests in 1994. His final tasks as Siemens employee included basic design, layout and presentation of a new
solution for high power rotating system tie converters which became an order to the company in 1995. Since 1995 he is full
professor at the “Montanuniversitaet” (University of Leoben) in Austria. Since 1995 his industrial activities at the university
included control system design and implementation at this rotating system tie converter, re- commissioning and further
development of the DC- link system tie converter, and special designs for renewable energy generation systems along with
several measurement and system evaluation actions. Research topics since 1995 are power electronics and control,
special machines, high efficiency high speed drives and variable speed generators, renewable energy generation systems,
and measurement methodology.
He was Chairman of EPE 2001 conference in Graz. He is author or co- author of more than 100 scientific papers published
in magazines and conference proceedings and holder of some patents. He holds several positions and received invitations
and plenary speaker obligations at international conferences. He has organized frequently national meetings especially
related to drives, and is leader of the platform “Drive Engineering and Power Electronics” at the Austrian community of
electrical engineers (OVE). He is also engaged in advanced education programs and methods over the full range of
technical education from pupils at primary and secondary schools, engineering studies (bachelor and master) and PhD
programs, in national and international co- operations.
Novel Fully Adaptive Higher- Order Finite Element Method for Monolithic Solution of Coupled Problems in Electrical
Engineering
Prof. Ivo Doležel Czech, Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic
Abstract: Numerous problems rooting in electrical engineering are characterized by interaction of several physical fields
influencing one another. Mentioned can be, for example, electromagnetic- thermal problems, electromechanical problems
and even more complicated problems involving thermoelasticity, flow, etc.
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All these physical fields are described by partial differential equations, whose coefficients represented by various material
parameters are generally functions of temperature and other state variables. These problems are usually solved
numerically by low- order finite element methods whose implementation is a standard in most commercial codes. These
codes (Opera, Flux, Ansys, MagNet, Comsol Multiphysics and others) mostly work with linear or quadratic elements and
solve the coupled tasks in quasi- coupled or even hard- coupled formulation. All of them use more or less sophisticated
adaptive techniques. And all of them are very expensive.
Our team consisting of three groups working at the University of Reno, Nevada, USA, Academy of Sciences of the Czech
Republic and University of West Bohemia) has been developing for about eight years its own codes Hermes and Agros,
freely distributable under the GNU General Public License. They are available on www page http:// hpfem.org/ main/. Both
of them are based on a fully adaptive higher- order finite element method and exhibit numerous quite unique features
(compared with other commercial codes):
Solution of the system of PDEs in a monolithic form (which means that the resultant numerical scheme is
characterized by just one stiffness matrix).
Fully automatic hp- adaptivity. In every iteration step the solution is compared with the reference solution (realized on
an approximately twice finer mesh), and the distribution of error is then used for selection of candidates for adaptivity.
Based on sophisticated and subtle algorithms the adaptivity is realized either by a subdivisision of the candidate
element or by its description by a polynomial of a higher order.
Each physical field is solved on quite a different mesh that best corresponds to its features. Special powerful higherorder techniques of mapping are then used to avoid any numerical errors in the process of assembling the stiffness
matrix.
In nonstationary processes every mesh can change in time, in accordance with the real evolution of the
corresponding physical quantities.
No problems with the hanging nodes appearing on the boundaries of subdomains whose elements have to be
refined. The code contains higher- order algorithms for respecting these nodes without any need of an additional
refinement of the external parts neighboring with the refined subdomain.
Curved elements able to replace curvilinear parts of any boundary by a system of circular or elliptic arcs. These
elements allow reaching highly accurate results near the curvilinear boundaries at a very low numbers of DOFs.
The presentation will provide more detailed information about the methodology and both codes, whose application will be
illustrated by an example of a thermoelastic actuator for accurate setting of position.
Keywords: AC- AC converter, AC- DC converter, modulation strategies, power factor correction, third and fifth voltage
harmonic injection.
Biography: Ivo Dolezel (1949) is full professor at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering of the Czech Technical University
(CTU) Prague, where he works as a vicehead of the Department of Electrical Power Engineering.
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He also works as a senior researcher with the Institute of Thermomechanics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech
Republic (vicehead of the Department of Electrophysics) and with the Faculty of Electrical Engineering of the University of
West Bohemia in Pilsen (head of the Department of Theory of Electrical Engineering). He finished his doctoral studies at the
Faculty of Electrical Engineering of CTU in 1973 and up to 2001 he was employed at the Institute of Electrical Engineering
of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. First he worked as a research engineer in the Department of the
Electromagnetic Field. In 1990 he was appointed the Vice- Director and in the period 1993-2001 he worked as the Director
of the Institute. Since November 2001 he has been working at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering of the CTU. His
professional interests are aimed at the numerical simulation of electromagnetic fields with particular emphasis on power
applications, coupled problems, special electrical machines, and electromagnetic compatibility. Prof. Dolezel is the author
or co- author of two monographs (CRC, Wiley), more than 350 refereed papers in scientific journals and conference
proceedings, and several large program packages used until present by main manufacturers of electrical appliances in the
Czech Republic. He successfully solved (as the principal investigator) 10 projects granted by GACR and a number of other
projects, both national and international. He is a member of several scientific boards, editorial boards, scientific committees
of prestigious international conferences, IEEE and CIGRE.
PWM Algorithms for IDF Correction of the Three- Phase AC- DC Converters
Prof. Miro Milanović, University of Maribor, Slovenia
Abstract: Today’s development of the different alternative sources as are usage of the solar, wind and hydrogen electrical
energy sources causes a different demands in today’s converter technology in order to established exact energy flow from
the energy sources to load.
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Usually the active converters are working with bi- directional power flow and also with unity power factor - PF (or input
displacement factor - IDF) correction with a possibility to generate an appropriate reactive power flow. In this paper the
modulation strategies are described, which enable operation of the converters with unity PF (or IDF) correction. In first step
a modulation strategies for a matrix structured direct ac to ac and ac to dc converter will be presented. In principle, for a
given set of input three phase voltages, any desired set of output voltages can be synthesized by suitable toggling matrix
switches. A mathematical proof that the direct ac to ac matrix converter can operate with the unity power factor was
provided by the analyses, which is coming from switching matrix approach. The unity IDF operation without current sensing
is achieved only by the appropriate modulation strategies.
In the second step as considerable interest in power electronics area is to design also the ac to dc converter (rectifier) with
unity IDF and/ or unity PF. The most general ac to ac conversion function has been modified and applied also for this
purposes. In the case of ac to dc conversion is also possible to prove that IDF correction does not required the current
measurement but only by using appropriate modulation algorithm. This modulation approach is based on the presumption
that the input voltages in the three- phase grid system are sinusoidal with a single tone in harmonic specter (at 50 Hz). As
are well known the grid supply voltages do not have such nice properties, there are higher harmonic components in voltage
spectrum.
So due to this at the third step the higher harmonic contents should be considered in PWM algorithm. Therefore in this
paper will be presented a PWM algorithm for a three phase ac- dc rectifier, where the third and fifth harmonics are
introduced in the duty cycle functions. Mathematical analysis shows that the unity IDF can be reached also by appropriate
evaluation of the duty- cycle functions as were indicated in two steps above. A PWM algorithm is proposed based on this
developed theoretical achievement. This approach enables a current sensor- less unity IDF converter operation. All PWM
algorithms were investigated theoretically and verified by simulations and experiment
Keywords: AC- AC converter, AC- DC converter, modulation strategies, power factor correction, third and fifth voltage
harmonic injection.
Biography: Miro Milanovic received the B.Sc., M.Sc. and the doctorate degrees in electrical engineering from the
EDPE 2015
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Biography: Miro Milanovic received the B.Sc., M.Sc. and the doctorate degrees in electrical engineering from the
University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia in 1978, 1984, and 1987, respectively.
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From 1978 to 1981 he worked as a Power Electronics Research Engineer at TSN Co. Maribor, Slovenia. From 1981 to the
present he has been a Faculty member of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of
Maribor, Slovenia. In 1993 he was a visiting scholar at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA and in 1999 he spent two
months at the University of Tarragona, Spain as a Visiting Professor. Currently he has a full professor position at the
University of Maribor and he also holds a head position at Institute of robotics. His main research interests include control of
power electronics circuits, unity power factor correction and switching matrix converters. He has published a great number
of papers in scientific journals and conference proceedings. He has authored three books in Slovenian language,
“Analogna integrirana vezja v industrijski elektroniki” (Analog Integrated Cuircuit in Industrial Electronics), “Uvod v
močnostno elektroniko” (Introduction to Power Electronics), and “Močnostna elektronika” (Power Electronics). Currently he
becomes an Associate Editor for Control of Power Electronics and Power Systems for the Croatian Journal Automatika
which is currently included in SCI- Expanded. Dr. Miro Milanovic served as vice- president of the Slovenian IEEE section in
the period 2002-2006.
Selected Problems of Modern AC Motor Traction Drives
Assoc. Prof. Zdeněk Peroutka, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic
Abstract: Transport systems and their electric drives are among the most important topics of the research worldwide. The
popularity of this field significantly increased in recent years due to advance and high publicity of hybrid and electric car
technologies.
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The traction drives, i.e. the drives of trolley- buses, trams, metro train sets, locomotives and suburban units, is a field with
long standing research tradition where many of technologies which are at present adopted in electric cars come from. This
contribution analyzes selected problems of modern ac motor traction drives and discusses their possible solutions.
Specifically, it will focus on the following topics:
(i) dc- link LC filter effects in traction drives supplied from dc catenary,
(ii) design considerations for modern light traction vehicle drive, and
(iii) research trends in multi- system and ac catenary fed traction drives for locomotives and particularly suburban units. The
description of these issues will be completed by case studies introducing possible industrial solutions.
The oscillations of an input trolley- wire LC filter are one of the main constraints of traction drives of all vehicles fed from dc
catenary. This problem is further complicated in multi- motor propulsion units which operate many drives with their naturally
almost undamped dc- link LC filters in parallel. The problems with input LC filter are closely linked with frequency
characteristics of the whole drive and so- called "drive resonant frequency". The used dc- link LC filter significantly affects
the drive control and this phenomenon will be explained in this contribution.
In the light traction vehicles such as trolley- buses, electric buses and specifically trams, the main focus is paid to the
development of fully low- floor vehicles. A typical solution to this problem at present is a wheel drive concept. The wheel
drive must offer extremely small dimensions, high efficiency and reliability. Permanent magnet motors can satisfy,
particularly in case of demand for gearless wheel drive, these requirements. This contribution will discuss a design of such
a drive. The drive development requires careful consideration of the motor parameters, which are the trade- off between
dimensions and efficiency, and specific drive control making possible to satisfy demanded torque- speed curve while the
extremely small drive size is kept. The safety constraints must also be considered when permanent magnet based
technology is used.
The research trends in traction converter topologies for multi- system locomotives and particularly suburban units supplied
by an ac catenary are strongly oriented towards the reduction of weight and dimensions of a new generation of electrical
equipment used in these vehicles. The investigated traction converter configurations are often inspired by known topologies
from switching power supplies, which are however operated at dramatically different power levels. One of the perspective
configurations of the new traction converters is a topology employing medium- frequency transformer (MFT). This
contribution will discuss the perspective solutions of a new generation of main traction converters with MFT
Keywords: traction; control; multilevel converters
Biography: Dr. Zdeněk Peroutka received master and PhD degrees in Electrical Engineering from the University of West
Bohemia (UWB), Pilsen, Czech Republic in 2000 and 2004, respectively.
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Since 2006, he is an Associate Professor and the Head of the Section of Power Electronics and Control Systems at UWB.
Since March 2010, he serves as a Vice- Dean for Science and Strategy and deputy Dean of the Faculty of Electrical
Engineering at UWB. Since October 2010, he is a Scientific Director and Principal Investigator of the Regional Innovation
Centre for Electrical Engineering (RICE) which is the new research centre at UWB.
Research activities of Dr. Peroutka concern power electronics, electrical drives, control theory and microprocessor- based
control systems. He has paid significant attention to the research into the drives and their control of the modern transport
systems and vehicles. From his activities should be highlighted especially his cooperation with Škoda Plzeň company on
development of several vehicles (recent reference: control of a new gearless wheel drive with PMSM for a new generation
of trams Škoda - series "ForCity"). The power electronics converters and systems for power engineering mainly for
medium- voltage applications are the next important field of his research. In recent years, Dr. Peroutka focused his
research on control theory and parameter identification techniques for the drives.
Dr. Peroutka has published more than 80 papers in international journals and conferences. He is inventor of one patent and
two utility models. He has received several national and international awards. From these honors should be highlighted best
paper awards in conferences EPE- PEMC 2006, EDPE 2007 and EPE- PEMC 2010. He serves as a reviewer at several
international conferences and in distinguished journals such as IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. He is a
member of IEEE and EPE.
Updated: Wednesday, September 14, 2011 09:25:09 PM
EDPE 2015