FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA
TECHNICAL REPORT NO.
1968
55
FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA
Technical Repor cs
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Some of the material in these Revorts will
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FISHERIES RESEAROi BOARD OF CANADA
TEOiNICAL REPORT NO. 55
A Laboratory Manual for the
Identification of British Columbia Marine Zooplankton
by
John Fulton
FISHERIES RESEAROi BOARD OF CANADA
Biological station, Nanaimo, B. C.
Pacific Oceanographic Group
May 1968
Index
Introduction
References to the Oceanography
Map of the Strait of Georgia (Figure 1)
Coelenterata
Medusae
11
Key to the Medusae (Figure 2)
13
References to the Medusae
15
Siphonophora
References to the Siphonophora
Ctenophora
17
19
20
References to the Ctenophora
21
Annelida
Pol ychaeta
References to the Polychaeta
23
25
Crustacea
Cladocera
27
Key to the Cladocera (Table 1)
28
References to the Cladocera
29
Ostracoda
References to the Ostracoda
31
32
Copepoda
Calanoida
33
Cyclopoida
45
Harpacticoida
47
Monstrilloida
49
-il-
Key to the Adult Copepoda (Figure 3)
51
Size of the Copepod nauplii (Table 2)
69
Size of copepodite stages (Table 3)
71
Relationship of wet weight to dry weight (Figure 4)
75
Relationship of dry weight to pro some length (Figure 5)
77
Relationship of wet weight to prosome length (Figure 6)
79
Relationship of total length to pro some length (Figure 7)
81
References to the adult Copepoda
83
References to the nauplii and copepodite stages
Mysidacea
References to the Mysidacea
OJmacea
References to the OJmacea
Amphipoda
91
93
98
99
102
103
Key to the Amphipoda (Table 4)
109
Relationship of length to wet weight for Parathemisto (Figure 8)
113
References to the Amphipoda
115
Euphausiaceae
117
Key to the Euphausiaceae (Table 5)
119
Relationship of length to wet weight for Euphausiids (Figure 9)
121
References to the Euphausiaceae
Decapoda
References to the Decapoda
Chaetognatha
123
125
127
129
Key to the Chaetognatha (Table 6)
131
Relationship of length to wet weight for Chaetognaths (figure 10)
133
References to the Chaetognatha
135
-lll-
Mollusca
Pteropoda
137
References to the Pteropoda
138
References to the Tunicata
141
Tunicata
139
A Laboratory Manual for the
Identification of British Columbia Marine Zooplankton
by
John Fulton
1NTROOOCTION
The systematics of the zooplankton of the Northeastern Pacific coastal
~
waters has been investigated by various workers since the pioneer work of
Herdman, Thompson and Scott 1n 1898.
The present report is an attempt to
surrmarize the work to date and to sort out some of the synonymies and the
errors which have occurred in the past.
This work has been done in conjunction
wi th an extensive study of the biological oceanography of the Strait of Georgia.
The Strait of Georgia biological oceanography program began in January
1965 and is continuing.
Thus far, some 1200 samples have been taken with
a modified Hensen net hauled vertically, and some 1300 samples have been
taken with high speed Miller nets towed horizontally.
from uNi tex" mesh with 350 p openings.
The nets were constructed
Quantitative results of the plankton
sampling have been reported by Bishop et al (1966), Stephens et al (1947) and
Fulton et 01 (1967).
At the beginning of the program it was necessary to sort and identify
all the species of zooplankton collected.
To facilitate the work, a reference
collection of identified zooplankton species was established.
Although the
bulk of the specimens in the present collection were captured in regular
plankton nets, a few specimens were captured with other types of gear,
notably mid-water trawls.
All of the specimens in the present collection
-2-
have been taken in the strait of Georgia, 'Saanich Inlet, or Juan de Fuca Strait,
since 1964, by personnel of the Fisheries Research Board.
In addition, species
found in British Columbia coastal waters by earlier workers are included in
the lists.
For some species, it has been possible to include a few brief semiquantitative remarks on their ecology.
The following terms have been used
throughout.
x~-
Species observed in the present collection.
A - Species observed by previous workers but not in the present collection.
SUrface
Samples taken from less than 50 m
Mid-depth
Samples taken from deeper than 50 m but less than 200 m
Deep
Samples taken from deeper than 200 m
Rare
Less than one organism per 25 m3
Common
1-25 organisms per 25 m3
Abundant
More than 25 organ! sms per 25 m3
Very Abundant
More than 25% of the biomass
It is to be noted that the above terminology refers to the distribution and
abundance most frequently observed and does not seek to delimit or define
the absolute lim! ts of a species.
The bibliography has been selected, wherever possible, from systematic
work done in British Columbia coastal waters.
Where there is no local refer-
ence or taxonomic description of a species in the present collection, the
author has included references to taxonomic descriptions from other parts
of the world.
References which the author found most useful for identifica-
tions are marked with an asterisk.
-3-
Artificial keys based on gross features of whole specimens are included
for some of the more difficult groups for easy recognition.
Measurements of
the life history stages of some of the colTltlon species of copepods and the lengthweight relationships for dominant organisms are taken from specimens preserved
1n 10% formalin-seawater solutions.
It should be noted that some organisms
shrink as much as 10% when preserved.
The 'Strai t of Georgia is a rectangular basin connected to the ocean by
Discovery Passage to the northwest and by Juan de Fuca 5trai t to the south.
surface salinity 1s mainly influenced by runoff water from the Fraser River
and land drainage from the coastal mountains.
Euryhaline plankters, and
occasionally fresh water plankters, occur in runoff water from the Fraser
River and in some shallow bays and inlets.
Oceanic plankton is carried into
the basin when deep water is formed in channels of the San Juan Islands,
mainl y during the late summer and autumn.
Biological Oceanography of Georgia Strait has been previously reported
by Cameron and Mounce (1922), Lucas and Hutchinson (1927), and Hutchinson
(1928).
The Physical Oceanography is given by Waldichuk (1957).
Complete
references to the oceanography and fisheries of the Strait of Georgia are
included.
Acknowledgement
The author is grateful to his colleagues and especially to Mr. R.J.
LeBrasseur for discussion and assistance in the preparation of this manuscript.
-4-
References to the Oceanography
Barraclough, W.E.
1964.
Contribution to the Marine Life History of the
Eulachon Thaleichthys pacificus.
J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, 21 (5)a
1333-1337.
MS, 1967.
Number, size and food of larval and juvenile fish caught
with a two boat surface trawl in the Strait of Georgia April 25-29, 1966.
Fish. Res. Bel. Canada, Manuscript Report No. 922, 54 pp.
MS, 1967.
Number, size and food of larval and juvenile fish caught
with an lsaacs-Kidd trawl in the surface waters of the strait of Georgia
April 25-29, 1966.
Fish. Res. Bd. canada, Manuscript Report No. 926.
79 pp.
MS, 1967.
Number, size composition and food of larval and juvenile
fish caught with a two boat surface trawl in the Strait of Georgia June
6-8, 1966.
Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, Manuscript Report No. 9281 58 pp.
Barraclough, W.E. and
J.~.
Fulton.
MS, 1967.
Number, size composition and
food of larval and juvenile fish caught with a two boat surface trawl in
the Strait of Georgia July 4-8, 1966.
Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, Manuscript
Report No. 940a 82 pp.
Barracough, W.E. and M. Waldichuk.
1954.
Offshore characteristics in the
deep waters of the Strait of Georgia as indicated by bathypelagic fish.
J. Fishe Res. Bd. canada, 11 (5)a
Bernard, F.
1967.
501-506e
Prodrome for a distributional check-list and bibliography
of the recent marine mollusca of the west coast of Canada.
Canada, Tech. Apt.
2a 261 pp.
Fish. Res. Bd.
-5-
Bishop, S.O., J.D. Fulton, 0.0. Kennedy and K. Stephens.
Recorda
MS, 1966.
Data
Physical, Chemical and Biological Data, strait of Georgia, 1965.
Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, Manuscript Report (Oceanogr. and Limnol.), No.
211. 171 pp.
Gameron, A. T. and I. Mounce.
1922.
Some Physcial and Chemical Factors
Influencing the distribution of Marine Flora and Fauna in the strait of
Contrib. Can. BioI. 1 (4)1
Georgia and Adjacent Waters.
Forrester, C.R. and K.so Ketchen.
Trawl fishery.
1963.
Bull. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, No. 139. 81 pp.
Fulton, J.D., 0.0. Kennedy, K. Stephens and J. Skelding.
Record.
1966.
41-70.
A review of the Strait of Georgia
MS, 1967.
Data
Physical, Chemical and Biological Data, Strait of Georgia,
Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, Manuscript Report No. 915, 145 pp.
Gilhousen, P.
1960.
Migratory behaviour of adult Fraser River Sockeye.
International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission, Prog. Rept. 1960.
Hart,
J~L.
and J.L. McHugh.
1944.
The smelts (Osmendae) of British Columbia.
Bull. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, No. 64, 27 pp.
Herlinveaux, R.H.
1954.
Bd. Canada, 11 (6)'
Hutchinson, A.H.
1928.
Tidal currents in Juan de Fuca Strait.
J. Fish. Res.
799-815.
A Bio-hydrographical investigation of the sea adjacent
to the Fraser River mouth.
Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, Sere 3, 22 (5).
293-310.
Hutchinson, A.H. and C.C. Lucas.
1930.
Effect of the Fraser River on the
waters and phytoplankton of the Strait of Georgia.
Sci. Cong.
1931.
231-284.
Proc. Fourth Pacific
1929, 3, 443-448.
Epithalassa of the strait of Georgia.
Canadian J. Res., 5,
-6-
HutchJ.nso'1~
A.H., C.C. Lucas and M. McPhail.
1929.
Seasonal variations In
the chemical and physical properties of the waters of Georgia Strait In
Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, 23 (5).
relation to phytoplankton.
177-183.
An oceanographic survey of the Stra t of Georgia.
1930.
Contr.
Marine 8101., VII, Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford University, Calif.,
pp 87-90.
Lucas, C.C.
1929.
Further oceanogrpahic studies of the sea adjacent to the
Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, 23 (5).
Fraser River mouth.
Lucas, C.C. and A.H. Hutchinson.
1927.
A blohydrographica
the sea adjacent to the Fraser River lDOuth.
Ser. 3, 21 (5}a
British Co umbia.
T~R.
investigation of
Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada,
485-520.
Mllpejl D.J .. and H. Godrey.
Parsons,
29-58.
1964.
The Chinook and Coho Salmon Fisheries of
Bull. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, No. 142& 46 pp.
M.S., 1965.
A general description of some factors governing pr mary
Georgia~
production in the Strai t of
sou.nd and the N.E. Pacific Ocean.
Hecate 'Strai t and QUeen Charlotte
Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, Manuscript
Report No. 193& 34 pp.
Pickard,
G.t.
1954.
a;s~,
Currents in Georgia Strait and Trincomali Channel -
31 May-9 July, 1954.
Manuscript Report lnst. of Oceanogr.
University of B.C., Vancouver.
1956.
Surface and bottom currents in the Stra
Res. Bd. Canada, 13 (4).
Pickard~
Got. and D.C. McLeod.
t
of Georgia.
1953.
Seasonal variation of temperature and
salinity of surface waters of the British Colwnbla coast.
8. canada, 13 (4).
J. Fish.
581-590.
581-590.
J. F sh. Res.
-7-
Quayle, D.B.
1964.
Distribution of Introduced Marine Mollusca in Bri Ush
Columbia waters.
Scagel, R.F.
Res.
1961.
ed.
Shand, J .A.
Canada, 21 (5)1
1155~1l81.
Bull. Fish
canada, No. 127. 39 pp.
1953.
Internal waves in Georgia strait.
Union, 34 (6).
Taylor, F.H.C.
1964.
Herring stocks.
Tully, J.P.
ad.
J. Fish. Res.
Marine plant resources of British Columbia.
Trans. Amer. Geophys.
849-856.
Life history and present status of British Columbia
Bull. Fish. Res. ed. canada, 143. 81 pp.
and A.J. Dodimead.
1957.
Properties of the water in the Strait
of Georgia and influencing factors.
J. Fish. Res.
ed.
Canada, 14 (3).
241-319.
Verhoeven, L.A. and E.B. Davidoff.
Sockeye Salmon.
1962.
Marine tagging of Fraser River
International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission Bull.
13. 132 pp.
Vernon, E.H.
1958.
An examination of factors affecting the abundance of Pink
Salmon in the Fraser River.
Internationl Pacific Salmon Fisheries Com-
mission Prog. Rpt. 1958.
Waldichuk, M.
Columbia.
1957.
Physical Oceanography of the Strait of Georgia, British
J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, 14 (3).
321-486.
-9-
Figure 1.
Map 0 f t he strait of Georgia.
-11COELENTERATA
(A)
Medusae
The list of the medusae has been restricted to those species which
were encountered in plankton samples..
A more complete list including the
species found in shallow water is given by Foerster (1923).
Sketches of
the more common spe-cies are found in Figure 2.
Hybocodon prolifera
(Agassiz, 1862)
Foenter, 1923
Hybocodon prolifera
*Russell, 1953
Mackie and Mackie, 1963
Remarks.
X; SUrface; Rare; 'Summer.
Rathkea octopunctata
(M. Sars, 1835)
Rathkea blumenbachii
McMurrich, 1916
Foerster, 1923
Rathkea octopunctata
*Russell, 1953
Remarks.
X; SUrface; Rare; Summer.
(Agassiz, 1862)
Phialidiurn languidum var.
greqarium
Phialidium greqarium
Remarks.
X; SurfaceJ AbundantJ Sununer.
Aeguorea aeQUorea
Aeguorea forskalea
Aeguorea aeguorea
Remarks.
Foerster, 1923
*Kramp, 1962
Mackie and Mackie, 1963
Rossen-Runge, 1964
(Forskal, 1775)
*Fraser, 1916
Foerster, 1923
Mackie and Mackie, 1963
X; Surface; Common; SUmmer and Fall.
-12-
Proboscidactyla flavicirrata
Proboscidactyla flavicirrata
Remarks.
(Brandt, 1B34)
Foerster, 1923
Hyman, 1940
*Mackie and Mackie, 1963
X, SUrface; Common; SUmmer.
Muller, 1766
Foerster, 1923
*Hyman, 1940
Kramp, 1961
Mackie and Mackie, 1963
Remarks.
X; Deep; ColIIll.on; SUnrner.
Eschscho1 tz, 1829
Foerster, 1923
Hyman, 1940
*Russell, 1953
Mackie and Mackie, 1963
Remarks.
X; Deep; Common, All year.
-13-
Figure 2
Key to Pelagic Medusae - strait of Georgia
~
7
5
e·"
;
.
3
Body dl se shaped
(21)
()
four radiating canals
many radiating canals
Phlalidium
Aeguorea
Body bell shaped
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
many small tentacles on margin of bell
four tentacles through the upper surface of the bell
tentacles arranged sytn.ltetricall y In four clumps
on margin of the bell
four clumps of tentacles on margin of bell, one clump
larger than others
tentacles usually curled up inside bell In preserved
specimens
Aqlantha
Aeglna
Rathkea
Hybocodon
Probosc1dactyla
-15-
References to the Medusae
Foerster, R.E.
1923.
The Hydromedusae of the West Coast of North America,
with special reference to those of the Vancouver Island Region.
can. BioI. N.S., la
Fraser, C. Mel.
1916.
On the development of Aeguorea forskalea.
Roy. Soc. Canada Sere 3, 10 (5)1
Hyman, L.H.
1940.
The Invertebrates.
McGraw-Hill (New York).
Kramp, P.L.
1961.
1962.
Protozoa through Ctenophora.
726 pp.
Pac. sc., 16 (1). 25-29.
Mackie, G.O. and G.V. Mackie.
1963.
Systematic and Biological Notes on
Living Hydromedusae from Puget Sound.
1964.
On the Biology of sexual reproduction of Hydromedusae, i
Genus ~ Leuckhart.
Press.
Contr1. ZooL Nat. Mus. Can.
63-83.
Rossen-Runge, E.L.
Russell, F.S.
J. Mar. BioI.
7-469.
Notes on some Eastern Pacific species of Phialidium
(Leptomedusae).
Bull. 199.
Trans.
97-104.
Synopsis of the medusae of the world.
Assoc. U.K., 40,
Contrib.
221-277.
1953.
530 pp.
Pac. Science, 16 (l}a
The medusae of the British Isles.
15-24.
Cambridge Univ.
-)7-
a:ELENTERATA
(B)
Siphonophora
The s pnonophores of the Northeastern Pacific have been identified by
Dr. GoOo Mackie and reported by Berkeley and Berkeley (1960).
Some of the
specimens ifl the prese:;t collection were kindly Idertified by Dr. A.K. Totton
of the British Museum of Natl:ral History.
Chiaje, 1841
Stephanomla bi 'uga
Nanomia bl1lJga
Remarksa
Bigelow, 1911
Tot ton, 1954
Berkeley and Berkeley, 1960
*Totton, 1965a
AJ This species has been recorded from Oak Bay and Friday
HarboJ.r.
A. Agassiz, 1865
Naf'lomia sp. (!!.
NMomia E2!!
Remarksa
~
Agassiz)
Berkeley and Berkeley, 1960
Mack e and Boag, 1963
*Totton, 1965a
A; Reported from Friday Harbour, Oak Bay and Sidney I sland
regIons.
Totton, 1965
? Dlphyes~
Lenda sp. aff. leloupi
Le'"'sia .2!ill
Remarksa
Blgelow, 1913
Totton, 1965a
*Totton, 1965b
X; Deep; Rare; Spring and SUmmer. T pe specimen from Burke
Channel. Named for Dr. B.McK. Barry, lnst! tute of Oceanography, University of Bri Ush Columbia.
-18o.mningham, 1892
*Totton and Fraser, 1955
Berkeley and Berkeley, 1960
Mackie and Boag, 1963
Totton, 1965a
Remark.s.
XI Rarel Deepi All year.
Dimophyes
Dimophyes arctica
Remarks.
.!!.£!!.£!
Chun, 1897
*Totton and Fraser, 1955
Berk.eley and Berkeley, 1960
Totton, 1965a
XI Deepi Coamonl All year.
Chelophyes appendiculata
Diphyes appendiculata
Chelophyes appendiculata
Remarks.
{Eschscholtz, 1829}
McMurrich, 1916
*Totton, 1965a
AI Identified 1n deep samples from Burke Channel.
-19References to the Siphonophora
Berkeley, E. and C. Berkeley.
1960.
Some further records of pelagic
polychaeta from the Northeast Pacific north of latitude 4cf Nand
east of longitude 175- W.
Bigelow, H.B.
1913.
can. J. Zool., 38, 787-799.
Medusae and siphonophorae collected by the U.S.
Fisheries steamer "Albatross" in the Northwestern Pacific, 1906.
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 44, (1946)
Mackie, G.O. and D.A. Boag.
siphonophoreso
McMurrich, J.P.
1963.
1-119.
Fishing, feeding and digestion in
Publ. staz. Napoli, 33.
1916.
Notes on the plankton of the B.C. Coast.
Roy_ Soc. Canada, Sere 3, 10 {5}t
Totton, A.K.
1965a.
178-196.
Trans.
75-89.
A synopsis of the siphonophore.
British Mus. Nat.
Hist. 230 pp.
1965b.
A new species of Lensta (Siphonophora Diphydae) from
the coastal waters of Vancouver, B.C.; and its compari son with Lensia
achilles
Totton and another new species Lensia cordata.
Mag. Nat. History, 13 (8) a
Totton, A.K. and J.H. Fraser.
Ann. and
71-76.
19~5.
Siphonophora.
Fich. Ident. Zoopl., 55.
-20CTENOPHORA
Ctenophores are the most important invertebrates in the euphotic zone
of the Strait of Georgia from late June until mid-October.
Mayer (1912)
discusses their biology and taxonomy.
(Muller, 1776)
Pleurobrachia pileus
Pleurobrachia bachei
Pleurobrachia rhododactyla
Pleurobrachia pileus
Remarksl
A. Agassiz, 186~
Wailes, 1929
A. Agassiz, 1865
Mayer, 1912
Wailes, 1929
*L11ey, 1958
Xi SUrface; Very abundant; SUmmer and Fall.
Bol1nopsis infundibulum
Bolinopsis infundibulum
Bolinopsis microptera
Bol1nopsis infundibulum
Remarks.
Xi SUrface; Abundant;
(MUller, 1776)
Mayer, 1912
Wailes, 1929
*Liley, 1908
This is a fragile species which
disintegrates in a plankton net. Bolinopsis was observed in
the shallow water of Departure Bay and Long Harbour in the
spring of 1967.
Fabricius, 1730
A. Agassiz, 1860
Mayer, 1912
Mayer, 1912
Mortensen, 1927
Wailes, 1929
Berkeley, 1930
*Liley, 1908
Remarksl
X, Deep, Rare, All year. There seems to be no trace in the
literature of Wailes' species!!. abyssorum. Specimens from
the deep water of strait of Georgia resemble Mayer's description
of !!. cucumis.
-21-
References to the Ctenophora
Agassiz, Alexander.
1865.
North American Acalephae.
Harvard Unlv. Mus. of
Comparative Zoology - Illustrated Gat.
Berkeley, C.
1930.
Symbiosis of Berae and a Flagellate.
Contri. Gan. Biol.
N.S., 6 (2).
Liley, R.
1958.
Mayer, A.G.
ctenophora.
1912.
Fich. Ident. Zoopl., 82.
Ctenophores of the Atlantic coast of North America.
carnegie lost. Wash. Pub., 162, 58 pp.
Mortensen, T.L.
1927.
Two new Ctenophores.
Pacific expedition, 1914-1916, 39.
83.
Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's
Videos Nedd. fra Dansk. Nat. Foren,
277-288.
Wailes, G.H.
1929.
Marine-Zoo-Plankton of Bri Ush Columbia.
Notes (Vancouver), 4 (4"
159-165.
Mus. and Art
-23POLYCHAETA
Four polychaete species occur in the present collection.
In most deep
hauls In the Strait of Georgia polychaetes make up 10% to 20% of the total
biomass.
The most complete keys for the North Pacific Polychaeta are given
by Dales (1957).
Rhynchonerella angelini
Rhvnchonerella angelini
Callizona angelini
Rhvnchonerella angelini
Remarks.
Kinberg, 1866
Berkeley, 1930
*Berkeley and Berkeley, 1948
Berkeley and Berkeley, 1957
Dales, 1957
Berkeley and Berkeley, 1960
rabble, 1962
X; surface; Rare; Spring.
Tomopteri s septentrional i
Tornopterl s septentrional! 5
5
Quatrefuges, 1865
Berkeley, 1924
Wailes, 1929
Berkeley and Berkeley, 1948
*Oales, 1957
Berkeley and Berkeley, 1957
rabble, 1962
Remarks.
Xf Mid-depth and deep; Abundant.
Berkeley and Berkeley, 1948
Tomopteris pacifica
Tomopteris ~
Remarks.
X; Deep; Rare.
Berkeley, 1924
Wailes, 1929
Berkeley, 1930
*Berkeley and Berkeley, 1948
Dales, 19~7
Berkeley ard Berkeley, 19~7
Berkeley and Berkeley, 1960
Tebble, 1962
-24Typhloscolex muller!
Typhloscolex muller!
Remarks.
XJ DeepJ Rare.
Busch, 1851
*Berkeley and Berkeley, 1948
Dales, 1951
Tebble, 1962
-25-
References to the Polychaeta
Berkeley, E.
Pt.
~
1930.
Polychaetous annelids from the Nanaimo District.
Armlocharidae to Myzostomidae.
Contrib. Can. Bl01. N.S.,
6, 65-77.
Berkeley, E. and C. Berkeley.
1948.
Polychaeta Errantia.
Fish. Res. Bd.
Canada, Canadian Pacific Fauna, No. 9b (1), lOOpp.
1957.
On some pelagic Polychaeta from the Northeast Pacific North
of laU tude 4(f N and East of 10ng1tude 175D W. Can. J .. Zoology
35, 573-578.
1960.
Some further records of pelagic polychaeta from the North-
east Pad fie North of latitude 40 0 N and East of longitude 175
0
w.
Can. J .. Zoology. Vol. 38, 787-799.
Dales, R.P.
1957.
Pelagic polychaetes of the Pacific Ocean.
BulL Scripps
lost. Oceanogr., 7 (2)1 99-168.
rebble, N.
1962.
The distribution of pelagic polychaetes across the
North Pacific Ocean.
Bull, Brit. Mus. (Nat. History) Zoology,
7 (9), 373-492.
Izuka, Ahira.
1914.
On the pelagic annelids of Japan.
University J. Coll. Sci., 36 (5), 1-14.
Tokyo Imperial
-27CLAIXlCERA
Aside from Wailes' list (1929), there are no records of Cladocera from
this coast.
The size of the mesh openings of the nets (350)J) used in the
present program may allow Cladocera to pass through.
Apstein (1901) or
Dakin and Colefax (1940) give a good account of their systematics.
The
Cladocera taken in the present programme were not positively identified.
Claus, 1877
Wailes, 1929
*Dakin and Colefax, 1940
Loven, 1836
*Apstein, 1901
McMurrich, 1916
(7) Wailes, 1929 (very close but more
rounded posteriorly)
~
Paden polyphemoides
polyphemoides
Leuckhart, 1859
*Apstein, 1901
Wailes, 1929 (very abundant)
Sars, 1862
*Apstein, 1901
McMurrich, 1916
Wailes, 1929 (very abundant)
-28Table 1
Key to the Cladocera - Strait of Georgia
Genus
~
Genus
~
- constriction between head and body
- no constriction between head and body
Species
Number of setae on the exopodite
2nd leg
3rd leg
4th leg
1st leg
POOen polyphemoldes
-29References to the Cladocera
Apstein, C.
1901.
Die Cladoceren.
Dakin, W.J. and A.N. Colefax.
1940.
waters off New South Wales.
Wailes, G.H.
1929.
Nordisches Plankton, VII, Lief 1.
The plankton of the Australian coastal
Pub. Univ. Sydney, Dept. Zool. la 215 pp.
Marine-Zoo-Plankton of British Columbia.
Art Notes (Vancouver), 4 (4)_
159-165.
Museum and
-31OSTRAOJOA
The benthic and 11 ttoral ostracods of the Vancouver Island region are
described by smith (1952).
McHardy (1964) describes the ecology of the
planktonic ostracods of Indian Arm.
Only the planktonic forms are listed
here.
Conchoecia elegans
Conchoecia elegans
Remarks.
Sars, 1865
smith, 1952
*McHardy, 1964
X; Mid-depths and deep; Abundant.
McHardy, 1964
*McHardy, 1964
Remarks.
X; Mid-depth and deep; Common.
Columbia inlets".
Conchoecia spinorostri 5
Conchoecia spinirostris
Remarks.
A
Type species from "British
Claus, 1891
smith, 1952
-32-
References to the Ostracoda
Lucas, V.Z.
1931.
Some Ostracoda of the Vancouver Island Region.
can. BioI. and Fish. N.S., 61
"cHudy,
R.A.
1964.
Contrib.
399-404.
Marine Ostracods from the Plankton of Indian Arm,
British Columbia, including a diminuitive subspecies resembling
Conchoecia alata
~
Rudjakovo
J. Fish. Res. Bel. Canada, 21 (3),
555-576.
smith,
V.Z.
1952.
Further Ostracoda of the Vancouver Island Region.
Fish. Res. Bd. canada, 9 (l)a
16 - 41.
J.
-33CXlPEPODA
Campbell (1929) was the first person to make an intensive study of the
copepod systematics of this area.
Cameron (1957) lists and discusses the
distribution of copepods in the Queen Charlotte Island region; Le9ar~ (1957)
does the same for the Strait of Georgia region.
For some time now there has been discussion in the
the status of such species as cal anus finmarchicus,
f. helgolandicus.
f.
literature as to
glacialis and
Brodsky (1948) treats them as separate species while
some authors - Fleminger (1967)- suggest they may be variations of the same
species caused by environmental factors.
Shan (1962) compares the morphology
of three Indian Arm species with their North Atlantic counterparts.
This
report accepts the North Pacific names for those species under question.
Brodsky's work (1950) is the most useful reference for calanoid copepods
of the North Pacific and has been followed here unless otherwise noted.
The author wishes to thank Dr. T. S. Park of the Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institute for his help in identifying difficult species.
CXlPEPODA
Order I
Calanus pacificus
Calanus finmarchicus
~
pacificus
calanus sp.
Remarksl
Calanoida'
Brodsky, 1948
McMurrich, 1916
campbell, J 929
Davis, 1949
Cameron, 1957
L~gare, 1957
Brodsky, 1948
*Brodsky, 1950
Shan, 1962
X; Surface and mid-depth; Abundant all year; For a discussion
of the taxonomic status of this species see Shan (1962).
-34-
Marukawa, 1921
calanus sp.
calanus plumchrus
calanus~
~
var. plumchrus
plumchrus
calanus
~
~ ~
Remarks.
X; Egg to stage V surface; Stage V & VI deep; Very abundant;
All year.
calanus cristatus
Remarks.
sato, 1913
Marukawa, 1921
campbell, 1929
campbell, 1930
*Gampbell, 1934
Davis, 1949
Brodsky, 19~O
Tanaka, 19~6
cameron, 1957
Legare, 19~7
campbell, 1929
Davis, 1949
*Srodsky, 1950
Gameron, 19~1
Legare, 1957
X; Deep; Rare; Spring and sUlJIIIer.
Johnson, 1938
Esterly, 1905
Campbell, 1929
*Johnson, 1938
Brodsky, 19~0
Davis, 1949
Cameron, 1957
Legare, 19~1
Remarks.
X; Mid-depth & deep; Abundant.
Rhinca1anus nasutus
Rhincalanus nasutus
Remarks.
A.
Giesbrecht, 1888
*Brodsky, 1950
Gameron, 1957
-35-
Paraca1anus parvus
Paraca1anus parvus
Remarks.
(Claus, 1863)
McMurrich, 1916
Campbell, 1929
Davis, 1949
*Brodsky, 19~0
Cameron, 19~7
Legare, 19~7
Xi SUrface & Mid-depth; Abundant.
Pseudoca1anus minutus
Pseudoca1anus e10ngatus
Pseudocalanus
Remarks.
~
X; SUrface & Mid-depth; Abundant. For a discussion of the
taxonomic status of Pseudocalanus see Frolander (1962).
Microcalanus pus111us
Microca1anus pus111us
Remarks.
(Krpyer, 1849)
McMurrich, 1916
Campbell, 1929
*Brodsky, 19~0
Davis, 1949
Tanaka, 19~6
Cameron, 19~7
Legare, 19~7
Frolander, 1962
(sars, 1903)
Campbell, 1929
Brodsky, 1950
Legare, 1957
X; Surface; Abundant.
C1ausoca1anus acuicornis
C1ausoca1anus acu1corn1s
Remarks.
(Dana, 1849)
*Brodsky, 1950
Gameron, 1957
A.
Spinocalanus brevicaudatus
Sp1noca1anus brevicaudatus
Remarks.
Brodsky, 1950
Brodsky, 1950
Xi Deep; Coamon in Pendrell Sound.
-36Boeck, 1872
Campbell, 1929
Davis, 1949
*Brodsky, 1950
Gameron, 1957
Legare, 1957
Remarks.
X; Mid-depth & Deep; Common.
Aetidius pacificus
Aetidius pacif1cus
Remarks.
Brodsky, 1950
*Brodsky, 1950
X; Deep; Rare.
Bradyidius saanichi
Bradyidius saanichi
Remarks.
Park, 1965
Park, 1965
X; Mid-depth to Deep; Common. Type locality. Saanich
Inlet. This species is common in Saanich Inlet. It
rarely occurs 1n the Strait of Georgia.
Chiridius gracilis
Chiridius gracilis
Remarks.
X; Deep; Common.
Pseudoaetideus
Chiridius armatus
~i~matus
Remarks.
Farran, 1908
*Vervoort, 1952
Cameron, 1957
~
(Boeck, IB73)
Wailes, 1929
*Brodsky, 1950
AJ This species was listed by Wailes (1929), but it seems
likely that Wailes, working in the same Laboratory as
campbell, mistakenly listed Ch1ridius armatus instead of
Chiridius tenuispinis which was on Campbell's list.
f. tenuispinis occurred on Clemens' lists (1933) which
Wailes helped to <compile, but f. ~ did not.
-37-
Park, 1967
Chiridius tenuispinis
Remarks.
campbell, 1929
Legare, 1957
Park, 1967
X; Deep; Abundant; Type locality.
Campbell notes that her specimens
shorter spines than was described
likely that she was looking at Q.
Strait of Georgia.
of f. tenuispinis had
at that time. It seems
columbiae.
Giesbrecht, 1895
Campbell, 1929
Davis, 1949
*Brodsky, 1950
Legar~, 1957
Remarks.
X; Deep; Rare.
Gaidius variabilis
~
Brodsky, 1950
variabilis
Remarks.
*Srodsky, 1950
X; Deep; Common.
Gaetanus intermedius
~
intermedius
~
armiger
Remarks.
X; Deep; Rare; Type locality.
Euchirella pulchra
~
pUlchra
Remarks.
(Lubbock, 1856)
X; Deep; Rare.
~
RemarkSi
Deep Cove, Indian Arm.
*Srodsky, 1950
~
Euchirella
Campbell, 1930
Campbell, 1930
Davis, 1949
Brod sky, 1950
*Shan, 1962
X; Deep; Rare.
rostrata
(Claus, 1866)
Esterly, 1905
Campbell, 1929
Davis, 1949
*Srodsky, 1950
-38euchaeta hponica
Euchaeta japonica
Paraeuchaeta japonica
Remarks.
Marukawa, 1921
Marukawa, 1921
campbell, 1929
*Campbell, 1934
Brodsky, 1950
cameron, 1957
Legare, 1957
XI Deep; Abundant.
Scaphoca1anus echinatus
Scaphoca1anus echinatus
Remarksa
X; Deep; CotMlon.
Scaphocalanus brevicornis
Scaphoca1anus brev1cornis
Remarks.
Racov1 tzanus antarcticus
Sco1ecithr1cella minor
(Brady, 1883)
*Brodsky, 1950
Cameron, 1957
L~gart!, 1957
X; Mid-depth; Common.
Scolecithri cella ovata
Scoled thricella ovata
Remarks.
Giesbrecht, 1902
Brodsky, 1950
X; Deep; Rare.
Sco1ecithricella minor
yare occ1den"ta'llS
Sco1eci thricella minor
Remarks.
G. O. Sars, 1900
Brodsky, 1950
X; Deep; Rare.
Racovi tzanus antarcticus
Remarks.
Farran, 1905
Tanaka, 1961
X; Deep; Rare.
(Farran, 1905)
Brodsky, 1950
-39(Esterly, 1905)
Scoleci thri cella subdentata
Scoleci thricella subdentata
Remarks.
*Brodsky, 1950
Cameron, 1957
A
Park, 1967
Park, 1967
Remarks.
X; Deep; Rare.
Type locality.
Strait of Georgia.
Williams, 1906
Eurytemora thompsoni
Eurytemora transversallis
Eurytemora americana
Remarks.
Willey, 1923
Campbell, 1930
*Heron, 1964
X; SUrface; Collmon.
Eurytemora hirundoides
Eurytemora hirundoides
Remarks.
X; Surface; Common.
Eurytemora pacifica
Eurytemora johanseni
Eurytemora paci fica
Remarks.
Sato, 1913
Willey, 1920
Davis, 1949
Brodsky, 1950
L~gar~, 1957
*Heron, 1964
A
Epischura nevadensis
Eplschura nevadensis
Remarks.
(Nordquist, 1888)
Esterly, 1924
Campbell, 1929
Davis, 1949
*Brodsky, 1950
Cameron, 1957
Lf~gar&, 1957
X; surface; Rare.
Lilljeborg, 1889
Marsh, 1933
-40-
Boeck, 1864
Campbell, 1929
Davis, 1949
*Brodsky, 1950
cameron, 1957
Legare, 1957
Shan, 1962
Remarks.
Xl SUrface at night, Mid-depth in daytime I Abundant. For
a discussion of Metridia from Indian Arm and a comparison
of its morphology with the morphology of specimens from
other areas see Shan (1962).
Metridia okhotensis
Metridia
~
Metridia okhotensis
Remarks.
Brodsky, 1950
campbell, 1929
Davis, 1949
cameron, 1957
Legare, 1957
*Brodsky, 19~
Xl Deep I Common.
The morphology of the specimens in
the present collection agrees with Brodsky's description.
Pleuromamma guadrungulata
Pleur01!\@lMla guadrungulata
Remarks.
XJ Deep; Rare.
Centropages abdominalis
Centropages ~ var.
Centropages mcmurrichi
Remarks.
Remarks.
sato, 1913
McMurrich, 1916
Willey, 1923
campbell, 1929
Davis, 1949
*Brodsky, 1950
Legare, 1957
X; SUrface; Abundant.
Oi aptomu ssp.
Oiaptomus sp.
Dahl, 1892
Davis, 1949
Westwood, 1836
Legare, 1957
A; Since this genus is composed exclusively of fresh water
forms it is most likely that Legarets specimen was found in
run-off water.
-41-
Heterorhabdus tanneri
Heterorhabdus tanneri
Remarksa
Giesbrecht, 1895
Brodsky, 1950
Xi Deep; Rare.
Heterorhabdu5 proximus
Heterorhabdus proximus
Remarks.
Davis, 1949
*Oavis, 1949
Gameron, 1957
Ai Gameron (1957) lists!!. proximus as one of the species
of which her identification was uncertain.
CentroQaptilus porcellus
Centrogaptilus porcellus
Johnson, 1936
Johnson, 1936
*Srodsky, 1950
L~gar~, 1957
Remarks.
A
~
bipinnata
Candacia bipinnata
Remarks.
Xi Deep; Rare.
Candacia columbiae
Candacia cOlumbiae
Remarks.
Giesbrecht, 1892
Brodsky, 1950
campbell, 1929
Campbell, 1929
Davis, 1949
*Brodsky, 1950
Cameron, 1957
Legare, 1957
Xi Deep; Rare. Type locality. De$erted Bay, Quatsino Sound,
Raphael Point (West coast Vancouver Island).
-42-
Anomalocera patterson!
Anomalocera pattersoni
Remarksa
AI It is most likely that Thompson was looking at
Epilabidocera amphitrites when he compiled Herdman's
list of species. Clemens (1933), Johnson (1932), and
Davis (1949) consider this record as being 1n error.
Wailes omitted A. pattjrSOni when he helped Clemens
compile his list (1933 •
Pontella tenuirernis
Pontella tenuiremis
Remarks.
Templeton, 1837
Herdman et ai, (1897)
Wailes, 1929
Giesbrecht, 1889
Wilson, 1950
A; Wilson records this species from Beaver Harbour,
Vancouver Island.
Epilabidocera amphi tri tes
Paral abidocera amphi tri tes
Epilabidocera amphi tri tes
Remarks.
(McMurrich, 1916)
McMurrich, 1916
Campbell, 1929
Wailes, 1929
Davis, 1949
*Brodsky, 1950
Cameron, 1957
Park, 1965
X; Surface; Common; Type locality 3i miles off Amphitrite
Point, West coast of Vancouver Island.
Giesbrecht, 1889
Esterly, 1924
Campbell, 1929
Wailes, 1929
Davis, 1949
*Srodsky, 1950
Cameron, 1957
L~gar', 1957
Remarks.
X; SUrface; Common; Spring & Surrmer.
-43-
Acartia lonqiremis
Acartia longlremis
Remarks.
(Lilljeborg, 1853)
McMurrich, 1916
Campbell, 1929
Wailes, 1929
Davis, 1949
Wilson, 1950
*Srodsky, 1950
Cameron, 1957
t'egarii, 1957
Frolander, 1962
X; SUrface; Abundant; Spring & Summer.
Tortanu5 discaudatus
~
discaudatus
(Thompson & scott, 1897)
McMurrich, 1916
Campbell, 1929
Wailes, 1929
Davis, 1949
*Brodsky, 1950
Cameron, 1957
Legare, 1957
Remarks.
X; Surface; Common; Spring & Summer.
-45-
COPEPODA
Ordera Cyclopoida
Oithona spinirostris
Oithona spinirostris
Oithona p1umifera
Oithona spinirostris
Remarks.
X; All depths; Abundant. For a discussion of the morphological
differences between O. spinirostris and O. p1umifera see
Olson (1949) and Frolander (1962).
Oi thona helgolandica
Oi thona simili s
Oithona ~ndica
Remarks.
Claus, 1863
McMurrich, 1916
Campbell, 1929
Davis, 1949
Cameron, 19~7
Legare, 19~7
X; All depths; Common.
Oithona plumifera
Oithona plumifera
Remarks.
Claus, 1863
campbell, 1929
Olson, 1949
Davis, 1949
cameron, 19~7
Legare, 19~7
Fro1ander, 1962
Baird, 1843
Davis, 1949
Cameron, 19~7
Legare, 1957
X; Deep; Rare.
Sars, 1918
Campbell, 1929
*Rose, 1933
Remarks.
X; Mid-depths & Deep; Conunon.
Giesbrecht, 1892
*Rose, 1933
Davis, 1949
Cameron, 1957
Legare, 19~7
Remarks.
A
-46Giesbrecht, 1892
campbell, 1929
*Rose, 1933
Davis, 1949
Remarks.
A
Corycaeus anglicus
COrycaeus affinls
Corycaeus anglicus
Corycaeus aHints
Remarks.
Lubbock,
18~7
Mcllurrlch, 1916
campbell, 1929
*Rose, 1933
Davis, 1949
Cameron, 1957
Legare, 1957
XI Mid-depth; Coamon.
F. Dahl, 1894
Herdman, Thompson and 'Scott, 1897
Corycaeus obtusus
Corycaeus ~
Remarks.
Wilson, 19&)
*Mori, 1964
A
Campbell, 1929
*Campbell, 1929
Legad, 1957
Remarks.
AI Type locality.
Departure Bay, Horsewell Rocks.
Macrocheiron sargassi
Macrocheiron sargassi
RemarkSi
A
Sars, 1916
Campbell, 1930
-47(»PEPODA
Order.
Harpacticoida
Tigriopus californicus
Tigriopus trianQulus
Tigriopus californicus
Remarks.
Campbell, 1930
Monk, 1941
*L8n9, 1948
AJ Normal habitat is tide pools.
~ phyllopus
Amphiascus phyllopus
Remarks.
Diosaccus spinatus
AJ Type locality.
fureata
Departure Bay.
(Baird, 1837)
McMurrleh, 1916
Campbell, 1929
Legar~, 1957
*Lang, 1948
Tisbe furcata
Remarks.
Campbell, 1929
Campbell, 1929
*Lang, 1948
L'egar'e, 1957
Tisbe i!:!.!:£ili
~
(Sars, 1906)
Campbell, 1929
*Lang, 1948
AJ Lang, 1948 lists Campbell's reference to this species
as an uncertain identi fication. The species has been
described from European and Mediterranean coastal waters.
Diosaccus spinatus
Remarks.
(Baker, 1912)
A
Poppe, 1884
campbell, 1929
*Lang, 1948
Zaus caeruleus
Zaus aurelii
Remarks.
A
-48-
(Milne-Edwards, 1840)
Harpacticus chelifer
Harpacticus chelifer
Remarks.
Wil son, 1950
A; Wilson records this species from Beaver Harbour,
Vancouver Island.
Harpacticus uniremis
Harpactlcus
~
Remarks.
Krpyer, 1842
campbell, 1929
*Lang, 1948
Legare, 1957
A
Microsetella norvegica
Mlcrosetella norveglca
Remarks.
A
Microsetella ~
Microsetella
(Boeck, 1864)
*Lang, 1948
Davis, 1949
Cameron, 1957
~
Remarks.
Xf Mid-depth; Conunon.
(Dana, 1852)
Esterly, 1905
Campbell, 1929
*Lang, 1948
Davis, 1949
cameron, 1957
-49(XlPEPODA
Orden
Monstrilloida
Monstrilla he190landica
Monstri11a helgo1andica
Remarks.
Claus, 1863
Rose, 1933
*Park, 1967
X; Rare.
Giesbrecht, 1892
Rose, 1933
*Park, 1967
Remarks.
X; Rare.
Monstrilla spinosa
Monstrilla spinosa
Remarks.
X; Rare; Type locality.
Monstril1a wande1ii
Monstrilla wandelii
Remarks.
Park, 1967
*Park, 1967
X; Rare.
saanich Inlet.
Stephenson, 1913
*Park, 1967
-51-
Key to the Adult Copepoda - strait of Georgia
This Key 1s designed for the identification of adult Copepods which
have reached their largest size. In the adults the segments of the urosome
are generally well defined; there are usually 3-4 segments in the female
and 4-5 segments in the male. The first segment 1n the urosome of the
female is usually swollen. stage V Copepods may be identified using these
Keys bearing in mind the above differences.
-53-
Figure 3
Key to the Adult Copepoda - Strai t of Georgia
2
Copepods
(I)
(2)
(3)
L
5.~ mm
total length
body transparent
head triangular shaped
body not transparent
head with medial crest or keel
prominent mouth parts
genl tal segment enlarged
6.6-8.0
IIIIl
8.6-10.4
Copepods
(4)
(5)
3.2 to 5.5 total length
prominent black photophore
on the side of the body
one of the seta of the urosome
enlarged and longer than the body
Pleuromatrlna guadrunqulata
3.3-5.0 rom
Heterorhabdus tanneri
3.8-4.2
Posterior comers of prosome angular or produced as spines (6)
(7)
spines pointed and synmetrical
spines rounded and asynmetrical
3.0-3.5
3.5-4.1
-57-
Copepods
3.2 to
~.5
rrm total length (conttd)
posterior corners of prosame angular or produced as spines (cont'd) -
(9)
(10)
spines variable, sometimes rounded
and sometimes pointed
prominent eyes, lateral edges of
head produced as hooks
Gaidius variabills
4.0-4.1 nun
Epllabidocera amphi tri tes
3.2-4.0
Posterior corners of pro same not angular or produced as spines -
(ll)
(12)
(13)
urosome asyarnetrical
urosome more than 1/3 the length
of the body
urosome less than 1/3 the length
of the body
3.4-4.0
4.0-5.4
-59-
COpepods
2.0 to 3.1 mm total length
Posterior corners of prosome angular or produced as spines (14)
(15)
posterior corners angular, urosome
wi th lateral projections
spines blunt or rounded
Spines acute -
(16)
(17)
(18)
(19)
(6)
cephalic spine
spines extend less than 1/2 the
length of the gent tal segment
genital segment nearly round
geni tal segment rectangular
spines curving inw-drds towards
geni tal segment
Gaetanus intermedius
2.1
Oliridius gracilis
Aetidius pacificus
Bradyidius ~
2.4-4.8
2.2-3.0
2.3-2.6
Gaidlus pungeils
3.0-3.5
-61-
Copepods
2.0 to 3.1 mm total length (cont I d) -
Posterior corners of prosame not angular or produced -
(20)
(21)
(22)
(23)
(24)
1st antennae as long or longer
than body
1st antennae shorter than the body,
body robust, urosome relatively
short, urosome swollen when viewed
laterally
urosome not swollen
body not particularly robust;
urosome medium (less than 1/3
body length)
urosome long (more than 1/3 body
length)
Cal anus paci ficus
2.5-3.5 mm
Euchirella rostrata
Scoleclthrlcella ovata
2.9-3.1
2.2
Racev! tzanU5 antarcticus
2.1-2.4
~
2.5-2.9
Metridia
-63-
27
Copepods ~ 2 nun total length
Posterior corners of pro some angular or produced as spines or wings _
(25)
(26)
(27)
(28)
(29)
(30)
body robust, urosome relatively
short
posterior corners produced as
symmetrical spines
posterior corners produced as
asymmetrical spines, urosome
asymmetrical
posterior corners produced as
symmetrical rounded spines, urosome
asynmetrlcal
posterior corners produced as
"wings" , last segment of urosome
covered wi th spinules
posterior Corners produced as
"wings", last segment of urosome
smooth
Tharybis
~
1.2-1.3 nun
Aetidius a:nnatu5
1.3-2.0
Centropages abdominali 5
1.6-2.1
Tortanu5 discaudatus
1.4-2.3
Eurytemora americana
1.6-1.8
Eurytemora hirundoldes
1.0-1.6
-65-
Copepods .5.. 2 nun total length (cont'd)
Posterior corners of pro some not angular or produced as spines,
urosome of three segments (31)
(32)
last
wi th
last
wi th
segment of meta some rounded,
two short stl ff setae
segment of meta some rounded,
0.98-1.25 nun
3-5 marginal spinules
0.91-1.22
Urosome of four segments (33)
(34)
body robust, urosome relatively
short
total length less than 1 mm
Scalae! thricella minor
Microcalanus pygmaeus
pusillus
(35)
(36)
5th leg present but reduced,
urosome relatively thick.
Paracalanus parvus
no 5th leg, genl tal segment swollen Pseudocalanus minutus
1.25-1.4
0.7-0.9
0.7-1.3
1.2-2.0
-67-
Copepods
~
2 rrrn total length (cont1d)
Posterior corners of prosame not angular or produced as spines,
urosome of four segments (37)
(38)
(39)
segments 5-1~ of 1st antennae
wider than long
~th leg present but reduced,
urosome relatively slender
no 5th leg, 1st antennae longer
than body
Scaphocalanus echlnatus
1.1-2.0 rom
Scaphocalanus brevicornis
1.9-2.1
Spinocalanus brevlcaudatus 1.6-1.8
Urosome of five segments or more, 5th leg on 1st segment of urosome (40)
head pointed when viewed dorsally
(41)
head rounded
(42)
(43)
1st antennae short
head provided with cuticular
lenses
Oithona spinirostris
Oithona helqolandica
Oncaea borealis
0.7-1.2
0.7-0.96
0.7-1.4
0.8-1.1
-69Table 2
Size of Some Copepod Nauplii Preserved in Formalin.
Species
II
Stage
Length in 1M!
III
IV
VI
For a detailed
account see
AcaTHa longlremls
0.12
0.14
0016
0.19
0.23
0.27
Oberg, 1906
Oithona spinirostris
0.13
0.1;
0.17
0.20
0.24
0.27
Pseudocalanus minutus
0.18
0.18
0.26
0.33
0.38
0.44
Gibbons & Ogilvie,
1933
Ogilvie, 19;3
Metridia~
0.19
0.21
0.27
0.34
0.41
0.46
Ogilvie, 19;3
Galanus finmarchicus
0.22
0.27
0.40
0.48
0.;;
0.61
Ogilvie, 19;3
Cal anus plumchrus
0.29
0.30
0.3;
0.46
0.;6
0.70
Campbell, 1934
0.82
0.97
Johnson, 1937
0.80
0.87
Campbell, 1934
Eucalanus bunqii OO09ii
0.22
0.30
0.49
0.66
Euchaeta japonica
0.;9
0.64
0.66
0.69
Remarksl
Measurements are taken from preserved samples.
shrink as much as 10% during preservation.
Specimens may
Our experience
suggests that there is 11 ttle or no size difference between
North Pacific and North Atlantic representatives of the same
species.
l
-71-
Table 3
Size of Copepodi te Stages Preserved 1n Formalin
Total body length
(am)
No. of abdominal
segments
Pairs of
legs
Calanu5 plumchrus
~
I
II
III
IV
V
VI9
Vld
0.9
1.2
1.8
2.8
4.1
4.5
4.6
1.3
1.5
2.4
3.4
5.2
5.2
1
2
2
3
4
4
5
2
3
4
5
5
5
5
I
II
III
IV
V
VI ~
VI <i'
0.5
1.2
1.5
1.8
2.5 - 3.5
2.8 - 3.5
2.5
2
2
2
3
4
4
5
2
3
4
5
5
5
5
I
II
III
IV
V
VI9
VI d"
1.20
2.0
3.24
4.90 - 5.3
7.1 - .8.9
8.5 - 10.4
9.8
9.0
-
2
2
2
3
4
4
5
(from Wiborg, 1948)
0.57 - .60
0.60 - .69
0.83
1.05
1.10 - 1.36
1.12 - 2.0
1.1 - 1.36
2
2
2
3
4
4
5
-
pacificus
~~
Pseudocalanus minutu5
--1II
III
IV
V
VI9
VI 0""
-73-
Table 3 (cont'd)
Size of Copepodite stages Preserved in Formalin
Total body length
(1IIll)
Metridia
VI~
VIii'
~
0.53
0.74
1.06
1.26
1.6 1.6 2.5 2.0 -
1
1
2
3
3
4
3
5
2
3
4
4
5
5
5
5
2.1
1.5
2.9
2.3
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
4
4
2
3
4
4
5
4
5
5
5
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
4
4
2
3
4
4
5
4
5
4
5
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
4
4
2
3
4
4
5
4
5
5
5
bungii bungii (from Johnson, 1937)
I
II
III
IV ~
IV d'
V ~
V<i'
VI?
VIa'
j
1.3
2.0
2.9
3.6
3.4
4.9
4.5
6.5
4.6
-
1.6
1.6
3.0
3.6
3.7
5.2
4.6
6.0
5.4
aeoni ca (from Campbell, 1934)
I
II
III
IV?
IVe'
V ?
Vo'
VI ~
VI if
~
Pairs of
legs
~
I
II
III
IV
V ~
V o'
Euchaeta
No. of abdominal
segments
1.3
1.6
2.3
3.3
3.3
4.6
4.6
5.5
5.0
intermedius (from Shan, 1962)
I
II
III
IV?
IV Ii'
V ?
V cI'
VI ~
VI a'
0.65
1.15
1.55
2.00
2.00
2.70
2.65
2.90 - 3.2
2.60 - 3~1
r<l
E
"E
5
0-
I:I:
~
4
UJ
3=
>a::
c
3
J
/
o
10
J
20
30
WET WEIGHT mg 1m3
Figure 4.
Relationship of wet weight to dry weight of fresh Copepods
in the strait of Georgia.
40
...,
'{'
20,
i '
,
I
~ 0.8
t- 0.6
:I:
'"~
04
,
~
>- 0.3
2i
0.2
0.1 1
,
2.0
Figure 5.
!
I
I
I
3.5
4.0
Relationship of Copepod dry weight to prosome length.
I
E 50 ,...-,--.,.-....-.-..,..,...--.------.-r-r--.,.--.--r,.........--.---~__,
.§ 40
I
~ 3.0
z
W
..J
2.0
w
::!:
o
l/)
~
1.0
a.. 0.8 L....:::::..~.L...L.L__ _-'--_'----'--'-'-'-~_'__ __'__L......I
0.04
.06.08.1
.2
.3.4
.6.8 1.0
WET WEIGHT mg
Figure 6.
Relationship of COpepod wet weight to pro some length
Saanich Inlet} June-july, 1966.
2.0
3.0
-81-
50 r----,----.-----,r-------..
E
E 4.0
.!:
J:
1-3.0
(!)
z
W
-l
20
o
1.0
PROSOME
Figure 7.
20
30
40
LENGTH (mm)
Relationship of Copepod total length to prosome length.
-83-
References to Adult Copepoda
Brodsky, K.A.
1950.
Calanoida of the far Eastern and Polar Seas of the USSR"
Opred. po Faune SSR, 35.
cameron, F.E.
1-442 (in Russian).
SOme factors influencing the distribution of pelagic
1957.
Copepods in the Queen Charlotte Island area.
14 (2"
J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada,
165-202.
campbell, M.H.
1929.
A preliminary quantitative study of the zooplankton
in the Strait of Georgia.
1929.
Trans. Roy. 'Soc. Canada, 23 (5).
1-28
Some free-swiaming Copepods of the Vancouver Island region.
Trans. Roy. Soc. canada, 23 (5)& 303-332.
1930.
II.
Some free-swilIlll.ing Copepods of the Vancouver Island region.
Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, 24 (5).
1934.
177-182.
The Life History and Post Embryonic Development of the
Copepods, Calanus tonsus Brady and Euchaeta Japonica Marukawa. J. Biol.
8d. Canada, 1 (1).
Conover, R.J.
1956.
1-65.
The Biology of Acartia clausi and Acartia tonsa.
Bingham Oceanogr. Coll., 15,
Davis, C.C.
1943.
The larval stages of the Calanoid Copepod Eurytemora
hirundoides (Nordquist).
1949.
Bull.
156-233.
Chesapeake BioI. Lab. Publ. No. 58,
1-20.
The pelagic Copepods of the northeastern Pacific Ocean.
Univ. Wash. Publ. BioI., 14,
1-118.
-84190~.
Esterly, C.O.
The pelagic Copepodp of the San Diego Region.
of Cal. publ. Zool., 2 (4).
1906.
Add! tions to the Copepod fauna of the San Diego Region.
(~).
Univ. of Gal. Publ. Zool., 3
1908.
1913.
1-55.
Third report on the Copepod fauna of the San Dlego Region.
Univ. of Gal. Publ. Zool., 6 (14)a
Region.
~3-92.
The light recipient organs of the Copepod, Eucalanus elonqatus.
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harv., 53,
1911.
313-3~2.
Fourth taxonomic report of the Copepoda of the San Diego
Univ. of Cal. Publ. Zool., 11 (1O)a
1924.
81-196.
Free-swimming Copepoda of San Francisco Bay.
Publ. Zool., 26
Flemlnger, A.
Univ.
113-233.
(~)a
1967.
Univ. of Cal.
81-129.
Taxonomy, distribution and polymorphism in the Labidocera
Jallaa group with remarks on evolution within the group (Copepoda. Calanoida)
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 120
Frolander, H.F.
1962.
(3~67)
I
1-61.
Quantitative estimations of temporal variations of
zooplankton off the coast of Washington and British Columbia.
Res. Bd. Canada, 19 (4).
Gibbons, S.G. and H.S. Ogilvie.
J. Fish.
657-675.
1933.
Developmental stages of Oithona
he190landica and Q. spinirostris with a note on the occurrence of body
spines cyclopoid nauplii.
J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K., N.S., 18 (2).
529-550.
-85-
Hebard, J .F.
1956.
The seasonal variations of zooplankton in Puget Sound.
Univ. of Wash., Dept. Oceanogr., M.S. Thesis.
Herdman, W.A., I.C. Thompson and A. Scott.
1898.
On the plankton collected
continuously during two traverses of the North Atlantic in the SUlJIJ1er
of 1897, with descriptions of new species of Copepoda} and an appendix
on dredging in Puget Sound.
Heron, G.A.
1963.
1932.
Washington.
1934.
Crustaceana, 7 (3)1
Seasonal distribution of plankton at Friday Harbour,
8101. Bull., 67 (1).
BioI. Bull., 67 (3).
Bull. Scripps lost. Oceanogr.,
65-70.
Concerning the Copepod Eucalanus elongatus Dana and its
varieties 1n the Northeast Pacific.
Un1v. Cal. Tech. Ser., 4 (6).
Bull. Scripps lost. Oceanogr.,
165-180.
The study of species formation in certain
in the North Pacific.
Biology, 3a
466-483.
Pachyptilus pacificlls and Centraugaptilus porcellusf two
Un1v. Cal. Tech. Ser., 4 (8la
1939.
182-200.
The developmental stages of the Copepod Epl1abidocera
new Copepods from the North Pacific.
1938.
1-38.
The life history of the Copepod Tortanu5 discaudatus
amphitrites McMurrich.
1936.
199-211.
Univ. Wash. Publ. Oceanogr., 1 (1).
(Thompson and Scott).
1934b.
33-90.
Seven species of Eurytemora (Copepoda) from Northwestern
North America.
Johnson, M.W.
Trans. Uverpool BIoI. Soc., 12&
560-568.
~
Copepods
Sixth Pac. Se. Cong., Oceanography and Marine
-86-
Lang, K.
1948.
Monographie dar Harpacticiden.
~682
Lund.
Legare, J .E.H.
Hakan Ohlssons Boktryckeri,
pp.
1957.
The qualitative and quantitative distribution of
plankton in the Strait of Georgia in relation to certain oceanographic
factors.
Marsh,
c.o.
J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, 14 (4).
1929.
Distribution and key to the North American Copepods of
the genus Diaptomus,
Nat. Mus., 75 (2785).
1933.
521-552.
with the description of a new species.
Proe.
u.s.
1-27.
Synopsis of the calanoid crustaceans, exclusive of the
Diaptomidae, found in fresh and brackish waters, chiefly of North America.
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 82 (2959)&
Marukawa, Hisatosi.
1921.
Plankton list and some new species of COpepo<ta
from the northern waters of Japan.
Monk, CoR.
1941.
1964.
1923.
The .Soyo Co. Inc.,. Tokyo.
The life cycle of Oithona
Univ. Cal. Publ. Zool., 22,
Olson, J .8.
Trans. AJn.
75-99.
The pelagic Copepoda from the neighbouring waters of Japan,
(2nd Edition).
Murphy, H.E.
Bull. lost. Oceanogr. Monaco, 384, 1-15.
Marine harpacticoid Copepods from California.
Micro. soc •• 60 (1).
Mori, T.
1-58.
1949.
3l0.pp.
~
The pelagic cyclopoid Copepods of the coastal waters
of Oregon, california and Lower california.
Ph.D. Thesist
reared experimentally.
449-454.
1-208.
Univ. of cal., Los Angeles,
-87-
Park, T.5.
1965.
The biology of a calanoid Copepod, Epilabidocera amphi txl tes
Dissertation Abstracts Vol., 26 (5).
McMurrich.
1-320.
A new species of Bradyidius (Copepoda, Calanoida) from the
1966.
Pacific Coast of North America.
J. Fish Res. Bd. Canada, 23 (6)1
Two new species of Copepods from the Strait of Georgia,
1967.
British Columbia, canada.
1967.
J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, 24 (2)_
Two unreported species and one new species of
(Copepoda, Monstrilloida) from the Strait of Georgia.
Mlerose. soc., 86 (2).
Poppe, S.A.
1884.
1933.
231-241.
~
Trans Amer.
144-152.
Free-living Copepods from the North Pacific Ocean and
Arch. Nat. Urg., 50.
Bering Sea.
Rose, M.
805-811.
Copepodes Pelagiqueso
281-304.
Faune de France 26, pp 374, Paul
Lechevalier, Pari s.
Shan, Kuo-cheng,
1962.
Systematic and Ecological Studies on Copepoda in
Indian Arm, British Columbia.
Sharpe, H.W.
1911.
M.Sc. Thesis, Univ. of B.C., pp 185.
Notes on the Marine Copepoda and Cladocera of Woods
Hole and adjacent regions, including a synopsis of the Genera of
Harpacticoida.
Tanaka,
o.
1936.
Zool., 7,
1938.
Proc. u.S. Nat. Mus., 38,
405-436.
On some new species of Copepoda from Sagami Bay.
Jap. J.
31-36.
Notes on Calanus cristatus Krpyer.
Jap. J. Zool., 7,
599-601
-88-
Tanaka, O.
1954.
Note on Calanu5
Soc., Japan, 10 (I).
1956a.
~
Further note on
~ ~
J .. OCeanogr. Soc., Japan, 12 (2).
1956b.
V.
31-68.
Publ. Seta Mar. BioI. Lab., 6 (2)J
169-207.
publ. Seto Mar. BioI. Lab., 6 (3).
327-367.
Publ. Seto Mar. BioI. Lab., 8 (1).
85-135.
The pelagic Copepods of the Izu Region, Middle Japan.
Publ. Seta Mar. BioI. Lab., 9 (1).
139-190.
The pelagic Copepods of the Izu Region, Middle Japan.
Systematic Account VIII.
1963.
Publ. Seta Mar. BioI. Lab., 6 {l)a
The pelagic Copepods of the Izu Region, Middle Japan.
Systematic Account VII.
1962.
367-406.
The pelagic Copepods of the Izu Region, Middle Japan.
Systematic Account VI.
1961.
Publ. Seta Mar. BioI. Lab., 5 (3).
The pelagic COpepods of the lzu Region, Middle Japan.
Systematic Account
1960.
251-272.
The pelagic Copepods of the Izu Region, Middle Japan.
Systematic Account IV.
1957c.
49-52.
The pelagic Copepods of the Izu Region, Middle Japan.
Systematic Account III.
1957b.
Brady in Japanese waters.
Publ. Sete. Mar. BioI. Lab., 5 (2).
Systematic Account II.
1957a.
J .. Oceanogr.
The pelagic Copepods of the Izu Region, Middle Japan.
Systematic Account I.
1956c.
Brady 1n Japanese waters.
31-39.
Pub1. Seto Mar. BioI. Lab., 10 (I).
35-90.
The pelagic Copepods of the Izu Region, Middle Japan.
Systematic Account IX.
Publ. Seto Mar. BioI. Lab., 11 (1).
7-55.
-89-
Tanaka, O.
1964a.
The pelagic Copepods of the lzu Region, Middle Japan.
Systematic Account x.
1964b.
1-37.
The pelagic Copepods of the Izu Region, Middle Japan.
Systematic Account XI.
1964c.
publ. Seta Mar. Bl01. Lab., 12 (lh
publ. Seta Mar. 8io1. Lab., 12 (1),
39-91.
The pelagic Copepods of the Izu Region, Middle Japan.
Systematic Account XII.
Thompson, 1.5. and A. Scott.
Publ. Seta Mar. BioI. Lab., 12 (3).
1903.
231-271.
SUpplementary report on the Copepoda
to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf
Royal Soc..
of Manaar.
227-307.
Vervoort, W.
1952.
Copepoda, SUb-order, calanoida.
Fish. Ident. Zoopl., 44.
Wailes, G.H.
1929.
The Marine-Zoo-plankton of British Columbia.
Museum
and Art Notes (Vancouver), 4 (4).
Willey, A.
1923.
Notes on the distribution of free-living Copepoda in
Canadian waters.
Wilson, C.B.
1950.
Part I.
Contrib. can. BioI. N.S., Ia
Copepods gathered by the U.S. Fisheries Steamer
from 1887 to 1909, chiefly in the Pacific Ocean.
199 (4)1
303-334.
141-441.
~
Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
l
-91-
References to the Nauplii and COpepodi te Stages of the Copepoda
Campbell, M.H.
1934.
The life history and post embryonic development of the
Copepods, Calanu5
~
Brady and Euchaeta japonica Marukawa.
Bioi. Bd. Canada, I (I).
Conover, R.J.
1956.
The biology of AcarUs clausi and Acartia
Bull, Bingham Oceanogr. COIL, 15,
Davis, C.C.
1943.
1966.
Chesapeake BioI. Lab. Publ. No. 58, p. 1-20.
Seasonal occurence and abundance of free-.swimning Copepod
nauplii in Narragansett Bay.
Gibbons, 5.G.
~
1938.
Boeck.
~.
156-233.
The larval stages of the Galanoid Copepod Eurytemora
hirundoides (Nordquist).
Faber, D.J.
J.
1-65.
J. Fish. Res. Bd. canada, 23 (3)1
Early developmental stages of Copepoda.
Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 11 (2)1
Gibbons, S.G. and H.S. Ogilvie.
1933.
189-205.
II Metrldla
493-497.
Developmental stages of Qithona
helgolandica and Q. spinitostris with a note on the occurrence of body
spines in cyclopoid nauplii.
J. Mar. BioI. Ass. U.K., N.S., 18 (2).
529 - 550.
Johnson, M.W.
1934.
The life history of the Copepod
(Thompson and Scott).
1934b.
~
discaudatus
182-200.
The developmental stages of the Copepod Epilabidocera
amphi trl tes McMurrich.
1938.
8iol. Bull., 67 (1).
Biol. BuU., 67 (3)1
466-483.
Concerning the Copepod Eucalanus elongatus Dana and its
varieties in the Northeast Pacific.
Univ. cal. Tech. Ser., 4 (6)&
Bull. Scripps lnst. Oceanogr.,
l6~-180.
-92-
Kogo, F.
1960.
The nauplius larvae of Centropages abdominal1s Sato.
Japan Soc. Se. Fisheries, 26 (9)&
Lebour, M.V.
1916.
Bull.
877-882.
stages in the life history of ~ finmarchicu5
(Gunnerus), experimentally reared by Mr. L.R. Crawshay in the Plymouth
Laboratory.
Murphy, H.E.
Uolvo
Oberg, M.
J. Mar. BioI. Ass. U.K., N.S., 11 (1)&
1923.
cal.
The life cycle of Oithona!!!!!.!:, reared experimentally.
Pub. zool., 22.
1906.
1953.
Shan, Kuo-cheng.
449-454.
Die Metamorpose der Plankton Copepoden der Kieler Bucht._
Wiss. Meer. Abt. Kiel, 9.
Ogilvie, H.S.
37-175.
Copepod Naupl1i (1) Fich. Ident. Zoopl •• 50.
1962.
Systematic and ecological studies on Copepoda
in Indian Arm, British Columbia.
Wiborg, K.F.
1-17.
1948.
M.Sc. Thesis, Uolvo of B.C., pp 185.
Experiments with the Clarke-Bumpus Plankton Sampler
and with a plankton pump in the Lofoten area in Northern Norway.
Rep. Norw. Fish. Invest., 9 (2).
1-22.
-93-
MYSIDACCA
The mysids of the area have been described by Tattersall (1933) and
Banner (1948).
More recent revisions are given by Tattersall (1951) and
Banner (l954).
Although there are only four species in the present
collection, all the species recorded from this area are listed, since it
is anticipated that more species will be captured when other types of
gear are used.
The author wishes to thank Mr. 0.0. Kennedy, of the Pacific
Oceanographic Group, Biological Station, Nanaimo, for identifying the
specimens 1n the present collection.
Gnathophausia
Gnathophausia
Remarksl
~
~
A; Recorded as a common oceanic species.
Eucopia unguiculata
Eucopia unguiculata
Remarks.
W111emoes-Suhm, 1875
*Banner, 1948
Tattersall, 1951
Banner, 1954
A; Oceanic records only.
Boreomysis kinkaidi
Boreomysis kinkaidi
Remarks.
Wi 11 emoe s-SUhm , 1875
Tattersall, 1933
Banner, 1948
Tattersall, 1951
*Sanner, 1954
Pequegnat, 1965
A; Oceanic records only.
Banner, 1948
*Banner, 1948
Banner, 1954
-94-
Boreomysis microps
Boreomysis microps
Remarks.
G.O. Sars, 1883
*Banner, 1948
Tattersall, 1951
Banner, 1954
A; Oceanic records only.
Amb1yops abbreviata
Amb1yops abbreviata
Remarks.
A; Oceanic records only.
Pseudomma
Pseudomma
M. Sars, 1868
*Banner, 1948
Tattersall, 1951
Banner, 1954
~
~
Remarks.
5.1. smith, 1879
Tattersall, 1933
*Banner, 1948
Tattersall, 1951
Banner, 1954
X; Deep; Rarel Recorded from Puget Sound, north of Pender
Island, Haro Strait. In the present collection it is
corrmon in Haro Strait deep hauls.
Pseudomma berke1eyi
Pseudomma berke1eyi
Remarks.
Tattersall, 1933
Tattersall, 1933
*Banner, 1948
Tattersall, 1951
Banner, 1958
AI Type locality Indian Arm, Burrard Inlet.
Caesaromysi 5 vanc1evi
Caesaromysi s vanclevi
Remarksa
AI Oceanic records only.
Banner, 1948
*Banner, 1948
Banner, 1954
-95lous! tatomysis serrata
1 nu s1 ta tomysi 5 Sp.
Inusitatomysis serrata
Remarks.
A; Reported from Queen Charlotte strait.
stilomysis qrandis
Stilomysis qrandis
Remarks.
Tattersall, 1951
*Banner, 1948
Tattersall, 1951
Banner, 1954
(Goes, 1863)
Tattersall, 1933
*Banner, 1948
Tattersall, 1951
AI Reported from Howe Sound.
Ortmann, 1894
Boreomysis californica
Boreomysis californica
Remarks.
Oceanic records only.
Euchaetomera tenuis
Euchaetomera tenuis
Remarks.
*Banner, 1948
Tattersall, 1951
Banner, 1954
G.O. Sars, 1883
*Sanner, 1948
Tattersall, 1951
Banner, 1954
A; Reported from waters surrounding the Queen Charlotte
Islands.
Euchaetomeropsis pad fica
Euchaetomeropsis pacifica
Remarksl
Banner, 1948
*Banner t 1948
Banner, 1954
AJ Reported as an oceanic species off the Queen Charlotte
Islandse
-96-
Holmsiella anomala
Ortmann, 1908
Ho1msiella anoma1a
Remarks.
Tattersall, 1933
*Banner, 1948
Tattersall, 1951
Banner, 1954
X; Deep; Rare;
collection.
The most conrnon pelagic mysid in the present
Ileterythrops robusta
Meterythrops robusta
Meterythrops microphthalma
Meterythrops robusta
Remarks.
5.1. smith, 1879
Tattersall, 1933
*Banner, 1948
Banner, 1948
Banner, 1954
A; OCeanic records only.
(Murdoch, 1884)
Tattersall, 1933
*Banner, 1948
Tattersall, 1951
Banner, 1954
Remarks.
X; Deep; Rare.
Neomysis kadiakensis
Neomysis kadiakensis
Remarks.
Ortmann, 1908
Tattersall, 1933
*Sanner, 1948
Tattersall, 1951
Banner, 1954
A; Recorded from Indian Arm.
Acanthomysis pseudomacropsis
Neomysis pseudomacropsis
Acanthomysis pseudomacropsis
Remarks.
(Tattersall, 1933)
Tattersall, 1933
*Sanner, 1948
Tattersall, 1951
Banner, 1954
AJ Recorded from Strait of Georgia.
-97Acanthomysis macropsis
Neomysi s macropsi s
Acanthomysis macropsis
Remarks,
(Tattersall, 1932)
Tattersall, 1933
*Banner, 1948
Tattersall, 1951
Banner, 1954
AI Recorded from Strait of Georgia.
Acanthomysi s nephrophthalma
Acanthomysi s nephrophthalma
Remarks.
A; Recorded from Johnson Strait and Hecate Strait.
proneomysis wailesi
Proneomysis wailesi
Remarks,
Tattersall, 1933
Tattersall, 1933
*Banner, 1948
Tattersall, 1951
Banner, 1954
AI Recorded from Indian Ann.
Heteromysis odontops
Heteromysi s odontops
Remarks.
Walker, 1898
Tattersall, 1933
*Banner, 1948
Tattersall, 1951
Banner, 1954
AI Recorded from Puget Sound.
Mysidella americana
Mysidella americana
RemarkSi
Banner, 1948
*Banner, 1948
Banner, 1954
Banner, 1948
*Banner, 1948
Banner, 1951
AI Recorded from Queen Charlotte 'Sound.
-98-
References to the Mysidacea
Banner, A.H.
1947.
A taxonomic study of the Mysidacea and Euphausiacea
(Crustacea) of the Northeastern Pacific.
It Mysidacea, from Family
Lophogastridae through Tribe Erythropini.
Trans. Roy. Can. lost.,
27 (57).
347-399.
A taxonomic study of the Mysidacea and the Euphausiacea
1948.
(Crustacea) of the Northeastern Pacific.
Mystni through SUbfamily Mysidellinae.
27 (57"
II..
Mysidacea, from Tribe
Trans. Roy. Can. lost.,
65-125.
1954.
A supplement to W.N. Tattersall' 5 review of the Mysidacea
of the United States Museums.
Proe. U.S. Nat. Mus., 103 (3334)a;
575-583.
Pequegnat, L.. H.
1965.
The bathypelagic Mysid Gnathophausia (Crustacea)
and its distribution in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.
19 (4).
Tattersall, W.M.
1933.
Contr. Can. Biol.
19~L
Museum.
Pacific Science,
399-422.
Euphausiacea and Mysidacea from Western Canada.
8 (15).
183-205.
A review of the Mysidacea of the United States National
Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 2011
25-32.
-99-
aJMACH
Although the OJmacea are considered to be benthic animals, adults of
both sexes are found in surface tows during the spring and early summer.
Of the seventeen species recorded from the Vancouver Island Region by Hart
(1930), three were found in the present collection.
The author wishes to
thank J.F.L. Hart of the British COlumbia Provincial Museum, Victoria, B.C.,
for identifying the specimens in the present collection.
Hemilaprops gracilis
Hemilaprops gracilis
Remarks.
Hart, 1930
Hart, 1930
A; Type locality male - Rocky Bay, 160 m
female - Ni Uenatch Island, 200 m
G.O. Sars, 1865
Hart, 1930
N.S. Jones, 1957
Remarksl
A
Eudorella pacifica
Eudorella pacifica
Remarksl
A; Type locaH ty - Deep Cove, Burrard Inlet, 120 m
Eudorella tridentata
Remarksl
emarqinata
Remarksl
Hart, 1930
A; Type locality - Departure Bay
Eudorella ~
~
Hart, 1930
Hart, 1930
A
(Krpyer, 1846)
Hart, 1930
N.S. Jones, 1957
-100EUdorellopsis biplicata
Eudorellopsis bipllcata
Remarks.
A
Diastylis bidentata
Diastylis bidentata
Colman, 1912
Hart, 1930
Diastylls koreana
Diastylis koreana
Remarks.
Colman, 1912
Hart, 1930
A
Diastylis paraspinu10sa
Diastylis paraspinu10sa
Remarks.
Diastylis pellucida
Leptostylis villosa
G.O. Sars, 1869
Hart, 1930
N.S. Jones,
19~7
A
Lamprops carinata
Remarks.
Hart, 1930
Hart, 1930
X; surface; Rare; Spring I Type locality - Deep Cove,
Burrard Inlet, 120 m.
Leptostylis villosa
Remarksa
Ziamer, 1926
Hart, 1930
A
Diastylis pellucida
Remarks.
Colman, 1912
Hart, 1930
Hart, 1930
X; SUrface; Rare; Spring; Type locality - Berry Point,
Burrard Inlet, 25-~0 m.
-101-
Hart, 1930
Hart, 1930
Remarks.
A; Type locality - Departure Bay, 20-30 m.
G.O. Sars, 1865
Hart, 1930
N.S. Jones, 1957
Remarksl
A
Lamprops guadruplicata
Lamprops auadruplicata
Remarks.
5.1. smith, 1879
Hart, 1930
A
Hart, 1930
Hart, 1930
Remarks.
X; SUrface; Rare; Spring; Type locality - male - Pal"ry Bay
female - Brockton Point
Campylaspis rufa
Campylaspis rufa
Remarks.
Hart, 1930
Hart, 1930
AI Type locality - Mi tlenatch Island, 200 m.
L
-102-
References
Hart, J.F.L.
1930.
Some Cumacea of the Vancouver Island Region.
can. BioI. & Fish., N.S., 61
Jones, N.S.
1957.
to the OJmacea
Qunacea.
23-40.
Fich. Ident. Zoopl., 71-76.
Contr.
-103AMPHlPODA
Wailes' list (1931) was based on specimens which he sent to Shoemaker
for identification.
Shoemaker himself did not publish any of his findings.
The first systematic account of the amphipods of Bri Ush Columbia coastal
waters was Thorsteinson (l941).
BOYllllan (1953) deals with the Hyperid
Amphipods off the California coast.
Some North Pacific species not dealt
wi th by BOVlll'lan are described by Hurley (1956, 1963).
Hart (1961) gives records
of three of the larger Hyperids found near Victoria.
The systematics of the
Gammeriids of the North western Pacific is covered extensively by Gur'janova
(1951).
In the present collection there are twelve species of amphipod, two
species which are likely new to science.
HypaTia medusarum
Hyperia mudusarum
Remarks.
(Muller, 1176)
Wailes, 1931 (Shoemaker)
*Bov.man, 1953
I>Jnbar, 1963
A
Bova1lius, 1889
Hyper1a S!l2!
Hyperia sp1nigera
Remarks.
Wailes, 1931 (Shoemaker)
Thorstelnson, 1941
*BoYlfllan, 1953
Hurley, 1956
I>Jnbar, 1963
AJ Length 7.5 tm'l collected from a medusae near Friday
Harbour, (Thorsteinson, 1941).
-104-
Hyperia 1atreil1ei
Hyperia 1atreillei
Remarks.
Milne-Edwards, 1830
*Bownan, 1953
X; Deep; Rare. See BOVlnan (1953) for a discussion of the
taxonomic status of the genus.
Parathemisto pacifica
Themisto abyssorum
Parathemisto abyssorum
Parathemisto 1aponica
Parathemisto pacifica
Remarks.
X; SUrface & Mid-depth; Abundant. For a discussion of synonymy
and distribution of this species see BOVlnan (1960).
Hyperoche medusarum
Hyperoche leutkeni ?
Hyperoche medusarum
Remarks.
Krpyer, 1838
Thorsteinson, 1941
*BoVlnan, 1953
Hurley, 1956
I).mbar, 1963
X; Surface; COmmon; SUl1ll'ler. This species seems to be associated
wi th the coelenterate Phialidium greqarium.
Hyperoche medi terranea
Hyperoche leutkeni ?
Hyp81I'oche medi terranea
Remarks.
Senna, 1906
Thorsteinson, 1941
*Bo~an, 1953
A; From Thorsteinson's description it is impossible to distinquish
between H. medusarum, H. mediterranea and H. leutkeni.
Euprimno abyssalis
Primno macropa
(1)
Euprimno abyssali s
Remarks.
Stebbi n9. 1888
Shoemaker, 1930 (specimens from Nanaimo)
Thorsteinson, 1941
BOVlnan, 1953
Hurley, 1956
*Bownan, 1960
Bov.man, 1953
Thorsteinson, 1941
*Bov.man, 1953
X; Mid-depth and deep; Col1ll'lOn. According to BOY«llan,
Thorsteinson's description and figures of the female
Primno macropa were undoubtedly based on Euprimno abyssalis.
He goes on to say that it is impossible to ascertain from
her account whether or not she also had Euprimno macropa.
Both species as described by BOYlllan occur in the present
collection but g. abyssalis is the most coamon.
-105-
Guerin, 1836
Wailes, 1931 (Shoemaker)
Thorsteinson, 1941
*Bo'llllan, 1953
Hurley, 1956
Euprimno macropus
Primno macropa ?
Euprimno macropa
Remarks.
Xj Mid-depth; Rare. The validity of the record of thi.s species
in B.C. Coastal waters was under question (BoVlnan, 1953).
However, this species occurs in the present collection.
Phronima
~
Phronima sedentaria
Remarks.
(Forska1, 1775)
Thorsteinson, 1941 (Gulf of Alaska)
Hurley, 1956
Hart, 1961
*Shih & DJnbar, 1963
X; Mid-depth; Rare. Hart I s record (1961) is of two specimens
found intertidally in the vicinity of Victoria. The one
specimen in the present collection was captured in a trawl
at a depth of 64 meters in the waters of Juan de Fuca Strait
off Victoria.
Cystisoma pellucidum
Cystisoma pellucidum
Remarks.
AI Length, 67 rom; Found on the beach near Victoria.
Cystisoma fabricii
Cystisoma fabricii
Remarks.
(WillemUes-Suhm, 1873)
Thorsteinson, 1941 (Gulf of Alaska)
Hurley, 1956
*Hart, 1961
Stebbing, 1888
Hurley, 1956
*Hart, 1961
A; Length 45 rom; Found on the beach near Victoria.
(sars, 1882)
Thorsteinson, 1941
*Ha:r1ey, 1956
Remarks.
X; Deep; Common.
-106-
Stebb1ng, 1888
Cyphocaris challenged
Cyphocaris challenged
Cyphocaris kincaidi
Cyphocaris challenger!
Remarksl
Wailes, 1931 (Shoemaker)
Thorsteinson, 1941
Thorsteinson, 1941
Bernard, 1958
*Gur'janova, 1951
Hurley, 1963
Xi Mid-depth & deep; Abundant.
(Sars, 1890)
Orchomenella obtusa
Holmes, 1908
Gur' janova, 1951
Bernard, 1958
*Hurley, 1963
Orchomenel a affinis
Orchomenella obtusa
Remarks.
Xi Mid-depth & deep; ColIlllOn. This species is CODIIlon in
Saanich Inlet and Burke Channel. See Hurley (1963) for
a discussion of the genera on the coast of North America.
Calliopius laeviusculus
Calliopius laeviusculus
Remarks.
(Krpyer, 1838)
Wailes, 1931 (Shoemaker)
Gur' janova, 1951
Bernard, 1958
X; SUrface; Common; Spring.
Melphidippa sp.
Melph1d1ppa (?) goe.1
Remarks.
Stilipes distincta
St111pes distincta
Remarks.
Waile., 1931 (Shoemaker)
X; Deep; Rare. The specimens in the present collection most
nearly resemble M. ~ but there seem to be sufficient
differences to establish a new species. This amphipod has
been consistently found at one statio in Harc Strait.
?
Holmes, 1909
Holmes, 1909
X; Deep; Rare. The specimens in the present collection belong
to the genus as described by Holmes but with sufficient
difference to be a new species.
-107-
Pelagic Amphipods from "off the British Columbia COast .. identified by
Shoemaker and listed by Wailes (1931) which do not occur in the present
collection.
Ampel1sca macrocephala
Lillj.
Nicippe tumid a
(Bruzelius)
Eurystheus tenuicornis
(Holmes)
Q2!.!!~
Krher
Eusirus leptocarpus
Sars
Harpina affinis
Holmes
7
Qxvcephalus clausi
Bov.
Pontogenia inermis
Krher
(Sars)
Harpina oculata
Holmes
Rhachotropis Inflata
Maera dubio
CaIman
Rhachotropis helleri
(Boeck)
Meli ta palmata
(Mont. 7)
Westwoodilla caecula
Bate
Monoculodes carinatus
Bate
-109-
Table 4
Key to the Pelagic Amphipods - Strait of Georgia
1)
Compound eye usually covering the entire head region. Head
segment usually as large or larger than first body segment.
(A)
Longer than 7 nun, body pigmented or opaque
(a)
(b)
(B)
(c)
2)
fifth leg prominently chelate
adul t longer than 10 nun
adult shorter than 10 nun
Euprimno sp.
abyssalis
macropa
g.
g.
fifth leg not chelate, first and second
legs subchelate
Longer than 7 mm, body transparent
(a)
fifth leg prominently chelate
(b)
legs not chelate
smaller than 7 mm, body pigmented or opaque
(a)
fi fth leg prominently chelate
(b)
fifth leg not chelate; legs 5-7 longer
than 3 and 4
(c)
fifth leg not chelate; legs 5-7 not longer
than 3 and 4; first 2 legs chelate
Parathemi sto
Compound eyes not covering the entire head region.
(A)
Head segment as large or larger than first body segment.
(a)
longer than 15
(b)
shorter than 15 mm, vaulted forehead when
viewed laterally
(c)
antennae projecting like "horns" when
viewed dorsally
IMl,
head bulbous
-111-
(B)
Head segment smaller than first body segment
(a)
first two legs chelate, last five segments
of body produced as dorsal spines
(b)
first two legs chelate, no dorsal spines
(c)
first two legs 5ubchelate, body usual! y
bright orange
Melphidippa
Orchomene11 a
~ ~ ,-----,-,---',-----0I
$6
25
24
i
, ii
iii
,
Iii
iii i
I
,
?
Sexually mature
generally with
eggs or larval stages
~3
E
,
';'
E2
;!O
C)
Z
~
I'
0.1
I
I
I
.. "
,
,
,
",
06 0.8 I
2
3
4 5 678910
I
,
I
I
,
I
02
03 Q4
WET WEIGHT mg
Figure 8.
Relationship of length to wet weight for Parathemisto
from Saanich Inlet, June-July, 1966.
20
-115-
References to the Amphipoda
Barnard, J .L.
1954.
Marine Amphipoda of Oregon.
Studies in Zoology No.8.
1958.
Index to the Families, Genera and Species of the GallJJlaridean
Amphipoda (Crustacea)..
No. 19.
Oregon state Monographs,
1-103.
Allan Hancock Foundation Pub., occasional paper
University of Southern California Press, Los Angeles, CaLr
145 pp.
1964.
Albatross.
BOVlllan, T.E.
Some Bathyal Pacific Amphipoda collected by the U.S.A.
Pacific Science, 18 (3)1
1953.
315-335.
The Systematics and Distribution of Pelagic Amphipods
of the Families Vibiliidae, Paraphoronimidae, Hyperiidae, Dairellidae,
and Phrosinidae from the Northeastern Pacific.
Ph.D. Thesis, University
of California, Los Angelesl 430 pp.
1960.
The Pelagic Amphipod Genus Parathemisto (Hyperiideal
Hyperiidae) in the North Pacific and adjacent Arctic Ocean.
U.S. Nat. Mus., 112 (3439)
IXinbar, M.J.
1963.
I
Proc.
343-92.
Amphipoda - Sub-ordera
Hyperiidea.
Fich. Ident.
Zoopl., 103.
Gur1janova, E.F.
1951.
Amphipods of the Seas of the USSR and Surrounding
Waters (in Russian).
5.S.S.R., 741
440 pp.
ZooL Inst., Akad, Nauk 'S.S.S.R., Opred. po faune
-116Holmes, S.J..
Steamer
1908.
The Amphipoda collected by the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries
"Albatrossll off the West Coast of North America, in 1903 and
1904, with descriptions of a new family and several new genera and species.
u.s.
Proc.
Hurley, D.E.
Nat. Mus., 35 (I654).
1956.
489-543.
Bathypelagic and other Hyperiidae from California waters.
Allan Hancock Fdn. Occ. paper No. 18. 1-25.
S~US,
G.O.
1895.
Account of the Crustacea of Norway.
An
Shih, Chang-Tal and M.J .. !)Jnbar.
1963.
I. Amphipoda.
Amphipoda SUb-ordera Hyperiidea.
Fich. Ident. Zoop1-, 104.
Shoemaker, C.R.
1930.
The Amphipods of the Cheticamp Expedition of 1917.
Contrib. Gan. Biol. and Fish., N.S. 5 (10).
1955.
221-359.
Amphipoda Collected at the Arctic Laboratory, Office of
Naval Research, point Barrow, Alaska, by G.E. MacGinitie. smithsonian
Misc. Coll., 128 (1).
Thorsteinson, E.D.
Coast.
Wailes, G.H.
1941.
1-78.
New or Noteworthy Amphipods from the North Pacific
Univ. Wash. pubL Oceanogr. 4 (2).
1931.
50-96.
Amphipoda from Sri tish Columbia.
(Vancouver), 6 (I).
40-41.
Museum and Art Notes
-117EUPHAUSI ACEAE
The euphausiids of the Northeastern Pacific were fist described by
Banner (1949).
A more recent description of the euphausiids of the North
Paci fie is given by Boden, Johnson, and Brinton
(l9~5).
The zoogeography of
the group is discussed by Brinton (1962).
Hansen, 1911
Tattersall, 1935
Banner, 1949
*Boden, Johnson and Brinton,
Brinton, 1962
Remarks.
X; Mid-depth to surface; Very abundant.
Thysanoessa 10n9ipes
Thysanot!ssa armata
Thysanoessa 10n9ipes
Remarks.
Thysanoessa inermis
18~1
Kr,tSyer, 1846
Banner, 1949
*Boden, Johnson and Brinton, 1955
Brinton, 1962
X; Deep; Rare.
Thysanoessa raschii
Thysanolrssa raschii
Remarks.
Brandt,
Marukawa, 1928
Tattersall, 1933
Banner, 1949
*Boden, Johnson and Brinton, 1955
Bri nton, 1962
X; Mid-depth to surface; Abundant.
ThysanoWssa inermis
Remarks.
19~5
M. Sars, 1864
Tattersall, 1933
Banner, 1949
*Boden, Johnson and Brinton, 1955
Brinton, 1962
X; Mid-depth to surface; Rare.
-118Thysanoessa spinifera
Thysano"essa spini fera
Remarks.
X; Mid-depth to surface; Rare.
Nematoscelis difficilis
Nematoscelis difficilis
Remarks.
Hansen, 1911
Esterly, 1914
Banner, 1949
*Boden, Johnson & Brinton, 1955
Brinton, 1962
McLaughlin, 1965
X; Deep; Rare.
Tessarabrachion
Tessarabrachion oculata
Tessarabrachion O'CU"iatUm
Tessarabrachion ocu1atus
Remarks.
Holmes, 1900
Tattersall, 1933
Banner, 1949
*Boden, Johnson & Brinton, 1955
Brinton, 1962
X; RareJ Deep.
~
(Hansen, 1911)
Hansen, 1911
Banner, 1949
*Boden, Johnson & Brinton, 1955
Brinton, 1962
-119Table 5
Key to the Euphausiids - Strait of Georgia
1)
Rostral spine
(A)
Eyes round or oval
(a)
(8)
Thysanoessa spin! fera
(b)
Dorsal abdominal spine on last segment
only; maximum length to 16 mm
Thysanoltssa inennis
(e)
No abdominal spines; maximum length
to 25 mm
Thysanob'ssa raschii
Eyes constricted
(a)
(b)
2)
Dorsal abdominal spines, largest on
4th segment; maximum length to 24 lMl
Dorsal abdominal spines, largest
on 3rd segmen t
Thysanoitssa longipes
No abdominal spines
Nemato5celis di fficilis
No rostral spine
(A)
Eyes round or nearly round
(B)
Eyes constricted, rostral keel
Tessarabrachion oculatus
C
40
I
I
i I
o
,
i
,
'"
,
I
I i i i
g 30
]!
'0
20
c
o
i
.~ 10
2 80
~
'"
6.0
."
'E 4.0
,
E
~
.5
~
<:>
2.0
z
w
...J
1.0
I
0.1
I
0.2
I
I
I
0.3 0.4
I
0.6
I I II
o.a
1.0
I
2.0
I
I
3.04.0
I
I
I I II
6.08010
I
20
WET WEIGHT (mg.l
Figure 9.
Relationship of length to wet weight for Euphausl1ds
found in Saanich Inlet, June-July, 1966 (length fro.ll
eye stalk to tip of telson).
I
I
30 40
I
I
I I II
60 80 100
-123-
References to the Euphausiacea
Banner, A.H.
1949.
A taxonomic study of the mysidacea and the eupl)ausiacea
(crustacea) of the Northeastern Pacific.
Roy. Can. lnst., 29 (58).
Boden, B.P., M.W. Johnson and E. Brinton.
(crustacea) of the North Pacific.
Cal., 6 (8).
Brinton, E.
III.
Euphausiacea.
1955.
The euphausiacea
Bull. Scripps lost. Ocean., Univ.
287-400.
1962.
Variable factors affecting the apparent range and
estimated concentration of euphausi1ds in the North Pad fico
Science, 16 (4).
1962.
The distribution of the Pacific euphausiids.
1911.
Pacific
374-408.
lost. Oceanogr., 8 (2)1
Hansen, H.J.
Trans.
1-63.
Bull. Scripps
51-270.
The genera and species of the order euphausiacea, with
an account of remarkable variation.
Bull. lost. Ocean. Monaco, 210.
1-54.
McLaughlin, P.A.
1965.
A redescription of the euphausiid crustacean
Nematoscelis difficilis Hansen, 1911.
Marukawa, H.
1928.
Crustaceana, 9 (1).
Uber neue 5 Arten der Schizopoden.
Research, Tokyo, 2 (1).
1-6.
41-44.
Annot. Ocean.
-125~CAPODA
The systematics of the decapods of the coast of North America has
been done by Rathbun (IB99, 1902, 1904), Benedict (1903) and schmitt (1921).
There are five species of decapods 1n the present collection.
Two of
them, Paslphaea pacifica and Sergestes similis, are pelagic throughout their
life cycle.
The other three were identified from late juvenile forms that
were sufficiently developed for positive identification.
Rathbun, 1902
Rathbun, 1902
*Rathbun, 1904
Schmitt, 1921
Butler, 1964
Kennedy!!,!!, 1966
Remarks.
X; Deep; Rare; Pelagic throughout life history.
Hansen, 1903
*Schmitt, 1921
Butler, 1964
Barraclough & Herlinveaux, 1965
Pearcy & Forss, 1966
Remarks.
X; Mid-depth; Rare; Specimens in the present collection
were captured in a large pelagic trawl.
Spirontocaris sica
Spirontocari s sica
Remarks.
Rathbun, 1902
Rathbun, 1902
*Rathbun, 1904
Butler, 1964
Barraclough & Herlinveaux, 1965
A; Reported as present in a scattering layer in Saanich Inlet
by Barraclough & Herlinveaux (l965).
-126(Rathbun, 1899)
*Rathbun, 1904
Schmitt, 1921
Butler, 1955
Crangon communi s
Crago corrmuni s
Remarks.
X; Deep; Rare; Juveniles only in the present collection.
Munida quadrispina
Munida quadrispina
Remarks.
Benedict, 1903
*Benedict, 1903
Rathbun, 1904
Schmitt, 1921
X; Mid-depths; ColIlDon; Type locality. Off Cape Seal,
Vancouver Island, 66 fm. Juveniles are coamon in the
Strait of Georgia and in Saanich Inlet during the fall.
-127-
References to the Decapoda
Barraclough, W.E. and R.H. Herlinveaux. MS, 1965.
Echo Scattering.
No. 199.
Exploratory Studies of the
Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, MS Rept., Oceanogr. and Limnol.,
1-42.
Benedict, J .E.
1903.
Descriptions of a New Genus and Forty-six New 'Species
of Crustaceans of the Family Galatheidae, with a List of the Known Marine
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 26.
Species.
Butler, T.H.
1955.
243-334.
He-discovery of the Parasitic Cirripede, Mycetomorpha
vancouverensis Potts, in British Columbia waters.
41 (3).
J .. Parasitology,
321.
1964.
Records of Shrimps (order Decapoda) from Sri tish Columbia.
J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, 21 (2)_
419-421.
Kennedy, 0.0., W.E. Barraclough and T.H. Butler.
MS, 1966.
Distribution and
Parasitism of the Shrimp, Pasiphaea pacifica Rathbun, in the 'Strait of
Georgia.
Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, MS Rept. Oceanogr. & Limnol., No. 213a
1-21.
Pearcy, W.G. and C.A. Forss.
(Decapodaa
1966.
Depth distribution of Oceanic Shrimps
Natantia) off Oregon.
J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, 23 (8) a
1135-43.
Rathbun, M.J.
1902.
Descriptions of New Decapod Crustaceans from the West
Coast of North America.
1904.
Proc.
u.s.
Nat. Mus., 24,
885-905.
Decapod crustaceans of the Northwest Coast of North America.
Harriman Alaska Expedition, lOa
1-210.
-128Schmitt, W.L.
1921.
The Marine Decapod Crustacea of California.
calif. publ. Zool., 23,
1-470.
Uolvo
-129GHAETOGNATIIA
The systematics of the Chaetognaths of this region were done by Lea
(1955).
Her work includes a key for local species.
The distribution of
chaetognaths in the Pacific is given by Bieri (1959).
A more recent revision
of the entire group is given by Alvarino (1965).
Verill, 1873
*Lea, 1955
Hida, 1957
Legare, 1957
Bieri, 1959
LeBrasseur, 1959
Alvarino, 1965
Remarks.
X; surface and Mid-depth; Abundant; All year.
Alvarino, 1962
*Lea, 1955
Legare, 1957
Bieri, 1959
SUnd, 1959
LeBrasseur, 1959
Alvarino, 1962
Alvarino, 1965
Remarks.
X; Mid-depth and deep; Rare; Spring.
Sagitta decipiens
Sagitta decipiens
Remarks.
Fowler, 1905
*Lea, 1955
Hida, 1957
Bieri, 1959
LeBrasseur, 1959
Alvarino, 1965
A; One specimen recorded by Lea from Bute Inlet.
-130-
sagitta zetestios
sagitta planktonis
Sagitta zetestios
Remarks.
Fowler, 1905
*Lea, 1955
Hida, 1957
Biere, 1959
Alvarino, 1965
A; One specimen recorded by LeBrasseur from Bute Inlet
off British Columbia West Coast in summer months.
Mobius, 1875
*Lea, 1955
Hida, 1957
Legare, 1957
Bieri, 1959
LeBrasseur, 1959
Alvarino, 1965
Remarks.
XI Deep; Rare; Spring and SUlIlller.
-131-
Table 6
Key to the Chaetognatha - Strait of Georgia
1)
Anal opening anterior to tail septum -
2)
Anal opening at tail septum
A)
No pigment in eyes -
B)
Eyes pigmented
(a)
collarette extending from
head to ventral ganglion -
(b)
no collarette
(1)
(il)
hooks 5-7
hooks 8-13
40
30
20
10
E
E
:I:
I~
z
w
8
6
5
4
,
w
w
,
...J
3
2
I'
0.1
I
0.2
1
I
0.3 04
Figure 10.
,
!
,
I!
I
0.6 08 1.0
I
I
I
2.0 3.0 4.0
WET WEIGHT mg
I
I
I
I
I
I
6.0 8.0 10
Relationship of length to wet weight for Chaetognaths
(after Miller, 1966).
I
20
I
,
3040
-135-
References to the Chaetognatha
Alvarino, A.
1962.
Two new Pacific Chaetognathso
Oceanogr. Tech. Sere t 8a
Chaetognathso
196~.
Bull. Scripps lost.
1-50.
Oceanogx. Mar. BloL Ann. Rev., 3, Harold
Barnes, Ed., PubL Geo. Allen and Unwin Ltd., London.
Aron, W.
1962.
115-194.
The distribution of animals 1n the eastern North Pacific
and its relationship to physical and chemical conditions.
Bd. canada, 19(2}a
Bieri, R.
1959.
The distribution of the Planktonic Chaetognatha in the
Pacific and their relationship to the water masses.
4 (1).
Hida, 1.5.
1957.
Chaetognaths and Pteropods as biological indicators in
the North Pacific.
1955.
Spec. sci. Rept. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv.,
1-13.
The Chaetognaths of Western Canadian Coastal Waters.
Res. Bd. Canada, 12 (4).
LeBrasseur, R.J.
1959.
Miller, J .K.
J. Fish.
593-617.
Sagitta.!Ylli a biological indicator species in the
subarctic waters of the eastern Pacific OCean.
16 (6)&
Limnol. Oceanogr.
1-2B.
Fish, No. 215.
Lea, H.
J. Fish Res.
271-314.
J. Fish. Res. Bd. canada,
795-805.
1966.
Biomass determinations of selected zooplankters found
in the california eo-operative OCeanic Fisheries Investigation.
Ref. 66-15.
5.1.0.
-136Sund, P.N.
1959.
1954 and 1956.
The distribution of Chaetognatha in the Gulf of Alaska in
J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, 16 (3).
351-361.
-137-
PTERa'ODA
There has been no work done on the pelagic mollusca of this area.
McGowan (1963) discusses the distribution and variations of Limacina in the
open ocean.
Hida (1957) discusses distribution of some pteropods in the
north central Pacific 1n relation to the water masses.
Phipps, 1774
CHone e1eqantissima
CHone kincaidi
CHone l1mac1na
Remarksl
0011, 1871
Agersborg
LaRocque, 1953
*Morton, 1957
Xi Deep; Common.
Limacina heHcina
L1macina pacifica
Limacina heHcina
Remarksl
X; Deep; Abundant.
Phipps, 1774
Vall, 1872
*Tesch, 1947
H1da, 1957
LaRocque, 1953
McGowan, 1963
-138-
References to the Pteropoda
Aron, W.
1962.
The distribution of animals in the eastern North Pacific
and its relationship to physical and chemical cond1 tions.
Res. Bd. Canada, 19 (2)0
Hida, I.S.
1957.
fish, No. 2151
1953.
Spec. Sci. Rept. u.s. Fish and Wildlife Serv.,
1-13.
Catalogue of the Recent Mollusca of Canada.
canada, Bull. No. 129&
McGowan, J .A.
1963.
North Pacific.
271-314.
Chaetognaths and Pteropods as biological indicators
in the North Pacific.
LaRocque, A.
J. Fish.
Nat. Mus.
406 pp.
Geographical variation in Limacina helicina in the
Systematics Association Pub. No.5.
Speciation in the
Sea, 109-128.
Morton, JoE.
1957.
Opisthobranchia, Orden
Gymnosomata, Family,
Fich, Ident. Zoopl., 80.
Tesch, J.J.
1947.
Pteropoda Thecosomata.
Fich. ldent. Zoopl., 8.
Cl1onidae.
-139-
TUNlCATA
The systematics of the pelagic runicates of British Columbia waters
have never been reported.
The Thaliacea listed by Wailes (l929) are endemic
to oceanic waters, likely of transitional waters rather than of subarctic waters.
They are included here only because they were listed by Wailes.
The Larvacea
of the North Pacific are discussed by Tokioka (1960) and the Thaliacea are
discussed by Tokioka and Berner (1958).
(A)
Oikopleura dioica
Oikop1eura dioica
Remarku
Larvacea
Fo1, 1872
McMurrich, 1916
Wailes, 1929
*Buckman, 1945
ToHoka, 1960
Xi Surface; Common; 'Spring.
Lohmann, 1896
*Buckmann, 1945
Tokioka, 1960
Remarks.
A
Oikop1eura 1abradoriensis
Oikopleura labradoriensis
Remarks.
A
Fr1 tillaria borealis f.
Fri tillaria borealis
Remarks.
Lohmann, 1892
*Buckmann, 1945
Tokioka, 1960
f. typica
~
Lotunann, 1900
*Tokioka, 1940
Tokioka, 1960
X; SUrface; Common; Spring.
-140-
(B)
Thaliacea
Forska1, 1775
Wailes, 1929
*Fraser, 1947
Remarks.
A
Chamisso, 1819
Sa1pa aspera
sa1pa ~
Sa1pa aspera
Remarks.
f. aspera
A
1.h!!!!
.§.!!£! ~
Thalia democratica
Remarku
Wailes, 1929
*Fraser, 1947
Foxton, 1961
A
democratica
Forska1, 1775
Wailes, 1929
*Fraser, 1947
-141-
References to the Tunicata
Buckmann, A.
Faxton, P.
1945.
~
1961.
Rept. 32.
Fraser, J.H.
TaHoka, T.
Fauna.
Appendicularia I-III.
Fich. Indent. Zoopl., 7.
fusiformis OJvier and Related Species.
Discovery
1-32.
1947.
1940.
Thaliacea I. Fich. Ident. ZoopL, 9.
Some additional notes on the Japanese Appendicularian
Records of Oceanographic Works in Japan, 11 {I)I
1960.
1-26.
Studes on the distribution of Appendicularians and some
Thaliceans of the North Pacific with some Morphological notes.
Publ. Seto Mar. BioI. Lab., 8 (2).
TaHoka, T. and L. Berner.
1958.
351-443.
On certain Thaliacea (Tunicata) from the
Pacific Ocean, with descriptions of two new species of doliolids.
Pacific Science, 12 (4)1
Wailes, G.H.
1929.
317-326.
Marine-Zoo-·nonkton of British Columbia. Mus. and Art
Notes (Vancouver), 4 (4).
159-165.