Neue EMV-Richtlinie 2004/108/EG
EMC in the jungle of directives and
standards
Christoph Hauser
Head of EMC laboratory Electrosuisse Fehraltorf
1 EMV-Fachtagung swissT.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph
EMC in the jungle of directives and standards
INHALT
• EMC directive
• Overview European directives related to EMC
• Standards with EMC requirements
• Example: Medical devices
• Example: Vehicles
• Example: Low Voltage Directive
• Example: Machinery directive
• Examples of other directives
• Manufacturer requirements
• Functional safety (EMC influences)
• Example: Laboratory equipment
• Example: Household appliances
• EMF (Electromagnetic Fields)
• Special requirements: Short Range Devices
2 EMV-Fachtagung swissT.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph
Definition of EMC
‘electromagnetic compatibility’ means the
ability of equipment to function
satisfactorily in its electromagnetic
environment without introducing
intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to
other equipment in that environment.
§ EMC directive 2004/108/EC: Article 2 (1)(d)
3 EMV-Fachtagung swissT.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph
EMC - directive
The EMC directive 2004/108/EC is
only applicable, if the product is not
covered by another directive !
DIRECTIVE 2004/108/EC OF THE
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF
THE COUNCIL
of 15 December 2004
 Therefore it has to be checked, if
for the product another directive
exists or if this partticular product is
exempted.
on the approximation of the laws of the Member
States relating to electromagnetic compatibility
and repealing Directive 89/336/EEC
........
Unfortunately there exists no overview of all directives and
standards with relation to EMC
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/oj/2004/l_390/l_39020041231en00240037.pdf
4 EMV-Fachtagung swissT.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph
Exemptions
• Equipment without electric or electronic component
§ 2004/108/EC: Art. 1 (3)
• Equipment which is inherently compliant
§ 2004/108/EC: Art. 1 (3)
- Example: Immersion heater
• Exempted product families:
- Aircraft
- Aeronautical products
- Radio equipment used by radio amateurs
§ 2004/108/EC: Art. 1 (2)
§ Regulation 1592/2002
• Equipment covered by other directives:
- see following next slides
§ 2004/108/EC: Art. 1 (4)
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2012:321:0001:0020:EN:PDF
5 EMV-Fachtagung swissT.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph
European directives related to EMC (1)
2004/108/EC
EMC
Electromagnetic compatibility
Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit
2006/95/EC
LVD
Low Voltage Directive
Niederspannungsrichtlinie
1999/5/EC
RTTE
Radio and telecommunications terminal equipment
Runkanlagen und Telekommunikationseinrichtungen
93/42/EC
MDD
Medical devices
Medizingeräte
98/79/EC
IVD
In-vitro diagnostic medical devices
In vitro Diagnosegeräte
90/385/EC
AIMD
Active implantable medical devices
AKtive Implantate
http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/european-standards/harmonised-standards/
6 EMV-Fachtagung swissT.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph
European directives related to EMC (2)
2006/42/EC
MD
Machinery Directive
Maschinen-Richtlinie
2004/22/EC
MID
Measuring instruments
Messgeräte (Zähler)
2009/23/EC
NAWI
Non-automatic weighing
Nichtselbsttätige Waagen
2008/57/EC
Railway systems: interoperability
Interoperabilität des Eisenbahnsystems
95/16/EC
Lifts
Lifte
2011/75/EC
Marine equipment
Schiffsausrüstung
(1996/98/EC)
http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/european-standards/harmonised-standards/
7 EMV-Fachtagung swissT.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph
European directives related to EMC (3)
2004/104/EC
Radio interference of vehicles
Funkentstörung von Kraftfahrzeugen
97/24/EC
Two or three-wheel motor vehicles (and quadricycles)
Zweiräder, Dreiräder
(2009/108/EC)
2009/64/EC
Radio interference of tractors
Funkentstörung von Traktoren
94/25/EC
Recrational craft
Sportboote
(2003/44/EC)
http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/automotive/documents/directives/index_en.htm
Only indirect:
EMC has to be fulfilled and a hazard by EMC phenomena must be possible:
94/9/EC
ATEX
Equipment for explosive athmospheres
Geräte für explosionsgefährdete Bereiche
8 EMV-Fachtagung swissT.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph
Example: Medical Devices Directive 93/42/EC
http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/european-standards/harmonised-standards/medical-devices/index_en.htm
9 EMV-Fachtagung swissT.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph
Example: Medical Devices Directive 93/42/EC
The MDD is a so called „vertical“ directive, this means all requirements
are covered and therefore also the EMC requirements.
The scope of the product family standard IEC/EN 60601-1-2 (listed under
the MDD) covers nearly all medical products. This standard also defines,
which EMC phenomena not have to be tested.
 Some of the standards of 60601-2-x
series demands additional
requirements for the EMC test of
special products, for example the
test against the influence of a
coagulation generator.
10 EMV-Fachtagung swissT.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph
Example: Vehicles
The directive 2004/104/EC (radio interference of vehicles) is one of a
huge number of directives suitable to show compliance of vehicles.
 This directive is
unique, because it
also contains the
requirements for the
EMC tests itself !
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2004:337:0013:0058:EN:PDF
11 EMV-Fachtagung swissT.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph
Example: Vehicles
The directives 2009/108/EC
(two- or three wheel vehicles)
and 2009/64/EC (radio interference of tractors) have the
identical structure.
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:216:0001:0075:EN:PDF
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:1997L0024:20090907:EN:PDF
12 EMV-Fachtagung swissT.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph
Example Low-Voltage Directive (1)
The standards mentioned below are examples of harmonised standards
with EMC content listed under the LVD as well as the EMC directive.
EN 50428
Switches for household and
similar fixed electrical installations
Switches and related accessories
for use in home and building
electronic systems (HBES)
Very detailed
informations for setup
and direct links to
55014 und 55015
EN 61439-1
(IEC 61439-1)
Low-voltage switchgear and
controlgear assemblies –
Part 1: General rules
Annex J,
requirements for
environments A and B
EN 60669-2-1
(IEC 60669-2-1)
Detailed requirements
Switches for household and
similar fixed electrical installations and criteria
Part 2-1: Particular requirements Electronic switches
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2012:245:0001:0081:EN:PDF
13 EMV-Fachtagung swissT.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph
Example Low-Voltage Directive (2)
EN 60730-x
(IEC 60730-x)
Automatic electrical controls for
household and similar use
Part 1: General requirements
Detailed
requirements /
Differences
from EN to IEC
EN 61008/9
EN 61543
(IEC 61008/9)
(IEC 61543)
Residual current operated circuitbreakers without/with integral overcurrent protection for household and
similar uses (RCCB's/RCBOs).
Part 1: General rules
Test specified
with 0.3 and
1.25 * IN
EN 61131-2
(IEC 61131-2)
Programmable controllers - Part 2:
Equipment requirements and tests
Detailed
requirements
for several
zones
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2012:245:0001:0081:EN:PDF
14 EMV-Fachtagung swissT.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph
Example Low-Voltage Directive (3)
The standards mentioned below are examples of harmonised standards
with EMC content listed under the LVD, but not under the EMC directive.
EN 50178
Electronic equipment for use in
power installations
6.3: Link to Generic
standards
EN 61058-1
(IEC 61058-1)
Switches for appliances
Part 1: General requirements
Requirements similar
to 60669-2-1
EN 61851-2x
Electric vehicle conductive
(IEC 61851-2x) charging system
Clause 9 or 11:
EMC-requirements
EN 62080
(IEC 62080)
Clause 26:
EMC-requirements
Sound signalling devices for
household and similar purposes
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2012:245:0001:0081:EN:PDF
15 EMV-Fachtagung swissT.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph
Example: EMC and machinery directive:
EN 60204-1:2006 clause 4.4.2
•
•
Equipment shall not generate electromagnetic disturbances
above the limits (= emission)
Equipment shall have a sufficient level of susceptibility against
electromagnetic disturbances (= immunity)
•
Links to Generic standards EN 61000-6-1 to EN 61000-6-4
•
Links to some product standards (they take precedence !)
•
Measures to limit generation of electromagnetic disturbances
•
Measures to enhance the immunity against influences
•
Link to EN 61000-5-2 (earthing / cabling)
16 EMV-Fachtagung swissT.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph
Example: Product standard takes precedence
This equipment is covered by the scope of the product-family standard
EN 50370 (EMC of machine tools), listed under the EMC directive.
Furthermore it is classified as apparatus, not as fixed installation.
According to the EMC
directive and the product
standard EN 50370 this is
an apparatus, not a fixed
installation, because the
product is commercially
available as a single
functional unit and finally
tested by the manufacturer.
17 EMV-Fachtagung swissT.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph
Examples of other directives (1)
Document
Directive
Standard with EMC
content
98/79/EC
IVD
In-vitro diagnostic
medical devices
EN 61326-2-6
90/385/EC
AIMD
Active implantable
medical devices
EN 45502-2-x
2004/22/EC
MID
Measuring instruments
EN 50470
2009/23/EC
NAWI
Non-automatic weighing
instruments
(EMC medical IVD equipment)
(Pacemakers, defillibrators)
(Electricity metering)
18 EMV-Fachtagung swissT.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph
EN 45501 (only immunity)
(Metrological aspects of nonautomatic weighing instruments)
Examples of other directives (2)
Document
Directive
Standard with EMC
content
2008/57/EC
Railway systems:
interoperability
EN 50155 / 50121-x
Lifts
EN 12016
95/16/EC
(Electronic equipment used on
rolling stock)
(EMC Product family standard for
lifts, escalators and moving walks)
2011/75/EC
Marine equipment
EN 60945 / 62388
(Maritime navigation and
radiocommunication equipment
and systems)
94/25/EC
Recreational craft
EN 60092-507
(Electrical installations in ships.
Part 507: Pleasure craft)
19 EMV-Fachtagung swissT.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph
Manufacturer requirements
 Many companies
defined their own
standards, additional
measurements or
enhanced test levels to
improve the product
quality.
60730-1
Testplan
EMV
Technical
Specification
Nr. 1110 039 – 01
Harmonics
Flicker
Type approval
Enhanced EMC Emission
Guideline
Immunity
requirements
61000-4-13
Burst / Surge
20 EMV-Fachtagung swissT.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph
Specification
Standards
EMC
Approbationrules EMC
Example Burst: Manufacturer requirements
Manufacturer A: 2 kV (crit. A) / 4 kV (crit. B) / 2.5 kV no mains filter (crit. B)
single coupling and common-mode
Manufacturer B: 2 kV (crit. A) / 4 kV (crit. B)
single coupling on supply ports, common-mode all other ports
Manufacturer C: 1 kV (crit. A) / 2 kV (crit. B) / 4 kV (crit. C)
Manufacturer D: 4 kV (crit. B) / 6 kV (crit. C) / 8 kV (crit. D)
Manufacturer E: + 0.5 kV,
giving 1.5 kV (crit. B)
Manufacturer F: 2 kV (crit. B)
Requirement of standard:
EN 55014-1:
EN 61000-6-2:
±1 kV L+N+PE
±2 kV L+N+PE
15 ms duration at 300 ms period
Criterion B
21 EMV-Fachtagung swissT.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph
Functional safety (EMC influences)
Functional safety is part of the overall safety
that depends on a system or equipment
operating correctly in response to its inputs.
The functions of the EUT intended for safety
applications may be disturbed temporarily
or permanently if the EUT reacts in a way
that defined state or states are maintained or
achieved within a stated time ( fail-safe).
Also, destruction is allowed.
§ for more precise definitions see EN 61511-1, clause 3.2.25 or EN 61326-3-1
22 EMV-Fachtagung swissT.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph
Overview standards for functional safety (1)
IEC/EN 60335-1
clause 19.11.4
Household and similar electrical appliances –
Safety – Part 1: General requirements
LVD
IEC/EN 61326-3-1 Electrical equipment for measurement,
IEC/EN 61326-3-2 control and laboratory use – EMC
requirements – Part 3-x: Immunity
requirements for safety-related systems and
for equipment intended to perform safetyrelated functions (Functional safety)
not yet listed in
official journal,
according to
CENELEC
„EMC related“
IEC/EN 61508-2
Basic standard,
not listed in OJ,
has to be applied
together with
IEC/EN 61511
Hint: see also
IEC/TS 61000-1-2
Functional safety of electrical / electronic /
programmable electronic safety-related
systems –
Part 2: Requirements for electrical/electronic/
programmable electronic safety-related
systems
23 EMV-Fachtagung swissT.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph
Overview standards for functional safety (2)
IEC/EN 61800-5-2 Adjustable speed electrical power drive
systems – Part 5-2: Safety requirements Functional
MD
Procedure based
on 61508-x, no
explicit
requirements
IEC/EN 62061
(annex E has
been deleted in
edition 2013, link
to EN 61326-1)
Safety of machinery – Functional safety of
safety-related electrical, electronic and
programmable electronic control systems
MD
Table E.1
contained
test level and
phenomena
IEC/EN 61496-1
Safety of machinery – Electro-sensitive
protective equipment – Part 1: General
requirements and tests
MD
Clause 4.3.2
defines test levels
for normal use and
functional safety
24 EMV-Fachtagung swissT.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph
Example 1: Laboratory equipment
• EN 61326-3-1 and 61326-3-2 are applicable to show compliance for
functional safety. Both standards are not yet listed in the OJ.
• The procedure is based on the risk analysis and the determination of the
electromagnetic environment according to EN 61508 und TS 61000-2-6.
• The product fulfills, if it remains safe
unter EMC influences. In some cases,
this also may be safe state, although
the appliance is destroyed.
 To show compliance for functional
safety typically the test levels are
higher than required for industrial
environment.
25 EMV-Fachtagung swissT.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph
Example 2: Household appliances
For a type approval of household appliances there are also
requirements for funtional safety under EMC influences.
(IEC/EN 60335-1, clause 19.11.4)
The appliance shall not undergo a dangerous malfunction, and
there shall be no failure of protective electronic circuits if the
appliance is still operable.
Appliances tested with an electronic switch in the off position, or
in the stand-by mode, shall
 not become operational, or
 if they become operational, not result in a dangerous
malfunction during or after the tests of 19.11.4
26 EMV-Fachtagung swissT.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph
Example 2: Test levels of EN 60335-1, 19.11.4
Test levels for appliances with stand-by or protective electronic circuits:
IEC 61000-4-2
IEC 61000-4-3
IEC 61000-4-4
IEC 61000-4-5
IEC 61000-4-6
IEC 61000-4-11
ESD
Radiated fields
Burst
Surge
Injected currents
Dips & interruptions
IEC 61000-4-13
19.11.4.8
Harmonics
Cut-off voltage
*
**
8 kV Contact, 15 kV air discharge
10 V/m, 80 – 1000 MHz *
4 kV, 5 kHz on mains power supply
2 kV L-N / 4 kV L-PE and N-PE **
10 V, 0.15 – 80 MHz
0%-10 ms, 0%-20 ms, 40%-200 ms
70%-500 ms, 80%-5 s
Class 2: 16 – 2000 Hz, 3 – 21 V
Switching level -10% for 60 s
Edition 2006 of 61000-4-3: extended frequency range 1400 – 6000 MHz
Edition 5 of 60335-1: frequency range defined with 80 – 1000 MHz and 1400 – 2000 MHz
Surge protective devices disconnected / Earthed heating elements disconnected if class 1
27 EMV-Fachtagung swissT.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph
EMF (ElectroMagnetic Fields)
EMF is the ability of a device, equipment or
system to work satisfactorily in its
environment without causing interferences
that would be unacceptable to all living
organisms in this environment. It therefore
includes thermal and nonthermal effects of
electromagnetic fields on biological systems.
§ See also council recommendation 1999/519/EC
28 EMV-Fachtagung swissT.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph
Harmonised standards EMF
Several harmonised standards for EMF have been listed in the
Official Journal (OJ) under the Low-Voltage Directive 2006/95/EC:
Some examples:
Standard
Scope
EN 62233:2008
EN 62311:2008
EN 62479:2010
EN 62493:2010
Household appliances (and tools, also commercial)
Basic standard
Low power equipment (< 20 mW)
Lighting equipment
The physical base is the same for EMF and EMC. In some cases the
same measurement equipment is used or EMC emission or
measurement results s are used also to show compliance for EMF.
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2012:245:0001:0081:EN:PDF
29 EMV-Fachtagung swissT.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph
Example: Household appliances EN 62233
» Scope: household appliances, toys and portable tools
» Excluded: personal computers, audio/video equipment, installations
» Measurement of magnetic flux density in the frequency range 10 Hz to
400 kHz against reference values of recommendation 1999/519/EG
» A transfer function compensates the frequency response of the organism
» Microwave ovens have to fulfill additional standards.
For induction hobs, special test conditions are applied.
» The electric field has only to be measured, if there are voltages above 1 kV
» Typical measuring distance (distance of use): 0 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm
30 EMV-Fachtagung swissT.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph
Reference values (Recommendation 1999/519/EC)
Frequency range
E-field
strength
(V/m)
H-field
strength
(A/m)
B-field
(µT)
Equivalent plane
wave power density
Seq(W/m2)
0 – 1 Hz
–
32 000
40 000
–
1 – 8 Hz
10 000
32 000 / f 2
40 000 / f 2
–
8 – 25 Hz
10 000
4000 / f
5 000 / f
–
25 – 800 Hz
250 000 / f
4000 / f
5 000 / f
0.8 – 3 kHz
250 / f
5
6.25
3 – 150 kHz
87
5
6.25
0.15 – 1 MHz
87
0.73 / f
1 – 10 MHz
87/ f1/ 2
0.73 / f
0.92 / f
–
10 – 400 MHz
28
0.073
0.092
2
400 – 2000 MHz
1,375 f1/ 2
2– 300 GHz
61
0.037 f
1/ 2
0.16
31 EMV-Fachtagung swissT.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph
0.92 / f
0,0046 f
0.20
1/ 2
–
covered
by
–
IEC/EN
62233:
10 Hz– – 400 kHz
–
f / 200
10
Special requirements: Short range devices
• If you integrate a Short Range Device (SRD), for example WLAN,
Bluetooth, ZigBee, RFID reader etc., an appliance mutates to a
telecommunication product. Therefore it falls under the R&TTE
directive 1999/5/EC and has also to fulfill ETSI standards.
• For the radio spectrum matters of such a SRD, the appropriate ETSI
standards are applied to show conformity of the radiator:
(e.g. ETSI EN 300 220, 300 328, 300 330, 300 440)
• Hints: Use of global recognized ISM frequencies, use of standardized
modules, no change of antenna, bothering suppliers to get certificates
and/or test reports (which covers the radio spectrum matters)
• The immunity of the complete system is tested under consideration of
the appropriate standard ETSI EN 301 489 – x.
32 EMV-Fachtagung swissT.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph
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33 EMV-Fachtagung swissT.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph