A new approach to concentrating solar plant (CSP) by ENEA
ENEA objective
Economic element of solar plant
ENEA technology innovations
Archimede demonstrative solar plant
Final remarks
Presented by
Mauro Vignolini
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Incontro con una mente straordinaria ma dal carattere ruvido
Quando il prof. Carlo Rubbia decise di
affidarmi l’incarico di responsabile del
progetto solare termodinamico, gli dissi che
non avevo alcuna competenza in questo
campo.
La risposta fu: “Non sono importanti le
competenze, ma le persone disposte a
provare soluzioni che gli altri non vogliono
provare”.
Ci ha insegnato la cultura dell’innovazione:
la capacità di anticipare le dinamiche di
mercato e di rispondere in tempi rapidi per
affrontare queste sfide.
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Innovazione e cambiamento
Innovazione
Forti critiche
Prodotti
Processi di
fabbricazione
Innovazione
incrementale
Innovazione
radicale
Organizzativi
Culturali
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Max temperature in the solar plant
T real
T max
C
C
Flat collector
122
-
Parabolic
trough
630
1.230
3D system
2.330
5.330
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Energy comparison
Source: Senza petrolio – Richard Heinberg
1 hectare of Colza can supply 1 car per year
100
100
90
Energy (KWh)
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
1,2
5,5
9
0
Colza
(m^2/year)
Solar (m^2/day)
Oil (lt)
Uranium (kg)
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Potential market
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Solar technology potentiality
High insulations area (300 W/m2)
1 m2
1 km2
1 barrel of
petrol/year
500 kg of CO2
Thermoelectric plant of 50
MWe working for 6.000 h/y
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ENEA objective
To produce electricity by solar plant at high temperature (550 C)
using molten salt.
the advantages are:
Higher solar plant efficiency;
Lower solar electricity cost;
Higher storage efficiency;
Integration by gas combine cycle plant.
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Fund for R & D and Archimede project (law 388/2000)
1 cutting
2 cutting
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Actual research financing
Royalty
by the
patent
Service,
design
Brand
ENEA
by public to private fund
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Electricity cost comparison (c$/KWh)
c$/KWh
Source: Energy Information Administration
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
5,9
6,8
7,1
7,5
14,6
8,1
8,2
9,6
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Levelized Energy Cost (LEC) comparison
18
Equivalent LEC
LEC electricity cost (c$/kWh)
16
Solar plant (*)
14
12
10
Oil barrel cost
124,00 €
8
6
4
40
60
80
100
Barrel oil cost ($/bar)
120
140
(*) Source CESI
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Learning by doing curve
Solar plant
Coal plant
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ENEA technology innovation
Challenge:
Entire network of pipes is
filled with molten salt
Storage
(low volume and cost)
Solar collector design
(easy manufacture and
assembly)
Heat transfer fluid
(low environmental impact)
550 C
Receiving tube
(high efficiency)
290 C
Steam
generator
Power block
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ENEA Roadmap: by labs to industrial demonstration (10 years)
ENEL Archimede 5 MWe
2010
2009
2008
Demo
design
and
construction
Industrial role
Industrial
Demonstration plant
2007
2006
Test facility PCS
Components test
and qualification
2004
2003
Prototype Operation start-up
Prototype Design
Lab R&D
2002
2001
Project Start-up
70 employers
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Government role
2005
Molten salt as process fluid and thermal storage
Molten salt is fertilizer
(60% NaNO3 40% KNO3)
Advantages:
High working temperature (oil 380 °C - molten salt 550 °C)
Atmospheric pressure in the thermal storage
Lower volume and cost for thermal storage
Molten salt at 450 C
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Storage working
salts work as sole
fluid for both heat absorption
and storage allowing a
simplified design of the plant
• Molten
Temperature
550 C
Temperature
290 C
• Compared to traditional plants
a smaller thermal storage
fully compensate for solar
discontinuities
• Standard turbines
parameters are matched by a
higher operating temperature
• Unlike oil, molten salts are an
environmentally friendly,
non-flammable, stable fluid,
with no degradation of the
receiving tube
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Technology innovation: support structure of solar collector
Competitors
ENEA
Patent ENEA
Wing rib
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Reflecting surface and tracking system
DUPLOMATIC
Brevetto
Patent
ENEA
ENEA
Tracking
system
RONDA – REFLEX
Wind load
effect on
collector
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Reflecting panel manufacturing
RONDA-REFLEX factory
Composite material
Back side
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Reflecting panel manufacturing
Composite material and thin
glass
RONDA - REFLEX
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Deviation of reflecting panel by parabolic shape under load
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A new design for receiving tube
ENEA patent
Coating
•
•
Highest temperature (550 C)
and efficiency in the world
coating stable in air
Achimede Solar Energy singed
agreement by Siemens
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ASE: HEMS08 solar receiver tube
1- Optical film coated stainless steel absorber tube;
2-Coated glass sleeve enclosure;
3-Bellows;
4-Glass to metal joint;
5-Internal shield with NEG Strips;
6-Barium getters;
7-Vacuum enclosure.
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Receiver Tube: coating
CERAMIC LAYER
CERMET LAYER
METALLIC LAYER
Total thickness < 0.5 µm
The surface coating deposited on the steel
tube is constituted of a thin film
multilayer structure including an inferior
layer of metal, reflecting in the infrared,
and a superior layer of antireflective
ceramic material. A graded ceramicmetallic material (CERMET) having
different volumetric fraction of metal is
interposed between the two films.
CERMET: ceramic-metal nanocomposite
Fabrication technology : Sputtering
1) absorbance higher than or equal to 95%
2) design emissivity of lower than 10% at 400 C
3) design emissivity of lower than 14% at 580 C
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Receiver tube
Below
Steel tube
with coating
Glass tube
with vacuum
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Receiver tube manufactory
Patent ENEA
Glass tube
Below
POLO
New coating
SAESGETTER
STEROGLASS
Junction
Max
temp. 600 C
Coating stable in air
Solar absorbance
>
=
Thermal emittance at 400 C
at 550 C
95%
~ 10%
< 14%
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Angelantoni industry view
Sputtering machine
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Test facility for components and system qualification
Pump
Up side of the Storage
ENEA Casaccia labs (Rome) - Started-up April 2004
Storage
Investment 5,43 M€
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“Archimede” project
Owner ENEL (electrical utility)
Technology and design ENEA
Power 5 MWe
Placed in Siracusa (Sicily)
Storage 7 hours
Photo reconstruction
ENEL
Archimede will start on 2010
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Archimede project is the integration of solar plant with gas combined plant
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“Archimede” project
DNI
Number of SCA
Solar field area
Thermal output
Field efficiency
Thermal storage
Nominal power
Net electrical output
Solar to electricity
Energy saving
Emission avoid CO2
1936 kWh/ m2 y
54
30600 m2
28,3 GWh/y
48%
100 MWh (8 h)
4,7 MWe
9,2 GWhe/y
15,6%
2030 TEP/y
6300 t/y
Solar field
Gas combined cycle
Combined cycle plant in Priolo
Gargallo (Sicily)
N 2 units by 380 MWe
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Layout of Archimede solar plant
Solar field
Storage
Steam line
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Archimede storage
Cold storage
Hot storage
Steam generator
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Storage system assembly
Inside steel liner of the storage
Air natural cooling
Thermal isulation of the storage
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Archimede view under construction
Archimede is under construction at the moment it is 80 %
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Archimede collector manufactory
Industries involved
RONDA - REFLEX
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Water desalination in Libya (Gengroup, ENEA,Techint)
Solar field
Desalization plant
Power = 5.8 Mwt
24 collector
1200 m3 / day
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Land area required by CSP to supply electricity demand in the year 2004
Source: Clean power from deserts
Power grid
World
17.370 TWh / y
Area 123.000 (350x350) km2
Italy
Energy 314 TWh / y
Area 2.225 (47 x 47) Km2
Sardinia 24.090
Europe
3.672 TWh / y
Area 26.000 (160x160) Km2
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Conclusion
Global challenge asks to transform as fast as possible the research results in commercial product. The
research has the aim to reduce solar plant cost for competing with fossil power plant.
The following stakeholders can speed up or slow down the process:
Government have to give the strategy and funds for the research;
Research centers have to produce continue innovation, they must be more efficiency and flexible;
Energy utilities have to assume a leader role in the cons traction of solar plant;
Manufacturing industries have to invest in infrastructure for reducing component cost;
Finance and bank have to promote new financial instrument for renewable energy;
Mass media have to create a favorable climate of opinion as regards this energy.
Solar energy is available in wide part of the world and can be complementary to other energy.
Sensitiveness on environmental aspect is increasing.
If the “stakeholders” will operate as expected, we could have an opportunity and produce development
and competitiveness.
In the future the industry of the renewable energy will assume an important role.
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