Hybrid CPV-CSP approach
100 % renewables for ASKAP and SKA
Dr. Matthias Vetter
Fraunhofer Institute
for Solar Energy Systems
Workshop - Renewable energy concepts for
SKA and its pathfinders
Berlin, 7th of April 2011
© Fraunhofer ISE
Agenda
„ High fraction of renewable energies in mini-grids
„ Next generation of hybrid PV mini-grids
„ Energy management and communication
„ Hybrid CPV-CSP approach for ASKAP and SKA
„ Discussion points
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Mini-grids: Substitution of Diesel generators with
renewable energies
Example Brazil
„ 21 kWp PV
„ 60 kVA Diesel generator
„ No storage !!!
Æ Only 10 % of annual
electricity consumption can
be covered by PV
World wide:
Annual new installations of
10 GW Diesel generators !!!
Source R. Rüther
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Mini-grids: Substitution of Diesel generators with
renewable energies
Life cycle cost analysis – Example Mexico
„
„
„
99 households, a
rural clinic and a
fish factory
Levelised Energy Cost (LEC) for different Mini-Grid-Systems
0,8
Total LEC [5,5USD/Wp]
Daily
consumption:
2849 kWh
Peak load:
200 kW
Variation of PV
module prices
Total LEC [2USD/Wp]
0,6
0,5
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0,0
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Solar share
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Total LEC [1USD/Wp]
0,7
[$/kWh]
„
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Next generation of hybrid PV mini-grids
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Next generation of hybrid PV mini-grids
„ High efficiency power electronics
„ Hybrid battery system (lead acid and lithium)
with integrated battery management system
„ Energy management system
„ Standardized communication infrastructure
„ Suitable for isolated mini-grids and grid
connected applications
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Next generation of hybrid PV mini-grids
125 kVA – 500 kVA
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Standardized communication concept
„ Superordinate energy
management system
„ Intelligent components
¾ Generators
¾ Battery management
¾ Loads
„ Communication bus
„ Standardized “Universal
Energy Supply Protocol”
Æ Modular, flexible und
expandable
© Fraunhofer ISE
CPV off-grid system for water pumping, desalination and
irrigation in Egypt
„ CPV trackers: 5 x 6 kWp
„ CPV inverter: 5 x 6 kW
„ Island inverters: 3 x 5 kW
„ Flat plate PV with charge
controller as backup: 1 kWp
„ Submersible Pump: 9 – 15 kW
„ Irrigation Pump: 5.5 kW
„ Desalination 1.5 kW
„ Air conditioning 0.5 kW
„ Dump Load 6 kW
„ Battery (48 V) 900 Ah (C10)
„ 8 – 15 m³/h
Photo: INES
© Fraunhofer ISE
Field installation in
Egypt
Photo: INES
© Fraunhofer ISE
UESP – Universal Energy Supply Protocol
Transfer in CAN in Automation (CiA) specification
Æ CiA 454 “energy management systems” as part of the “EnergyBus”
„ Standard protocol for
communication between
components of different
manufacturers
„ Separation of power- and
communication bus (CAN)
„ Centralized energy management
system in combination with
decentralized Intelligence
„ High flexibility through plug&play
function
„ Open protocol as a base for
manufacturer
„ Simply expandable
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EnergyBus e.V.
with CANopen specification Æ CiA 454
„ Starting point of EnergyBus e.V.:
¾ Interoperability of components of
light electric vehicles LEV: Plugs,
communication interface, etc.
¾ Communication: CANopen
specification CiA 454 LEV
¾ Significant similarities with
stationary PV off-grid and also
on-grid (!) applications: batteries,
power electronics, loads, user displays, etc.
„ Now extended for energy management
applications in general
Æ New name of CiA 454: „Energy management systems“
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EnergyBus system
Diesel generator
DC coupled
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EnergyBus system
Diesel generator
AC coupled
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EnergyBus system
Demand side management
e.g. with power line
communication
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Hybrid CPV-CSP power plant – System approach
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16
CPV subsystem: Topology
Option 1
CPV
CPV
=
Lithium
=
=
=
=
~
~
~
© Fraunhofer ISE
17
=
=
~
~
Redox-Flow
Lithium
~
~
CPV subsystem: Topology
Option 2
=
=
=
=
=
=
~
~
=
© Fraunhofer ISE
=
18
=
CPV subsystem: Topology
Option 3
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19
CSP subsystem
Integrated concept of power generation and cooling
„ i.e. 1-stage absorption cooling
Various options:
- Principals
- Integration
- Control
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20
Hybrid CPV-CSP power plant – RFI relevant components
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21
Discussion
„ Hybrid CPV-CSP approach for ASKAP and SKA
¾ 100 % renewables !!!
¾ Integration of other generation technologies ?
¾ Decision on battery systems: Technologies and possible partners
¾ EMC issues
¾ …
„ Time line for ASKAP:
¾ EMC issues for stage 1
¾ Starting point for stage 2
¾ …
„ Project partners for stage 2
„ Financing for a German-Australian collaboration project ?
„ …
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Thanks for your attention!
Contact:
Dr. Matthias Vetter
matthias.vetter@ise.fraunhofer.de
© Fraunhofer ISE