DESIGN CRITERIA
SOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY
1234 MARKET STREET
PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA 19107
SEPTA FRAZER SHOP & YARD EXPANSION
STV INCORPORATED
1818 MARKET STREET, SUITE 1410
PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-3616
NOVEMBER 25, 2015
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SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria
Chapter Table of Contents
CHAPTER TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
General
5
1.1
1.2
1.3
5
5
6
6
6
6
Introduction
Design Codes
Frazer Functional Design Criteria
1.3.1 Design Life
1.3.2 Service Proven
1.3.3 Project Integration
Environmental
7
2.1
2.2
2.3
7
7
7
Introduction
Design Codes
Frazer Design Criteria
Operations
9
3.1
3.2
3.3
9
10
10
10
10
10
11
12
12
13
Introduction
Codes
Frazer Operations Criteria
3.3.1 General Requirements
3.3.2 Temporary Structures
3.3.3 Rail Equipment
3.3.4 Railroad Operations
3.3.5 Construction Plans
3.3.6 Railroad Flagging; De-Energizing the Overhead Contact System
3.3.7 Construction Work Windows (Package 1 Only)
Civil
4.1
4.2
4.3
15
Introduction
Design Codes
Frazer Design Criteria
4.3.1 Roadway Widths
4.3.2 Parking Area
4.3.3 Lighting
4.3.4 Pavement Design
4.3.5 Compaction
4.3.6 Seeding
4.3.7 Drainage, Stormwater Management, and Erosion &
Sediment Control
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Chapter Table of Contents
CHAPTER TABLE OF CONTENTS – Continued
Page
5.0
Track Alignment and Vehicle Clearance
19
5.1
5.2
5.3
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5.4
6.0
Introduction
Codes and Standards
Track Alignment
5.3.1 Design Speed
5.3.2 Horizontal Curvature
5.3.3 Track Centers
5.3.4 Vertical Alignment
5.3.5 Turnout Geometry and Layout
Track Clearances
5.4.1 Overhead Clearances
5.4.2 Side Clearances
5.4.3 Exemptions
Trackwork
23
6.1
6.2
6.3
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24
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25
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25
Introduction
Design Codes
Frazer Design Criteria
6.3.1 Rail
6.3.2 Crossties
6.3.3 Rail Fastening Systems
6.3.4 Ballast and Subballast
6.3.5 Special Trackwork
6.3.6 Grade Crossings
6.3.7 Bumping Posts, Derails and Rail Bonds
6.3.8 Inner Guard Rail
6.3.9 Track Underdrains
7.0
Traffic (Not Used)
27
8.0
Utilities
29
8.1
8.2
8.3
29
29
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30
9.0
Introduction
Design Codes
Frazer Design Criteria
8.3.1 General
8.3.2 Sanitary Sewer
Architectural (Not Used)
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Chapter Table of Contents
CHAPTER TABLE OF CONTENTS – Continued
Page
10.0 Geotechnical
33
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Design Codes
10.3 Frazer Geotechnical Criteria
10.3.1 Geotechnical Investigation
10.3.2 General Foundation Considerations
10.3.3 Retaining Wall
10.3.4 Final Geotechnical Foundation Report
10.3.5 Instrumentation and Monitoring During Construction
11.0 Structural
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34
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35
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37
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Design Codes
11.3 Frazer Design Criteria
11.3.1 Materials
11.3.2 Design Live Loads
11.3.3 Global Stability
11.3.4 Retaining Wall Design Requirements
11.3.5 Limitations
11.3.6 Architectural Treatment
37
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12.0 Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (Not Used)
41
13.0 Plumbing and Fire Protection Systems (Not Used)
43
14.0 Industrial Equipment (Not Used)
45
15.0 Facilities Electrical (Not Used)
47
16.0 Corrosion Control Grounding and Bonding
49
16.1 Introduction
16.1.1 Corrosion Control
16.1.2 Grounding and Bonding
16.2 Design Codes
16.2.1 Corrosion Control
16.2.2 Grounding and Bonding
16.3 Frazer Design Criteria
16.3.1 Corrosion Control
16.3.2 Grounding and Bonding
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Chapter Table of Contents
CHAPTER TABLE OF CONTENTS – Continued
Page
17.0 Traction Power (Not Used)
55
18.0 Overhead Contact System
57
18.1
18.2
18.3
18.4
18.5
18.6
18.7
18.8
18.9
18.10
Introduction
Design Codes and References
Catenary
Loading Requirements
Loading Combinations and Load Factors
Design and Analysis
Materials
Steel Design Details
Foundation Design
Miscellaneous
57
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19.0 Communications (Not Used)
61
20.0 Fire/Life Safety and Security (Not Used)
63
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SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria
1.0
Chapter 1.0 – General
GENERAL
1.1
Introduction
This document specifies the design criteria that shall be adhered to while
preparing calculations, drawings, and specifications that are used to procure and
construct the Frazer Shop & Yard Expansion project. The Frazer Shop & Yard
project design criteria is arranged in a series of chapters that address traditional
rail-transit design disciplines, and each chapter includes the following sections:
•
•
•
Introduction – specifies the scope of design covered by a respective chapter
Codes – list of applicable codes, standards, or other industry recognized bestpractice publications that define minimum design requirements
Frazer Criteria – special design requirements that are unique to the Frazer
Shop & Yard Expansion project.
The provisions specified by this document are intended to establish a minimum
standard of design for the Frazer Shop & Yard Expansion project. Any suggested
changes to the Frazer Shop & Yard design criteria must be approved by
Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA) before being
adopted for design or construction. SEPTA may periodically issue updated
versions of the project design criteria, which will include a detailed revision log.
If justified, SEPTA may accept a specific variance to the Frazer Shop & Yard
design criteria, provided the written variance demonstrates that there is no
degradation of system related performance and safety. In all cases, a variance to
the design criteria must be submitted in writing, and approved by SEPTA before it
is adopted for design and construction.
All Frazer Shop & Yard design work shall conform to the minimum provisions
specified by these criteria, which were developed using a traditional standard of
care. The project design criteria serve as guidelines and are not a substitute for
engineering judgment and sound engineering practice. The Engineer-of-Record is
responsible to notify SEPTA, in writing, of any conflicts or other requirements
that are contrary to best practice. The Engineer-of-Record shall retain
responsibility to comply with all applicable laws and ordinances that govern
design and construction of public works projects.
1.2
Design Codes
All design shall conform to or exceed the requirements of the latest version of the
codes or standards that are identified throughout every Chapter of these criteria.
The codes are presented in order of precedence and in the event of a conflict; the
most restrictive provision shall govern. If a new edition or amendment to a code
or standard is issued before the design is completed, SEPTA shall determine if the
new edition or amendment is to be used.
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SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria
Chapter 1.0 – General
There are code requirements for Chapter 1.0 – General.
1.3
Frazer Functional Design Criteria
1.3.1
Design Life
New components for the Frazer Shop & Yard facility shall be designed,
fabricated and constructed to achieve the following minimum design-life
objectives without major refurbishment or replacement during normal use.
•
•
•
•
1.3.2
fixed facilities: 100 years
trackwork: 30 years
major systems components (shop machinery): 30 years
minor systems components (electrical and signal components): 20
years
Service Proven
The Frazer Shop & Yard Expansion project shall be designed using
service-proven concepts, subsystems, and hardware. All major
subsystems including shop equipment, mechanical systems, electrical
components, trackwork and spare parts shall be supplied by established
manufacturers with a documented operating history of previous and
current usage, and where practical be readily available as an off-the-shelf
item. A waiver to these requirements will be considered if an alternative
subsystem offers substantial technical and cost advantages, is in an
advanced level of development, and is supported by comprehensive test
data compiled from near-revenue conditions.
1.3.3
Project Integration
The Frazer Shop & Yard Expansion project integration requirements are
summarized as follows:
•
•
•
Minimize disruption to existing maintenance operations during design,
construction, testing, and commissioning of the Frazer Shop & Yard
Expansion project
Accommodate concurrent infrastructure improvement projects
Minimize adverse operational, aesthetic and environmental impacts.
These functional system integration requirements shall be periodically
assessed during final design and construction of the Frazer facility.
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SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria
2.0
Chapter 2.0 – Environmental
ENVIRONMENTAL
2.1
Introduction
The environmental design criteria presented herein shall govern the design of the
following project elements:
•
•
•
2.2
Site subsurface environmental characterization
Asbestos-Containing Materials (ACM)
Lead-Containing Materials
Design Codes
Unless specified otherwise herein, the environmental design shall be governed by
the current editions of the following codes or manuals:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
2.3
National Emission Standards for Hazard Air Pollution (NESHAP) (cited as 40
CFR Part 61 Subpart M).
OSHA 29 CFR 1926.62, Lead
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.120, Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency
Response
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) 40 CFR Part 265 Subpart
D, Contingency Plan
Title 25, Part 1, Subpart C Article III, Chapters 123, 133, 137, Pennsylvania
Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP)
Pennsylvania Code, Title 25, Chapter 101 (Hazardous Substances)
Pennsylvania Code, Title 25, Chapter 91.34 (PA Water Quality Program)
PADEP Act 2 of 1995; The Land Recycling and Environmental Remediation
Standards Act
Pennsylvania Asbestos Occupations Accreditation and Certification Act of
1990 (Act 194 and Act 161)
Frazer Design Criteria
There are no supplemental environmental design requirements.
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Chapter 2.0 – Environmental
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SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria
3.0
Chapter 3.0 – Operations
OPERATIONS
3.1
Introduction
SEPTA’s Frazer Shop & Yard is currently used to store and maintain a fleet of ten
JWC3 cab cars, 45 JWCT3 coach cars, seven AEM-7 locomotives and one ALP44. To serve projected ridership demands SEPTA has determined that the fleet
maintained at the Frazer Shop & Yard must be increased by 13 locomotives (with
an option to purchase five additional locomotives for a total of 18), and 36 bilevel cars (with an option to purchase nine additional bi-level cars for a total of
45). To accommodate this increased fleet size, the following improvements will
be made to the existing Frazer Facility:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Construct a new 2,700 foot long retaining wall along the north side of the
shops to accommodate northward expansion of the shop and three new storage
tracks.
Construct three new storage tracks, Tracks 10, 11 and 12.
Extend the existing shop building northward to accommodate a new drop
table. Access to the drop table will be via realigned Track 9 and new Track
10.
Extend the existing shop building westward over Track 9 to accommodate a
dual axle wheel truing machine and shimming lift table for Silver Liner V
trucks.
Extend the existing consist shop eastward to accommodate seven-car consists
(ACS-64 locomotives and seven multi-level rail cars).
Reconfigure the component repair shop.
Construct a large component storage building.
Install a new e-cleaning track with inspection pit and platform.
Construct a new exterior train washer.
Construct a new, two-story transportation and yardmaster’s building.
Construct a new expanded parking lot.
Extend existing storage Tracks 1, 2 and 3 to increase storage capacity.
Extend a new line northward from the facility to connect with the local
sanitary sewer system.
Upgrade, repair or replace the existing, on-site oil-water separator.
Replace the entire roof on the existing shop facility.
Perform associated relocations and provide ancillary features to support
construction of the yard and shop improvements.
Refer to Division 1 of the Specification for a description of the Package 1 work.
Frazer Shop & Yard will remain in operation and provide normal functions during
construction of these improvements. This chapter identifies operational needs and
requirements to be taken into account during design development and
construction of the associated improvements.
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SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria
Chapter 3.0 – Operations
It is recognized that specific construction techniques are contingent on final
design and development of the exact sequence and methods of performing
construction will be the responsibility of the Design-Build Contractor.
3.2
Codes
There following reference applies to Chapter 3.0 – Operations.
•
•
•
3.3
SEPTA Consist Sheets effective June 15, 2015
SEPTA Standard Specification Section 01060, Regulatory Requirements &
Safety
SEPTA Standard Specification Section 01065, Railroad Safety Requirements
Frazer Operations Criteria
3.3.1
General Requirements
All impacts on rail operations including the ability to store, maintain and
repair equipment at Frazer Shop & Yard must be clearly identified during
the initial development of final design. Mitigation measures to address any
impacts to rail operations at Frazer Shop & Yard shall also be identified.
Construction activities affecting surface transportation, including SEPTA
commuter rail service, Amtrak intercity rail service, and automobile traffic
within the yard, must be planned and scheduled in cooperation with
SEPTA and other relevant authorities. As part of final design,
opportunities to coordinate planned train maintenance and train storage
activities with construction activities shall be investigated to minimize
disruption to train operations throughout the yard and shop. Prior to the
start of construction, the Design-Build Contractor shall develop a
construction management plan that is that is implemented in phases, which
corresponds to the construction schedule.
3.3.2
Temporary Structures
Temporary structures for the support and maintenance of surface traffic
adjacent to the construction site will be designed and constructed in
accordance with prevailing codes, standards and regulations. Design of
temporary structures shall be performed and certified by an Engineer licensed
in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Temporary structures are subject to
review and concurrence by SEPTA and local authorities having jurisdiction.
3.3.3
Rail Equipment
The following lists the types of equipment stored at Frazer Shop & Yard,
the rail equipment lengths, and the train consists (i.e., number of cars per
train):
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SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria
Chapter 3.0 – Operations
Approximate Rail Equipment Lengths:
• AEM-7 locomotive: 51 feet
• ALP-44 locomotive: 51 feet
• New ACS-64 locomotive: 67 feet
• JWC single level coach: 85 feet
• Silverliner IV EMU: 85 feet
• Silverliner V EMU: 85 feet
• New multi-level coach: 85 feet
Consist Lengths:
• AEM-7 and ALP-44 locomotive: 51 feet + (5 coaches)(85 feet) = 476 feet
• ACS-64 locomotive: 67 feet + (7 coaches)(85 feet) = 662 feet
• EMU (3 married pairs): (6 coaches)(85 feet) = 510 feet
3.3.4
Railroad Operations
The Frazer Shop & Yard is operated 24 hours per day, 7 days per week.
Trains are typically stored on yard Tracks 1 through 5 along the south side
of the property. The movement of trains in and out of yard is nearly
constant throughout the day.
Train movements occur either when a train is leaving the storage facility
and traveling to the starting point of its revenue service route, or entering
the storage facility to be stored while out of operation. According to the
SEPTA Consist Sheets effective June 15, 2015, from Monday through
Friday there are 46 train movements entering and leaving the yard storage
tracks starting at 4:20 AM when the first train enters revenue service until
the next day at 2:22 AM when the last train exits service. In general, there
are two to three train movements per hour. The highest number of train
movements occurs between 6:00 PM and 7:00 PM, when there are six
train movements.
On the weekends, the level of service is less than weekdays, and this is
reflected in lower numbers of train movements into and out of the yard
storage tracks.
On Saturdays, there are 36 train movements into and out of the yard
storage tracks over a 24-hour period. The number of train movements per
hour fluctuates throughout the day between 1 to 3 train movements.
On Sundays, there are there are 33 train movements into and out of the
yard storage tracks over a 24-hour period. Generally, there two train
movements per hour between 8:00 AM to 11:00 PM.
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Chapter 3.0 – Operations
The above paragraphs are snapshots of a typical day, but there may be
occasions where the number of train movements in Frazer Shop & Yard
increase dramatically depending on SEPTA service needs.
To the maximum extent possible, the design and sequencing of
construction activities shall allow for uninterrupted railroad operations.
During construction, interruption of, and interference with rail yard and
shop operations must be avoided unless otherwise approved by SEPTA.
Work that has the potential to impact railroad operations will be limited to
the construction work windows defined in Section 3.3.7 – Construction
Work Windows and must be approved by SEPTA.
3.3.5
Construction Plans
Work shift details, construction sequencing, methodologies, and other
aspects of the construction process are likely to vary according to the
specific element of the Frazer Shop & Yard Expansion being constructed.
In order to ensure the continuous and safe operation of the yard and shop
during construction, and to protect existing infrastructure and rail cars,
plans for construction activities that potentially affect railroad operations
shall be submitted for review and approval by SEPTA.
The Contractor may use the new expanded parking lot as a construction
lay-down or storage area.
3.3.6
Railroad Flagging; De-Energizing the Overhead Contact System
Rail-related construction activities must be performed in close
coordination with the operating railroads. Flagging protection, which will
be provided by the operating railroad of a given section of track, must be
scheduled an absolute minimum of 14 calendar days in advance. Longer
advance notice is suggested. Other, non-rail-related construction activities
must be coordinated with appropriate relevant authorities, agencies, utility
companies, or private entities. As final design is advanced, construction
period assessments shall be performed including evaluation of potential
construction access locations and lay-down areas in the project area.
Contractor employees are required to complete SEPTA Roadway
Protection Training before working within 10 feet of the field side of the
near running rail of any railroad track or working within 10 feet of the
overhead contact system (OCS).
The term “fouling” is defined as the placement of an individual or item of
equipment in such proximity to a track that the individual or item could be
struck by a moving train or on-track equipment, or in any case within four
feet of the field side of the near running rail.
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Chapter 3.0 – Operations
All work beyond the active yard tracks may be completed during regular
working hours as long as the work does not foul or have the potential to
foul active tracks or disrupt vehicle maintenance activities.
Work that has the potential to foul active tracks will be limited to the
construction work windows defined in Section 3.3.7, and must be
approved by SEPTA. Work within the active track will require SEPTA
flagging protection. (See SEPTA Standard Specification Section 01060,
Regulatory Requirements & Safety and SEPTA Standard Specification
Section 01065, Railroad Safety Requirements)
Work activities associated with constructing new OCS structures,
modifying existing OCS structures, installing new catenary, etc., will
require de-energizing the existing OCS so that the planned work can be
safely completed. SEPTA requires that de-energizing be scheduled an
absolute minimum of 14 calendar days in advance. Greater advance
notice is suggested. Only designated SEPTA personnel are authorized to
de-energize the OCS.
3.3.7
Construction Work Windows (Package 1 Only)
In order to limit impacts to Frazer Shop & Yard operations, the following
work windows will be established to facilitate construction activities:
Package 1 Construction Activity
Subsurface utility relocation in advance of
major construction
Construction of large component storage
building
Grading for the relocated employee
parking lot
Construct retaining wall including haul
trucks
Construct three new storage Tracks 10, 11
and 12.
Modifications of stormwater basin
Install the new west end turnout in existing
track. This turnout leads to new storage
Tracks 10, 11 and 12.
Tracks 10 – 12: Install new catenary and
modify existing catenary at the new west
turnout (Track 1); modify existing catenary
structures along Track 9 (to support new
cross catenary over Tracks 10 – 12).
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Work Window
From 7:00 AM to 7:00 PM, for 12 hours
per day/7 days per week
From 7:00 AM to 7:00/PM, for 12 hours
per day/7 days per week
From 7:00 AM to 7:00PM, for 12 hours per
day/7 days per week
From 7:00 AM to 7:00PM, for 12 hours per
day/7 days per week
From 7:00 AM to 7:00PM, for 12 hours per
day/7 days per week
No restrictions
From 7:00 AM to 7:00 PM, 12 hours per
day, 7 days per week.
From 7:00 AM to 7:00 PM, 12 hours per
day, 7 days per week.
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SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria
Chapter 3.0 – Operations
During these time periods, and in conformance to the operating provisions
specified herein, the Contractor will have unencumbered access to the
immediate construction zone associated with these elements of work.
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SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria
4.0
Chapter 4.0 – Civil
CIVIL
4.1
Introduction
The civil design criteria presented in Section 4.2 pertain to the design of the
following project elements:
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•
•
•
•
•
4.2
Roadways
Site Drainage
Stormwater Management Basins
Signing and Pavement Markings
Erosion & Sedimentation Control During Construction
Site Lighting
Design Codes
Unless specified otherwise, the site design shall be in accordance with the current
editions of the following codes, manuals, or specifications:
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•
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•
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•
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•
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•
A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, American
Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 2011
Edition.
Roadside Design Guide, AASHTO, 2011 Edition.
Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, Federal Highway
Administration, 2009 Edition.
Pennsylvania Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual, PA
Department of Environmental Protection, 2006 Edition.
Erosion and Sediment Pollution Control Program Manual, PA Department of
Environmental Protection, 2012 Edition.
Urban Drainage Design Manual, Federal Highway Administration, Third
Edition.
LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, AASHTO, 7th Edition.
Manual for Railway Engineering, American Railway Engineering and
Maintenance of Way Association (AREMA).
Publication 408, Specifications, Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design, Department of Justice.
National Electric Cord (NEC), National Fire Protection Association (NFPA),
No. 70.
Life Safety Code (NFPA) No. 101.
National Electrical Safety Code (NESC).
Standard Practice for the Illumination of SEPTA’s Transit Facilities,
PRAC00002.
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SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria
4.3
Chapter 4.0 – Civil
Frazer Design Criteria
4.3.1
Roadway Widths
Provide a minimum paved access road width of twenty-four feet. The
minimum width may be reduced to twelve feet in the vicinity of the ECleaning Platform.
4.3.2
Parking Area
Provide a minimum of 100 parking spaces in the parking area. Provide
accessible spaces as required by the ADA Standards for Accessible
Design. Provide accessible pedestrian paths.
4.3.3
Lighting
The lighting system shall provide sufficient illumination to provide safety
from hazards. Illuminance shall be sufficient for the surveillance system
employed. Provide an average illumination of 22 lux (2 foot-candles) for
the parking area and entrance roadway. Graduate the entrance roadway
lighting to meet the level of lighting on Sproul Road. Provide an average
illumination of 50 lux (5 foot-candles) for the remainder of the developed
yard area. Illumination in a given area may not vary from minimum to
maximum by more than 1:4. Use a maintenance factor of 0.8 for all
calculations unless otherwise supported by documentation from the
luminaire’s manufacturer.
Lighting designs shall minimize glare and light pollution. Utilize
directional lighting and shielding to reduce light pollution. Shield lighting
from train engineers.
4.3.4
Pavement Design
Perform a pavement design analysis to determine the appropriate
pavement section for the access road and parking lot. The minimum
pavement section shall consist of:
2” Bituminous Wearing Course
5” Bituminous Base Course
6” Subbase No. 2A, modified
Provide SEPTA with the design for the wearing course. The 2”
Bituminous Wearing Course is to be included in the pavement design but
is not to be constructed as part of the Package 1 contract. Construct the
Subbase No. 2A, modified and Bitumimous Base Course.
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SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria
Chapter 4.0 – Civil
Pavement shall be designed for positive drainage.
4.3.5
Compaction
Place embankment material in layers of not more than a loose 8-inch
depth. Compact embankments to not less than 97% of the required dry
weight density. Compact the top 3 feet of embankment to 100% of the
required dry weight density. In-place density will be determined
according to AASHTO T 191 or AASHTO T 310. Maintain material to
within 3% of optimum and the optimum moisture content at the time of
compaction. If material is too coarse to satisfactorily use these methods,
compaction will be determined based on the nonmovement of the material
under compaction equipment. Compact until embankment does not rut
under a loaded triaxle (GVW 75,000 pounds).
Compact subgrade to 100% of the determined dry-weight density.
4.3.6
Seeding
Use a low mow seed mixture on all disturbed areas that are to be seeded.
4.3.7
Drainage, Stormwater Management, and Erosion & Sediment Control
Design inlets, manholes, and pipes to accommodate the 10-year storm.
Design stormwater basins and drainage features conveying discharges
from the basins to accommodate the 100-year storm.
The drainage system and stormwater management facilities shall
accommodate the entire Frazer Yard expansion. Coordinate with SEPTA
to obtain information pertaining to future aspects of the expansion not
included in this contract.
Acquire an NPDES permit to cover the entire Frazer Yard expansion
project. Coordinate with SEPTA to obtain information pertaining to future
aspects of the expansion not included in this contract.
The project is located within the watershed of Valley Creek, which is
designated as an Exceptional Value (EV) stream. All erosion & sediment
control measures shall be in accordance with PA DEP requirements for EV
watersheds.
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Chapter 4.0 – Civil
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SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria
5.0
Chapter 5.0 – Track Alignment
and Vehicle Clearances
TRACK ALIGNMENT AND VEHICLE CLEARANCES
5.1
Introduction
Design criteria for track alignment and vehicle clearances addresses key
geometric and clearance requirements that shall govern design.
5.2
Codes and Standards
Where not specifically addressed by the criteria provided herein, track alignment
and vehicle clearance shall be in conformance with current industry standards and
in general conformance with the codes and standards listed below.
The latest edition of the following standards and codes shall govern in the design
of all track alignment and clearances, in the following order:
•
•
•
•
•
Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission (PPUC) Title 52 33.121-33.127
SEPTA Railroad Division SWM-100 Track Department Manual
SEPTA Regional Railroad Division Standard Drawings 2-W-24864
(Minimum Roadway Clearance) and 5-W-29874 (Standard Turnout Data)
AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering
AREMA Portfolio of Trackwork Plans
At no time may the track design fail to meet minimum applicable PPUC
requirements or FRA standards for Class 5 track or higher, as required in 49 CFR
213, except as otherwise noted herein.
5.3
Track Alignment
5.3.1
Design Speed
Yard trackwork shall be designed to support a maximum operational speed
of 15 MPH.
5.3.2
Horizontal Curvature
Horizontal track alignment shall generally be in accordance with Part 5,
Chapter 3 of the AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering, as amended
herein. Track alignment is defined as a continuous series of tangents and
circular curves, some of which shall be connected with transition spirals
where applicable. Curve radius shall generally be established by using the
largest radius curve that fits within space available. In and around yards,
geometric constraints will limit radius on most curves. Desired maximum
curvature shall be 10°. Absolute maximum curvature shall be 12°-30’.
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Chapter 5.0 – Track Alignment
and Vehicle Clearances
Curves shall be superelevated to 1/2 inch and the elevation run-off on the
adjacent tangent where practical. The design profile, run-off, cross level
and warp shall at all times be in conformance with minimum FRA
standards for Class 5 track or higher, as required in 49 CFR 213, where
geometrically feasible,
Track layout and geometry shown on the Contract Drawings should be
considered final and shall not be modified without prior approval by
SEPTA.
A minimum desired tangent length of 60 feet shall be provided between
successive curves regardless of direction of the curves. This criteria also
applies to curves inherent in turnouts. Due to geometric constraints, less
tangent length (including no tangent length) may be provided at locations
that do not result in reversing curvature.
5.3.3
Track Centers
Yard tracks shall be spaced at minimum 14’-0” centers.
Storage tracks shall be spaced such that a minimum 8’-0” clear width is
provided between adjacent tracks, allowing for the widest rail vehicle
equipment on the tracks and adjusting for effects of horizontal curvature.
A minimum of 18’-0” centers shall be provided for all ladder tracks
constructed adjacent to any other track, or 19’-0” centers to another
adjacent ladder track.
5.3.4
Vertical Alignment
Vertical track alignment shall generally be in accordance with SEPTA
SMW-100, Section 63.0, Grades, as amended herein.
Vertical track alignment design is defined by top of low rail profile for a
given track.
Minimum vertical curve length of 100 feet shall be maintained.
Criteria for maximum grades shall be as follows:
Track Designation
Lead Tracks
Yard Storage Tracks*
Shop Tracks
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Desired
Maximum
1.0%
0.2%
0%
Absolute
Maximum
2.0% **
0.5% **
0%
Rev. 00 - Final
SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria
Chapter 5.0 – Track Alignment
and Vehicle Clearances
*
Storage tracks should be designed with a sag near the middle, such that
would discourage unattended rail vehicles from accidentally rolling
outside of the designated storage limits.
** Proposed grades in excess of the values show must be approved in
advance by the SEPTA Chief Engineering Officer, Track, or designee.
5.3.5
Turnout Geometry and Layout
Turnout geometry, switch length, frog length and rail joint location shall
conform to SEPTA Standard Drawing 5-W-29874 (Standard Turnout
Data). Note that SEPTA turnout layouts are different from AREMA.
5.4
Track Clearances
Track Clearances shall be in accordance with the following and conform to the
legal minimum requirements as provided by the Pennsylvania Public Utility
Commission (PPUC) except in design of shop facilities and servicing platforms
where such compliance is not reasonably practicable.
5.4.1
Overhead Clearances
Refer to SEPTA Standard Drawing 2-W-24864 (Minimum Roadway
Clearance) for minimum allowable overhead clearances to the overhead
catenary system and permanent structures.
5.4.2
Side Clearances
Refer to SEPTA Standard Drawing 2-W-24864 (Minimum Roadway
Clearance) for side clearance requirements. In addition, permanent
structures adjacent to curved track, and within 85 feet of the beginning and
ending of curve, shall have additional minimum side clearance
compensating for curvature at the rate of 1 additional inch per degree of
curvature.
5.4.3
Exemptions
Clearances shall be designed to accommodate PPUC regulations. PPUC
may grant an exemption from the requirements if the carrier (SEPTA)
deems the exemption as necessary and applies to PPUC for an exemption.
The designer (final design) shall meet with SEPTA and identify the
substandard clearances and reason for requesting the exemption. SEPTA
will review the request for exemption and prepare an application for
exemption from PPUC if the proposed reduction in clearance seems
reasonable.
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Chapter 5.0 – Track Alignment
and Vehicle Clearances
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SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria
6.0
Chapter 6.0 – Trackwork
TRACKWORK
6.1
Introduction
Design criteria for trackwork addresses key geometric and track component
design elements for the Frazer Shop & Yard Expansion project which includes
storage tracks, repair shop tracks, service pit tracks, and an exterior car wash
track.
6.2
Design Codes
Where not specifically addressed by the criteria provided herein, track design
shall be in conformance with current industry standards and in general
conformance with the codes and standards listed below.
The latest edition of the following standards and codes shall govern in the design
of all trackwork in the following order:
•
•
•
•
SEPTA Railroad Division SWM-100 Track Department Manual
SEPTA Regional Railroad Division Standard Drawing 5-W-29874 (Standard
Turnout Data)
AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering
AREMA Portfolio of Trackwork Plans
Furthermore, track design shall at all times be in conformance with minimum
FRA standards for Class 5 track or higher, as required in 49 CFR 213, Track
Safety Standards, and Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission (PPUC) Title 52
33.121-33.127. All track design must meet minimum applicable PPUC
requirements or FRA standards required for operation in that class.
6.3
Frazer Design Criteria
The Frazer Shop & Yard Project will use the following track types:
•
•
•
Ballasted Yard Track (Packages 1, 2A and 2B)
Embedded Shop Track (Package 2A)
Pedestal Shop Track (Packages 2A and 2B)
Track shall be designed in accordance with the above referenced codes and
standards, and the following.
6.3.1
Rail
Rail shall be 115 RE rail section. All rail shall be new and continuous
welded rail (CWR) except at turnouts and insulated joint locations.
Turnouts shall use premium 115 RE rail.
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6.3.2
Chapter 6.0 – Trackwork
Crossties
Ballasted track shall use timber crossties spaced nominally at 21-1/4 inch
centers and provide a minimum of 22 crossties per 39 ft. length of rail.
A minimum of six 10’ long transition ties shall be used at transitions
between ballasted track and direct fixation or embedded track.
6.3.3
Rail Fastening Systems
The resilient Pandrol e-clip system, consisting of e-clips and plates with
steel shoulders spiked to timber crossties with standard cut spikes shall be
used for all ballasted track applications.
Pedestal track shall use the L.B. Foster rail clamp system, and be non-insulated.
Embedded track shall use the Iron Horse embedded track with rubber boot
system for rail to earth isolation.
6.3.4
Ballast and Subballast
Ballast, subballast and walkway aggregate shall be as indicated in plans
and specifications.
A minimum of 12 inches of AREMA No. 3-4 ballast shall be provided,
measured below bottom of tie. Ballast shoulders shall be 12 inches,
minimum. Standard ballast section shall consist of 2H:1V side slopes down
to subballast in open fill sections. A minimum 8 inches of subballast, sloped
at 1/4 inch per foot to provide for positive drainage of the track structure,
shall be used. Subballast shall be PennDOT modified 2A aggregate.
Walkway aggregate shall be No. 5 ballast per AREMA, and provided
along all potential walking surfaces as shown on the Contact Drawings.
6.3.5
Special Trackwork
Turnouts shall be No. 8, designed in general conformance with AREMA
Portfolio of Trackwork Plans and specifically in accordance with the
SEPTA Standard Turnout Data drawing and the geometric and other
requirements as shown on the Contract Documents. Premium rail shall be
used for all trackwork components. Frogs shall be rail bound manganese
type in accordance with AREMA. Switch timbers shall be 7-inch grade
with lengths in accordance with AREMA Manual for Railway
Engineering. Turnouts shall be of all welded design with the exception of
the frog joints, heel blocks and stock rail joints, which shall be bolted.
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Chapter 6.0 – Trackwork
Switch stands shall be Model 22 semi-automatic switch stands with
ergonomic handles.
6.3.6
Grade Crossings
Yard roadways and pathways shall be composed of paved track at
locations indicated in the drawings. Track located in pavement shall be
full-depth asphalt concrete pavement crossing surfaces, with formed
flangeways, installed on tie and ballast track. Fabric or other acceptable
material shall be used to separate the pavement from the ballast materials.
6.3.7
Bumping Posts, Derails and Rail Bonds
Bumping post: WCH WG-1200 modified to strike at anti-climber height,
47” above top of rail.
A bumping post shall be installed at the end of each new stub-end storage
track. The bumping post installed on Track 10 during Package 1 shall be
removed and re-located to the end of the extended Track 10 during Package 2A
Derails: Hinged, block type derails shall be installed at the converging
end of each new storage track. The specific location of each derail will be
provided by SEPTA. The block derails are used to facilitate SEPTA blueflag protection on storage tracks.
Rail Bonds: Rail bonds shall be installed at all rail joints on the new
storage tracks. SEPTA to provide the rail bond detail.
6.3.8
Inner Guard Rail
An inner guard rail utilizing second-hand rail furnished by the Contractor
and approved by SEPTA shall be installed on Track 12 for the length of
the retaining wall. SEPTA will provide the guard rail installation detail.
6.3.9
Track Underdrains
Where runoff to open ditches is not feasible due to geometric constraints, all
trackbeds (top of subballast) shall be sloped to direct runoff into track
underdrains to provide positive drainage away from the tracks. Underdrains
shall be sloped longitudinally to convey storm water to open ditch outlets or
into the site storm drainage system.
Cleanouts shall be located at all upper ends of all underdrains and at
intervals of no greater than 300’ along the length of the underdrain.
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Chapter 6.0 – Trackwork
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7.0
Chapter 7.0 – Traffic
TRAFFIC (Not Used)
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Chapter 7.0 – Traffic
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SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria
8.0
Chapter 8.0 – Utilities
UTILITIES
8.1
Introduction
This chapter of the design criteria governs the following project elements:
•
•
•
8.2
Existing utilities
Utility relocations
Sanitary sewer design
Design Codes
Unless specified otherwise herein, the current editions of the following codes,
manuals and specifications shall be used for design of relocated or new utility
installations:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
8.3
Manual for Railway Engineering, American Railway Engineering and
Maintenance of Way Association (AREMA) Volume 1, Chapter 5
PennDOT PUB 408 Construction Specifications
PADEP- Domestic Wastewater Facility Manual
East Whiteland Township Standard Specifications for Construction of Sanitary
Sewers and Appurtenances
Local Soil Conservation District regulations and Details
AWWA A746, C111, C150, C151, ANSI A21.50 and A21.21
OSHA Health and Safety Regulations
OSHA 1926.960 Subpart V—Electric Power Transmission and Distribution
Pennsylvania Act 287 of 1974 - A One Call for utility markouts.
International Building Code, Latest Addition
International Plumbing Code, Latest Addition
National Electrical Code, Latest Addition
Frazer Design Criteria
8.3.1
General
Verify the location of all work area utilities including overhead lines, prior
to construction.
Temporary bracing shall be designed in conformance to the applicable
design codes.
All items, including gas, water, miscellaneous valve boxes, inlet grates,
manhole rims and junction boxes that are constructed within sidewalk and
roadway areas shall be reset so that they are flush with proposed finished
grade.
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SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria
8.3.2
Chapter 8.0 – Utilities
Sanitary Sewer
The sanitary sewer shall be designed as an 8-inch Ductile Iron Pipe (DIP)
with a 1.00% grade. The pipe shall be factory supplied with an interior
and exterior epoxy coating in accordance with the East Whiteland
Township’s specifications, Section 5 - Gravity Sewers.
The sewer facility is to be fully tested in accordance to East Whiteland
Township specification, Section 7.3 - Tests.
The joints shall be fully bonded and designed in accordance with the
project specifications for bonding and grounding.
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9.0
Chapter 9.0 – Architectural
ARCHITECTURAL (Not Used)
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Chapter 9.0 – Architectural
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SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria
10.0
Chapter 10.0 – Geotechnical
GEOTECHNICAL
10.1
Introduction
The geotechnical design criteria presented herein shall govern the design of the
following project elements:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
10.2
Site subsurface characterization
Geotechnical soil and rock design parameters
Seismic design parameters
Shallow foundations (bearing capacity, settlement, stability)
Deep foundations
Earth retaining structures (vertical loads, lateral pressures, stability,
foundations)
Site Earthwork (embankments, slopes, subgrade preparation, compaction)
Design Codes
Unless specified otherwise herein, the geotechnical design shall be governed by
the current editions of the following codes, manuals or specifications:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
10.3
Manual for Railway Engineering, American Railway Engineering and
Maintenance of Way Association (AREMA)
ASCE/SEI 7 minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures
AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications as amended by PennDOT
Design Manual Part 4, Volume 1, Publication 15M
Subsurface Investigations – Geotechnical Site Characterization, FHWA NHI01-031, May 2002
Geotechnical Engineering Circular No. 6 – Shallow Foundations, FHWA-SA02-054, September 2002
Design and Construction of Driven Pile Foundations, FHWA-NHI-05-042 &
043, April 2006
Earth Retaining Structures, FHWA-NHI-07-071, June 2008
Frazer Geotechnical Criteria
10.3.1 Geotechnical Investigation
Previously obtained borings as shown on the preliminary plans and in the
reference documents may be used for design. The Contractor shall perform
additional subsurface investigation to support the design at no additional
cost to SEPTA.
The Contractor will be required to review the results of the preliminary
borings and laboratory testing and verify that they are in agreement with
the information presented. The Contractor must determine if additional
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Chapter 10.0 – Geotechnical
subsurface information or testing is required to substantiate their design
based on the selected foundation types.
Perform additional geotechnical exploration for the design under the
supervision of a Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT)
approved drilling inspector as described herein and according to the
applicable sections of the current AREMA Chapter 8, Part 22
(Geotechnical Subsurface Investigation) and Pennsylvania Department of
Transportation Publication 222.
A preliminary laboratory testing program has been completed and the
results provided in the reference documents. The Contractor may use the
testing for their design provided the testing is appropriate. Additional
laboratory testing is to be conducted if deemed necessary to support
design.
10.3.2 General Foundation Considerations
The existing yard and shop facility is to remain in service during
earthwork and foundation construction. The proposed construction
methods are required to minimize vibrations during construction to reduce
impacts to the existing shop facility.
Foundation depths must consider the final site grading and frost
penetration.
Temporary excavation support for construction is the responsibility of the
Contractor and shall be designed by a Professional Engineer licensed in
the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
Spread footing foundations are to be designed in accordance with AREMA
Chapter 8, Part 3.
The safety factor for Primary Loads shall not be less than 3; for Primary +
Secondary Loads the safety factor shall not be less than 2. Additional
consideration shall be taken of load duration in relation to foundation soil
type and groundwater conditions when selecting a safety factor.
In cases where a footing is subjected to moments in addition to vertical
loads, the line of action of the resultant force shall have a maximum
eccentricity from the centerline of the footing equal to B/6, where B is
defined as the width of the footing in the corresponding direction of
applied moment.
Pile foundations are to be designed in accordance with AREMA Chapter 8,
Part 4.
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Chapter 10.0 – Geotechnical
10.3.3 Retaining Wall
Retaining Walls shall be designed using the LRFD method in conformance
with the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications as supplemented
by the PennDOT Design Manual 4.
AREMA Cooper E-80 live load shall be applied parallel to the full length
of the retaining wall with the centerline of track located 8 feet from the
front face of the wall.
AASHTO HS 20-44 Truck live load shall be applied parallel to the full
length of the retaining wall with the centerline of truck located 3 feet from
the front face of the wall.
Where building foundations will bear on the retaining wall, the design
shall account for the foundation loads and tolerable deformations specified
by Chapter 11 – Structural Design Criteria.
10.3.4 Final Geotechnical Foundation Report
For portions of the project completed under the Design-Build delivery
method, prepare and submit a Final Geotechnical Foundation Report
identifying the design procedure utilized for the selected permanent
foundation type, final calculations for the foundation design, required
specifications and details for the final foundation construction, foundation
plans, and drafted core borings. Specifications which indicate the
proposed method of installation of the recommended foundations shall be
included in the Final Geotechnical Foundation Report and must include
procedures for ensuring quality control during construction. The
Contractor will be responsible for submitting qualifications which
demonstrate their capability to perform the work being recommended.
10.3.5 Instrumentation and Monitoring During Construction
The Contractor shall be responsible for assessing the physical conditions
of the existing structures, tracks, and other facilities within a 100 foot
radius of influence of the Work and the development of the monitoring
plan including a quantity of deformation monitoring points. Installations
shall be complete for any site conditions requiring the design of temporary
measures as required for supporting construction activities. The Contractor
shall implement required remedial and precautionary measures based on
the results of the deformation monitoring.
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Chapter 10.0 – Geotechnical
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SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria
11.0
Chapter 11.0 – Structural
STRUCTURAL
11.1
Introduction
This chapter of structural design criteria governs the following project elements:
•
•
11.2
Design Codes
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
11.3
Temporary shoring
Retaining walls
American Railway Engineering and Maintenance of Way Association
(AREMA)
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
(AASHTO)
o LRFD Bridge Design Specifications 7th Ed, 2014
American Concrete Institute (ACI)
o ACI 301-05: “Specifications for Structural Concrete.”
o ACI 318-08/ACI 318R-08: “Building Code Requirements for Structural
Concrete & Commentary.”
Precast and Prestressed Concrete (PCI) Design Handbook
ACI 530-08: “Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures &
Commentary.”
ACI 530.1-08: “Specification for Masonry Structures & Commentary.”
Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute (CRSI)
Manual of Standard Practice for Reinforced Concrete Construction
American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)
o AISC Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges, 2005.
American Welding Society (AWS)
o AWS D1.1-04: “Structural Welding Code – Steel.”
o AWS D1.3-98: “Structural Welding Code – Sheet Steel.”
o AWS D1.4-98: “Structural Welding Code – Reinforcing Steel.”
ASCE/SEI 7 minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures
FHWA Publications RD-75-128, 129, & 130 – Lateral Support Systems and
Underpinning, Vols. 1, 2, & 3
International Building Code (IBC)-2009 Chapter 17 Structural Test and
Special Inspections
Frazer Design Criteria
11.3.1 Materials
The Frazer Yard & Shop Expansion project shall be designed and
constructed using materials with the following minimum property
requirements:
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Chapter 11.0 – Structural
Concrete 28-day Compressive Strength:
• Foundations, normal weight concrete, air entrained f’c = 4,000 psi
• Slab-on-grade, normal weight, non-air entrained
f’c = 4,000 psi
• Precast Concrete Wall Panels
f’c = 5,000 psi
• Leveling pads
f’c = 4,000 psi
• Copings
f’c = 4,000 psi
Reinforcing Steel:
•
•
•
Bar reinforcing
Welded Rebar, Threaded Rebar
Welded wire reinforcement (WWR)
ASTM A 615, Grade 60
ASTM A 706, Grade 60
ASTM A 1064, flat mesh
Welding:
•
•
Welding electrodes:
Anchor rods:
AWS A5.1 (E70XX)
ASTM F 1554, Grade 50
Masonry:
•
•
•
Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU)
f’m = 2000 psi load bearing
Grout
Mortar
ASTM C90 Grade N-1
ASTM C476 – 3000 psi
ASTM C270 – Type M or S
11.3.2 Design Live Loads
AREMA Cooper E-80 Loading applied along the full length of Retaining
Wall with the centerline of track located eight feet from the inside face of
the retaining wall.
Equipment and Adjacent Buildings: Applicable areas adjacent to retaining
walls where tooling, mechanical equipment, or building foundations are to
be permanently located. Considerations for the weights, dynamic loads of
mechanical and electrical equipment along with any vertical and
horizontal surcharge loads from adjacent building foundations shall also
be considered.
Construction Equipment: consideration shall be given to live loads that
will be used during the construction of the wall and other area that may
produce loading to the wall while it is under construction. This may
include cranes, heavily loaded construction vehicles or material stockpiles.
The designer shall coordinate these requirements and convey the live load
limits allowed for construction to the owner.
11.3.3 Global Stability
The stability analysis must consider the overall global stability of the wall,
bearing capacity analysis of the foundation soils, and settlement analysis
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Chapter 11.0 – Structural
of the proposed structure. The soil parameters to be used in the design of
the wall shall be established by the Contractor’s Engineer of Record.
11.3.4 Retaining Wall Design Requirements
Provide backfill for walls consisting of AASHTO No. 8 coarse aggregate
in areas that require free draining material in conjunction with drains.
Provide drainage details such as those shown on the drawings including
but not limited to 4”ø weepholes or 6”ø perforated pipe underdrain and/or
#57 drainage blankets based upon the field conditions.
The base of a retaining wall supported on soil shall be located below the
frost line, and in no case at a depth less than 3 feet below the surface of the
ground in front of the toe.
The resultant force on the base of a wall shall fall within the middle third
of the structure footing.
The factor of safety against sliding at the base of the structure shall be at
least 1.5. In computing the resistance against sliding, the passive earth
pressure of the soil in contact with the face of the wall shall be neglected.
The factor of safety against overturning 2.0.
11.3.5 Limitations
The use of any soil stabilizing elements, strips, grid, or mesh systems is
strictly prohibited.
The use of timber in the final wall or wall facing panel(s) that hold the soil
in position is strictly prohibited.
Settlement and angular distortion will be limited to a total settlement not
to exceed one (1) inch. Differential settlements between to load bearing
elements within the zone of influence between the face of the wall shall
not exceed one half (1/2) inch. The settlement and angular distortions
limitations are based on any load bearing element applying maximum
allowable bearing capacity to the fill behind the wall.
11.3.6 Architectural Treatment
The entire exposed face of the retaining wall shall have an architectural
finish that is to be pre-approved by SEPTA.
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Chapter 11.0 – Structural
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12.0
Chapter 12.0 – Heating, Ventilation
and Air Conditioning
HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING (Not Used)
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Chapter 12.0 – Heating, Ventilation
and Air Conditioning
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13.0
Chapter 13.0 – Plumbing and Fire
Protection Systems
PLUMBING AND FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS (Not Used)
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Chapter 13.0 – Plumbing and Fire
Protection Systems
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14.0
Chapter 14.0 – Industrial Equipment
INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT (Not Used)
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Chapter 14.0 – Industrial Equipment
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15.0
Chapter 15.0 – Facilities Electrical
FACILITIES ELECTRICAL (Not Used)
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Chapter 15.0 – Facilities Electrical
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SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria
16.0
Chapter 16.0 – Corrosion Control
Grounding and Bonding
CORROSION CONTROL GROUNDING AND BONDING
16.1
Introduction
16.1.1 Corrosion Control
This section describes the design criteria necessary to provide corrosion
control measures which encompass all disciplines associated with
SEPTA’s transit projects. The design of the systems and subsystems must
prevent premature corrosion failures on transit fixed facilities and other
structures or installations. Systems shall be designed to control corrosion
caused by contact with corrosive environments, soils, and water, and
effects of stray current. Types of corrosion control include stray current
control, materials selection, protective coating, and cathodic protection.
Corrosion control design criteria encompass all engineering project
disciplines. The design criteria for each of these categories, and their
implementation, shall meet the following objectives:
•
•
•
•
Achieve the design life of system facilities by avoiding premature
failure caused by corrosion.
Minimize annual operating and maintenance costs associated with
material deterioration and degradation.
Provide continuity of operations by reducing or eliminating corrosionrelated failures of transit facilities, systems, and subsystems.
Minimize detrimental effects of stray earth currents during normal
transit operations to facilities owned by others.
Corrosion control design shall be coordinated, as required, with other
transit project elements including mechanical, utility, electrical, civil,
structural, trackwork, traction power, vehicle, environmental,
geotechnical, architectural, safety system grounding, signaling,
communications, safety and security.
16.1.2 Grounding and Bonding
Grounding, Bonding, and Lightning Protection shall be designed to
address personal safety.
In principle, to ensure the integrity of the grounding and bonding systems
and the longevity of the system components, particularly for buried or
encased elements, the bonding and grounding designs shall create
duplicate electrical continuity paths and provide for redundancy in
jumpers and bonds.
This chapter also provides criteria for the electrical separation of outside
utility lines from the traction return and grounding systems.
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Chapter 16.0 – Corrosion Control
Grounding and Bonding
Grounding is the establishment of a common reference voltage (typically 0
V) between power sources and/or electrical equipment. Electrical ground
faults, short circuits, lightning, and transients can occur in electrical power
supply and distribution systems or the facilities power systems. These
design criteria specify requirements for the protective provisions relating
to electrical safety in structures associated with the alternating current (ac)
traction system. Grounding systems are intended to help clear faults in the
quickest possible manner by providing a low impedance path for fault
currents.
Grounding, bonding, and lightning protection are multi-disciplinary in
nature. The design shall consider and mitigate the negative effects of
lightning, ground potential rise, contact with electrical power circuits, and
induction. The various discipline designers must collaborate with one
another to coordinate the overall grounding and bonding design, so that a
consistent approach is used and applied by each discipline in the
development of the electrical, power and structural grounding and bonding
and lightning protection.
In addition, this chapter provides criteria for designs that will minimize the
touch voltage and ground return currents created by the electrification
system and facilities electrical systems that will provide for the safety of
passengers and operating personnel and minimize the hazards of electrical
shock. The grounding and bonding system designs shall provide the means
to carry electric currents into the earth under both normal and fault
conditions without exceeding any operating and equipment limits or
adversely affecting continuity of service.
For ac traction systems, grounding is the preferred method for reducing
potentials of the electrical system both during normal operations and under
fault conditions to protect equipment and to provide safety for employees
and the general public. Adequate bonding shall be designed and installed
throughout the entire electrified system to provide proper return circuits
for the normal traction power currents and fault currents, with grounding
connections as detailed in these criteria.
Where multiple codes address the same issue, but specify differing
approaches or values, the most stringent requirement shall be met. Design
documents shall identify each type of ground connection, consistent with
the ground categories identified in the other chapters of the design criteria
and as indicated in the following sections.
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16.2
Chapter 16.0 – Corrosion Control
Grounding and Bonding
Design Codes
16.2.1 Corrosion Control
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American Concrete Institute (ACI)
o ACI 201.2R: Guide to Durable Concrete
o ACI 222R: Corrosion of Metals in Concrete
o Publication SP-77: Sulfate Resistance of Concrete
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association
(AREMA)
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
American Society for Testing and Materials International (ASTM)
o ASTM C452-15: Standard Test Method for Potential Expansion of
Portland-Cement Mortars Exposed to Sulfate
American Water Works Association (AWWA)
Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute (CRSI)
Electronic Industries Association (EIA)
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
Publication No. FHWA-NHI-09-087
Insulated Cable Engineers Associated (ICEA)
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
NACE International (Corrosion Engineers)
o NACE SP0169: control of External Corrosion on Underground or
Submerged Metallic Piping Systems
o NACE SP0315-2015/IEEE Std 1835: Standard for Atmospheric
(Above Grade) corrosion Control of Existing Electric
Transmission, Distribution, and Substation Structures by Coating
Systems
National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC)
Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP Report 155)
Underwriters’ Laboratories (UL)
16.2.2 Grounding and Bonding
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November 25, 2015
European Standards (EN)
o EN 50119 - 2001: Railway Applications – Fixed Installations –
Electric Traction Overhead Contact Lines
o EN 50122-1 - 2011: Railway Applications – Fixed Installations Part 1. Protective provisions relating to electrical safety and
earthing
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16.3
Chapter 16.0 – Corrosion Control
Grounding and Bonding
o EN 50124-1 - 2001: Railway Applications – Insulation
Coordination – Part 1. Basic requirements – Clearances and
creepage distances for all electrical and electronic equipment
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
o IEEE Std. 80: IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding
o IEEE Std. 81: IEEE Guide for Measuring Earth Resistivity,
Ground Impedance, and Earth Surface Potentials of a Ground
System (Part 1)
o IEEE Std. 142: IEEE Recommended Practice for Grounding of
Industrial and Commercial Power Systems (IEEE Green Book)
o IEEE Std. 837: IEEE Standard for Qualifying Permanent
Connections Used in Substation Grounding
o IEEE Std. C2: National Electrical Safety Code
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 60479: Effects of
Current on Human Beings and Livestock – Part 1 General Aspects
NACE SP 0177-14 Mitigation of Alternating Current and Lightning
Effects on Metallic Structures and Corrosion Control Systems
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
o NFPA 70: National Electrical Code
o NFPA Std. 780: Standard for Installation of Lightning Protection
Systems
Pennsylvania Uniform Construction Code (UCC) IBC 2009 Chapter
27 (Electrical Code)
The Manual for Railway Engineering of the American Railway
Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association (AREMA Manual)
Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
Frazer Design Criteria
16.3.1 Corrosion Control
Provide electrical continuity of reinforcing steel for cast in place concrete
structures including the retaining walls and OCS foundations.
Provide corrosion control systems (cathodic protection and electrical
continuity) for new underground metallic piping. The corrosion control
systems shall include bonded coatings, electrical continuity bonding, test
stations, and galvanic anodes.
Cathodic protection system design shall be based on theoretical
calculations that include the following parameters:
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Estimated percentage of bare surface area (minimum 1 percent)
Cathodic protection current density (minimum of 1.0 mA/sq.ft. of bare
surface area)
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Chapter 16.0 – Corrosion Control
Grounding and Bonding
Estimated current output per anode
Estimated total number of anodes, size, and spacing
Minimum anode life of 25 years (minimum 50 percent efficiency)
Estimated anode groundbed resistance
Provide atmospheric corrosion control of above grade structures based on
environmental conditions through the use of materials selection, protective
coatings, design, and sealants.
Provide stray current corrosion control if dc stray currents are identified in
the local vicinity which could impact underground structures including
metallic utilities, the retaining wall reinforcing steel, and the OCS pole
foundations.
16.3.2 Grounding and Bonding
Provide grounding and bonding of reinforcing steel in cast in place
structures (retaining wall) to provide electrical continuity to accessible
structures and a low resistance ground for steady state and fault current
mitigation through the use of welding of the reinforcing steel.
Provide test stations along cast in place structures (retaining wall) to
provide a means of measuring the electrical continuity.
If a non-electrically continuous structure (retaining wall) is used, any
above grade accessible metallic structures must be grounded through
alternate means such as ground rods or ground mats.
OCS foundation reinforcing steel shall me made electrically continuous
through the use of welded reinforcing steel and grounded to the OCS poles
and to a ground rod at each OCS pole location.
Confirm electrical continuity through testing procedures such as
measurement of the resistance between test stations or from end to end of
an OCS pole foundation prior to installation in the ground.
The OCS poles shall be grounded through interconnection of the pole to
the static wire so that the ground resistance of the interconnected poles is
kept low. Reinforced concrete and anchor bolt foundations, where the
concrete is in good contact with the adjacent soil, are recognized as being
good earth electrodes. Where the ground resistance of individual OCS
poles exceeds 25 ohms, individual ground rods or other grounding
solutions shall be applied. All other OCS structural supports (e.g., wall
brackets, drop pipes, feeder wire brackets, etc.) shall be interconnected to
the static wire.
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Chapter 16.0 – Corrosion Control
Grounding and Bonding
Grounding and bonding of the running rails shall be provided to allow for
the flow of the traction return current and take into account the
connections to the static wires, impedance bonds, signal systems, and be
coordinated with the train control designer.
Resistance to earth of ground beds, ground rods, and ground mats shall be
measured through the fall of potential method.
Grounding provisions for the hand rail shall provide safety grounding for
steady state and fault currents as specified in these design criteria and in
IEEE 80. The design shall comply with the IEEE 80 Guide for Safety in
AC Substation Grounding and other codes as indicated in Section 16.2.2.
Grounding provisions for the OCS poles shall provide safety grounding
for steady state and fault currents as specified in these design criteria and
in IEEE 80. The design shall comply with the IEEE 80 Guide for Safety
in AC Substation Grounding and other codes as indicated in Section
16.2.2.
Contractor testing provisions shall include but not be limited to the
following:
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November 25, 2015
Any corrosion control and/or cathodic protection testing as specified in
the referenced standards in Section 16.2.1.
Electrical continuity testing of any structures to be made electrically
continuous such as cast in place retaining wall reinforcing steel or
OCS pole reinforcing steel using a Digital Low Resistance Ohmmeter
(DLRO), Megger DLRO 10X or approved equal.
Ground mats and ground rods or other grounding systems shall be
tested for resistance to earth using the fall of potential method as
specified in IEEE 81 Guide for Measuring Earth Resistivity, Ground
Impedance, and Earth Surface Potentials of a Ground System (Part 1)
prior to connecting the new grounding systems to existing grounding
systems.
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17.0
Chapter 17.0 – Traction Power
TRACTION POWER (Not Used)
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Chapter 17.0 – Traction Power
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18.0
Chapter 18.0 – Overhead Contact System
OVERHEAD CONTACT SYSTEM
18.1
Introduction
The Overhead Contact System (OCS) design criteria specified herein shall govern
the design and detailing of the following related components:
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Catenary system including supporting hardware.
Railroad catenary poles and/or structures.
Drilled shaft or caisson foundations.
The design shall meet SEPTA’S Catenary Structure Design Criteria and
Standards, revision 1 except as noted herein.
Design exceptions to any provisions specified in this document must be submitted
to SEPTA for approval.
18.2
Design Codes and References
Unless specified otherwise, the OCS design shall be in accordance with the
current editions of the following codes, standards or specifications:
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18.3
ACI 318 - Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete
AISC - Manual of Steel Construction, 14th Edition
AREMA - American Railway Engineering and Maintenance of Way Association
ASCE/SEI 7 - Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures
AWS D1.1 - American Welding Society Structural Welding Code - Steel
NESC - National Electric Safety Code
SEPTA - Structural Engineering Catenary Structure Design Criteria and
Standards, Rev. 1, 2006
SEPTA - Structural Engineering Right of Way Design and Construction Standards
Catenary
Catenary shall be simple catenary fixed termination type arrangement.
Wire Sizes:
• Messenger Wire: 5/8” diameter copperweld, Type E.
• Contact/Trolley: 336.4 kcmil solid grooved bronze
• Hangers – Clips: 0.34” diameter class B bronze rod
• Static Wire: 2/0 hard drawn copper, 7 stranded
Electrical Design Parameters:
• Design Electrical Insulation and Clearance: 25 kV nominal per AREMA
Chapter 33 and NFPA.
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Chapter 18.0 – Overhead Contact System
System Voltage: 12 kV at 25 Hertz, nominal.
Clearance Criteria shall be in accordance with AREMA Chapter 33 Part 4.2.3
requirements.
Railroad trolley wire height shall be between 19’-0” minimum and 22’-0”
maximum above top of the rail and match the existing at the location of the new
structure(s).
The minimum contact wire height at grade crossing shall be 22’-0 under the worst
condition.
18.4
Loading Requirements
Loading requirements shall comply with SEPTA’S Catenary Structure Design
Criteria and Standards Revision 1 except that the extreme wind condition shall be
90 mph instead of 80 mph at 60 °F.
18.5
Loading Combinations and Load Factors
Load combinations shall be in accordance with SEPTA’S Catenary Structure
Design Criteria and Standards Revision 1.
Load factors shall be according to NESC Section 25 requirements.
18.6
Design and Analysis
Design and analysis of the structural steel shall be either AISC ASD or LRFD
method as defined in SEPTA’S Catenary Structure Design Criteria and
Standards, Revision 1.
The AREMA design margin does not apply to calculation of maximum
deflections or to the baseplate or direct embedment in a reinforced drilled
concrete caisson.
The design and/or analysis of existing structures for new or revised loadings shall
be based upon current codes as modified herein.
Calculations and drawings shall include a loading diagram.
18.7
Materials
All Poles shall be wide flange shape steel ASTM A992 grade 50. All other
structural steel shall conform to ASTM A36. All shall be hot dipped galvanized.
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Chapter 18.0 – Overhead Contact System
All bolts, nuts and washers shall conform to ASTM A325, type N 7/8” diameter
unless noted otherwise and shall be hot-dip galvanized.
Welding electrodes shall be E70xx.
Anchor bolts or rods shall be ASTM F1554 Grade 36 or 55 weldable steel.
Concrete shall have a compressive strength fc’=4,000 psi at 28 days.
Foundation reinforcing steel shall be new deformed bars conforming to ASTM
A615 grade 60.
Foundation rebars, anchor bolts or rods, embedment plate and attached hardware
shall be hot-dip galvanized.
18.8
Steel Design Details
Steel design details shall be according to SEPTA’S Catenary Structure Design
Criteria and Standards, Revision 1.
Structures shall be detailed to accept SEPTA standard catenary hardware.
18.9
Foundation Design
Foundation design shall be per SEPTA’S Catenary Structure Design Criteria and
Standards, Revision 1 unless noted otherwise.
Foundations shall be drilled pier type (caisson). The use of a permanent steel
casing with a minimum 3/8” wall thickness and a yield strength of 35,000 psi is
required and shall remain in place.
18.10 Miscellaneous
All steel structures shall be grounded.
Galvanized coating thickness for structural members shall not be less than 2.3 oz/sf.
Provisions for the attachment of a static wire shall be on the top of all columns.
The catenary structure number shall be permanently marked on the inbound and
outbound faces of all columns at four (4) feet above ground line using reflective
paint or signs.
“Danger High Voltage” sign shall be installed on all columns per SEPTA
Standard.
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Chapter 18.0 – Overhead Contact System
A 5/8” diameter hole on the web of each pole at 12 inches above its base plate
shall be provided for grounding connection. The grounding wire at the other end
shall be connected to one of the foundation vertical reinforcing bars and the steel
casing.
The location of structures shall not violate SEPTA’S minimum clearance
requirements.
The combined new storage Tracks 10, 11 and 12 shall be sectionalized.
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19.0
Chapter 19.0 – Communications
COMMUNICATIONS (Not Used)
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Chapter 19.0 – Communications
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20.0
Chapter 20.0 – Fire/Life Safety
and Security
FIRE/LIFE SAFETY AND SECURITY (Not Used)
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Chapter 20.0 – Fire/Life Safety
and Security
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