STADIUM Software Overview
Durability and Service Life of Concrete Structures
Eric Samson
Cementitious Barriers Partnership
SIMCO Technologies Inc.
August 2014
Who we are
SIMCO is a specialized engineering firm entirely dedicated to the durability of concrete structures.
CBP/SIMCO
Hanford Training, August 2014
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Who we are
Design
Construction
Maintenance
Rehabilitation
Cumulative Damage
WITHOUT
INTERVENTION
CURRENT
CONDITION
REPAIR
Time
CBP/SIMCO
Hanford Training, August 2014
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Who we are
CBP/SIMCO
Hanford Training, August 2014
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STADIUM Overview
STADIUM® models the transport of chemical species in cementitious materials resulting from exchanges at the material/environment interface.
Transport
(dissolved species in pores)
Exchanges
CBP/SIMCO
Chemistry
(Interaction of dissolved species with hydrated cement)
Hanford Training, August 2014
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STADIUM Overview
CBP/SIMCO
Hanford Training, August 2014
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STADIUM Overview
Multiple
degradation
phenomena
Influence of local materials
Specific geometry
of the structure
Influence of local
exposure conditions
Rehabilitation
analyses
CBP/SIMCO
Hanford Training, August 2014
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STADIUM Overview
 The U.S. Department of Defense recognizes STADIUM® as the only accurate numerical solution for the prediction of long‐
term behavior of reinforced concrete structures exposed to marine environments.
 Since 2010, STADIUM® is specified in the Unified Facilities Guide Specifications (UFGS).
 It is used to select concrete mixtures for marine applications, based on specified performance targets.
CBP/SIMCO
Hanford Training, August 2014
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STADIUM Overview
Next time step
Input parameters:
• Material properties
• Environment
• Geometry
Transport Module
Chemistry Module
No
End of calculation?
The model is divided in 2 main modules:
• The transport module makes the species move during one time step,
• The chemistry module simulates the reactions between species in the pores and the hydrated paste.
Yes
Model output
CBP/SIMCO
Hanford Training, August 2014
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STADIUM Overview
Input parameters:
• Material properties
• Environment
• Geometry
Next time step
• Coupled species diffusion
Transport Module
Chemistry Module
No
End of calculation?
• Moisture/Temperature coupling
• Transport of main species
• Feedback effect
• Time‐dependent transport properties (hydration)
• Time‐dependent B.C.
Yes
Model output
CBP/SIMCO
Hanford Training, August 2014
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STADIUM Overview
Next time step
Input parameters:
• Material properties
• Environment
• Geometry
Transport Module
Chemistry Module
No
End of calculation?
• Local Equilibrium Assumption
• Dissolution/precipitation
• Solid solutions
• Chemical/Pitzer database in separate text file
• Effect of temperature on chemistry
Yes
Model output
CBP/SIMCO
Hanford Training, August 2014
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STADIUM Lab Modules
Characterization of concrete mixtures
Evaluation of transport properties –
Input to STADIUM®
CBP/SIMCO
Drying test
Migration test
Permeability
Moisture isotherm
Tortuosity
Diffusion coefficients
Hanford Training, August 2014
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STADIUM Lab Modules
The test methods are part of Unified Facilities Guide Specifications (UFGS) 03 31 29 (February 2010) test protocol
•
•
•
•
CBP/SIMCO
US Navy (NAVFAC ESC)
USACE
USAF
NASA
Hanford Training, August 2014
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STADIUM Input
Transport equations
Mechanisms
Properties
Lab tests
Electrodiffusion of species
Diffusion coefficient
Migration test
Porosity
ASTM C642
Moisture transport (liquid & vapor)
Permeability
Drying test
Moisture isotherm
Drying test
Thermal conductivity
Estimated
Heat capacity
Estimated
Heat conduction
CBP/SIMCO
Hanford Training, August 2014
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STADIUM Input
Chemistry
INPUT TO CHEMISTRY
MODULE
CALCULATED
PARAMETERS
Mix composition
Cement chemistry
SCMs chemistry
Chemistry database
Pitzer parameters
• Hydrated cement paste composition
• Pore solution composition
•
•
•
•
•
CBP/SIMCO
Hanford Training, August 2014
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STADIUM Input
Time‐dependent boundary conditions
Exposure to deicing salts
during winter
After a one-year cycle, the model goes back to the beginning
of the year. The cycle is repeated.
CBP/SIMCO
Hanford Training, August 2014
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Using STADIUM
New structures
Existing structures
Input values
Input values
Calculations
Calculations
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
CBP/SIMCO
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Using STADIUM – Existing Structures
Time to initiate corrosion
Corrosion
initiation
Current age
of the structure
10 years
CBP/SIMCO
Hanford Training, August 2014
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Using STADIUM – Existing Structures
Maintenance options
No Repair
Chloride content at first rebar
Membrane
Overlay Patch Repair
CBP/SIMCO
Hanford Training, August 2014
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Using STADIUM – Existing Structures
Simulating past exposure sequences
CBP/SIMCO
Hanford Training, August 2014
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Using STADIUM – Existing Structures
Simulating past exposure sequences
Overlay
CBP/SIMCO
Original Concrete
Hanford Training, August 2014
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Using STADIUM – Existing Structures
Simulating past exposure sequences
CBP/SIMCO
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Using STADIUM – New Structures
Case
Studies
CBP/SIMCO
Kentucky University –
Concrete Mix Design
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Using STADIUM – New Structures
Case
Studies
STADIUM® Specified
Kilo Wharf Extension
Kilo Wharf Extension
CBP/SIMCO
US NAVY, GUAM
Hanford Training, August 2014
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Using STADIUM – New Structures
Case
Studies
CBP/SIMCO
Panama Canal –
Third Set of Locks
Hanford Training, August 2014
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Using STADIUM – New Structures
Case
Studies
Panama Canal –
Third Set of Locks
Two Coring‐Drill Diameter High Water Mark
0.5 ‐ 1 m CBP/SIMCO
Hanford Training, August 2014
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Probabilistic approach
A probabilistic engine can handle calculations considering the distribution of key parameters:
• Transport properties,
• Concrete cover,
• Exposure conditions,
Transport
properties
Exposure
conditions
NDT / Rebar
depth
CBP/SIMCO
Probabilistic Layer
Rosenblueth point est.
• Corrosion threshold.
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Probabilistic approach
CBP/SIMCO
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Probabilistic approach
TRANSPORT PROPERTIES
EXPOSURE MAP
REBAR DEPTH
STADIUM®
Corrosion Simulations
CBP/SIMCO
Hanford Training, August 2014
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Asset Management
KMS ‐ Kademuren Modellering Systeem
1400 -1800
2008 - 2030
1960 - 1970
1929 – 1949
1800 - 1900
1970 – 2008
CBP/SIMCO
1948 - 1957
Hanford Training, August 2014
1934 - 1946
30
Asset Management
KMS ‐ Kademuren Modellering Systeem
STEP 1
037‐KAD‐001‐A
037‐KAD‐001‐B
037‐KAD‐001‐C
Inspection Request
Concrete
Coring
Visual Inspection
Steel
CBP/SIMCO
Mechanical Testing
STADIUM® Testing
Corrosion Measurements
Pitting Evaluation Hanford Training, August 2014
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Asset Management
KMS ‐ Kademuren Modellering Systeem
STEP 2
Degradation Analysis
per Zone and Element
Evaluate Degradation with STADIUM®
Post Treatment Analysis
For each Zone/Element combination
Schedule Next
Inspection
CBP/SIMCO
Close Monitoring
Required
Select the most critical Zone/Element combination
Critical Year
(Trigger/Intervention)
Maintenance Proposal
Repair
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CBP Test Case
Concrete in contact with saltstone
x=L
Concrete
barrier
20 cm
Waste material
(saltstone)
Soil
x=0
CBP/SIMCO
Hanford Training, August 2014
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CBP Test Case
Concrete in contact with saltstone
x=L
Minerals after 5000 years
Waste material
(saltstone)
120
Portlandite
CaH2SiO4
Solid phase content (g/kg)
Concrete
barrier
20 cm
100
Ettringite
Monosulfate
80
Concrete
Saltstone
C4AH13
Calcite
Monocarboal
60
40
20
Soil
x=0
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Position (cm)
CBP/SIMCO
Hanford Training, August 2014
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CBP Test Case
Concrete in contact with saltstone
Species (liquid phase) after 5000 years
x=L
Concrete
barrier
20 cm
Waste material
(saltstone)
Soil
x=0
CBP/SIMCO
Hanford Training, August 2014
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CBP Test Case
Concrete in contact with saltstone
Sulfate concentration at the concrete/saltstone interface
x=L
Soil
70
SO4 Concentration (mmol/L)
Concrete
barrier
20 cm
Waste material
(saltstone)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1
x=0
10
100
1000
10000
Time (years)
CBP/SIMCO
Hanford Training, August 2014
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CBP Test Case
Concrete in contact with saltstone
x=L
Concrete
barrier
Position of the ettringite front
20 cm
Waste material
(saltstone)
Soil
x=0
CBP/SIMCO
Hanford Training, August 2014
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