Prof. Dr. Hubert Kirrmann
ABBCH-RD
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd, Corporate Research, ABBCH-RD
Project C2-012/12 HK
Introduction to the IEC 61850
electrical utility
communication standard
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Executive summary
IEC 61850 is a collection of international standards defining:
-how to describe the devices in an electrical substation and
-how to exchange the information about these devices
- at configuration time and
- at run-time.
It simplifies considerably engineering and testing, savings several Mio € per year.
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
It is the base for all developments in substation automation.
Main products:
definition of model
engineering tools
object
IEC 61850 was developed by the IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva)
by a group of manufacturers (ABB, Alstom, Schneider, SEL, Siemens, Toshiba,..) and
electrical utilities (Electricité de France, Iberdrola, Hydro-Quebec,…)
IEC 61850 represents hundreds of person-years of work since 1997, one of the largest and
most successful standardization group ever (comparable to IEEE 802.3).
keep on reading even if you are an executive…
2
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Contents
1.
Introduction: substation elements
2.
Description of the electrical topology
3.
Protection, Control and Measurement devices
4.
Logical Devices and Logical Nodes
5.
Data communication topology
6.
Communication Protocols
7.
Substation Description Language and Tools
8.
Conclusion
3
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Swiss power grid: substations and transmission lines
substations are the nodes of the electricity network, connecting power plants,
different voltage levels, different frequencies and large loads
4
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Air-isolated substation (AIS)
5
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Air isolated high voltage elements
circuit breaker (3 phases)
(can break short-circuit current)
disconnector (3 phases)
6
power transformers
(can’t be switched under load)
current measurement
transformers
http://www.abb.com/product/us/9AAC30300082.aspx
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Gas-isolated substation (GIS)
7
Control
Q0/CSWI
Q8/CSWI
Q9/CSWI
Bay-HMI
IHMI
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
Earthing Switch
Q8_L1/XSWI
Gas density mon.
Q8_L1/SIMG
Secondary
technology
Isolator
Q9_L1/XSWI
Gas density mon.
Q9_L1/SIMG
Circuit Breaker
Q0_L1/XCBR
Gas density mon.
Q0_L1/SIMG
Primary technology
Distance
Protection
PDIS
GIS are used in urban regions where place is scarce, or in open air where conditions are harsh
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Indoor substations (medium voltage)
Gas Isolated high voltage
medium voltage
Connect towns and large industries to the grid
8
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Your substation at home
9
The switchboard in a home is a miniature substation:
- distribution of electricity (to the different rooms),
- control (switch on/off) and
- protection (fuses).
switch and protect
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
transformer
bath
earth
fault
living room
parents cellar
children
kitchen
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Substation elements
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
Station (Unterwerk, Sous-station, subestación)
Node in the power network
built in a switchyard (Schaltfeld, campo)
consists of :
Bus bar
(interconnects all elements)
Bay
for each incoming / outcoming line (“feeder”) bay
transformer bay
generator bay
connection between bus bars
equipment is divided into:
Primary equipment (switchyard hardware)
• breaker
• transformer
Secondary equipment (electronics)
control, monitoring and protection devices
10
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Electrical circuit (Single Line Diagram = SLD)
11
three phases
bus bar
(jeux de barres,
Sammelschiene,
barras)
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
disconnector
(interrupteurs,
Trenner, seccionador)
cannot be switched under power
circuit breaker
(disjoncteur,
Leistungsschalter, interruptor)
can switch fault current
G
transformer
(transformateur,
Trafo, transformador)
generator
(generateur,
Generator, generador)
feeder
bay
départ
Abgang
bahia
bay
bay
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Primary and secondary elements
primary
12
Network control centre
secondary
bus bars
switches
ABB
COM581
Power Automation AG
Communication
Converter
-Q2
-Q1
Control/Protection Cubicles
Fällanden
Steuerung / Schutz
=AD17 -KB2
220VDC SPANNUNG SYS 1 220VDC SPANNUNG SYS 2
-Q0
Feldsteuergerät REC216
mit Messung und Synchrocheck
VERRIEG ELUNG
VT
CT
-Q9
motors
-Q8
HV Line
bay
Process Interface
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
circuit
breakers
Fällanden
Steuerung / Schutz
=AD17 -KB2
C
LEITUNG SHAUPTSCHUTZ
REL316*4
I
I
0
SAMMELSCHIENENSCHUTZ
PRÜFSTECKER
I
Reset
0
STUFENVERL.
WE-BLO CK
REB500
Star coupler
AUS
0
SCHUTZ EIN/AUS
Power Automation AG
500SCM
500SCM
500SCM
RER111
500SCM
500SCM
Tx1
01
Tx1
01
Tx1
01
Tx1
01
Tx1
Rx1
Rx1
Rx1
Rx1
Rx1
Tx2
Tx2
Tx2
Tx2
Tx2
Rx2
Rx2
Rx2
Rx2
Rx2
Tx3
Tx3
Tx3
Tx3
Tx3
Rx3
Rx3
Rx3
Rx3
Rx3
RESERVESCHUTZ
d g tal
-X1
SYNCHRO NISIERUNG
ABB
HAND
AUS
SCHUTZ EIN/AUS
2 x 220/24V DC/DC SPANNUNG SVERSO RG UNG
Interbay
bus
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Contents
1.
Introduction: substation elements
2.
Description of the electrical topology
3.
Protection, Control and Measurement devices
4.
Logical Devices and Logical Nodes
5.
Data communication topology
6.
Communication Protocols
7.
Substation Description Language and Tools
8.
Conclusion
13
Introduction to
IEC 61850
IEC 61346: Naming of substation elements
14
=E1
=W1
=W2
M
M
M
M
M
M
=QB1
=QB2
=QB1
=QB2
=QB1
=QB2
=QC1
=BU1
=QC1
=BU2
=QA1
M
M
M
M
M
=QB1
=QB2
=QB1
=QB2
M
=QC1
=BI1
M
M
=QC1
=QC1
=QC2
=QC11
M
=QA1
=QA1
M
=QA1
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
M
=BI1
=QC2
=BI1
=QC2
M
-QA1
=BI1
=QC2
=BI1
=QC2
=QB12
M
=BU1
M
M
=Q3
=BU1
M
=T1
=QC9
=BU1
bay 3
M
=BU1
M
=T1
=QB9
M
=Q1
bay 1
M
E1.W1.Q2.QA1
=Q2
=QC9
=QB9
bay 2
=Q4
=Q5
bay 4
The IEC 61346 standard defines how substation elements should be named.
(Customers may define their own names, e.g. Q1 is “City_Broadway”)
bay 5
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Primary technology in the switchyard (Air Isolated)
15
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Substation Configuration Language: Single Line Diagram
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<SCL xmlns:sxy="http://www.iec.ch/61850/sclcoordinates001" xmlns="http://www.iec.ch/61850/2003/SCL">
<Header id="svc" toolID="SSI-Tool" nameStructure="IEDName" />
<Substation name="AA1" desc="Substation">
<VoltageLevel name="A1" desc="Voltage Level">
<Bay name="A01" desc="Bay" sxy:dir="horizontal">
<LNode iedName="AA1TH1" ldInst="LD0" lnClass="LPHD" lnInst="1" />
<LNode iedName="AA1TH1" ldInst="LD0" lnClass="ITCI" lnInst="1" />
<LNode iedName="AA1TH1" ldInst="LD0" lnClass="LLN0" lnInst="" />
</Bay>
</VoltageLevel>
<VoltageLevel name="C1" desc="Voltage Level">
<Voltage multiplier="k" unit="V">380</Voltage>
</VoltageLevel>
<VoltageLevel name="H1" desc="Voltage Level">
<Voltage multiplier="k" unit="V">33</Voltage>
<Bay name="Q03" desc="Trafo LV" sxy:x="54" sxy:y="33" sxy:dir="vertical">
<ConductingEquipment name="QA1" desc="Circuit Breaker" type="CBR" sxy:x="7" sxy:y="8" sxy:dir="vertical">
<Terminal connectivityNode="AA1/H1/Q03/N1" substationName="AA1" voltageLevelName="H1" bayName="Q03" cNodeName="N1"
<Terminal connectivityNode="AA1/H1/Q03/N5" substationName="AA1" voltageLevelName="H1" bayName="Q03" cNodeName="N5"
</ConductingEquipment>
<ConductingEquipment name="BU1" desc="Voltage Transformer 2 Sec. 3 Phase" type="VTR" sxy:x="4" sxy:y="24">
<Terminal connectivityNode="AA1/H1/Q03/N6" substationName="AA1" voltageLevelName="H1" bayName="Q03" cNodeName="N6"
</ConductingEquipment>
<ConductingEquipment name="TrafoLV" desc="Line In/Out" type="IFL" sxy:x="7" sxy:y="26" sxy:dir="vertical">
<Terminal connectivityNode="AA1/H1/Q03/N6" substationName="AA1" voltageLevelName="H1" bayName="Q03" cNodeName="N6"
</ConductingEquipment>
<ConductingEquipment name="BI1.2" desc="Current Transformer" type="CTR" sxy:x="7" sxy:y="12" sxy:dir="vertical">
<Terminal connectivityNode="AA1/H1/Q03/N3" substationName="AA1" voltageLevelName="H1" bayName="Q03" cNodeName="N3"
<Terminal connectivityNode="AA1/H1/Q03/N4" substationName="AA1" voltageLevelName="H1" bayName="Q03" cNodeName="N4"
</ConductingEquipment>
IEC 61850-6 specifies how to describe a substation’s Single Line Diagram, and how to
reproduce it on a screen exactly in the correct topology.
It allows to describe any substation, independent from the manufacturer in simple XML.
16
/>
/>
/>
/>
/>
/>
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Contents
1.
Introduction: substation elements
2.
Description of the electrical topology
3.
Protection, Control and Measurement devices
4.
Logical Devices and Logical Nodes
5.
Data communication topology
6.
Communication Protocols
7.
Substation Description Language and Tools
8.
Conclusion
17
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Protection, Measurement and Control devices
18
IED = Intelligent Electronic Device
bus bar H1
bus-bar
protection
bus bar H2
M
M
M
M
M
=QB1
=QB2
=QB1
=QB2
=QB1
=QB2
=QC1
=QC1
M
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
=QA1
bay protection
and control
measurement
M
=BI1
M
=QA1
=QC2
=BI1
M
=BU1
back-up bay
protection and
control
=QC1
M
=QA1
=QC2
=BI1
=QC2
M
=BU1
M
=T1
M
=BU1
=QC9
=QB9
G
generator
protection
M
=Q1
=Q2
bay 1
transformer
protection
=Q2
bay 2
bay 2
Each object is protected by its own protection & control device
Introduction to
IEC 61850
IEC 61850- based product family
19
RE_ 670
Price
RE_ 650
RE_ 630
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
RE_ 615
RE_ 60_
voltage / power level
Distribution
Transmission
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Example of protection function: time-overcurrent
current [kA]
nominal current
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
duration before trip [ms]
The protection function is adjusted with a set of parameters that are tuned
for a specific substation and bay, called a setting.
Protection function have usually different settings, that are used depending on the situation.
20
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Internals of an IED
21
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Signal flow in an IED
22
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Contents
1.
Introduction: substation elements
2.
Description of the electrical topology
3.
Protection, Control and Measurement devices
4.
Logical Devices and Logical Nodes
5.
Data communication topology
6.
Communication Protocols
7.
Substation Description Language and Tools
8.
Conclusion
23
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Logical device
Each physical device (called an IED) can perform functions that was formerly performed
by different protection or control devices.
Those former devices are represented by Logical Devices within the physical device.
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
Physical Device
PISA_Q0_L3
Logical Device Q0_L3/
circuit breaker control
and protection
Logical Device B_L3/
buss bar control
and protection
24
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Logical Nodes
25
IEC 61850 describes each function within a substation equipment
(transformer, circuit breaker, protection function...) by a logical node (LN).
IED2
IHMI
human interface
IARC
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
LAN
IED1
circuit breaker
current measure
transformer
XCBR
Q0
CSWI
PIOC
TCTR
T1
control of switch
protection against
over current
MMTR
voltage measuring
transformer
T2
: TVTR
MMXU
City X
measuring unit
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Logical Nodes Groups
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
IEC 61850-7-4 standardizes 91 Logical Nodes divided into 13 Logical Groups
The first letter of the Logical Node identifies the group.
Logical Group
L
P
R
C
G
I
A
M
S
X
T
Y
Z
Name
Number of Logical Nodes
System LN
2
Protection
28
Protection related
10
Control
5
Generic
3
Interfacing and archiving
4
Automatic control
4
Metering and measurement
8
Sensor and monitoring
4
Switchgear
2
Instrument transformers
2
Power transformers
4
Further power system equipment
15
W
O
H
N
B
F
Wind
Solar
Hydro
Power plant
Batteries
Fuel Cells
reserved for companion standards
26
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Logical Nodes: switchgear
LNname
Function
XCBR
Circuit breaker
a high-power switch capable of switching off
or on under full load current
(Schalter, Interrupteur)
XSWI
Circuit switch
a switching device capable of electrically
isolating a line, but which may only be
operated when essentially no current is
flowing
27
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Data: Circuit Breaker
28
XCBR
Data Object
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
Mod
Beh
Health
NamePlt
Loc
EEHealth
EEName
NamPlt
OpCnt
Pos
BlkOpn
BlkCls
ChaMotEna
SumSwARs
CBOpCap
POWCap
MaxOpCap
Explanation
Basic LN
Mode
Behavior
Health
Name Plate
Local operation, not remote
External equipment health
External equipment name plate
Name Plate
Operation counter
Controls
Switch position
Block opening
Block closing
Charger motor enable
Measures
Sum of switched amperes, resetable
Status
Circuit breaker operating capability
Point on wave switching capability
Operating capability when fully charged
Class
INC
INS
INS
LPL
SPS
INS
DPL
LPL
INS
Mandatory
M
M
M
M
DPC
SPC
SPC
SPC
M
M
M
BCR
INS
INS
INS
M
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Attributes: position
29
Each attribute of a DATA consists of a number of Data Attributes,
with a Data Attribute Type (DAType) that belong to Functional Constraints (FC)
DATA “Pos”
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
Attribute Name
Attribute Type
Functional Constraint
stVal
q
t
BOOLEAN
Quality
TimeStamp
Status (ST)
d
Visible String255
Description (DC)
subEna
subVal
subQ
subID
BOOLEAN
BOOLEAN
Quality
Visible String64
Basic Type
Common data
attribute type
Substitution (SV)
only needed when
substitution is
possible
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
Introduction to
IEC 61850
LNname
PDIF
PDIR
PDIS
PDOP
PDUP
PFRC
PHAR
PHIZ
PIOC
PMRI
PMSS
POPF
PPAM
PSCH
PSDE
PTEF
PTOC
PTOF
PTOV
PTRC
PTTR
PTUC
PTUV
PTUF
PUPF
PVOC
PVPH
PZSU
Logical nodes of the P-group (protection)
IEEE protection function(s) name
87,87P,87L,87N,87T,87B, 87M, 87G
87B
21
32
32,37,40
81
87T
64
50
49R,66,48,51LR
55
21,85
46,51,60,64R,64S,64W,67,67N,76
81
47,59,59DC,60
49,49R,49S
37
27
55
51V
24
14
Protection Function
Differential
Direction comparison
Distance protection
Directional Overpower
Directional Underpower
Rate of change of frequency
Harmonic restraint
Ground detector
Instantaneous overcurrent
Motor restart inhibition
Motor starting supervision
Over power factor
Phase angle measuring
Protection scheme
Sensitive directional earth fault
Transient earth fault
Time overcurrent
Overfrequency
Overvoltage
Thermal overload
Undercurrent
Undervoltage
Underfrequency
Under power factor
Voltage controlled time overcurrent
Volt per Hertz
Zero speed or underspeed
30
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Substation Configuration Language: Equipment
<LN inst="1" lnClass="XCBR" lnType="IED670@IEC61850@@@ABBIED670_REV1_SXCBR@1" prefix="S">
<Private type="ABB_FunctionRefs">476621a8-3f95-4a19-9b63-31171ddd62f9</Private>
<DOI name="Mod" desc="Mode">
<DAI name="stVal" sAddr="/INC/ST/Enum/+/dchg/Mod/App1.SWITCH_D.1.THIS.0.ModSt,152,29" />
<DAI name="q" sAddr="/INC/ST/Quality/+/qchg/+/App1.SWITCH_D.1.THIS.0.ModSt,152,100" />
<DAI name="t" sAddr="/INC/ST/Timestamp/+/none/+/App1.SWITCH_D.1.THIS.0.ModSt,152,32" />
<DAI name="ctlModel" sAddr="/INC/CF/Enum/+/none/ctlModel/-1,-1,-1" valKind="RO" />
<DAI name="d" sAddr="/INC/DC/VisString255/+/none/+/-1,-1,-1" valKind="RO" />
</DOI>
<DOI name="Health">
<DAI name="stVal" sAddr="/INS/ST/Enum/+/dchg/Health/-1,-1,-1" />
<DAI name="q" sAddr="/INS/ST/Quality/+/qchg/+/-1,-1,-1" />
<DAI name="t" sAddr="/INS/ST/Timestamp/+/none/+/-1,-1,-1" />
<DAI name="d" sAddr="/INS/DC/VisString255/+/none/+/-1,-1,-1" valKind="RO" />
</DOI>
<DOI name="NamPlt">
<DAI name="vendor" sAddr="/LPL/DC/VisString255/+/none/+/-1,-1,-1" valKind="RO" />
<DAI name="swRev" sAddr="/LPL/DC/VisString255/+/none/+/-1,-1,-1" valKind="RO" />
<DAI name="d" sAddr="/LPL/DC/VisString255/+/none/+/-1,-1,-1" valKind="RO" />
<DAI name="configRev" sAddr="/LPL/DC/VisString255/+/none/+/-1,-1,-1" valKind="RO" />
</DOI>
<DOI name="Loc" desc="Local operation (local means without substation automation communication, hardwired direct control)">
<DAI name="stVal" sAddr="/SPS/ST/BOOLEAN/+/dchg/+/App1.SWITCH_D.1.OUT.20.Value,140,13" />
<DAI name="q" sAddr="/SPS/ST/Quality/+/qchg/+/App1.SWITCH_D.1.OUT.20.Value,140,100" />
<DAI name="t" sAddr="/SPS/ST/Timestamp/+/none/+/App1.SWITCH_D.1.OUT.20.Value,140,32" />
<DAI name="d" sAddr="/SPS/DC/VisString255/+/none/+/-1,-1,-1" valKind="RO" />
</DOI>
<DOI name="OpCnt" desc="Operation counter">
<DAI name="stVal" sAddr="/INS/ST/INT32/+/dchg/+/App1.SWITCH_D.1.OUT.8.Value,33,30" />
<DAI name="q" sAddr="/INS/ST/Quality/+/qchg/+/App1.SWITCH_D.1.OUT.8.Value,33,100" />
<DAI name="t" sAddr="/INS/ST/Timestamp/+/none/+/App1.SWITCH_D.1.OUT.8.Value,33,32" />
<DAI name="d" sAddr="/INS/DC/VisString255/+/none/+/-1,-1,-1" valKind="RO" />
</DOI>
<DOI name="Pos" desc="Switch position">
<DAI name="stVal" sAddr="/DPC/ST/Dbpos/+/dchg/+/App1.SWITCH_D.1.OUT.21.Value,141,12" />
<DAI name="q" sAddr="/DPC/ST/Quality/+/qchg/+/App1.SWITCH_D.1.OUT.21.Value,141,100" />
<DAI name="t" sAddr="/DPC/ST/Timestamp/+/none/+/App1.SWITCH_D.1.OUT.21.Value,141,32" />
<DAI name="subEna" sAddr="/DPC/SV/BOOLEAN/+/none/+/App1.SWITCH_D.1.SUB.0.Enable,-1,-1" />
<DAI name="subVal" sAddr="/DPC/SV/Dbpos/+/none/+/App1.SWITCH_D.1.SUB.0.Value,-1,-1" />
<DAI name="subQ" sAddr="/DPC/SV/Quality/+/none/+/-1,-1,-1" />
value
<DAI name="subID" sAddr="/DPC/SV/VisString64/+/none/+/-1,-1,-1" />
<DAI name="ctlModel" sAddr="/DPC/CF/Enum/+/none/ctlModel/-1,-1,-1" valKind="RO" />
quality
<DAI name="d" sAddr="/DPC/DC/VisString255/+/none/+/-1,-1,-1" valKind="RO" />
time stamp
</DOI>
substituted value
<DOI name="BlkOpn" desc="Block opening">
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
name of the circuit breaker
health state
name plate
local/remote operation
number of switching opertions
description
current breaker position
31
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Contents
1.
Introduction: substation elements
2.
Description of the electrical topology
3.
Protection, Control and Measurement devices
4.
Logical Devices and Logical Nodes
5.
Data communication topology
6.
Communication Protocols
7.
Substation Description Language and Tools
8.
Conclusion
32
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Data and electrical topologies
33
01
electrical topology:
Single Line Diagram
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
bay 01
bay
02
bay
03
GPS
clock
printer Log
04
SCADA
bay
11
bay
12
Network
Control
Gateway
switch
data network
topology
bay
station bus
IED
IED
IED
IED
IED
IED
IED
IED
IED
IED
IED
IED
IED
IED
IED
IED
IED
IED
bay 03
bay 04
bay 01
bay 02
bay 11
bay 12
the structure of the network reflects the structure of the substation
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Station Bus and Process Bus
34
network control
SCADA
Engineering
HMI
HMI
SCADA level
(9-2 SV)
process input
analogue
process
interface
binary
PIA
Process bus
8-1 GOOSE
9-2 SV
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
horizontal traffic
(8-1 GOOSE)
IED
IED
IED
IED
IED
IED
vertical traffic
Station Bus
bay level
SCADA
(MMS)
SCADA
clock
gateway
firewall
IED
IED
IED
IED
IED
IED
IED
IED
IED
PIB
primary technology
bay
bay
direct wiring
bay
bay
bay
Introduction to
IEC 61850
IEC 61850 station bus ring topology (preferred, other exist)
GPS
time
printer
operator
workplace
logger
network
control centre
remote
control
switch S
station bus (ring) = Ethernet
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
switch 1
switch 2
100Fx
(fibre) links
100Tx
(copper)
links
bay 1
IED
IEC
IED
IED
IED
IED
IED
IED
bay 2
...
IED
bay N
the structure of the network reflects the structure of the substation
35
Introduction to
IEC 61850
HP Color
Laserjet
Printer Server 1
Substation Automation Network: a real case
Operator's Workstation 1
Global Position
to
Disturbance Recorder
System
Central Station
Evalution Station
Engineering Workstation
Oper ator 's Wor kstation 2
36
PTUSK Scope
132kV FOX
Equipment
Alarm and
Event Printer 1
LA36W
11kV analog Ether 132kV analog
Input
net
Input
Printer Server 2
Telephon
Modem
Verbindung zu E4
Alarm and
Event Printer 2
LA36W
o/e
LAN-Interface
to LV SCMS
Repeater
Redundant Station LAN TCP-IP
GPS
Master
Repeater
Front-End Station
Computer 1
Service
Modem
11kV Modem 132kV Modem
NSK
NSK
Front-End Station
Computer 2
HP Color
Fallback
Switch
Station Alarm Unit
RS232
Laser jet
Station Alarm Unit
LDCs Interface from Station ComputerIEC870-5-101
2
LDCs Interface from Station ComputerIEC870-5-101
1
SAS570 Advanced
Substation Automation System
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Manual
Switch
4 x Star Coupler
RER111 including
redundant
power supply
FO
Fibre optic station bus (LON) in star configuration
Control
Bay control unit
REC316*4
Main 2
Line distance prot.
REL316*4
Bay control unit
REC316*4
500RIO11 , 16DI
3Ph and neutral OC
SPAJ140C
Protection
Differential protection
RET316*4
Bay control unit
REC316*4
Bay control unit
REC316*4
AVR and tap control
T1 type REGSys
Analog alarm unit
SACO16A3
BBP/BFP Centr al unit
REB500
AVR and tap control
T2 type REGSys
EF and OC
SPAJ110C
SACO16A3 R
Stand by
SPAJ110C earth fault
overcurrent
Prot.
Main 1
SACO16A3 R
SPAJ110C Tertiary
Earth fault
Prot.
SACO16A3 R
Phase and
SPAJ140C neutral
SPAU140C
overcurrent
Prot.
Synchr o-
SPAJ110C Neutral
Analog alarm unit
SACO16A3
earth fault
Prot.
AVR and tap control
T3 type REGSys
10 x BBP/BFP Bay unit
REB500
Siemens 7SD610 für
E19 Verbindung
B69
Überstrom
Bay control unit Pilot wire diff. prot.
(loose delivery)
SOLKOR R/Rf.
4 x 132kV Cable Line
SACO64D4Auxiliary alarm unit
SPAJ115CRestricted
earth fault
Protection
SACO64D4Auxiliary alarm unit
SPAJ110C
Bay control unit
(loose delivery)
(loose delivery)
1 x 132kV Bus Coupler
10 x 132kV
4 x 11kV
6 x 500RIO11 DI
check
o/e
Fault Monitoring System
Indactic I650
Earth fault
overcurrent
Prot.
SPAJ115C
AVR and tap control
T4 type REGSys
Restricted
earth fault
Protection
1 x spare
132kV Side
(loose delivery)
SACO64D4Auxiliary alarm unit
1 x 500RIO11 DO
SACO64D4 Auxiliary alarm unit
11kV Side
Coaxial cable
(loose delivery)
4 x 132/11kV Transformer Feeder
Trafo Interlocking
AVR & Tap Control
132kV BBP / BFP
132kV Common Alarm
FMS Fault Monitoring System
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Redundant IEC 61850 network
workstation1
37
workstation2
logger
NCC
NCC
COM
COM
printer
Duo/Duplo
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
station bus (ring)
IED
IED
IED
IED
IED
IED
IED
IED
3rd party
bay (ring)
bay (ring)
bay (star)
Mixing redundant, non-redundant, HASAR and PRP
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Substation Configuration Language: communication
…
<Communication>
<Subnetwork name="Line1" type="8-MMS" bitrate="100">
<ConnectedAP ieDName="AA3KA3" apName="S1">
<Address>
<P type="IP">10.41.24.135</P>
<P type="IP-GATEWAY"></P>
<P type="IP-SUBNET">255.255.255.0</P>
</Address>
<GSE ldInst="C1" cbName="Interlock" addr="01-0C-CD-01-00-01" mintime="8" maxtime="1024"></GSE>
</ConnectedAP>
<ConnectedAP ieDName="AA3KA1" apName="S1">
<Address>
<P type="IP">10.58.125.232</P>
<P type="IP-GATEWAY"></P>
<P type="IP-SUBNET">255.255.255.0</P>
</Address>
</ConnectedAP>
<ConnectedAP ieDName="AA3KA4" apName="S1">
<Address>
<P type="IP">10.41.24.136</P>
<P type="IP-GATEWAY"></P>
<P type="IP-SUBNET">255.255.255.0</P>
</Address>
<GSE ldInst="C1" cbName="Interlock" addr="01-0C-CD-01-00-01" mintime="8" maxtime="1000"></GSE>
…
IEC61850-6 specifies the data network topology (with its coordinates),
the devices that participate in communication, how they are connected,
which are their addresses and which is the data traffic they generate.
This information allows to determine at engineering time the traffic load on the network.
38
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Contents
1.
Introduction: substation elements
2.
Description of the electrical topology
3.
Protection, Control and Measurement devices
4.
Logical Devices and Logical Nodes
5.
Data communication topology
6.
Communication Protocols
7.
Substation Description Language and Tools
8.
Conclusion
39
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Three types of communication in IEC 61850
40
NCC
Supervisory
Level
Telecontrol
HMI
SCADA
SCADA
GPSa
Event
Printers
Back-Up
Bay
Level
GOOSE
IED
IED
IED
bay
sampled values
(IED to IED)
IEC 61850-9-2
interbay
bus
MMS
horizontal communication
(IED to IED)
IEC 61850-8
IEC 61850
Station Bus
Sample Values
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
S-bus
bay
bay
vertical communication
(SCADA to IEDs)
IEC 61850-8
bay
bay
bay
Introduction to
IEC 61850
IEC 61850: Three protocols stacks
41
ACSI = Application Common Interface
GOOSE
publisher-subscriber
IED-IED
IEC 61850-8-1
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MMS
client-server
SCADA-IEDs
IEC 61850-8-1
Ethernet
SV
PI-IED
61850-9-2
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Details of the stack
42
application
application
application
1ms
1µs
ACSI
Soft-Time stack
Hard Real-Time stack
Client/Server
services
presentation
SNTP
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
session
MMS
ISO 9506-1:2003
ACSE
ISO/IEC 8649:1996
ISO Session
ISO/IEC 8245
ISO Transport
RFC 1006
transport
TCP RFC 793
network
IP
link layer
PT=0800
SV
x88F7
x88B8
x88BA
spanning
tree
(802.1d)
ICMP
PT=0806
802.p1 / 802.1Q
802.2
PTID=8100
link redundancy entity (PRP / HSR)
redundancy
physical layer
GOOSE
ARP
void
VLAN - priority
IEEE
1588
MAC layer
Ethernet A
Ethernet B
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Client-Server Protocol (MMS) – two modes
MMS client
network
43
MMS server
distance
network
Request
Indication
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
processing
Confirmation
1) Request-Response
Response
asynchronous event
Request
2) Unsolicited
Indication
time
builds on unicast TCP/IPv4
( IEC 61850-8-1 )
Introduction to
IEC 61850
GOOSE: event-driven real-time communication
event
T0
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T0
(T0)
T1
T2, T3
(T0)
T1T1 T2
T3
T0
T0
retransmission in stable conditions (no event for a long time).
retransmission in stable conditions may be shortened by an event.
shortest retransmission time after the event.
retransmission times until achieving the stable conditions time.
(the value of these times is an application issue)
Used to transmit to all other bays a state change (e.g. switch closing)
Publisher-Subscriber (Source addressed)
Uses multicast on layer 2
( IEC 61850-8-1 )
44
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Communication protocols in IEC 61850
45
application
ACSI
SCADA
MMS
Goose
TCP / IP
Ethernet
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
Station Bus
Ethernet
TCP / IP
IEDs
Ethernet
TCP / IP
Goose
Ethernet
TCP / IP
Goose
Goose
MMS
MMS
MMS
substation objects
substation objects
substation objects
IEC 61850 uses different stacks for the different kinds of traffic.
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Contents
1.
Introduction: substation elements
2.
Description of the electrical topology
3.
Protection, Control and Measurement devices
4.
Logical Devices and Logical Nodes
5.
Data communication topology
6.
Communication Protocols
7.
Substation Description Language and Tools
8.
Conclusion
46
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Substation Configuration Description
47
The Substation Configuration Description
(SCD) file according to IEC61850 is the
“DNA” of the substation, defining:
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
Integrated
Engineering
Tools
SCD
substation topology
(busbars, feeders, switches,..)
logical devices and
protection functions
(overcurrent, ….)
NCC
NCC
Computer Printer Timeserver Computer
Timeserver
a large XML
file(4 MB..12 MB)
data network
configuration
(IP addresses…)
Switch
Switch
1
Control
IED Control
IED Control
IED
Prot.
IED Prot.
IED
Switch
Switch
Prot.
IED
...
2
Control
IED Control
IED Control
IED
Prot.
IED Prot.
IED
Prot.
IED
...
.....
Switch
11
Control
IED Control
IED Control
IED
Prot.
IED Prot.
IED
.....
Prot.
IED
...
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Object Model
The IEC 61850 object model is the centerpiece of the standard.
It relies on application know-how of the standards group.
The model is used for:
- system verification (“virtual maximum size substation”)
- engineering of a particular substation
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
- allocation of functions to devices in that substation
- configuration of the real devices (IEDs and SCADA) and real network
- testing and debugging
The object model is implemented:
-a) in the engineering tools (total substation)
-b) in the SCADA
(relevant parts of substation)
-c) in the devices
(only local functions, need-to-know)
48
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Impact of the SCL on the engineering process
Substation
configuration
IET
Single Line
Diagram
SCADA
49
Telecontrol
SCD
COMxxx
Status and
Control
ICD
interbay bus
CAP / PCM
Tools
IED configuration
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
CID
IED
physical signals
IED
physical signals
IED
physical signals
The use of SCL obliges to adopt a top-down approach in engineering:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Single line diagram
Bay description
Function description
Communication description
IED parameters
Introduction to
IEC 61850
IET: substation configuration tool
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
IET in used in all projects to produce the single line diagram, attach the IEDs
and generate the SCD file
50
Introduction to
IEC 61850
The Synthy idea: simulate devices modeled in IEC 61850
Supervisory Level (SCADA)
LAN Analyzer
Integrated
Engineering
Tools
GPSa
Telecontrol
HMI
SCADA
Station
Computer
/ HMI
DataBase
OPC
Event
Printers
DB
OPC
IEC 61850 Industrial Ethernet
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
SCD
PCM
bay
bay
bay
Omicron,
XS-92
Lower testers
switches
and leds
classic testing
PLCs
bay
bay
bay
substation objects
1A~, 100V~
110V=, 24V=
RTU
script
script
script
GUI
GUI
Synthy
51
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Synthy in Factory Acceptance Test
52
before….
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SCADA
real IEDs
Synthy
after….
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Contents
1.
Introduction: substation elements
2.
Description of the electrical topology
3.
Protection, Control and Measurement devices
4.
Logical Devices and Logical Nodes
5.
Data communication topology
6.
Communication Protocols
7.
Substation Description Language and Tools
8.
Conclusion
53
Introduction to
IEC 61850
The main features of IEC 61850
- defines interconnection of IEDs based on Ethernet / TCP-IP / MMS
- defines besides TCP/IP a Layer 2 traffic for time-critical data
-defines an object model
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
-defines application layer semantics for the objects
-defines a substation configuration language
54
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Benefits of IEC 61850
The benefit of an IEC61850 device is not in the price of the device: it
is in lower cost to use the device.
The benefit of an IEC61850 system is not in buying the system: it is
in lower costs to engineer and commission the substation system.
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
The cost of an installed device is 7 times the value of the device !
“The flexibility provided by the IEC61850/UCA-MMS
protocols has the potential for saving millions of dollars
in development costs for utilities and manufacturers,
since it eliminates the need for protocol converters and
lengthy, complex database mapping when integrating
devices from different manufacturers.
Gustavo Brunello, GE, in Electricity Today, Issue 4, 2003, page 10”
55
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Conclusion
IEC 61850 is the base for all future developments in substation automation
IEC 61850 is a successful standard in substations, because it put all competitors on an equal
footing through the Ethernet / Internet technology.
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
IEC 61850 defines an application object model that is independent from the communication and
ensures long-term investment.
IEC 61850 value resides in the savings in engineering and testing that it allows.
IEC 61850 paved the way for other standards, such as wind mills, hydro and the same principles
could be used in any standardized plant. .
56
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Outlook: Spreading to other standards
The methods of IEC 61850 have been applied successfully to other domains.
© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd Corporate Research ABBCH-RD
IEC 61400-25 (Wind turbines)
IEC61850-90-7 (Inverters for Distributed Energy and Renewable)
IEC 61850-90-5 (Synchrophasor transmission)
IEC_61850-7-510 (Hydro plants)
IEC_61850-7-420 (Distributed Energy and Renewable)
=> Common Information Model (CIM, IEC 61968 / IEC 61970)
57
Introduction to
IEC 61850
Wind turbine objects
58
WindTurbine (WTUR)
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Logical Node
TMS
Turbine Availability Time
Emergency Stop
BOOL
TMS
Turbine Operation Time
Var SetPoint
STP
CTE
Number of Turbine Starts
CTE
Number of Turbine Stops
STV
Windturbine Status
AMV
Total active Energy generation
W SetPoint
Windturbine operation command
network
every conformant wind turbine must implement these objects !
STP
CMD
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Introduction to
IEC 61850
59