Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
J. Vasi
National Centre for Photovoltaic Research & Education
IIT Bombay
Introduction
Inception of the National Centre for Photovoltaic Research and
Education (NCPRE)
 Facilities at NCPRE
 Education & Training
 Research
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Si Solar Cells
New Materials and Devices
Solar PV Systems and Modules
Characterization, Modeling and Simulation
Industry Affiliate Programme
Conclusions
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IIT Bombay has had research activities in the areas of energy,
semiconductors, and materials for over 2 decades
These converged into two major initiatives:
 Department of Energy Science & Engineering (DESE) in 2007
 Centre of Excellence in Nanoelectronics (CEN) in 2006
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DESE is one the first full Department at any of the IITs
dedicated to Energy
CEN was set up as a project funded by Department of
Information Technology (DIT)
The Government has set up the “National Centre for
Photovoltaics Research & Education” at IIT Bombay in
October 2010
JNNSM launched in January 2010
NCPRE set up in October 2010
5 year Project
 Strong Education + Research thrust
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NCPRE
www.ncpre.iitb.in
Education
Si Solar Cells
Research
New
Materials &
Devices
Characterization,
Modeling &
Simulation
Solar PV
Systems &
Modules
NCPRE Investigators
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50 investigators from 13 Departments at IIT Bombay
Among the Departments/Centres which participate in NCPRE:
 Energy Science & Engineering
 Electrical Engineering
 Materials Science
 Physics
 Chemistry
 Mechanical Engineering
 Technology Alternatives for Rural Areas
 Management
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Highly interdisciplinary – “Cross-cutting technologies” being
encouraged
NCPRE Investigators
S.
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Name
Prof. Juzer Vasi
Prof. Chetan Singh Solanki
Prof. B.G.Fernandes
Prof. Richard Pinto
Prof. Shaibal K. Sarkar
Prof. P. Bhargav
Prof. Sagar Mitra
Prof. Anshuman Shukla
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Prof. V. Agrawal
Prof. Subhananda Chakrabarti
Prof. B.M. Arora
Prof. Anil Kottantharayil
Prof. Souvik Mahapatra
Prof. V.Ramgopal Rao
Prof. A. Q. Contractor
Prof. Suryanarayana Doolla
Prof. Pratibha Sharma
Prof. Prakash Ghosh
Prof. Anil Kumar
Prof. Rajdip Bandyopadhyaya
Prof. M.B. Patil
Prof. Anand Patwardhan
Prof. R. K. Pant
Prof. V. Sethi
Prof. R. Mohanty
Dept
EE
ESE
EE
EE
ESE
MEMS
ESE
EE
S.
No
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
Name
Dept
Prof. M. Shojaei
Prof. Arindam Chowdhury
Prof. M. Aslam
Prof. Suhas Joshi
Prof. R. K. Singh
Prof. Sudarshan Kumar
Prof. A. Ganesh
Prof. M. C. Chandorkar
EE
Chem
Phy
ME
ME
Aero
ESE
EE
EE
EE
EE
EE
EE
EE
Chem
ESE
ESE
ESE
Chem
Chem Engg
EE
SoM
Aero
Environ.
IDC
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Prof. K. Chatterjee
Prof. A. M. Kulkarni
Prof. Girish Kumar
Prof. S. Ganguly
Prof. R. Banerjee
Prof. K. Trivedi
Prof. K. Jain
Prof. V. Kathuria
Prof. K. Momaya
Prof. K. Narayanan
Prof. A. Rao
Prof. K. Deb
Prof. R. Bairy
Prof. S. Dattagupta
Prof. Manoj Neergat
Prof. Sudhanshu Mallick
Prof. Pradeep Nair
EE
EE
EE
EE
ESE
IDC
SoM
SoM
SoM
HSS
CTARA
HSS
HSS
EE
ESE
MEMS
EE
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Facilities available to NCPRE include
 Equipment and Facilities purchased through MNRE funding
 Equipment available at the “Centre of Excellence in
Nanoelectronics”
 Equipment available at the “Applied Materials
Nanomanufacturing Laboratory”
 Equipment available in the Power Electronics Laboratory
 Equipment available in the Department of Energy Science &
Engineering
Hot Wire CVD
Plasma CVD
Dielectric Sputter System
E B Evaporation
PVD Endura (AMNL)
LPCVD Furnace
PECVD & Edge Isolation
NCPRE Clean Room
Screen printer
Diffusion Furnace
ALD
NCPRE Characterization Lab
UV-Vis-NIR
Suns Voc and Lifetime
Correscan
Quantum Efficiency
Battery Testing Unit
Glove Box
Battery Testing Unit
More under procurement …
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Programmes at IITB
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Preparation of Course Material
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Course Modules
Laboratory Kits
Teacher Training Programmes
Training “Master Technicians”
Distance Education
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Ph.D.
M.Tech.
M.Sc.
B.Tech.
Minor programme at UG level
Web- and Satellite-based
Post-Graduate Diploma for working professionals
Training programmes for Industry
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Short-term courses
Certificate programmes
Post-Graduate Diploma for working professionals
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Courses taught at IITB being recorded; will be made
available for other institutions:
 EN 207 – Electronic Devices & Circuits
 EE 660 - Application of Power Electronics to Power Systems
 EN640 - Solar Photovoltaics: Fundamental, Technologies and
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Applications
EE 207 - Electronic Devices & Circuits
EN 601 -. Non-conventional Energy Sources
EE 669 – VLSI Technology
EN 703-Advanced Concepts in Solar PV Technologies
EN 705 - Introduction to Energy System & Engineering
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3-5 Short Term Courses offered every year
In Mumbai as well as other locations (eg Jaipur, Hyderabad,
Ahmedabad, etc
Some in collaboration with SEMI, Prayas, GERMI, etc
Course Title
Solar PV power conditioning and balance of system
Grid connected solar PV power system
Thin film solar PV technologies
Solar PV Power Systems: Concepts, Operation & Applications
Grid Connected Solar PV Systems
Frontiers of Excellence in Photovoltaic Science and Technologies (Indo-US)
Solar Photovoltaic Power Plan Design and Installation
Decentralized renewable energy (DRE) systems
Off-grid Solar PV Components and Systems
C-Si Solar Cells and Modules: Theory. Fabrication and Characterization
Dates
24-26 Feb 2011
06-07 May 2011
16-17 Sep. 2011
24-27 Aug, 2011
8-10 Nov, 2011
15-17 Jan, 2012
21-23 Feb, 2012
2-3 Apr, 2012
11-13 Apr, 2012
19-21 Apr, 2012
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“Teach a 1000 Teachers” course on “Solar Photovoltaics:
Fundamentals, Technology and Applications”
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10 day course run during December 12-22, 2011
Over 1000 participants in 35 remote centres across the country
40 lectures plus 10 experiments
Special low-cost PV lab kit developed
Conducted jointly with MHRD’s NMEICT
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Low-cost PV Lab Kit developed
1. Field Characterization of PV Module
2. Series and Parallel Connection of PV Modules
3. Effect of Sun Tracking on Energy Collection by PV modules
4. Carrier Lifetime Measurements of Solar Cells
5. Dark and Illuminated I-V of Solar Cell
6. Effect of Intensity and Temperature on Cell Performance
7. I-V Charac. of Cells Connected in Series and Parallel
8. QE Analysis of Solar Cells
9. PV System Efficiency
10. PV Module and Circuit Simulation
11. PC1D simulation
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Deployed to 35 Remote Centres
To be deployed to 165 other colleges in India
under a separate project from MNRE
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Technician Training Manual for training in Solar
Photovoltaic Technology under preparation
It contains 550 pages
Training manual will be made available in Hindi,
Marathi, Gujarati and English (+ other languages)
Technician Training Kits under preparation
Courses to be run for Master Trainers in cooperation with NITTTR
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Si Solar Cells
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New Materials and Devices
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Luminescence and QD concentrator solar cells
In red: “Specific Deliverables”
Solid State Sensitized Solar Cells
Transparent conducting oxides
Thin film solar cells
Investigation of spectral engineering of light absorption using nanostructures and infrared energy harvesting
Solar PV Systems and Modules
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High Efficiency crystalline Si Solar Cells
3D junctions
Silicon concentrator solar cells
Novel technology for contact formation using temperature sensitive paste
Slicing of silicon wafers for PV applications using wire electric discharge machining (WEDM)
Energy Storage
Low cost power electronics solutions
Novel approaches to energy generation using solar cells
Technology assessment and foresight
Product design; Rural deployment and testing of stand-alone solar PV systems
Characterization, Modelling and Simulation
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Material and cell characterization
Performance and degradation evaluation of solar modules
Reliability and performance
New and improved characterization techniques
Modeling and Simulation
Si Solar Cells
15
2
12
25
20
9
15
6
10
3
5
0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
2
Current (mA/cm )
30
Power (mW/cm )
35
0
0.6
Voltage(V)
Road map for Hi-eff Si solar cells at NCPRE
Texturization
Best cell 2011
Silicon ingot of size 3”
Upper wire guide
Clamp
Silicon ingot
(75 mm square)
All-Si tandem cell
using quantum dots
Silicon wafers cut from
Lower wire guide
Brass wire
ingot by wire-EDM
(Diameter: 100 µm)
Ingot slicing by
WEDM
Machine table
Si Solar Cells
1E13
10000
Qox(cm-2)
R1-R6
1E12
SRV (cm/s)
1000
100
R7
1E11
1E10
1E11
1E12
Dit(ev-1cm-2)
10
1
300 400 500 600 700
800 900
o
Temperature ( C)
Surface Passivation using SiNx
Texturization
Surface Passivation using AlOx
PV-5 /Ag
NP (15s)
3-D Junction by
Laser Doping
Contact by temp
sensitive paste
Plasmonics: Simulation + Experiment
Sheet Resistivity (Ohm-cm)
New Materials and Devices
10
3
10
2
10
1
10
0
@ 125C; 200 Cycle
@ 150C; 200 Cycle
@ 175C; 200 Cycle
10
-1
10
-2
10
-3
0.1,2.5
0.1,0.5
0.5,2.5
0.5,0.5
Precursor Exposure (DEZ,H2O)(x106 L)
ZnO films for transparent oxides
Al or Pt
TiO22
TiO
Ti
Si
MIM based “rectenna”
Luminescent solar cells
Organic PV
New Materials and Devices
ZnO nanorods for sensitized
solar cells
TiO2 nanotubes for
sensitized solar cells
ALD of Molybdenum oxide for
Sensitized solar cells
Solar PV Systems and Modules
Power Electronics: 2-level inverter
Power Electronics: 3-level inverter circuit & waveforms
Circuit Configuration and preliminary hardware for
PV-based Power Generating Unit for Rural Applications
Solar PV Systems and Modules
Li battery for energy storage:
Li2MnO3 based cathode; Sn-graphene anode
Product design: Solar powered
charger for Aakash Tablet
Performance of LiFePO4 cathode-based battery
Rural deployment
strategies
Product design:
Solar powered
Videocallumbrella
Characterization, Modeling & Simulation
Light-induced degradation
(LID) studies
Module cleaning
Module performance
characterization for different
technologies
1
0
(1 - Iph/Iph0)
0.8
-5
0.6
0.4
-10
0.2
0
-15
50
100
Number shaded
150
200
Shadow degradation modeling
SEQUEL
simulation of
shadowing
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Need for strong industry interaction
Industry Affiliate Programme launched in March 2012
All R&D in “pre-competitive” consortium mode, in open domain
Current IAP members include …. (more to join soon)
SunEdison Energy India Private
Ltd.
Maharashtra State Power
Generation Co. Ltd.
Lanco Solar Private Ltd.
Chemtrols Solar Pvt. Ltd.
Eaton Corporation
Waaree Energies Pvt. Ltd
Solar Semiconductor Pvt. Ltd
Solar Integration Systems India
Pvt. Ltd.
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Aim of Indian Nanoelectronics Users’ Programme (INUP) is to
allow users from all over the country to utilize the facilities set up
at IITB
Separate funding for INUP from the government
Proposals evaluated at IITB within 2-4 weeks, work can start
within 4-6 weeks
IITB has had 60 INUP projects from academia, research labs and
industry; over 110 users have used the CEN facilities
Users from academia see no cost to themselves; industry use on
payment
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“Indian Nanoelectronics Users
Programme” (INUP) supported
by DIT has been very successful.
In 3 years:
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59 projects completed or ongoing
20 projects under consideration
113 users
48 papers/presentations
2 patents
Similar Programme for PV ?
RF MEMS Switch
(Jadavpur)
CNT FET
IITGuwahati
NCPRE set up by the Government of India in October 2010
 NCPRE is highly multi-disciplinary
 Both Education and Research emphasized
 50 faculty from 13 Departments at IITB; more faculty specializing
in PV being recruited
 NCPRE to look for strong industry collaborations and relevance;
Industry Affiliate Programme (IAP) in operation
 NCPRE will have strong links with other educational institutions
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Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE)
for support of NCPRE
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Department of Electronics and Information
Technology (DEITy) for support of CEN and INUP
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IIT Bombay for internal funding
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All colleagues at NCPRE