wireless connectivity
June 2016
Marco Rohleder, marco.rohleder@microchip.com
V1.2
The World Today
We are increasingly
connected
60 million
average
photos
per day1
Consumers demand
instant access
500 million
Tweets
created
every day4
15% of global
population are
monthly active
users2
300 hours
of video
uploaded
every
minute 3
1 billion+ hours
TV shows and
movies viewed
each month5
2
Industry Trends
Millions of Smartphones and Growing
Apple‘cool’ factor
Android popularity
Smartphone is the “User Interface”
Connected Accessories that have no display
Common Platform
Upgradability
Advertising opportunities
Standard Communication Protocol
Interoperability
Globally supported
Highest growth market is Home Automation
Bluetooth Opportunity
3
Sensor To Cloud
•Local
Configuration,
Monitoring
•Remote
Configuration,
Monitoring
Cloud
Server Infrastructure
Star
•Ethernet PHY and Switch
•10/100/1000Mbit/s
•IEEE1588
• Ethercat Controllers
Mesh
•Gateway/Bridge to Low Power PAN
• MiWi™, ZigBee®, Thread, 6lowPAN,
Bluetooth Smart, Proprietary
• 433/868/915/2400MHz
•Long Range
•Low Power
Network
4
Varying RequirementsMany Technologies Needed
Bandwidth
Power
Range
Technology
Risk
License
Cost
Open?
Interoperable
WiFi®
Highest
(& flexible)
Flexible
10m
Zero
$5k/yr
Open
Yes
Bluetooth
High
Medium
20m
Zero
$8k/produ
ct
Open
Yes
BT Smart
Medium
Low
50m
Zero
$8k/produ
ct
Open
Yes
ZigBee®
Low
Low
50m+
Medium
$4k/yr
Open
?
Thread
Low
Low
50m+
Medium
$2.5k/yr
Open
Yes
MiWi™
Medium
Low
50m+
Low
Zero
Proprietary
No
SigFox
Lowest
Low
15km
Medium
Zero
Proprietary
Yes
LoRa®
Low
Low
15km
Medium
$3k/yr
Open
Yes
Proprietary
Medium
Low
1k
Low
Zero
Proprietary
No
5
Worldwide Deployment
• 2.4 GHz is the Worldwide Standard
6
All Technologies Covered –
Offering The Right Choice
www.microchip.com/wifi
www.microchip.com/lora
www.microchip.com/bluetooth
www.microchip.com/miwi
www.microchip.com/zigbee
7
Primary Configurations
CONFIGURATIONS
Your Wi-Fi®
Product
Router
Cell Phone
Cloud
Wi-Fi® or
Ethernet
Your ZigBee® or
Sub-GHz Product
Your Ethernet
Product
Gateway
Router
DISADVANTAGES
•
•
Existing Infrastructure
Customer Familiarity
•
•
•
•
•
Power Consumption
Limited Range
Large Stack
Costly Radio
Difficult Setup
•
•
•
•
Smartphone Availability
Low Power
Easy Setup
Native Security
•
•
Limited Range
Royalties
•
•
•
•
•
Light Stack
Multi-Radio Support
Multi-Proto Support
Good Range
Very Low Power
•
Additional
Concentrator
Required
•
•
•
•
Plug-and-Play
Flexible Design
High Bandwidth
Immune to High RF Traffic
•
Cumbersome Wiring
Cloud
Wi-Fi® or
Cell
Your Bluetooth®
Product
ADVANTAGES
Router
Cloud
Cloud
8
Why Wireless?
System cost
Eliminate wires
Ease of Installation
No wiring infrastructure
Portability
Mobile positioning
Freedom and Flexibility
9
Business Concerns:
To add wireless:
• RF Design expertise
•
Not Digital, Not Analog, It’s RF!
• Expensive RF Lab equipment
• Agency Regulations
•
FCC, ETSI, IC
Microchip GOAL: Make it Easy!
10
The Benefits of Modules
“Makes RF Digital”
Provides optimized RF performance
Reduces Risk
Pre-certified modules save $$$ and time to market
Save Money and Faster time to market
Improves system quality
Proven Designs
Path to Cost Reduce Chip Down
Chip down support
Saves Time and Money / Reduces Risk
11
Chip or Module ?
•
Requirements Dictating a Chip Design
• Form factor (in extreme cases)
• Long design cycle is acceptable
• Very high volume, where optimized BOM out-weighs R&D investment and timescales
• > 200k per annum
• RF design experience is essential
• RF Test Equipment available
• Protocol stack experience is essential
• Conformance & certification experience is essential
• Specialist R&D & production line test equipment is essential
•
Requirements Dictating a Module Design
• Low to medium volume, where R&D investment and TTM is the priority
• < 200k per annum
• Where ever the application platform is decoupled from the wireless technology
• i.e. multiple derivatives with WiFi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, LoRa etc
• Prototypes or trials, where there is technology or commercial risk
• Go to market quickly with a module solution, convert to an optimised chip design when
proven
12
Economics Example
$2,000
Chipset
Module
Cost / Profit ($K)
$1,500
$1,000
$500
$0
0
6
12
18
24
30
36
Timeline (Months)
-$500
13
Economics Example
14
Standard Compliance &
Certifications
Alliance Testing
• Ensures interoperability and quality
•
assurance
Products are tested against standards
Radio
Certifications
• Additional product level testing may be required for other countries
• Microchip modules have modular certifications
• Can be used by customers
• Customers still need to do safety and immunity testing
Modular-compliance and certifications save customers time and money!
www.microchip.com/wirelesscertifications
15
Target Applications
Home and Building Automation
Fire and Security
Comfort and Control
Industrial Automation
Human to Machine Interface
Machine to Machine Communication
Sensors
Instrumentation
Health Care
Telecare
16
Target Applications
Smart Appliances
Washing Machines
Ovens
Refrigeration
In Home Controls
Thermostats
HVAC
17
Target Applications
Lighting
Fluorescent Ballasts
HID Ballasts
LED Ballasts
Lighting Control
Metering
Electricity Meters
Gas and Water Meters
Data Concentrators
In-Home Display Units
18
Key Priorities
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Security
Radio Range
Power Consumption
Interference
Data Rate
Antenna Size
Standard vs. Proprietary
19
Microchip Wireless Portfolio
Protocol
Markets
Market
Driver
Network
Stack
Frequency
Embedded
Wi-Fi
IEEE 802.11
Widespread
Commercial
Industrial
Internet
TCP/IP
2.4GHz
Embedded
Bluetooth
IEEE
802.15.1
Widespread
Commercial
Industrial
Smartphone
BT v2.1,
BT Audio,
BTLE
2.4GHz
Embedded
Wireless
Proprietary
or IEEE
802.15.4
Vertical
HA, SEP,
Sensors
Cost
Local Network
MiWi, LoRa,
ZigBee,
RF4CE
Sub-GHz &
2.4GHz
Technology
20
Embedded Wi-Fi Overview
Higher Bandwidths - WiFi
• The primary choice where high bandwidth is needed
– 1 to 72.2 Mbps
• Ubiquitous infrastructure available in homes, office, communal spaces
• Well established technology with close to zero risk
– Globally adopted
– Many suppliers
• Interoperability is 99% perfect
• Seamless integration with IP and cloud infrastructure
• Low-power variants are possible when high bandwidth not needed
• Strong security options by default
22
Wi-Fi Network Types
Infrastructure:
Client nodes communicate via an
access point
Most common, like connecting your PC
to a home network
Adhoc/Wi-Fi Direct:
Point-to-Point connections
Android unsupported (adhoc)
Apple unsupported (Wi-Fi Direct)
SoftAP/LimitedAP:
Module “behaves” like limited AP
AP module is network coordinator
Same experience regardless of platform
23
Wi-Fi Network Types
EZConfig Webserver configuration
• Browser Interface
• Via SoftAP
• Configure and connect to
infrastructure
• SoftAP provides universal experience
•
regardless of platform
Command Line Interface
• UART interface from Telnet host
• Useful for “utility products”
• Host Microcontroller Control
24
Security and Authentication
WEP:
Wired Equivalent Privacy
• 1999-2003, considered obsolete
• Prohibited by ‘Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council’ since 2008
WPAv1:
•
•
•
•
Wi-Fi Protected Access (v1)
A trimmed down 802.11i
Uses TKIP end-to-end encryption
8-64 Hexadecimal key, longer keys increase complexity
Not recommended – but reasonable security
WPAv2:
Wi-Fi Protected Access (v2)
• AES-CCMP algorithm is mandatory 256bit key
• Considered very secure
WPA/WPA2 Enterprise:
•
•
•
•
•
Corporate level security additions to WPA/WPA2
Complex implementation
Part of AAA security (users and access qualified and audited)
Adds authentication to WPAv2, only used for connection
Not a protocol but a methodology – many different methods
25
SSL/TLS Authentication &
Key Management
• For TCP/IP Communications SSL/TLS is essential
• Microchip recommends and uses WolfSSL
• Provide SSL/TLS solutions targeted at small memory footprint
•
embedded systems
Features
• Supports upto TLS 1.2, DTLS 1.2
• Supports variety of Ciphers and PKI capabilities
• Small footprint – 20 -100kB Flash, 1-36kB RAM
• 20x smaller than OpenSSL
• Clear Licence - GPLv2/Commercial
ECC508A
• Secure, Reliable Key Management Critical
• Managing creation, deployment and validation of keys is
•
•
•
•
MCU
Customer App
(D)TLS Stack
RTOS
vital
Poor Key Management = Poor Security
Atmel ECC508A Crypto Authentication companion IC provides
mechanism to safely create, deploy and manage keys
Helps build chain of trust for embedded IoT systems
Reduces operational burden of key management and security
during manufacture
26
Wi-Fi Product Portfolio
PIC32WK Wi-Fi
PIC32WK
Wi-FiSeries
Series
and Atmel SAMW25
TCP/IP stack on module
(Simple ASCII interface)
TCP/IP stack located in
PIC® MCU
Require external MCU/MPU
TCP/IP stack + App
on same IC
No MCU Required
MRF: TCP/IP stack located in
PIC® MCU
RN: TCP/IP stack on module
•
Simple ASCII interface = less
development
•
Provides complex IP services out of
box
•
Works with any MCU vendor
•
Works with PIC MCUs
(8, 16, 32 bit)
(4, 8, 16 & 32 bit)
•
•
Data to WiFi
Extendable TCP/IP stack for
additional services
27
Cloud (Amazon) Dev Kit
Runs Amazon Machine Image (AMI) for out-of-the-box cloud functionality
28
Bluetooth Smart Overview
Bluetooth Smart
(formerly BT Low Energy)
•
•
•
•
A new radio, new protocol stack, new profile architecture and a new
qualification regime
It’s designed to run from coin cells and support an Apps Store model
It is a radio standard for a new decade, enabling the “Internet of Things”
Features:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Designed to be LOWEST cost and EASY to implement
For Bluetooth low energy, data throughput is not a meaningful parameter
•
•
•
2.4 GHz ISM band,2 M symbols/s, GFSK
2 MHz channel spacing, with frequency hopping
Mostly new PHY; some parts derived from the Basic Rate (BR) radio
New advertising mechanism, for ease of discovery & connection
Asynchronous connection-less MAC: used for low latency, fast transactions (e.g. 3ms from start to finish)
New Generic Attribute Profile to simplify devices and the software that uses them
Asynchronous Client / Server architecture
It does not support streaming
It has a data rate of 1Mbps, but is not optimized for file transfer
It is designed for sending small chunks of data (exposing state)
30
Application Examples
In-door Position Navigation
Home Automation & Security
Health Care / Fitness
Mobile POS & ID
31
Classic or BLE ?
General
BT
Smart
Ready
(aka
Dual)
BT
Smart
(aka
BLE)
BT
Classic
iOS
Android
Pro – Apple ‘Wow’ factor
Con - <20% Global Market Share
Con – iAP Device May be Needed
Con – iOS Limits Functionality
Pro - >80% Global Market Share
Pro – No iAP Required
Con - <20% Global Market Share
Pro – No iAP Device Needed
Pro – Supported from iPhone 4S
/ iPad3
Pro – Low Power (Phone/Tablet
and end device)
Con – Limited support before v4.4
Con – Large Legacy <v4.4 user base
Pro – Low Power (Phone/Tablet and
end device)
Pro – Supported in all iOS
devices
Con – iAP Device Required
Pro – Higher Data Rates
Con – Higher Power –v- BT
Smart
Pro – Supported in almost all Android
Phones/Tablets
Pro – Higher Data Rates
Con – Higher Power –v- BT Smart
32
Beacons
• Microchips BLE IC’s and Modules are
capable of supporting iBeacon &
Eddystone™
• These standard beacons are provisioned at a
particular spot (like a coat rack in a retail store)
iBeacon
• When you approach the beacon it invokes an
application (such as a loyalty app) on your phone.
• The app can then communicate with the cloud and log Eddystone™
that you are in the particular retail store and send you
offers and incentive coupons.
• There is no two-way communication with the beacon!
33
Beacon Things
Beacon
Detected
Beacon & Connect
Advertisements
Application
is Invoked
User is Authenticated
It’s me Olivier!
Auto Retrieval of info
Weight, Body Composition, etc.
Improved User Experience
34
Bluetooth Mesh ( coming soon )
Advertising Based Flood Mesh Network
Defined packet format, simple addressing
Simple protocols for control / state information
Flood routing – dumb relay
Easy / fast to market
20 ºC
20 ºC
20 ºC
20 ºC
20 ºC
20 ºC
20 ºC
20 ºC
20 ºC
20 ºC
20 ºC
35
Miniature Module Solutions
• Complete solution
•
•
Stack onboard
Shielded with Antenna options
•
•
•
•
UART command interface
Bluetooth® 4.2 compliant
Bluetooth SIG certified
International regulatory
certifications
• Migrate easily
6mm
BM71
Available
Nov ‘15
8mm
• BM70 is footprint compatible
with the Dual-mode BM77
• Window’s based
configuration tool
36
Tiny Size
Size down to:
11,5 x 9,0 x 2,1 mm
8,0 x 6,0 x 1,6 mm
( shielded, with antenna )
( without shield, without antenna )
37
Onboard Peripherals
• GPIO
( up to 17 channels )
• PWM
( resolution up to 62ns, 4 channels )
•
A/D
( 10 bit, up to 7 channels )
• I2C-Interface
directly interface to EEPROM,
I/O Expander, D/A converter …
38
MLDP Transparent UART
• With MLDP it is possible to
create a transparent UART
connection between two
devices over the air
• Data Rate up to
3 kByte/s (secured) or
7 kByte/s (unsecured)
39
BLE PICtail™
• PICtail enables an easy way to
connect BLE Module to PC
• No need for first prototype board
• Only Terminal Program needed
• Start testing and developing in
just 5mins
40
Scripting Engine
• By using the integrated scripting engine, it is
possible to implement basic operations without
need for a Host CPU.
• Scripting engine is event driven and can perform
the same commands as the ASCII type UART
Interface
@TMR1
$VAR1 = SHR,000b
[,2,$VAR1,ff,ff,00,00,00
$VAR1 = SHR,000f
[,7,$VAR1,ff,01,00,01,02
SM,2,00050000
@DISCON
A
41
Introduction to
®
LoRa Technology
What is LoRa® Technology?
A combination of two major concepts:
• LoRa spread spectrum modulation
• Provides the core long range capability
Up to 5km range in urban environment, up to 15km suburban
• Gateway baseband allows parallel receive channels
• LoRaWANTM network protocol stack
• Provides the cellular network (aka large-star topology)
• Promotes a subscription-based business model
• Microchip developed/owns/maintains LoRaWAN for our end-node
43
What is LoRaWANTM Protocol?
(WAN = Wide Area Network)
•
•
•
A Large-Scale, Secured, Cellular style Network
Bi-directional comms, with ACK
Designed for low data-rate (~100bps), low duty-cycle
(~10mins), high capacity (~100k nodes) & long battery life
(~10yrs)
• Developed, maintained and promoted by the LoRaTM Alliance
• Deployable as both public or private networks
• Scalable from a single gateway to national coverage
True Location
Bidirectional
Global Mobility
Security
In/out door
Bidirectional
True Mobility
Unique ID
Accurate
Scalable Capacity
Seamless
Application Key
Broadcast
Roaming
Network Key
44
LoRa® Modulation
Advantages
Demodulate -21dB below noise floor
Better sensitivity than FSK
More robust to interference, noise, and jamming
Spreading codes orthogonal – multiples signals
-138dBm
can occupy same channel
145
LoRa
140
135
s e n s it iv it y (d B m )
130
125
120
115
110
GFSK
105
100
95
3
10
4
10
bits/sec
5
10
45
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
Modulation Settings for Europe
0
1
2
3
FSK
LoRa Modulation
12
11
10
9
Data Rate (DR)
4 5 6 7
--
Spreading Factor (SF)
250 --
Bandwidth (BW) (kHz)
8 7 7
125
Modulation
50K
10937
Bitrate (BR) (bps)
5468
3125
1757
292
537
-137
-135
-120
-123
-122
976
-126
-129
-132
Receive Sensitivity (dBm)
Range
46
LoRaWAN™: Adaptive Data Rate
2D case, flat landscape
2D simulation (flat environment)
14km
10km
8km 6km 4km
Avg bitrate ~1300bps
290bps
SF12
530
970
11
10
9
8 7
47
Microchip LoRa® Module Provides
•
-148 dBm
Long range and low power
Sensitivity *
At +14dbm output power, 868MHz:
• In Sub-GHz: >5km dense urban, >15km suburban, 80km VLOS
-125 dBm
-100 dBm
-90 dBm
FSK
•
Robust communication
• Not susceptible to interference from Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, GSM, LTE
•
High accuracy localization and ranging
• Modulation format permits high accuracy localization
• Not RSSI based and accounts for multi-path and fading
• Permits high value additional features
•
Improved network capacity
• Connect more nodes
• Additional capacity for features
48
LoRaWAN™:
Low-Power Cellular for Smart Cities
Monitoring/ Control
Light Control
Smart Energy
Smart Agriculture
Smart City
Smart Home and Security
49
Supports Private Networks
Scalable & Flexible Architecture
• Private Network
• Individually managed deployment, total end-to-end ownership
• Public Network
• Telco operator managed networks, servicing subscriber nodes
• Hybrid Network
• Enterprise deployment of Nodes & Gateways, for specific area coverage
• Provisioned to a commercial LoRaWAN™ server product
End Devices
Products with Microchip
LoRaWAN Modem
Own Network Software / Servers
LoRaWAN Gateways
LoRaWAN
Network Server
50
Supports Private Networks
Scalable & Flexible Architecture
• Private Network
• Individually managed deployment, total end-to-end ownership
• Public Network
• Telco operator managed networks, servicing subscriber nodes
• Hybrid Network
• Enterprise deployment of Nodes & Gateways, for specific area coverage
• Provisioned to a commercial LoRaWAN™ server product
End Node Subscribers
Products with Microchip
LoRaWAN Modem
Telco Operator
LoRaWAN Gateways
LoRaWAN
Network Server
51
Supports Private Networks
Scalable & Flexible Architecture
• Private Network
• Individually managed deployment, total end-to-end ownership
• Public Network
• Telco operator managed networks, servicing subscriber nodes
• Hybrid Network
• Enterprise deployment of Nodes & Gateways, for specific area coverage
• Provisioned to a commercial LoRaWAN™ server product
End Devices connect to own gateways
Products with Microchip
LoRaWAN Modem
LoRaWAN Gateways
Managed Back-end
LoRaWAN
Network Server
52
LoRa® Technology Benefits
Key Features
168dBm link budget (-148dBm sensitivity,
+20dBm Tx @ 900MHz)
Customer Benefit
Longest range
Jamming resistant – tolerant to burst
interference
>100dB blocking
Robust links and network
efficiency
Multiple Nodes on same channel (CDMA)
Insensitive to XTAL offsets (no TCXO)
Lower system cost
Long Range - Eliminates need for repeaters
10mA RX current, nA sleep current
Extended battery lifetime
53
LoRaWANTM Module
Features
General Features:
LoRa
UART
Integrated Radio and PIC® MCU
RN Type Module
Complete LoRaWAN Class A Stack on Board
Simple ASCII command through UART I/F
Easy configuration
Quick time to market
Works with any application MCU
Supply voltage: 2.1V-3.6V
Sleep current of ~1uA
14x GPIOs
Module size 26.67 x 17.78 x
3.18mm
54
LoRaWANTM Motes
55
LoRa® Evaluation Kit
56
Summary
Microchip is the leader in low power
embedded Wireless solutions
Focused on embedded Wi-Fi, BT, IEEE
802.15.4 & SubGHz
Ease of use and globally certified
modules
57
Thank You
Note: The Microchip name and logo, dsPIC, MPLAB and PIC are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Inc. in the U.S.A. and other countries.
MiWi, PICDEM and PICtail are trademarks of Microchip Technology Inc. in the U.S.A. and other countries.
All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies.