Chapter 21
Electrical Charge and Coulomb’s Law
Objectives
1.
To understand the differences between conductors and insulators.
2.
To understand Coulomb's law for two charged particles.
F 
k q1 q2
rˆ
r2
3.
To understand how to use Coulomb's law and the superposition principle to find the
net force on a charge in the presence of several other charges using vector addition.
4.
To understand charge quantization and charge conservation.
Chapter 22
Electric Fields
Objectives
1. Electric fields
A. To understand the definition and utility of E-fields
B. To understand how to calculate E-fields for one point charge and several point
charges.
E


i
k qi
rˆ
ri 2
C. To understand how to calculate E-fields for continuous charge distributions.
E  k
rˆ dq
r2
(1) Line of charge
dq =  dl
 = charge/length
dl = small length
(2) Surface charge
dq =  dA
 = charge/area
dA = small area
2. Charge in an E-field
A. To understand the effect of an E-field on a point charge.
F
 qE
F
 ma
B. To understand the effect of an E-field on a dipole.
  p  E
U 
p E
Chapter 23
Gauss’ Law
Objectives
1.
To understand the concept of electric flux.
 
2.
E  d A
To understand Gauss' law

E dA

closed
surface
3.
Qe
0
To understand how to apply Gauss' law to:
A.
Conductors
B.
Charge distributions with planar symmetry
C.
Charge distributions with spherical symmetry
D.
Charge distributions with cylindrical symmetry
Chapter 24
Electric Potential
Objectives
1.
Electric Potential Energy
A.
To understand the definition of potential energy
b
  F ds
U
a
B.
To understand how to obtain potential energy for 2 point charges
U
C.
k q1 q2
r

To understand how to calculate the energy required to assemble a group of
point charges
U 

k qi q j
all
pairs
2.
rij
Electric Potential
A.
To understand the definition of electric potential
V

U
q
b
  E  ds
a
B.
To understand how to calculate the electric potential for different
arrangements of point charges.
(1) One point charge V

(2) Several point charges V
kq
r


i
(3) Dipole V

k p cos
r2
k qi
ri
C.
To understand how to calculate the electric potential for a continuous charge
distribution
V
D.
3.


k dq
r
To understand how to draw equipotential surfaces for a charge distribution
To understand how to calculate the E-field if the potential is known.
Ex
 
dV
dx
Chapter 26
Current and Resistance
Objectives:
1.
To understand the definition of current and current density.
dq
dt
I
J
A
i
2.
To understand how to obtain the drift velocity for charges moving through a metal.
J  q N vd
3.
To understand Ohm’s law.
J  E
V  IR
4.
To understand how to calculate the resistance of a wire.
R
5.
L
A
To understand the concept of electrical energy and power
P  V I  I2 R 
6.
V2
R
To understand the temperature dependence of resistance and superconductivity.
  0 1   T  T0 
Chapter 27
Circuits
Objectives:
1.
To understand the concept of electromotive force and internal resistance.
2.
To understand how to calculate the current in a simple circuit:   I R
3.
To understand how to find single equivalent resistance for series and parallel
combinations:
Rs  R1  R2  R3    
1
1
1
1



  
Rp R1 R2 R3
4.
To understand how to apply Kirchoff’s rules to multiloop circuits.
5.
To understand the principles for household wiring.
6.
To understand the dangers of electricity and the principles for the safe use of
electricity.
Chapter 28
Magnetic Fields
Objectives:
1.
To understand the properties of a magnetic field
2.
To understand the combined effect of an electric and a magnetic field on a
charged particle (the Lorentz force):
3.
F  q E  qv  B
To understand the motion of a particle in a magnetic field.
mv
qB
qB

m
R
4.
5.
To understand the application of the Lorentz force to various devices:
E
B
A.
Velocity selector v 
B.
Mass spectrometer R 
C.
Cyclotron
D.
Magnetic Mirrors and Bottles
v max 
mv
qB
qBR
m
To understand the magnetic force exerted on a wire with current
dF  I d B
F  I LB
6.
To understand the torque exerted on a current loop
  N I A Bsin
   B
Chapter 29
Magnetic Fields due to Currents
Objectives:
1.
To understand how to use the Biot-Savart Law to calculate magnetic fields
dB 
2.
To understand the force exerted between two parallel wires carrying current
F
3.
0 I ds rˆ
4 r2
 0 I1 I2 L
2 b
To understand Ampere’s Law
 Bds  
0
Ie
closed
path
4.
To understand how to use Ampere’s law to calculate magnetic fields for different
geometries
 I
B 0
a.
Long straight wire:
2 R
 NI
B 0
b.
Toroid
2 R
B  0 N I
c.
Solenoid
Chapter 30
Faraday’s Law of Induction
Objectives:
1. To understand how a current is created when a rectangular loop of wire moves
through a magnetic field.
2. To understand the meaning of flux:
   BdA
3. To understand the source and meaning of Faraday’s law:
 
d
dt
4. To understand how to use Lentz’s law to determine the direction of current.
5. To understand how to calculate the amount of induced current in a loop of wire when
the flux through the loop is changing.
6. To understand how to obtain the electric field (magnitude and direction) created by a
changing magnetic field:
 E ds  
d
dt
Chapter 32
Maxwell’s Equations
Objectives:
1.
To understand Gauss’ law for magnetism:
 BdA  0
closed
surface
2.
To understand the lack of symmetry between Faraday’s law and Ampere’s law.
3.
To understand the term that Maxwell added to Ampere’s law.
4.
To Understand Maxwell’s equations:

EdA 
closed
surface
 BdA  0
qe
0
Gauss
Gauss
closed
surface
d B
dt

E ds  

Bd s  0 ie  0  0
closed
path
closed
path
Faraday
d E
dt
Amper e
Chapter 33
Electromagnetic Waves
Objectives:
1.
To understand the source of electromagnetic waves and the different parts of the
electromagnetic spectrum: c  f 
2.
To understand how a polarizing filter works: I  I0 cos2 
3.
To understand the wave nature of light and the ray description.
4.
Reflection and Refraction
a.
To understand the definition and meaning of the index of refraction: n 
b.
c.
To understand the law of reflection:  1   2
To understand the law of refraction: n1 sin1   n2 sin2 
To understand total internal reflection and how to calculate the critical
angle: n1 sinc   n2
d.
e.
To understand how light gets polarized by reflection: tan B  
n2
n1
c
v
Chapter 34
Images
Objectives:
1.
Plane Mirrors
a.
2.
Spherical mirrors
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
3.
To understand the difference between real and virtual images.
R
To understand the role and location of the focal point: f 
2
To understand the idea of ray tracing and the 4 rays which can be used to find
images.
To understand how to determine and use the idea of the R-side and V-side for
mirrors.
1 1 1
To understand how to use the mirror equation:  
i o
f
i
To understand how to determine magnification: m  
o
To understand the sign conventions.
Thin Lenses
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
4.
To understand the location and description of images formed by
mirrors: o  i
To understand the two types of lenses - convex and concave.
To understand how to use ray tracing to find the location and types of images
for both kinds of lenses.
To understand how to use the Lens Maker's equation to find the focal lengths of
 1 1 
1
a lens:
 N 1   
f
r1 r2 
1 1 1
To understand how to use the lens equation:  
i o
f
To understand the R-side and V-side for lenses and the corresponding
sign convention.
Optical Instruments
a.
b.
c.
To understand how a magnifying glass works and how to determine the
25
magnification: m 
f
To understand the principle of operation for a slide projector, camera and eye.
To understand the defects of the eye and the type of lens required to correct the
defect (near sighted - diverging; far sighted - converging).
d.
To understand how a compound microscope works and how to determine the
25 s
magnification: m  
fo f e
e.
To understand how a telescope works and how to determine the magnification:
f
m o
fe
Chapter 35
Interference
Objectives:
1.
To understand the wave nature of light:
c f
c
v
n
v  f n
n 

n
2.
To understand how single slit diffraction demonstrates the wave nature of light.
2.
To understand Huygens's principle and how it can be used to derive the laws of
reflection and refraction.
3.
To understand how double slit diffraction produces bright and dark spots:
d sin   m  Maximum
4.

1
d sin   m   Minimum

2 
To understand how to calculate intensities for double slit diffraction
I  4 I0 cos2

5.
2

 
2 
d sin 
To understand constructive and destructive interference for thin films
1

2 n2 L  m   Cons tructive

2 
2 n2 L  m  Destructive
6.
To understand how the Michelson interferometer works
N
2L

N2  N 
no film
2L

n 1 with film