Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU
PREPARED?
Tuesday, June 14, 2016 - 8:30am-9:45am, Clark, Lower Level
Presented by:
Joe Schommer, Senior Accounts Manager, RESA Power
Jake Jacobson, Facilities Program Manager, Facilities Construction & Management, Utah Administrative Services
The world of electrical hazards, protection and accident prevention can be a confusing place. Hundreds of deaths and
thousands of injuries can be avoided each year by following the NFPA 70E: Standard for Electrical Safety in the
Workplace. Be prepared by arming yourself with the knowledge of the types of electrical hazards and the effects of
electrical shock from a 20-year electrical maintenance industry veteran. This session will identify the need for electrical
safety as well as electrical maintenance and safety programs. Attendees will learn about arc flash hazard risk
assessment, personal protective equipment (PPE) and shock and arc flash approach boundaries. Reduce your liability
concerns while establishing a culture of safe work practices among employees after attending this session.
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
JOE SCHOMMER has been involved in the electrical maintenance and testing industry for over 20 years. Starting as a
field service technician and progressing through the disciplines, Joe has experienced the importance of maintenance and
acceptance testing and how these practices improve reliability and ultimately safety within your electrical distribution
system. Joe brings practical application experience for improving the safety of your facility by adhering to NETA and the
NFPA 70E guidelines, merging electrical safety with electrical maintenance.
JAKE JACOBSON is a Facilities Operations and Maintenance Program Manager for the State of Utah Division of
Facilities Construction and Management. He has been in this position for 13 years and worked his way through the
organization in several different roles. The Division Operates and maintains properties throughout Utah, Jake's role is to
administer this program and insure the safety of the tenants and the 130 plus employees employed by DFCM throughout
the state His back ground prior to working for the State was as an Electrical and Mechanical Contractor working in a
variety of different areas Including commercial and Industrial processing. He has been a Master Electrician in the State of
Utah for 26 years and has been involved with a variety of types and needs for Electrical work.
Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED?
Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED?
Parts of 70E have been around since 1979/1981. OSHA actually adopted new regulations on safe electrical work practices in 1990 based on 70E. However, the reason we’re just now talking about 70E is because the NEC (National Electrical Code) and OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) have both started referring to it in their documents, and citations are now being written on 70E.
In September 1999 a major U.S. corporation experienced an electrical accident that resulted in serious burn injuries to an electrical apprentice employee. OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) investigated the accident and issued a number of citations. The employer challenged the citations and the disagreement ended up before the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission.
Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
As a part of the citation OSHA contended that the employer violated a federal regulation because it did not provide or require that its electricians wear appropriate flame‐resistant or retardant personal protection, specifically, flame‐resistant coveralls and insulated gloves. OSHA also contended that the employer violated a regulation when I did not provide or require that its electricians wear appropriate face protection.
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED?
In the settlement the employer agreed to develop hazard analyses in accordance with the personal protective equipment provisions contained in NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) 70E. OSHA agreed that given the present state of its standards and regulations, the hazard analyses would achieve compliance with their requirements.
OSHA has not adopted NFPA 70E, and does not mandate 70E compliance, yet you can be cited for non‐compliance!!
Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
Before attempting to address the questions concerning compliance, it is important to understand what is the
“General Duty Clause” ‐
In 29 CFR 1910.2(g) a National Consensus Standard is defined as a standard that is developed by the same persons it affects and then is adopted by a nationally recognized organization. Some examples of organizations that publish
national consensus standards include:
NFPA, ASTM and ANSI
Section 5.(a)(1) within the ACT: Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970
5. Duties
(a) Each employer
(1) Shall furnish to each of his employees and place of employment which are free from recognized
hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees;
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED?
Section 5(a)(1) has become known as
“The General Duty Clause”.
It is a catch all for citations if OSHA identifies unsafe conditions to which a regulation does not exist. In practice, OSHA, court precedent, and the review commission have established that if the following elements are present, a “general duty clause” citation may be issued.
Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
1) The employers failed to keep the workplace free of a hazard to which employees of that Employer were exposed.
2) The hazard was recognized. (Examples might include: through your safety personnel, employees, organization, trade organization or industry customs).
3) The hazard was causing or was likely to cause death or serious physical harm.
4) There was a feasible and useful method to correct the hazard.
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED?
Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED?
Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED?
Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED?
Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED?
Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED?
Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED?
Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED?
Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED?
Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
A greater
proportion of
injuries occurred
six or more hours
into shift
(32%)
Percent
Percent
Of
Workforce
Hours into shift
Years of experience
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED?
Electrical Shock
 Electrocution
 Internal and external burns
Arc Flash
Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
 Electrocution is the FOURTH highest cause of industrial fatalities
 The National Safety council estimates 1000 fatalities each year are due to electrocution, more than half of them while servicing energized systems of less than 600 volts
Flash Boundary
WARNING LABEL
Provides
Boundary
information
 Potentially severe external burns
Arc Blast
 Pressure and sound waves
 Shrapnel (in excess of 700 MPH)
 Over 30,000 non‐fatal electrical shock accidents occur each year
Restricted
Limited
 Most of the deaths and injuries that occurred could have been avoided
Limited
Restricted
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED?
Nominal System Voltage
(Phase to Phase)
50 V ‐150 V
151 V – 750 V
751V ‐
15kV
15.1kV‐
36kV
36.1kV‐
46kV
From a
Moveable
Conductor
3 m (10 ft 0 in.)
3 m (10 ft 0 in.)
3 m (10 ft 0 in.)
3 m (10 ft 0 in.)
3 m (10 ft 0 in.)
From a
Fixed
Conductor
1 m
(3 ft. 6 in.)
1 m
(3 ft. 6 in.)
1.5 m
(5 ft. 0 in.)
1.8 m
(6 ft. 0 in.)
2.5 m
(8 ft. 0 in.)
Limited
Approach
Boundary
Distance
(L)
Unqualified individual(s) shall be advised by the qualified
person of the electrical hazard and warned to stay outside the
limited approach boundary
An approach limit at a distance from an exposed energized electrical conductor or circuit part within which a shock hazard exists.
To cross the Limited Approach Boundary and enter the limited space a person should meet the following criteria:
1. Be “Qualified” to perform the job/task. 2. Be able to identify the hazards and associated risks with the tasks to be performed.
Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
An Approach limit at a distance from an exposed live part within which there is increased risk of shock due of electrical arc‐over
Nominal System Voltage
(Phase to Phase)
Includes Inadvertent
Movement Adder
50 V-150V
151 V 750 V
751 V 15kV
15.1kV 36kV
36.1 kV 46kV
Avoid
Contact
.3 m
(1 ft. 0 in.)
.7 m
(2 ft. 2 in.)
.8 m
(2 ft. 7 in.)
.8 m
(2 ft. 9 in.)
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED?
An approach limit at a distance from an exposed energized electrical conductor or circuit part, within which there is an increased risk of shock due to electrical arc over combined with inadvertent movement, for personnel working in close proximity to the energized electrical conductor or circuit part.
To cross the Restricted Approach Boundary and enter the restricted space, qualified persons should meet the following criteria:
1. Have an energized electrical work permit authorized by management. 2. Use personal protective equipment (PPE) that is rated for the voltage and energy level involved.
3. Minimize the likelihood of bodily contact with exposed energized conductors and circuit parts from inadvertent movement.
4. Use insulated tools. 35,000 °F
Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
Molten Metal
Pressure Waves
Sound Waves
Shrapnel
Copper Vapor:
Solid to Vapor
Expands by
67,000 times
Hot Air-Rapid Expansion
Intense Light
 One of the hottest things on earth
 Size of arc is independent of voltage
 Amount of short circuit current available determines size of arc
 Responsible for about 75% of all industrial electrical injuries
 Arcs on low voltage systems can be just as dangerous as arcs on medium & high voltage systems
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED?
Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
To work within the
 Trained and knowledgeable in the construction and operation of equipment or specific work method
Flash Boundary
Warning Label
provides boundary information.
 Able to recognize and avoid electrical hazards
Restricted
 Distinguish exposed energized parts from other parts
 Determine nominal voltage
 May be qualified with respect to certain equipment and methods but unqualified for others.
Limited
You must be trained to:
 Determine approach distances
 Determine degree and extent of hazard and PPE required.
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED?
Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
>740 mph
1000° C
 480 Volt System
 6‐Cycle Arcing Fault (0.1 sec)
IR
165 db
15000° C
Visible
UV
Shrapnel
2000 psf
50 cal/cm2
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED?
Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED?
Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
 NFPA 70E – 2015 Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace  Sets the requirements for Safe Work Practices
 Establishes the requirements for: ●
●
●
●
●
Shock Hazards Boundaries
Arc Flash Boundaries
Incident Energy
Methods of calculations for Arc Flash Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED?
Based on Maintained Equipment!!
(70E-130.5)
● Determines Trip Time for Each Protective Device based on Arcing Fault Current
● Calculates Incident Energy at Working Distance
● Calculates Arc Flash Boundary
● Determines Required PPE
● Is Used to Generate Warning Labels
Part of the Electrical Safety Program should include:
Article 110 General Requirements for Electrical Safety‐Related Work Practices.
– 110.1 Electrical Safety Program
• (B) Maintenance. The electrical safety program shall include elements that consider condition of maintenance of electrical equipment and systems.
Article 205 General Maintenance Requirements.
– 205.3 General Maintenance Requirements
• Electrical equipment shall be maintained in accordance with manufacturers’ instructions or industry consensus standards to reduce the risk associated with failure. The equipment owner or the owner’s designated representative shall be responsible for maintenance of the electrical equipment and documentation.
Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
Informational Note:
Common industry practice is to apply test or calibration decals to equipment to indicate the test or calibration date and overall condition of equipment that has been tested and maintained in the field. These decals provide the employee immediate indication of last maintenance date and if the tested device or system was found acceptable on the date of test. This local information can assist the employee in the assessment of overall electrical equipment maintenance status.
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED?
Infrared Inspection
Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
MCB
LVB
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED?
LVB
Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
Switch
Disconnects
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED?
Liquid Filled Transformer
Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
DRY TYPE
TRANSFORMERS
Arc Flash Situation:
● 20,000‐amp short‐circuit
● 480 volts
● 3‐inch arch gap
● The worker is 18 inches from the arc
● With a 5 cycle clearing time for a 3‐phase arc, incident energy is 3.79 cal/cm2 – Category 2
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED?
 Due to a sticky mechanism, with a 30 cycle clearing time
 Incident energy is 38.64 cal/cm2 – Category 4
 The worker could be seriously injured because he/she was under protected
 Most common cause of opening delay
 Improper lubrication of circuit breakers
 Maintenance is extremely important to an electrical safety program
Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
Arc Rating of FR Clothing and Equipment must match the Arc Flash Exposure Level
Arc Flash Exposure
80 cal/cm2
Arc Rating of Clothing
(2 FR Layers)
Arc Rating
21cal/cm2
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED?
Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
WHY NOT WEAR CONVENTIONAL WORK CLOTHES?
Everyday fabrics can ignite, burn and melt
when exposed to an Electric Arc
Cotton, wool, silk are flammable but don’t melt Polyester, Nylon, Polypropylene MELT AND BURN
When Conventional
Clothing Ignites…
Clothed areas can be
Burned more severely
Than exposed skin If everyday fabric does ignite and burn. It can significantly
increase the extent of a worker’s burn injury.
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED?
Items NOT to be Worn:
• Conductive jewelry and clothing such as:
• Watchbands, bracelets, rings, metal earrings, necklaces, metallized aprons
• Clothes with conductive threads
• Metal headgear
• Metal framed safety glasses
ASTM Arc Rated Clothing Labeling:
Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
Step 1: Conduct Arc Flash Risk Assessment
Step 2: Reduce Hazards Where Possible
●
●
●
●
●
●
Manufacturer & manufacturer tracking code
Care Instructions
Fabric fiber content
Garment size
Meets ASTM F1506 Fire Retardant Standards
Lists ATPV (Arc Thermal Performance Value) in calories per square centimeter
Step 3: Assess and Categorize PPE Needs
Step 4: Select PPE to Match Arc Flash Risk Assessment
The Arc Hazard is identified, quantified and matched to PPE
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED?
Not all injuries will be prevented
Injuries can be minimized
Quality of life can be preserved
Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
NFPA 70E Definition
Electrically Safe Work Condition. A state in which the conductor or circuit part to be worked on or near has been disconnected from energized parts, locked/tagged in accordance with established standards, tested to ensure the absence of voltage, and grounded if determined necessary.
The need for PPE is still present during lock‐out, tag‐out, testing and grounding.
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED?
The Arc Flash Risk Assessment needs to be addressed to reduce injuries
And fatalities in the workplace
NFPA 70E is an effective approach for addressing the
Arc Flash Risk Assessment
PPE labeling can clarify the protection level of FR daily wear used
with Arc Flash suits
PPE labeling can indicate approaches to reduce the probability of
2nd degree burn injury
Workforce involvement and Education are key to launching an FR daily wear & PPE Program for the Arc Flash Risk Assessment
Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
Still Confused?
Here’s the bottom line:
Many OSHA regulations are written in general terms leaving the details up to the employer on how to comply. The employer is expected to use consensus standards to help in the selection of the best method to achieve compliance with the OSHA regulations. NFPA 70E is not a Federal regulation, it is a “how to comply” consensus standard for specific OSHA regulations. Compliance with 70E will assure compliance with some OSHA electrical regulations.
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED?
If you do nothing YOU RISK:
In the event of an injury or death due to an electrical accident, if
OSHA determines that compliance with 70E would have prevented or lessened the injury, OSHA may site the employer under the “general duty clause” for not using 70E to protect the employee(s). In a 2003 “Standards Interpretation” letter OSHA stated 70E can be used as evidence of whether the employer acted reasonably.
• Fatality/Injury
• Treatment cost
• Fines
• Litigation
• Insurance
• Perform OSHA mandated analysis
Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
If you wear improper PPE YOU RISK:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Inadequate or excessive PPE
Fatality/Injury
Treatment cost
Fines
Litigation
Insurance
Perform OSHA mandated analysis
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Arc Flash, The NFPA 70E Standard and Your Electrical Maintenance. ARE YOU PREPARED?
Tuesday, June 14, 2016 ♦ 8:30am – 9:45am
WHEN PERFORMING THE ANALYSIS:
• Should be performed by a registered professional Engineering Firm
“Safety starts with Awareness”
• Issue the analysis report with results
• Professional should make recommendations
“Awareness starts with YOU!”
• Training
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