White papers for a green transition
WIND ENERGY
MOVING AHEAD
How Denmark utilises wind
in the energy sector
INSIDE THIS WHITE PAPER
Acting the way the industry needs
When dialogue, transparency and flexibility
become more than just words
Denmark to meet 50% wind
energy target in 2020
Cross-border electricity market and good
connections to neighbouring markets ensure
first-class security of supply
Making offshore wind attractive
and accessible to investors
Offshore wind projects are politically
and financially attractive investments
Foreword
3
WIND IS A MAJOR PART
OF THE SOLUTION
Denmark is in the middle of a green transition and
wind energy plays a big part in creating an energy
system based on renewable energy sources.
WIND ENERGY MOVING AHEAD
How Denmark utilises wind in the energy sector
Version 1.0
Printed March 2015
Front page photo
Cover photo showing Anholt Offshore Wind Farm, photo: DONG Energy
Editor in Chief
State of Green
Technical Editor
Danish Wind Industry Association
Danish Energy Agency: Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners: Danish Energy Association: Danish Ministry of Climate, Energy and Building: Danish Ministry of the Environment: Danish Wind Industry Association: Energinet.dk: Middelgrunden Wind Turbine Cooperative: Siemens Wind Power:
Vestas Wind Systems: Contributors
Morten Bæk and Peter Sehested
Christina Grumstrup Sørensen and Stephanie Bendorff Røpcke
Lars Aagaard
Rasmus Helveg Petersen
Niels Bjørkbom
Jan Hylleberg
Peder Østermark Andreasen
Erik Christiansen
Michael Hannibal
Anders Vedel
© Copyright State of Green 2015
Rasmus Helveg Petersen, Danish Minister for Climate, Energy and Building
Right now, Denmark is heading towards
a fossil free future in 2050. Since the oil
crises in the early 1970s, we have been
transforming our national energy system.
In the beginning, we wanted to establish
a self-sufficient energy supply and later on
this evolved into decarbonising and changing the energy system to be based entirely
on renewable energy sources.
The main reason for this is that we take the
strong warnings from the UN Climate Panel
seriously. We have to do our part to prevent
waking up one day flooded by rising seawater. But the transition also has other major
benefits. It creates green jobs and secures
our energy supply.
Wind energy – a modern technology
Since the end of the 1970s, Denmark has
been building a high-tech wind energy
industry. Wind turbines have undergone
such considerable technological advances
that wind has become one of the most competitive renewable energy sources.
renewable energy production and energy
efficiency. The Danish wind industry has a
strong outset here.
In Denmark, we currently have a total of
13 offshore wind farms. The offshore wind
farms are crucial to reach our goal of a fossil free future. Today, onshore wind energy
is cheaper than any other source of energy
from new plants, while offshore wind still
cannot compete economically with onshore. Therefore, it is critical that we keep
reducing prices on offshore wind. I feel confident that the industry will be able to keep
up.
It was the question of energy security
that sparked the Danish transition. The recent development in our part of the world
shows that the question of energy security
is more relevant than ever. Wind energy is a
great way to meet this challenge.
Renewable energy is
a good investment
In 2013, Danish export of green energy
technology went up by 17.6 %. I see this
as a positive sign. In the future, we will
see a rising demand for solutions for both
There is no entry barrier on wind energy.
It is a mature technology, and in terms of
integration, a recent study from the International Energy Agency shows that any
country will be able to integrate as much
as 10% renewable variable energy in their
energy systems with no major technical or
economic challenges.
It makes sense for the climate, it creates
jobs and it improves our energy security.
ABOUT THIS
WHITE PAPER
In this White Paper we have gathered lessons learned from different Danish
players and legislators within the wind energy sector, supported by state-ofthe-art case examples showing, for instance, how integrating wind, investing
in wind and optimising products to make more wind for less money is being done
every day.
In the light of the Danish energy agreement in March 2012, Denmark has decided
to lead the transition to a green growth economy and become entirely independent of fossil fuels by 2050. Completely dependent on imported oil for decades,
Denmark was severely affected by the oil crises of the 1970s and it was decided
to take a new path. As a result, renewable energy – and in particular wind energy
– has become a Danish stronghold.
The content of this White Paper is meant to serve as a helpful tool for international stakeholders who wish to get an overview of the Danish way of utilising
wind, who want to spot the potentials of wind energy, or who are looking for
Danish business partners.
Integrating 10, 20, 30, 40 or 50% wind energy or even more in the electricity system is no easy task just as agreeing on the political framework for large investments and getting the citizens on board for new projects is not something easily achievable. But with this White Paper we want to show you that it is feasible
through collaboration.
We hope you will be inspired.
INDEX
Wind is a major part of the solution....................................................................................... 3
There is no status quo in the wind industry....................................................................... 6
Cost reductions and alliances are keywords in the Danish wind industry
Acting the way the industry needs........................................................................................ 8
When dialogue, transparency and flexibility become more than just words
Denmark to meet 50% wind energy target in 2020.....................................................10
A cross-border electricity market and good connections to
neighbouring markets ensure first-class security of supply
Electrification equals value from wind energy............................................................... 12
Why electrification is necessary for the Danish energy system
Bringing the neighbours on board........................................................................................14
A specialised wind turbine task force is assisting
the planning process of onshore wind projects.
Do you speak wind turbine?....................................................................................................16
Denmark from above.................................................................................................................. 17
Case studies
The world’s most depicted offshore windfarm is 50% locally owned.................................. 18
Big scale test facilities help reduce costs................................................................................... 20
Østerild test centre ensures Siemens Wind Power a competitive offshore advantage.........22
Advanced nacelle testing integral part of Vestas product development............................... 24
Making offshore wind attractive and accessible to investors................................................ 26
Sustainable wind export business .............................................................................................. 28
A powerplant at sea ....................................................................................................................... 30
Repowering for a windy future .................................................................................................... 31
6
There is no status quo in the wind industry
There is no status quo in the wind industry
7
THERE IS NO STATUS QUO
IN THE WIND INDUSTRY
Cost reductions and alliances are keywords in the Danish wind industry
Companies in the Danish wind industry are at the very
forefront of the global wind expansion, driving the continuous
development of evermore effective and cost-efficient wind
turbines.
Jan Hylleberg, CEO, Danish Wind Industry Association
What few people believed 40 years ago is
now a reality with a booming global industry. Over the years, the wind industry has
fine-tuned its ability to harvest energy
from the wind in a controlled manner that
benefits millions and millions of people. The
groundwork for much of the technological
development has taken place in Denmark.
Today, nearly 500 companies work within
the Danish wind energy sector, generating
28,500 jobs (2013) and combined revenue
of DKK 80 bn (EUR 10.71 bn) of which more
than half is exported.
More energy for less money
Even though the Danish wind industry has
developed into a highly professional and
well-established one, the objective has
remained the same since the beginning. At
the core, all work evolves around reducing
the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) - the
price of the electricity production over the
lifetime of a wind turbine. The wind industry has come far and the technology holds
Photo: Keenpress / Wind Power Works
huge potential for becoming even cheaper.
While the price of wind energy continues to
decline, investments are going up. Proof of
this is found in Europe, where wind energy
capacity was the favoured energy technology in 2014, with a grid connected wind energy more than double that of coal and gas
combined.
Danish companies are driving the development of a lower LCOE. Strong cross-industry cooperation along with unique testing
facilities are creating the foundation for an
innovation hub found no were else in the
global wind industry. Today, energy from
onshore wind turbines is cheaper than energy from new fossil energy plants in many
markets, including Denmark, and across
the industry efforts are put into reducing
the cost of offshore wind in a similar manner. Producing energy offshore requires a
new way of thinking and this has led to a
new way of organising the industry in Denmark.
lliances are vital
A
Abandoning the idea of wind turbine
manufacturers dealing with all of their
sub-suppliers, the industry is now moving
towards an organisation in clusters offering concentrated and packaged solutions.
This entails an even closer collaboration
between Danish wind turbine manufacturers and clustered sub-suppliers, enhancing manoeuvrability and the ability to
innovate. This development is evidence of
the continuous professionalisation of the
Danish wind industry that acts as a strong
competitive advantage - only to be developed further in the coming years.
With wind energy having one of the greatest potentials for integrating more renewable energy across the world, it is unthinkable
for the Danish wind industry just to maintain
the status quo. The wind industry stands
before yet another era of progress that will
benefit not only job creation and energy security, but also people and climate.
8
Acting the way the industry needs
Acting the way the industry needs
“In 2012, the Danish Parliament set a clear course for the energy sector in
Denmark having made an overall commitment to a fossil-free future in 2050.”
Peter Sehestedt, Danish Energy Agency
9
ACTING THE WAY
THE INDUSTRY NEEDS
When dialogue, transparency and flexibility
become more than just words
On the path to becoming a fossil-free nation with large amounts
of wind energy in the electricity grid, having the right political
framework plays a major role. Denmark leads the way in making
political decisions that the industry needs. But how did we get to
this point, and what are the big challenges that still remain?
Peter Sehestedt, Special Advisor, Danish Energy Agency
Denmark has set ambitious political targets
for the use of wind energy. In 2010, the
Danish Commission on Climate Change Policy presented its recommendations for the
total phasing out of fossil fuels. In 2012,
the Danish Parliament set a clear course for
the energy sector in Denmark having made
an overall commitment to a fossil-free future in 2050.
Set in place in 2012, the current energy
agreement includes a target of applying
1,900 MW of new capacity from onshore
and offshore wind. By the end of 2021, this
capacity needs to be realised. As a result,
wind energy is expected to cover 51% of
Danish electricity consumption in 2020.
The industry-friendly Danish tender approach for setting up offshore windfarms is a result of many adaptations
over time. It consists of three parts:
A strategic offshore planning process with transparent tender procedures
A guaranteed timely establishment of grid connection
A fixed settlement price and the one-stop-shop permitting procedure
Photo: Danish Energy Agency
The agreement secures a substantial expansion of the Danish wind energy capacity
offshore, near-shore and onshore. The offshore expansion alone corresponds to the
annual electricity consumption of 1.4 million average Danish households. The first
step to establish more offshore wind
farms is a strong and smooth planning
phase, which reflects the importance of
flexibility in the tendering processes, just
as the ability to conduct dialogue with the
market and to learn from experience is paramount for success. Only then can the authorities attract the most competitive bids
for these complex projects that carry large
economic commitments and which are influenced by political currents.
Tenders that work
The Danish Energy Agency has strived to
develop a scheme that delivers on these
parameters. As such, the Danish tendering approach for setting up offshore wind
farms is the result of many adaptations
over time. In fact, Denmark has the longest
experience with tenders for offshore wind
energy in the world. The strength of the
Danish approach can be divided into three
areas. Firstly, a strategic offshore planning
process with transparent tender procedures and fully consented environmental
impact assessments in place before the
submission of tenders. Secondly, a timely
establishment of grid connection guaranteed by the Danish state and paid for by the
electricity consumers. Third, a fixed settlement price and a unique one-stop-shop
permitting process, in which the Danish Energy Agency grants all the required permits
and coordinates with other relevant public
authorities.
Dialogue as a new Danish trademark
In the offshore market change is a constant
and each tender is different from the next.
What we have learned is that the tendering
authorities need to speed up on their learning capacity. If we want to ensure the best
possible market prices and projects in our
tendering procedures, we have to be part
of the changes more or less at the same
time as they happen.
This is why dialogue has become the new
trademark of the Danish tendering procedures and why the Danish Energy Agency
is promoting a vision where authorities and
industry act like equal partners. Our goal is
to share this vision with all major offshore
countries and we invite all tendering authorities in Europe to start a dialogue of
their own. Ultimately, this dialogue has the
potential to create a new network of governance and help establish a common vision of offshore tendering in the European
market.
One-stop-shop means full speed ahead
The Danish tendering process is unique,
and the one-stop-shop permitting procedure plays a central role in this. To ensure
a rapid and as-little-as-possible bureaucratic application process, the Danish Energy Agency grants all the required permits
and coordinates with other relevant public
authorities. This results in a single point of
access for enterprises or industry in need of
assistance on issues related to permits and
tendering procedures – and this is one of
the political framework conditions leading
Denmark towards a fossil-free future.
10
Denmark to meet 50% wind energy target in 2020
Denmark to meet 50% wind energy target in 2020
Photo: Palle Peter Skov
11
DENMARK TO MEET 50%
WIND ENERGY TARGET IN 2020
A cross-border electricity market and good connections to
neighbouring markets ensure first-class security of supply
“We are in the process of transitioning from an energy system where generation is adapted to
consumption to one where consumption is adapted to generation”.
Peder Østermark Andreasen, CEO, Energinet.dk, the Danish TSO responsible for supplying Denmark with electricity and natural gas
Map of Denmark’s transmission grid and interconnectors
Denmark’s transmission grid (400 and 150/132 kV) and the interconnectors to Germany, Sweden and Norway. Interconnectors
have a total capacity of more than 5,500 MW.
The transmission grid is designed to handle long fluctuations and
transport electricity over large distances, e.g. from on- and offshore wind farms in the west to the Danish capital in the east. Denmark often acts as a transit country, enabling power from Norway’s
hydroelectric dams to be sent to Germany and Central European
consumers or the other way around, if wind turbines and solar cells
generate a lot of energy that Norway wants to buy.
“It can’t be done”. “It’s not possible to integrate more than a few per cent wind energy
in an electricity system”. These are words
we sometimes hear when foreign visitors
visit Energinet.dk. However, when we open
the door to our control room and show them
that we on any given day have 20, 30, 40%
wind energy or more in our electricity system, we are not presenting them with a
theoretical calculation or a case story. What
they see is a quiet control room without
panic and the electricity system that supplies Danish households and businesses
with electricity – which has one of the highest levels of security of supply in Europe.
This is possible because Denmark has a
well-developed electricity grid and strong
connections to our neighbouring countries
Norway, Sweden and Germany (see map).
where wind energy generation will exceed
our consumption.
50% wind in 2020 and more to come
We are making good progress to meet the
objective that wind energy will cover 50%
of the Danish electricity consumption. In
2014, the figure was 39.1%, and with the
wind energy generated by future offshore
wind farms in particular, we will reach the
equivalent of 50% wind energy in electricity consumption.
New interconnectors
To be able to handle this, we have joined
forces with TenneT, TSO for power and gas
in Netherlands and Germany, to build a 700
MW and 320 kilometre submarine cable
linking the Dutch and Danish electricity
systems - and together with National Grid,
TSO for power and gas in England, we are
looking into the possibilities of laying a 600
kilometre cable to the UK.
Denmark does not have mountains, rivers
or many hours of sunshine, but we have
wind and a unique location. Wind energy is
Denmark’s number one renewable energy
source and it will become even more important after 2020. Looking towards 2035, for
example, there will be many more days
Wind production and power
consumption 2013-2035
Today, wind rarely exceeds the total power
consumption. In the future this will happen
more often. Here shown in three weeks in
2013 and three weeks in 2035.
From generation to consumption
We are transitioning from an energy system
where generation is adapted to consumption to one where consumption is adapted
to generation. That is why electricity must
be able to flow far, across boarders and in
large quantities. The prices must reflect the
fact that there are days with ample generation or high demand, and electricity must
increasingly be integrated into flexible consumption, such as heat pumps and electric
vehicles. Only by taking a cross-border approach and ensuring maximum utilisation
of domestic flexibility will we be able to
secure an effective and successful energy
transition.
Today, Denmark is part of a cross-border
Nordic market, and we are integrated with
Central Europe. Even though we as consumers do not notice the changes, we buy
and sell electricity across borders hour by
hour. Electricity generated by wind, water,
sun, coal, gas and nuclear power flows freely back and forth depending on supply and
demand.
But the future requires even more open­
ness and cross-border thinking. A well-functioning market is crucial if Denmark and the
rest of Europe are to maintain a high level of
security of supply.
New m arket model
In step with increasing amounts of renewable energy, the current business model for
electricity is put under pressure, where especially conventional generators based on
fossil energy sources are challenged. In the
long term this creates a risk of insufficient
capacity during future periods with limited
renewable energy available, e.g. during periods without wind.
We have therefore invited industry players
to a sector-wide cooperation with the aim
of developing a new market model that will
help ensure a high level of security of supply and contribute to a healthy investment
climate in the energy sector, and furthermore encourage interaction and flexibility
across the value chain.
2013
Week 1
Week 2
Electricity consumption
2035
Week 3
Week 1
Week 2
Week 3
Electricity generation from wind turbines
12
Electrification equals value from wind energy
Electrification equals value from wind energy
13
ELECTRIFICATION EQUALS
VALUE FROM WIND ENERGY
Why electrification is necessary for the Danish energy system
Danish electricity generation will consist of at least 50% wind
energy in 2020. This requires a focus on electrification and
Denmark needs to address the challenge of smart energy.
Lars Aagaard, CEO, Danish Energy Association
Danish electricity generation has undergone significant changes during the last
two decades and Denmark is on the cutting
edge when it comes to integrating wind energy into the electricity system.
Wind is a positive story already
20 years ago the Danish electricity production consisted of 96% fossil fuels, which
emitted 30 million tons of CO2. In 2013,
these numbers had changed to 54% fossil
fuels, resulting in a 55% decrease of the
CO2-emissions.
So far, the increasing wind share has not
changed the continuity of supply. In 2013,
Danish electricity consumers had electricity in their power outlets 99,997% of the
time.
The potential for electrification
Even though we use most of the electricity
from wind in households, industry, for electrical cars and in heat pumps in the heating
sector, the transformation of the electricity system moves much faster than the
electrification of the energy consumption.
The electricity consumption is expected to
grow by 3 TWh until 2020, while the new
wind production is expected to grow by 6.5
TWh.
Obviously, wind energy is a fluctuating production form. Given the rapid build-out it
needs to be accompanied by further incentives to use and store the electricity when it
is produced and a strong backbone of flexible power generation is also required.
Following the curves in the figure illustrating development of electricity consumption
and wind energy production 2014-2020,
they clearly show that the expected expansion of wind production exceeds the
changes in electricity consumption. There
is a clear mismatch between the growth of
the two, which – given the flexible nature
of wind energy – needs to be addressed, if
we are to make the most value of our wind
energy production.
The Danish Energy Association has calculated the technical potential of electrifying
the end consumption in the district heating
sector, the individual heating sector and in
the industry. The potential comes out at
approximately 13 TWh/year, which is more
than a third of the current Danish electricity
consumption. In other words, there is a potential for utilising all new wind production
in a flexible manner, creating more value for
the Danish wind model.
Combined with strong, available interconnectors to neighbouring countries, a backbone of power generation plants and a fast
development in bringing down costs for
electricity storage, we are confident that
we can continue the wind expansion and
use the fluctuating production in an intelligent way.
In order for that to happen we need to see
Danish legislators consider and decide upon
difficult political issues such as securing
continued back-up capacity from power
plants, an intensified electrification of the
Danish energy system and constraints on
interconnectors.
Denmark has led the way and will continue
to do so by showing the world that it will be
possible to introduce more than 50% wind
energy into the electricity system. But we
need to take the necessary measures to
guarantee the continued balance of the
electricity supply and to create maximum
value of the wind’s changing production
levels.
Keywords for that to happen are interconnectors, flexible electricity use and reliable
backup production when wind is absent.
Development of electricity consumption and wind power production 2014-2020
Integrating large volumes of wind energy into the energy system
has proven possible, but wind is dependent on a strong back-up
system and good market conditions for selling electricity via interconnectors and flexible electricity usage.
160
140
120
Source: Danish Energy Agency
Flexible production requires flexible consumption and a
strong underlying system
Clean electricity from wind turbines can be used to substitute
CO2-emitting energy consumption in the heating sector, in industry
and in households. This benefits the environment and the climate
but in order to reap the full value of wind energy, we need to focus
on a better utilisation of it.
Index 2014 = 100
100
80
60
40
Electricity consumption (index)
Wind energy production (index)
20
0
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Development of electricity consumption and wind energy production
2014-2020
Wind energy produced 3% of the electricity consumption in 1994. In 2014, this number had increased to 39.1% and by 2020 at
least half of the electricity consumption
will be delivered by wind turbines. The general electricity consumption is expected to
grow at a much slower rate.
14
Bringing the neighbours on board
www.vindinfo.dk – a Danish shortcut
In 2012, a national committee issued recommendations for what to focus on in order
to optimise the planning processes for wind project developments. A central point was
improved public access to information. In response to this, four agencies have gathered
all available governmental information about wind energy in Denmark on one website:
www.vindfo.dk. This way, citizens, local authorities, and wind project developers have
easy access to information.
Bringing the neighbours on board
15
BRINGING THE NEIGHBOURS
ON BOARD
A specialised wind turbine task force is assisting
the planning process of onshore wind projects.
Schemes focused on citizens and close municipal and state collaboration regarding citizen
involvement are just some of the approaches that Denmark takes in order to meet its ambitious
targets for CO2-reduction and the advancement of more renewable energy.
Niels Bjørkbom, Head of the Wind Turbine Task Force, Danish Ministry of the Environment
The 1970s energy crises in Denmark and the
rest of Europe sparked an increased interest in
renewable energy. During the 1970s, the first
wind turbines, less than 50 meters tall, were
installed all over the country through local initiatives with no general planning and often
through citizen initiated wind turbine cooperatives. Today, onshore wind turbines as high as
150 meters are installed on a commercial scale,
which requires larger areas and substantial investments. These kinds of wind turbines are
often erected and owned by people living far
from the wind turbine areas and that is one of
the reasons why it has become increasingly difficult to achieve local acceptance of wind power
projects.
A complicated process
In Denmark, local authorities are responsible
for planning onshore wind turbine installations, and the planning processes are often
long and complicated. In some municipalities,
local politicians stop the planning activities at
relatively late stages, due to local public opposition against installing wind farms in the
specific area. This is a problem, firstly, because
it often results in frustration and local division
Step 1
Invite stakeholders
Step 2
Establish workshops
between opponents and supporters of wind
energy. Secondly, because one of the paths
to becoming free of fossil fuels, as written in
the political energy agreement from 2012, is
by installing 1,800 MW of new onshore wind
capacity before 2020 - 1,300 MW of which are
expected to replace existing, aging wind turbines.
Wind Turbine Task Force and state
assistance
In order to assist local authorities with these
challenges, a Wind Turbine Task Force was established in 2008. Furthermore, four financial
incentive schemes were introduced a year later. These initiatives both aim to increase local
interest in and support for the installation of
new, modern wind turbines. An important role
of the task force is to solve problems as early
as possible and assist the local authorities with
the planning process.
Citizen involvement takes up an increasingly larger part of the planning process. It is our
experience that a good relationship between
citizens and the municipality is a crucial aspect
in achieving acceptance of new wind turbine
Step 3
Network meetings
Step 4
Network activies and results
Network
topics
Citizens
Network meetings
Network meetings
Secreterial
function
Seeing, creating dialogue,
enhancing trust and establishing
common norms
Secreterial
function
Input on decision on
wind turbine plant
Business community
The introduction of task forces
The Danish Wind Turbine Task Force is a new concept within the Danish public administration. Free of charge, the task force assists local
authorities in matters such as siting the turbines and the planning process. Public acceptance is the key to deflect the problems that can
arise when planning new onshore wind farms.
Photo: Lia Maria Hauch Kaufmann
Authorities
Source: Antropologerne
Network meetings
Secreterial
function
Network meetings
Secreterial
function
Growth potential for
community development
projects. Interviews show that many Danish
citizens are unhappy with the way planning
activities have been carried out previously.
Therefore, we have worked on finding new
ways to meet the public and to get them on
board at early stages in the planning process.
The figure illustrates how the citizens meet the
authorities and business community at an early stage in workshops and various networking
activities. These include public meetings with
display stands, discussion forums and visits to
existing and potential wind turbine areas.
Traditional citizen meetings usually only include presentations by experts and panel debates and come late in the planning process.
Through our work it has become clear to us
that municipalities must be more proactive and
direct in meeting the public. So far, feedback
from participants has been a call for clear, political statements when it comes to setting up
onshore wind farms.
1.Invite stakeholders: Ideally citizens should
be invited as a first step in a planning process
to participate in a debate about wind turbines
within their local community to kick start the
planning process of locating areas suitable for
possible wind turbines.
2.Establish workshops: Citizens and other
stakeholders with different opinions are empowered through constructive dialogue in a
workshop.
3.Network meetings: Network groups on
topics preferred by participants can be formed
in the workshops.
4.Network activities and results: Participants get to know and understand each other
better, qualified input to municipal planners
and political decision makers, participation in
field-trips, bottom-up thoughts etc. This creates an earlier dialogue and increases citizens
understanding and acceptance of the need for
new wind turbines.
Now the planning process required by law
can be done on a new informed basis.
16
Norway
Do you speak wind turbine?
DO YOU SPEAK WIND TURBINE?
As a rule of thumb, every MW installed
offshore generates enough electricity
for roughly 1,000 Danish households.
Denmark from above
17
DENMARK FROM ABOVE
Blade
Frederikshavn
7 MW
The share of wind in the Danish electricity consumption has increased steadily
during the last years: 30% in 2012, 33%
in 2013 and 39% in 2014.
Sweden
Sæby
200 MW
Nacelle
Hub
Upon completion in 2015, Denmark’s second largest onshore
wind farm will be the 70 MW
Klim Fjordholme wind farm
Gear box
Østerild
National Test Centre for Large Wind Turbines
In 2013 and 2014, the average capacity
of an onshore wind turbine installed in
Denmark was 2.8 MW.
Rønland
17 MW
2003
Generator
Vesterhav
North
200 MW
The world’s tallest wind turbine is
currently being tested at Østerild – The
National Test Centre for Large Wind
Turbines. Once installed offshore it can
power more than 8,000 average Danish
homes.
Denmark’s largest onshore
wind farm is the 73 MW
Nørhede-Hjortmose wind
farm commissioned in 2014
United Kingdom
Tower
Denmark’s third largest onshore
wind farm is the 34 MW Lem
Kær wind farm commissioned
in 2012
Vesterhav
South
200 MW
Horns Rev 3
400 MW
2017
In 2014, 860 kW of wind energy were
installed per 1,000 Danish citizen. In
comparison, this number was 250 kW
for the other EU28 countries.
Tunø Knob
5 MW
1995
Samsø
23 MW
2003
Horns
Rev 1
160 MW
2002
LORC
Lindoe Offshore
Renewables
Center
Sejrø Bugt
200 MW
nd
r la
he
et
N
Avedøre
Holme
11 MW
2009/2010
Smålandsfarvandet
200 MW
Kriegers Flak
600 MW
2019
Bornholm
50 MW
Germany
Transition
piece
Foundation
Monopile
Tripod
Jacket
Gravity
Suction
bucket
Middelgrunden
40 MW
2000
Rødsand II
207 MW
2010
Landing platform
Different types of foundations:
House of Green
Sprogø
21 MW
2009
Vindeby
5 MW
1991
s
Horns
Rev 2
209 MW
2009
Anholt
400 MW
2013
Selected onshore
wind farm
Cable connections (Current)
Test facility
Offshore wind farm
(Commissioned)
Cable connections (Planned)
Place of Interest
Offshore wind farm
(Planned)
Cable connections (Proposed)
Near shore area
Possible installed capacity
The total Danish capacity onshore equals 3,578 MW
Name of wind farm
Capacity in MW
Year of commissioning
The total Danish capacity offshore equals 1,278 MW
18
The world’s most depicted offshore windfarm is 50% locally owned
The world’s most depicted offshore windfarm is 50% locally owned
19
THE WORLD’S MOST DEPICTED
OFFSHORE WINDFARM IS 50%
LOCALLY OWNED
8,700 citizens are co-owners of Denmark’s iconic offshore wind
farm Middelgrunden, located just off the coast of the capital
Copenhagen. Targeted information has played a key role in the
local involvement and support for the wind turbines.
Erik Christiansen, Chairman of Middelgrunden Wind Turbine Cooperative
Photo: Danish Wind Industry Association
Set in a symbolic curving line in the waters outside Copenhagen, Middelgrunden
offshore wind farm stands as the image of
Denmark’s world-renowned renewables
sector. The 40 MW wind farm was at the
time of commissioning in 2001 the world’s
largest offshore wind farm. Today, it covers
3% of Copenhagen’s electricity consumption.
customised cooperative: Middelgrunden
Wind Turbine Cooperative. Through the
cooperative, almost 8,700 local residents
became co-owners of the wind farm and
bought together 40,500 shares. In the end,
this amounted to a local ownership of 50%
of Middelgrunden offshore wind farm. The
other 50% of the project is owned by the
utility company DONG Energy.
A particularly innovative model of public ownership was used in the construction of Middelgrunden. To establish local
acceptance for the wind farm, groups of
local residents came together to form a
In the process, the key focus for Middelgrunden Wind Turbine Cooperative was
on sharing information with the local residents due to the landmark position of the
wind farm just outside the Copenhagen
harbour. It was of great importance to involve the local citizens in all phases from
planning and installation to the operational
phase. This has proven to enhance the local involvement in the project, as well as
the will to invest. Thousands of citizens in
Copenhagen have visited the wind farm’s
information stands and construction sites
and thousands attended the opening of
the wind farm in May 2001.
The project has proven the necessity of local information to ensure local involvement
and support for wind turbines.
20
Big scale test facilities help reduce costs
Big scale test facilities help reduce costs
21
BIG SCALE TEST FACILITIES
HELP REDUCE COSTS
Constantly reducing the cost of energy from wind turbines is the
primary point of orientation for all players in the Danish wind
industry. Reducing mechanical failures and the time it takes
to get a new wind turbine off the drawing board plays a major
role in producing more wind energy for less money. For Danish
wind turbine producers, Siemens Wind Power and Vestas Wind
Systems, big scale test facilities are decisive for choosing to
carry out their turbine tests in Denmark.
It takes little imagination to visualise just
how complicated it is to replace a spare part
potentially weighing many tons in a nacelle
100 meters above ground. Whether it is
on- or offshore, it is essential to mitigate as
many potential problems and mechanical
failures as possible. By eliminating problems, increasing efficiency, reducing the
need for service and introducing the product faster to market, the price of electricity
from wind energy decreases fast.
Easy access
Test facilities are crucial for technologicaland system innovation in the Danish wind
industry. In order to maintain Denmark’s
leading role within wind energy, it is a prerequisite that the industry has easy access
to test facilities for prototype testing close
to their R&D departments. Denmark offers
companies several options to test and try
out their latest technologies.
From material to prototype testing
In Denmark, you can test any part of a wind
turbine. From materials to blades, welding,
drivetrain and large components such as
nacelles, and last but not least, full scale
turbines.
LORC (Lindø Offshore Renewables Center),
located at the former Maersk shipyard
Photo: Danish Wind Industry Association
Lindø, and the Technical University of
Denmark (DTU), manage the two flagship
state-of-the-art test facilities in Denmark.
Complemented by the lightning test center
Testing Lab Denmark, located in central Jutland, and The Blade Test Centre (BLAEST)
in Aalborg in the northern part of Jutland,
they provide thorough and unique testing
of blades up to 85 meters.
World leading test facilities
The facilities at LORC comprise two indoor
test rigs for functional testing and life-time
testing of full-scale nacelles with a power
output of up to 10 MW. The function tester is uniquely designed to test the nacelle
including the hub allowing the pitch system
and the full software package to remain operational. LORC’s test program includes validation of the turbine’s compliance with the
grid, its reaction to external events and the
testing of the machinery’s robustness. The
second test rig, the life-time tester (HALT)
is expected to start operating in 2016.
Together with its industrial partner FORCE
Technology, LORC is establishing environmental and mechanical testing of large
components and structures. The test centre will comprise a climatic chamber combined with humidity control and corrosive
environment in the form of salt spray. In ad-
dition, LORC is establishing a 122m² strong
floor with 4m high reaction walls for the
testing of the load carrying capacity and
fatigue life of components and structures,
exposing them to forces and loads in the
mega Newton range.
DTU has two test sites for large full-scale
wind turbines, both based on the west
coast of Jutland, where excellent wind conditions ensure that the turbines have the
optimum test environment. The Høvsøre
Test Site provides facilities for testing
turbines up to 165 meters and the Østerild Test Centre has room for seven prototypes up to 250 meters. Both sites are fully
booked with well-known industry players
such as Vestas Wind Systems, EDF Enérgies
Nouvelles, Envision Energy and Siemens
Wind Power. They have all chosen Denmark
as the base for testing their wind turbines
of tomorrow.
22
Østerild test centre ensures siemens wind power a competitive offshore advantage
Østerild test centre ensures siemens wind power a competitive offshore advantage
23
ØSTERILD TEST CENTRE
ENSURES SIEMENS WIND POWER
A COMPETITIVE OFFSHORE
ADVANTAGE
Siemens Wind Power has just finished testing a 6 MW wind
turbine at Østerild Test Centre, the world’s largest and most
advanced centre for full scale turbine testing. The Danish test
facility allows Siemens Wind Power to accelerate innovation to
reduce energy production costs for offshore wind farms.
Michael Hannibal, CEO Offshore, Siemens Wind Power
In October 2012, Siemens Wind Power
installed a 6 MW turbine at Østerild Test
Centre in Northern Jutland, Denmark. The
test centre, operated by DTU, is of great
importance to us. The test site allows us to
test turbines on a full scale under changing
climatic conditions, which is a strong driver
for innovation and therefore a large component in reducing energy production for
wind farms.
The fast and comprehensive full scale testing possibility at Østerild means that the
testing period has ended for SWP-6MW and
it is already being used by the European offshore wind market. Innovation is our most
important competitive advantage. Therefore, a public test facility, like Østerild, only
reinforces the reason why we have decided
to carry out our turbine tests in Denmark.
The importance of Østerild
Østerild is currently the only place in the
world where measurements on turbines
up to 250 metres in height can be made.
For this reason, the test centre is ideal for
testing the offshore wind turbines of today
and tomorrow.
The technological improvements from the
tests are already showing. Firstly, they
ensure that our fleet of existing turbines
continue to evolve and that small improvements can be made in order to increase
output. Secondly, an entirely new and
much larger wind turbine is underway: A
10 MW turbine. It is not just an evolution
of the existing turbines, but a leap into
something bigger. This is a turbine that I
believe we will see on the market before
2020 thanks to the accelerated innova-
tion that research and development testing allows for.
The Danish Approach
Denmark has pioneered the wind industry
for the past four decades. Renewable energy is deeply integrated into the Danish
conscience and Denmark is known worldwide for this. Denmark has high education
and qualification levels within wind energy, which Siemens Wind Power takes advantage of in research and development.
Denmark is also characterised by a political
environment that has a positive attitude
towards renewable energy. The public aspect of Østerild Test Centre is a good example of this. For all of these reasons, it is not
a coincidence that Siemens has chosen to
place and maintain its research and development departments in Denmark.
In addition to the test facility of Østerild,
we have established our own test centres
in Denmark, investing over 2 billion DKK
(EUR 268 m) in state-of-the-art research
and development departments in the cities
of Brande and Aalborg. Combined, these
make up the largest test facilities for wind
turbines and blades in the world.
Altogether, these strategic reasons provide Siemens Wind Power with the best
test opportunities in order for us to accelerate our wind turbine innovation.
Siemens Wind Power is the world’s largest provider of offshore wind turbines. Siemens Wind Power has delivered turbines to the
three largest offshore parks in the world: London Array, Greater Gabbard and Anholt Havmøllepark. All parks are based on the
3.6 MW geared model as seen on the picture.
Photo: Siemens Wind Power A/S
Photo: Siemens Wind Power A/S
The first Siemens turbine at Østerild, the
6 MW, is being installed.
24
Advanced nacelle testing an integral part of vestas product development
Advanced nacelle testing an integral part of vestas product development
25
ADVANCED NACELLE TESTING
AN INTEGRAL PART OF VESTAS
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
The world’s largest wind turbine manufacturer, Vestas Wind
Systems, uses state-of-the-art test facilities to reach the
ambitious targets for product development. The newest
addition to the wind turbine test options in Denmark is the
nacelle tester at LORC.
Anders Vedel, Executive Vice President & CTO, Vestas Wind Systems A/S
All around the year, Vestas is conducting
tests on different components in different
locations around the world. Most of these
tests take place in Denmark, because advanced test facilities and relevant competencies are available here. The latest addition is Lindoe Offshore Renewables Center
(LORC), where Vestas will perform full-scale
testing of nacelles over the coming years.
Comprehensive and advanced testing of
components, systems and products is a
key part of product development in Vestas, where the overall objective is to reduce
the levelised cost of wind energy (by definition the production cost of each unit of
electricity generated over the lifetime of a
wind farm taking into account a wind farms
development costs, capital investments,
financial costs and lifetime running costs),
shorten the time it takes to bring new products to market and to increase the business
case certainty for the customers.
Strong forces. Vestas’ own 20 MW test bench in Aarhus is ready to perform another test. Here, Vestas can simulate a complete life
cycle for key components and systems in order to map potential reliability issues and possible improvements. This significantly reduces risks for customers and increases the speed of product development. Knowledge previously gathered after years in the field can
Photo: Vestas Wind Systems A/S
now be collected over the course of months before a product is even installed for customers.
Shortening the time to market. LORC
offers the world’s most realistic indoor full
scale testing of 3-10MW nacelles. A unique
design allows the hub to be included and
the pitch system to remain active during
testing of the nacelle’s functionalities and
interaction with the grid. The full software
and hardware is tested under extreme
events with a test controller calculating
the torque reference from simulated wind
input.
The test process can roughly be divided into
three steps with good facilities available in
Denmark for every step.
Step 1: Component and
system integration testing
Aarhus, the second-largest city in Denmark, provides the setting for Vestas’ powerful in-house test bench for wind turbines.
Here, the full system, including main components such as gearbox and generator, is
tested. The test bench can apply massive
power and loads to the drive train similar
to the conditions in the field, which allows
us to simulate a complete life-cycle over a
short period of time.
Step 2: Complete nacelle testing
LORC adds another element to the tests,
as the complete nacelle, including the hub,
is tested on a 10 MW test bench. It enables
Vestas to test other key components in
the wind turbine and – not least – their in-
Photo: Vestas Wind Systems A/S
teraction during realistic conditions. For
example, the full software and hardware
is tested calculating the torque reference
from simulated wind input. The test bench
is close to unique when it comes to the ability to test the electrical components and
their output to the grid. This is of course of
great interest to Vestas – and in the end to
our customers.
Step 3: Field tests
Finally, we test in the field to prove that we
can deliver what we have promised our customers. A number of sites in Denmark are
dedicated to test purposes, which enables
us to quickly bring a prototype to field testing.
26
Making offshore wind attractive and accessible to investors
Making offshore wind attractive and accessible to investors
27
MAKING OFFSHORE WIND
ATTRACTIVE AND ACCESSIBLE
TO INVESTORS
Offshore wind projects are politically and
financially attractive investments
With interest rates at a historically low level, investing in
infrastructure such as offshore wind is becoming increasingly
attractive as new investment channels become available.
Christina Grumstrup Sørensen, Senior Partner, Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners
Stephanie Bendorff Røpcke, Manager, Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners
For institutional investors, investment in
offshore wind is attractive. With long time
frames, stable returns over several years
and a strong cash flow, offshore wind can
serve as a substitute to certain bond types.
Governments, seeking to achieve CO2 reductions, address future capacity needs and
ensure regional security of supply, support
offshore wind investments and the projects
are becoming more bankable due to proven
concept and technology. The world’s first
offshore wind farm was Danish and built in
1991. Today, we have more than 5 GW offshore wind capacity installed in Europe and
The European Wind Energy Association anticipates a level of around 23 GW by 2020.
accessible for institutional investors, CIP
applies an “industrial approach”. The five
partners in CIP have extensive experience
within development, construction and
operations from numerous offshore wind
projects and leverage their industrial background for access to proprietary deals.
The recent CIP investment in the UK offshore wind project Beatrice is a good example of how and why the industrial approach
works. CIP and the two shareholders of Beatrice, the UK energy company SSE and the
global energy company Repsol, engaged in
a dialogue in early 2014 about the possible
acquisition of a shareholding in Beatrice. In
November 2014, CIP acquired 25% of Beatrice from SSE. The acquisition was made
on behalf of the two funds, Copenhagen Infrastructure I & II, which have commitments
from eight of the largest institutional investors, primarily pension funds, in Denmark.
SSE and Repsol had developed the project
substantially since 2009 and CIP entered
the project at the last stage of develop-
However, many institutional investors do
not yet have the required resources and
experience within energy infrastructure
investments. This has led to the formation
of specialised infrastructure funds, such
as Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners
(CIP), which was founded in 2012. To make
offshore wind projects more attractive and
ment. This was late enough for the development risks to be significantly reduced: the
Investment Contract was awarded and the
grid connection, main consents and building
permits were obtained. However, it was as
well early enough to allow CIP to participate
in the optimization of risk allocation (e.g.
allocation of risks in the contracts with suppliers), concept (e.g. wind farm layout and
technology choice) and bankability (e.g. participating in securing bankable Operations &
Maintenance contracts and Power Purchase
Agreements, designing and executing the
project finance strategy). All areas in which
the CIP partners have substantial experience.
Unlike most infrastructure funds, CIP has a
long investment horizon. This is attractive
for industrial companies looking for long
term partners with whom they can build and
operate the projects and for institutional
investors looking for strong cash flows and
stable inflation-linked returns for many
years.
Illustrative example: Revenue per MWh for a UK offshore wind project with an Investment Contract
Nominal GBP received per MWh produced
Investment Contract
strike price
Beatrice is an offshore wind project located in Outer Moray Firth,
Scotland, with a potential capacity of up to 664 MW. The project has
been substantially developed by SSE and Repsol and is progressing
towards Final Investment Decision in 2016. SSE manages the development of the project and will be the main operator. Beatrice is
owned by SSE (50%), Repsol (25%), Copenhagen Infrastructure I
(12.5%) and Copenhagen Infrastructure II (12.5%). All shareholders
have seats in the Board of the project.
Photo: Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners
Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
Estimated market price
– Illustrative high and low level
Estimated market price
– Illustrative average level
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Beatrice is one of five offshore wind projects in the UK awarded
an Investment Contract by the UK government. The Investment
Contract secures the generator a fixed CPI indexed price per MWh
for a 15-year period (green area). After this period, the generator
receives the market price (blue area) which is expected to be lower and exhibit fluctuations due to seasonal effects and changes in
economic activity. The investment contract thus reduces the power
price risk significantly and produces bond-like cash flows.
The graph is only an illustrative example of the revenue profile for a
project similar to Beatrice.
28
Sustainable wind export business
Sustainable wind export business
29
SUSTAINABLE WIND
EXPORT BUSINESS
Export of the Danish energy model
The Danish political parties have approved an initiative to
promote export of Danish energy solutions in the period
from 2014 to 2015. The countries of focus for the export
initiative are UK, Germany and China. The aim is to facilitate
increased collaboration between Danish and foreign authorities to pave the way for business cooperation, export
opportunities and foreign investments in Denmark.
Industry hand in hand with intergovernmental
cooperation on the green agenda
Wind energy covered more than 39% of the Danish electricity consumption in 2014. This makes
Denmark a world champion in wind generated electricity and a market leader in the green energy
transition. Denmark has recently created a new initiative to extend our successful government to
government cooperation in this field.
Morten Bæk, Director General, Danish Energy Agency
Green energy technologies are in high demand and Denmark is a living example that
economic growth and CO2 reductions can be
achieved simultaneously. Denmark has already established bilateral cooperation with
a number of countries, including China, Mexico, South Africa and Vietnam to catalyse the
energy transition in these countries. The
focus is on energy policy and regulatory issues - such as cost effective framework conditions for wind power expansions.
China has entered the energy transition
fast track with a clear focus on e.g. wind
performance and quality, aiming to learn
from Denmark’s technology development
practice and regulatory experience. The cooperation makes for real cuts in global CO2
emissions and paves the way for increased
bilateral trading in the energy area.
Danish export statistics show that green energy technology equals good business. Energy technology exports have long accounted for a large share of Denmark’s export of
goods compared to other EU countries. In
2013, the export of energy technologies
amounted to 10.8% of exported goods total. Of this, green technologies accounted
for more than half.
Photo: Keenpress/Wind Power Works
A green transition. China stands as an example of countries wishing to transform their energy sector into a greener one. The country’s extensive need for energy has seen a large fraction of renewable energy projects being built in recent years. Denmark’s extensive
knowledge within renewable energy technologies, in particular
within wind, sees great knowledge-sharing opportunities between
the two countries.
Wind export
China exemplifies countries that wish to
green their energy production. With an extensive thirst for more energy, renewables
are making up a large fraction of newly built
energy projects in China. Based on a decade
of mutually beneficial cooperation Denmark
has recently initiated a pilot project to support China’s energy transition.
Out of the total export of goods to China
in 2013, export of energy technologies
amounted to 11.2 % with a green energy
technology proportion of 32.1%. Of this, the
majority was wind.
Government to Government
cooperation
In the implementation of the current bilateral project, the Danish Energy Agency has
joined forces with the Trade Council at the
Royal Danish Embassy in Beijing and Danish suppliers to the wind industry in China.
The project idea is based on an integrated
approach, where deep regulatory cooperation makes for sustained business opportunities. The Chinese authorities have
welcomed this approach, appreciating the
Danish experience in crafting legislation,
regulation and modelling for greening the
energy sector.
Changing the focus
China has invested in onshore wind energy
amounting to approx. 100 GW. Some farms
EXPORT SHARE
Denmark
2005
2013
in this vast portfolio are not performing up
to standards and the Chinese government
is dedicated to make the most of its investment. In the pilot project, Denmark will
share it knowledge on how Chinese wind
farms can increase performance using Danish standards and technology.
The approach is a focus on Levelized Cost of
Energy (LCOE). LCOE is the production cost
of each unit of electricity generated over
the life time of a wind farm taking into account a wind farm’s development cost, capital investment, financial costs, and lifetime
running costs.
The way we think wind is changing from
a focus on investments costs only to a
broader focus that includes operation
and maintenance cost, too. China has historically approached wind projects with a
relatively short-term investment perspective. Through the Danish LCOE approach,
Chinese wind farms can achieve a more robust business case and greater return on
investments.
8.410.8
Italy
7.89.1
Finland
5.68.9
Germany
7.58.9
Austria
7.48.4
Sweden
6.68.2
EU15
5.86.6
France
6.16.2
Spain
4.35.9
United Kingdom
5.2
Luxembourg
4.95.3
5.3
Portugal
4.55.3
Greece
5.23.5
Netherlands
3.03.3
Belgium
3.33.2
Ireland
2.02.1
Energy technologies’ share of the export of goods in among the EU15 countries
In comparison to other EU countries, export
of energy technologies has long accounted
for a large share of goods exported from
Denmark. In recent years, the export of
particularly green energy technologies
has risen exponentially. Denmark exported 171% more green energy technologies
from 2005 to 2013.
30
A POWERPLANT AT SEA
Repowering for a windy future
A POWERPLANT AT SEA
31
REPOWERING FOR A WINDY FUTURE
Denmark’s largest offshore wind farm near Anholt, was finished in 2013
with 111 3.6 MW wind turbines covering an area of 88 km2. With a capacity of 400 MW it provides 4% of Denmark’s total electricity consumption
– or roughly the equivalent of more than 400,000 Danish households’
annual consumption.
The technological developments have meant that there now is a good
business case for replacing old turbines in preferable locations with
new, more efficient turbines. Denmark will see a number of repowering
projects in the coming years, as more turbines reach the expected lifetime of 20 years.
An ambitious goal
Denmark has set an ambitious goal. We need
to be a low carbon society by 2050. This
means that we should stop using coal, oil,
and gas as energy sources. By 2020 the aim
is that more than 35% of Denmark’s energy
will come from renewable sources.
An important step
Anholt Offshore Wind Farm covers 4% of
Denmark’s total electricity consumption.
The wind farm is an important step in the
right direction towards Denmark’s ambition
to be a low carbon society and a large step
towards the 2020 target of covering 50%
of our electricity consumption with wind
power.
A sizable project
Anholt Offshore Wind Farm is a sizeable project for an economy like the Danish. According to the Danish Energy Agency, the project
is expected to generate approx. 8,000 jobs
in both knowledge-intensive sectors, in the
construction sector as well as in the industrial sector at home and abroad.
400 MW capacity
Anholt Offshore Wind Farm is Denmark’s
largest offshore wind farm with a capacity
of 400 MW. Consequently, the wind farm is a
modern-day power plant at sea, able to cover more than 400,000 Danish households’
annual electricity consumption of CO2-free
electricity.
The Klim Fjordholme onshore wind farm
consisting of 35 600 kW turbines was originally commissioned in 1996 and the age
of the turbines and the preferably wind location has lead to an upgrade of the farm.
When the Klim Fjordholme-project is completed in 2015, it will become Denmark’s
second largest onshore wind farm.
World leaders
The creation of the park strengthens Denmark’s position as one of the world’s leading
nations within the wind energy sector and
especially as a world leader within offshore
wind farms. The license to operate the wind
farm was granted to DONG Energy for 25
years.
88 km2 wind farm
The chosen design of the wind farm covers
an area of 88 km2 within an original specified gross area of 144km2, which secured
the most optimal location of each of the 111
3.6 MW wind turbines at the wind farm. The
length of the wind farm is approx. 20km,
while it is 5km wide.
Replacing old turbines
for more efficiency
In May 2014, Siemens Wind Power and Vattenfall Vindkraft signed the agreement for
the delivery of 22 3,2 MW turbines. This will
increase the effect of the farm from 21 MW
to 70,4 MW. The 22 new turbines in the Klim
Fjordholme-project are expected to provide electricity to approx. 58,000 homes.
New technology for higher
operational reliability
The new turbines in the onshore park are
fitted with a Siemens gearless Direct Drive
Wind Generator which indicates fewer
components and a smaller nacelle. In addition, the turbines are lighter and easier to
transport. The technological development
means that six new turbines will create the
same effect as the 35 old turbines they replace.
With more than 7,000 kilometres of coast
line, it is not surprising that Denmark is a
windy place. However, some locations are
more preferable than others and the conditions at Klim Fjordholme are optimal for the
new Siemens turbines, as the hub is located
almost 100 meters above the ground where
the average wind speed is 8.1 meters per
second.
Refurbishment for export
The 35 old turbines which are now obsolete
in a Klim Fjordholme context will be refurbished. The turbines have already been sold
to projects in Italy and Ireland, where they
are expected to produce wind power for another 20 years.
Learn more about Danish solutions in wind power,
find more cases from around the world and connect
with Danish expertise at:
stateofgreen.com/wind-power
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