Cathode Ray Tube Phosphors
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Cathode Ray Tube Phosphors Of Interest To The Experimenter RMA/ EIA U.S. Type ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Intl E.U. Type Flourescence ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Amber Blue Green Green Green White White Yellow Yellow-Green Yellow-Green P1 P1 Green GJ GK P1 Phosphorescence** Wavelength Peak(s) nm Wavelength Range (-10%) nm 450 545 545 520 Medium Medium Very short 588 550 544 Green Green to YellowishGreen YellowishGreen 525 Medium 490-580 InBO3:Tb+InBO3:Eu, ZnS:Ag Y2O2S:Tb Y2SiO5:Tb Y3(Al,Ga)5O12:Ce (Zn,Cd)S:Cu,Cl+(Zn,Cd)S:Ag,Cl InBO3:Tb+InBO3:Eu+ZnS:Ag InBO3:Eu InBO3:Tb Y3(Al,Ga)5O12:Tb Zn2SiO4:Mn (Willemite circa 1948) Application Display tubes Projection tubes Beam index tubes Projection tubes General purpose oscilloscopes And RADAR General purpose oscilloscopes Display Tubes Relative luminance 45 Relative writing speed 35 (Tektronix)* Special oscilloscopes Radar indicators P2 Blue-Green Green P2 Bluish-Green Green >1 minute in low ambient ilumination P2 Blue-Green Green Long ZnS:Cu(Ag)(B*) (c. 1948) P3 Yellow GreenishYellow Yellow 13ms Zn8BeSi5019 :Mn (c. 1948) Special oscilloscopes Radar indicators Early radar (c. 1939) Relative luminance 45 Relative writing speed 15 (Tektronix)* zinc beryllium silicate with a manganese activator, written as ZnBeSiO4:Mn Early radar (c. 1939) P3 P3 Yellow to Yellow-Green P3 YellowOrange 602 450-640 Composition 20ms Medium 1-100 ms 525 543 Persistence OR (time to decay to 10% of peak) 504-700 Long Medium Medium Not over 7% of peak after 33 ms Not over 7% of peak after 33 ms Not over 7% of peak after 33 ms P4 White White 565, 540 390-663 P4 White Blue 540, 410 326-704 P4 White yellow 540, 435 330-699 P4 White White White White Medium Medium short P4 White White Medium P4 White White P4 WW Relative luminance 60 Relative writing speed 70 (Tektronix)* (J. Whitaker) Black and white TV screens and display tubes Silicate Black and white TV screens and display tubes Silicate-sulphide Black and white TV screens and display tubes ZnS:Ag+ZnS:Cu+Y2O2S:Eu Cd-free replacement P4, black and white CRT tubes, display tubes B&w television receivers, Display tubes ZnS:Ag+(Zn,Cd)S:Cu a*-ZnS:Ag+Zn8BeSi5019:Mn (Replaced circa 1948 with “new” ZnS:CdS:Ag) Earliest Black and white TV screens and display tubes Relative luminance 70 Relative writing speed 25 (Tektronix)* Revision 20100226.1844 Patrick Jankowiak KD5OEI Page 1 Cathode Ray Tube Phosphors Of Interest To The Experimenter P4 White P5 Blue Blue P5 Blue Blue P5 Blue Blue P5 430 348-575 Very short CaWO4:W calcium tungstate with a tungstate activator, written as CaWO.sub.4 :W Blue Very short P5 Blue Blue Medium short P6 White White P6 White White P6 White White P7 Blue-White Yellow-Green P7 Blue-White Yellow Blue-White Yellow P7 YX Blue-White 563, 460 416-695 390-650 Light Yellow P8 (Scheelite) (c. 1948) 800us Short 800us 558, 440 ZnS:Ag+(Zn,Cd)S:Ag 18us Blue P7 BJ Medium > 1 minute in low ambient illumination BluWh-Short Yel-Long BluWh-Short Yel-Long BluWh-Short LtYel-Long > 1 minute in low ambient illumination ZnS:Ag+ZnS:CdS:Ag Dark Magenta Trace Depends on absorption of outside illumination N/A (peak absorption?) Approx. 3s to 6,500,000s P10 Dark Magenta Trace Depends on absorption of outside illumination 400-500 Very long P11 Blue Blue 400-550 2ms 460 Revision 20100226.1844 Photographic recording of high speed traces in special oscilloscopes (J. Whitaker) Used in TV receivers for the “Goldmark/CBS color system”. P4 is seen as “bluish” compared to P6 Relative luminance 70 Relative writing speed 25 (Tektronix)* Used in TV receivers for the “Goldmark/CBS color system”. P4 is seen as “bluish” compared to P6 Relative luminance 45 Relative writing speed 95 (Tektronix)* (Zn,Cd)S:Cu B*-ZnS:Ag on ZnS(86): CdS:Cu Cascade (c. 1948) Dual-color, dual-persistence compound phosphor for Radar indicators Dual-color, dual-persistence compound phosphor for Radar indicators Dual-color, dual-persistence compound phosphor for Radar indicators Obsolete – replaced by P7 Probably similar spectrum to P7 P9 P10 Black and white TV screens and display tubes Photographic recording of high speed traces in special oscilloscopes Relative luminance 3 Relative writing speed 15 (Tektronix)* Photographic recording of high speed traces in special oscilloscopes KCl (c. 1948) JEDEC registration of this type had been canceled/withdrawn as of 1948. (per “A STUDY OF THE PERSISTENCE CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIOUS CATHODE RAY TUBE PHOSPHORS”, W. T. DYALL, TECHNICAL REPORT NO. 56, JANUARY 16, 1948, RESEARCH LABORATORY OF ELECTRONICS, MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY) Outside light source is used for observation and “erasing”. Persistence from several seconds to several months. Outside light source is used for observation and “erasing”. Persistence from several seconds to several months. Oscilloscopes for visual and photographic observation Display Tubes, Vacuum Fluorescent Display Patrick Jankowiak KD5OEI Page 2 Cathode Ray Tube Phosphors Of Interest To The Experimenter P11 BE Blue Blue 460 P11 PurplishBlue Purplish-Blue P11 Blue Blue P12 Orange Orange P12 P12 P12 P13 Orange Orange Orange Light Red Orange Orange Orange Light Red 590 601, 440 Short Medium short 0.01-1 ms Short 545-680 Medium Long Long Medium Medium P13 P13 ReddishOrange P14 Violet Orange P14 Purple-White Light Orange P14 Yellowish Orange P14 Purplish Blue PurplishBlue Blue P14 Blue Yellow-Orange P15 Blue-Green Ultraviolet Blue-Green Ultraviolet P15 Bluish-Green P14 P15 P15 GG Blue-Green Ultraviolet Ultraviolet 390-710 Vio-Short Or-MedLong PW-Medium LO-Long Blu –med short ORN – med. 504, 391 370-605 B*-ZnS:Ag on ZnS(75):CdS:Cu Blue-Green Ultraviolet 3us Very short Very short UV -Very short G -short Green Violet Near-Ultraviolet Extremely short P16 Ultraviolet Ultraviolet Very short P17 GreenishYellow Yellow P17 YellowishGreen P16 Zn(Mg)F2:Mn MgO*SiO2:Mn (c. 1948) magnesium silicate with a manganese activator BLU-Short RO-Long BLU-Med. Short YO-Medium Red-Orange Violet Near-Ultraviolet P16 A*-ZnS:Ag (c. 1948) Orange Violet NearUltraviolet BluishPurple Violet NearUltraviolet P16 ZnS:Ag,Cl or ZnS:(Zn) 370 335-437 ZnO:Zn Oscilloscopes for visual and photographic observation Display Tubes, Vacuum Fluorescent Display Relative luminance 25 Relative writing speed 100 (Tektronix)* Oscilloscopes for visual and photographic observation Relative luminance 18 Relative writing speed 3 (Tektronix)* Radar indicators Radar indicators Radar indicators Storage phosphor Used for fabricating carbon triode nanotubes Relative luminance 4 Relative writing speed 1 (Tektronix)* Dual-color, dual-persistence compound phosphor for Radar indicators Dual-color, dual-persistence compound phosphor for Radar indicators Used where repetition rate is 2-4 seconds after excitation is removed Relative luminance 40 Relative writing speed 60 (Tektronix)* Dual-color, dual-persistence compound phosphor for Radar indicators RADAR (J. Whitaker) Television pickup of photographs by flying-spot scanning via photomultiplier tube Relative luminance 15 Relative writing speed 25 (Tektronix)* Television pickup of photographs by flying-spot scanning Flying Spot Scanner (J. Whitaker) Television pickup of photographs by flying-spot scanning 5us Relative luminance 0.1 Relative writing speed 25 (Tektronix)* 450, 554 380-635 GrYe-Extremely Short, Ye-Long calcium magnesium silicate with an activator of cesium and lithium Television pickup of photographs by flying-spot scanning Flying Spot Scanner (J. Whitaker) Military displays Relative luminance 30 Relative writing speed 15 (Tektronix)* Revision 20100226.1844 Patrick Jankowiak KD5OEI Page 3 Cathode Ray Tube Phosphors Of Interest To The Experimenter GreenishYellow Yellow P17 Blue Yellow P18 White Blue P18 White P18 White P18 White P19 Orange P19 Orange P17 P19 P19 Orange LF P20 P20 P20 KA Orange Yellow-Green P21 Yellow YellowOrange Yellow P21 Red-Orange Red-Orange P22 Red Green Blue Red Green Blue P22 Red Green Blue Red Green Blue P22B P22G P22R Blue Green Red P23 White P23 White P23 White 460-649 Very long Long Medium long 2ms 555 554-650 Short Medium 1-100 ms Medium Medium Short Very Long White (KF,MgF2):Mn Radar screen High visibility displays Relative luminance 85 Relative writing speed 70 (Tektronix)* (Zn,Cd)S:Ag or (Zn,Cd)S:Cu Display tubes Storage Tubes (J. Whitaker) RADAR (J. Whitaker) Three-color phosphor pixelated pattern used in color displays with shadow mask or aperture grille Medium 643 526 450 390-680 One short Two Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium 575, 460 400-720 See P22B, P22G, P22R. P22 is the degignation for the set of phosphors used for color TV CRTs. ZnS:Ag+Co-on-Al2O3 or ZnS:Ag+Pigment ZnS:Cu,Al or ZnS:Cu,Au,Al Y2O2S:Eu+Fe2O3 or Y2O2S:Eu+Pigment Short Medium White White Blue-Green GreenishBlue Blue-Green Green Green White 606 530 611 P24 P24 545-665 Medium long P23 GE 595 Yellow Yellow-Green Yellow-Green P24 Medium Medium Medium Short 590 Yellow-Green P24 Cascade phosphor combines P7 and P15 characteristics Oscillography, RADAR (J. Whitaker) Low frame rate television applications Relative luminance 18 Relative writing speed 35 (Tektronix)* Low frame rate television applications Projection TV (J. Whitaker) Relative luminance 25 Relative writing speed 3 (Tektronix)* RADAR (J. Whitaker) Radar screen Long P20 P21 326-704 White Yellow Yellow-Green YellowishGreen 540, 410 Short and long components Blue –Short Yellow -Long 13ms Medium Short 507 505 426-640 Three-color phosphor pixelated pattern used in color displays with shadow mask or aperture grille Phosphor for color TV screens Phosphor for color TV screens Phosphor for color TV screens Low temperature Sepia color similar to P4 used in television Persistence similar to P4 used in television Relative luminance 80 Relative writing speed 35 (Tektronix)* Direct-view Television (J. Whitaker) 1.5us Short 1-10 Ns Short Revision 20100226.1844 ZnO:Zn Relative luminance 8 Relative writing speed 6 (Tektronix)* Flying spot scanner Vacuum fluorescent display Color flying spot scanner Patrick Jankowiak KD5OEI Page 4 Cathode Ray Tube Phosphors Of Interest To The Experimenter P25 Orange P25 YellowishOrange Orange P25 LJ Orange 610 530-710 Very Long Long P25 Orange Orange Medium P26 Orange Orange Very Long P26 Orange P26 YellowOrange LC 595 Very long >1000ms P27 Orange-Red Medium P27 ReddishOrange ReddishOrange Yellow Yellow-Green YellowishGreen Medium P27 P28 P28 KE P28 Reddish-Orange P30 GH P2 and P25 stripes ? YellowishGreen P2 and P25 stripes (Zn,Cd)S:Cu,Cl medium ? Medium short 0.01-1 ms P31 Green P32 Blue-Green Yellowish-Green P32 Purple-Blue Yellowish-Green Long Orange Very long >1000ms LD Orange 590 P33 Orange P34 Blue-Green Green P34 Bluish Green Yellow Green Very long P35 Blue-White P35 Green Blue Medium Short P36 Yellow-Green Yellow-Green Very short Blue Blue P37 P38 P39 Radar screen Storage phosphor, Color TV monitor service Relative luminance 20 Relative writing speed 7 (Tektronix)* Color TV monitor (J. Whitaker) RADAR Display tubes Relative luminance 50 Relative writing speed 50 (Tektronix)* Two Color stripe pattern, aircraft instruments RADAR (J. Whitaker) Not Registered with JEDEC Oscilloscopes Oscilloscopes for printing Relative luminance 100 Relative writing speed 75 (Tektronix)* Relative luminance 25 Relative writing speed 15 (Tektronix)* RADAR (J. Whitaker) medium P29 P33 (KF,MgF2):Mn zinc phosphate with a manganese activator Medium Medium Long P29 P31 CaSiO3:Mn,Pb LK GR Orange Green ZnS:Cu or ZnS:Cu,Ag MgF2:Mn Radar screen (Zn,Mg)F2:Mn Zn2SiO4:Mn,As Relative luminance 20 Relative writing speed 7 (Tektronix)* Relative luminance 17 Relative writing speed 15 (Tektronix)* Oscilloscope, RADAR, visual information storage Relative luminance 55 Relative writing speed 45 (Tektronix)* Oscillography (J. Whitaker) Flying spot scanner (J. Whitaker) Flying spot scanner (J. Whitaker) Radar screen Display tubes Very short 590 525 Very long Long Revision 20100226.1844 Military displays with 2-10 second refresh interval Relative luminance 12 Relative writing speed 5 (Tektronix)* Storage phosphor RADAR (J. Whitaker) RADAR (J. Whitaker) Relative luminance 17 Relative writing speed 3 (Tektronix)* Patrick Jankowiak KD5OEI Page 5 Cathode Ray Tube Phosphors Of Interest To The Experimenter P39 P40 Yellow-Green GA P40 P41 P43 P45 P46 P47 GY WB REDENH KG BH P48 KH P53 P55 P56 KJ BM RF P45 Yellow-Green Long White Blue Yellow-Green Ultraviolet Orange Yellow-Green White 545 Green Blue Blue Green Yellow-Green Blue Red 530 400 Long Blue Med. Short Yel-Green Long UV very short Orange long Medium Medium ZnS:Ag + (Zn,Cd)S:Cu Gd2O2S:Tb Y2O2S: RADAR (J. Whitaker) Display tubes Low repetition rate After J. Whitaler Radar with light trigger (J. Whitaker) Display tubes Viewfinders Y2O2S:Tb,Eu 544 450 610 Very short Very short Very short Short Medium Medium short Medium Revision 20100226.1844 Y3Al5O12:Ce Y2SiO5:Ce Beam index tubes Beam index tubes (P46+P47 BLEND) Combination phosphor Y3Al5O12:Tb ZnS:Ag,Al Y2O3:Eu Projection tubes Projection tubes Projection tubes Patrick Jankowiak KD5OEI Page 6 Cathode Ray Tube Phosphors Of Interest To The Experimenter Research references for this report are too numerous to list. • "A STUDY OF THE PERSISTENCE CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIOUS CATHODE RAY TUBE PHOSPHORS" W. T. DYALL (M.I.T. 1948) • Sylvania tube manual 1943, 1949, 1959 • ARRL Handbook, various editions • Tektronix, Inc. • E.I.A. • JEDEC • RETMA • Bill & Stan’s Tektronix Resource Site (www) • Clinton Displays CRT Division (www) • Wikipedia (www) *Tektronix: Relative Luminance taken with Spectra Brightness Spot Meter which incorporates CIE standard eye filter. Representative of 10KV aluminized screens. Relative writing speed taken with 10,000 ASA Polaroid film for 10 KV aluminized screeens. **Phosphorescence: If not noted, is generally the same spectrum as the fluorescence. Author’s Notes: Concerning certain phosphors used before 1948: 1. Exponential decay screens -- P1, P3, P12, and P13. 2. Long persistence inverse power law decay screens -- P2, P7, and P14. 3. Medium persistence combination exponential and inverse power law decay screen -- P4. 4. Short persistence inverse power law decay screens -- P5, P6, and P11 5. Very long variable persistence dark trace screen -- P10. Concerning the composition of this document: 1. Noncommercial research document created according to “fair use”. Document may be distributed for educational purposes if kept intact. 2. Definitions of color such as yellow, green, orange, or blue differ widely not only among the human population but also among the most august of published sources since the first phosphor-based CRT was ever implemented. Color descriptions have evolved with colorimetry. 3. In some cases, a single phosphor designation (P4 for example) is listed several times. In an attempt to make this reference as complete as possible while preserving accuracy, documents differing in presentation of characteristics for a given phosphor type, having as their sources various industrial or scientific publications as well as amateur scientific publications meeting certain criteria, were treated equally. 4. Rather than merge slightly incongruent data that could be accounted for by interdocumentary differences such as chemical composition or the evolution of a perceived phosphor color over time, data for each phosphor designation that were not in agreement were included separately. 5. Despite a few incongruities (i.e. the P24) that the author has no means to resolve, the author believes this poor report will be useful to those having an interest in CRTs and the phosphors used therein, and convey a reasonable expectation of the colors to be produced by a particular CRT. 6. It is left as a pleasant exercise for the reader to weigh the data in the document when considering the use of a CRT or other phosphorescent electrical device. If you want a definitve document and have around $200 to spend, you can order the standard: TEP116-C Optical Characteristics of Cathode Ray Tube Screens from the EIA. Revision 20100226.1844 Patrick Jankowiak KD5OEI Page 7 Cathode Ray Tube Phosphors Of Interest To The Experimenter How the eye perceives colors: Top Right: Typical response of the three cone types in human vision showing overlap. From left to right: 1. The normalized peak wavelength response of the eye. 2. The combined response curve of the eye. 3. The general perception of color vs wavelength (No consumer printer or display can precisely reproduce the bandwidth detectable by the eye). Revision 20100226.1844 Patrick Jankowiak KD5OEI Page 8
