KING ABDUL-AZIZ UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
ECE DEPARTMENT
JEDDAH, SAUDI ARABIA
Senior Project
EE499
THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN REPORT
Project Title :
"Design an internal distribution network of a
building according to the international voltage
level (230/400 V)"
Member Name
Emad Ahmed Azzahrani
Mansoor Hassan Azzahrani
Abdulaziz Sneed Almutairi
Abdullah Hamed Obaid
Comp. #
0704300
0704290
0704422
0704316
Major
Power
Power
Power
Power
The Supervisor and Consultant : Dr. Ramzy Obaid.
Customer's Name : Sharq 4 Hotel, Jeddah, Al-Sulimanyah Street.
Date of submission : 9, January 2011
ABSTRACT
Design an internal distribution network of a building according to
the international voltage level (230/400 V)
In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, electrical devices operate at two voltage levels namely:
127/220 and 220/380 volts. But, on Monday 31, August 2010, the Council of Ministers
approved the change of voltage distribution of electricity in the whole network of Saudi
Arabia to the international voltage level of 230/400 volts.
The objective of our project is to redesign the internal electrical distribution
network of a building according to the international voltage level (230/400 volts) to meet
that change.
The sources of our project specification are from Saudi Arabian Standards
Organization (SASO), Saudi electricity company (SEC) and Saudi Building Code (SBC)
the last two sources are related to SASO. Our specifications are that our system must be
compatible with voltage of 230V line-to-neutral and 400V line-to-line, distributing the load
approximately equally on the three phase, the distribution network must include proper
earthing and using sockets and plugs of British type.
There are many solutions to solve our problem. These solutions are : redesign the
internal electrical distribution network of a building according to the international voltage
level (230/400 volts). Or adding a three-phase distribution transformer before the internal
distribution panel of a building with ratio (400/230 V to 220/127 V). Or using solar cells to
feed the internal network of the building after conversion that electrical energy to
alternating energy ( DC-AC converter ''inverter''). Then, make a new independent singlephase internal distribution network in our building of 127V and use it to feed low power
devices. Or using the AC-AC converter to change the level of the voltage from (230/400
V) to (127/220 V) and keep the internal distribution network without any changes.
The selected solution is to redesign the internal electrical distribution network of a
building according to the international voltage level (230/400 volts). Because, it has higher
safety and lower cost than the other alternative solutions.
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ i
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................... ii
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................iii
LIST OF TABLES ..............................................................................................................iii
CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 1
1.1. SITUATION DESCRIPTION .................................................................................. 1
1.2. PROBLEM DEFINITION ........................................................................................ 1
1.3. OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................ 2
1.4. PROJECT BACKGROUND .................................................................................... 2
1.4.1. Relevant Standards ......................................................................................... 7
1.4.2. Sources ........................................................................................................... 7
1.5. CURRICULAR RESOURCES ................................................................................ 8
1.6. SPECIFICATION DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................ 8
1.7. DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS AND CONSTRAINTS ................................................ 8
1.8. VALIDATION PROCEDURE .................................................................................. 9
CHAPTER-2 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN .......................................................................... 11
2.1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 11
2.2. ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TO THE GENERAL PROBLEM ............................. 11
2.3. RELEVANT ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS ........................................................... 12
2.4. COMPARING THE ALTERNATIVES AND DECIDING ABOUT THE SOLUTION 12
2.4.1. Comparing The Alternatives Solutions To The General Problem ................... 12
2.4.2. Comparing The Relevant Alternatives Solutions ............................................. 14
2.5. DESIGN METHODOLOGY ................................................................................... 16
2.6. PROJECT TASKS AND TIMETABLE ................................................................... 17
2.7. TEAM ROLES AND CONTRIBUTION ................................................................. 17
REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 19
APPENDICES ................................................................................................................. 20
APPENDIX - A : TEAM MEETINGS ........................................................................... 20
APPENDIX - B : IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ON VOLTAGE CHANGING.................. 26
ii
LIST OF FIGURES
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
Figure 1.1: World map show the frequency and secondary distribution voltage level[2]. ..... 1
Figure 1. 2: The current situation of voltage distribution level as in Makkah....................... 4
Figure 1. 3: The current situation of voltage distribution level as in Jeddah. ...................... 4
Figure 1. 4: The new voltage level for all K.S.A cities. ....................................................... 4
CHAPTER-2
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
Figure 2. 1: The block diagram explain the steps of our design. ...................................... 16
LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
Table 1.1: Curricular Resources. ....................................................................................... 8
Table 1.2: Specification, constrains and the effect on the society. ..................................... 9
CHAPTER-2
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
Table 2. 1: The pros and cons of the redesign the internal distribution network. .............. 13
Table 2. 2: The pros and cons of adding a three-phase distribution transformer. ............. 13
Table 2. 3: The pros and cons of using solar cells. .......................................................... 13
Table 2. 4: The pros and cons of using the AC-AC converter. ......................................... 14
Table 2. 5: The pros and cons of keeping the original home wiring system. .................... 15
Table 2. 6: The pros and cons of change the original home wiring system. ..................... 15
Table 2. 7: The pros and cons of keeping the original home wiring system. .................... 15
Table 2. 8: The pros and cons of change the original home wiring system. ..................... 15
Table 2. 9: Project tasks and timetable. ........................................................................... 17
Table 2. 10: Team roles. ................................................................................................. 17
Table 2. 11: Tasks Contribution. ...................................................................................... 18
iii
CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION
1.1. SITUATION DESCRIPTION
Electricity gives us many benefits such as heating, cooling, lighting, cooking and
machinery operation, in addition to many other benefits produced by electrical
devices. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, electrical devices operate at two voltage
levels namely: 127 and 220 volts. The reason for that is the diversity of the internal
distribution network of houses. There are two ways to connect electrical devices:
line-to-line connection (for high electrical power devices, such as air conditioners,
and electrical ovens), and line-to-neutral connection (for low electrical power
devices, such as television, and radio). Currently, only 9% of the world countries
use (127/ 220 volts), while 70%
of them use the international voltage level
(230/400 volts) and the remaining 21% use other voltage levels (see figure 1.1)[1].
[2]
Figure 1.1: World map show the frequency and secondary distribution voltage level .
1.2. PROBLEM DEFINITION
On Monday 31, August 2010, the Council of Ministers approved the change of
voltage distribution of electricity in the whole network of Saudi Arabia to the
1
international voltage level of 230/400 volts. This means that, there will no longer
be 127 V available from the network for any consumer device requiring it, and
all electrical devices in residential applications will need to have the 230 volt
rating.
1.3. OBJECTIVES
The objective of our project is to design the internal electrical distribution network
of a building according to the international voltage level (230/400 volts) only. The
aim is to have a building with an electrical system compatible with the near level
and ready when the utility company makes the change.
1.4. PROJECT BACKGROUND
The development of electricity in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia can be divided into
two stages:
Stage 1: Initially, electricity generation was left to small, local companies. Such
companies sold power at varying rates according to local costs. In 1961 (1381
AH), the Department of Electricity Affairs was established within the Ministry of
Commerce, with a mandate to regulate the electricity generation sector and to
issue permits and licenses to electricity companies and to encourage national
investment in electric power generation.
Stage 2: In 1972 (1392 AH), the Department of Electricity Services was
established. This Department was separated from the Ministry of Commerce and
was given the additional responsibility of planning electrical services for the
Kingdom as a whole. In 1974 (1394 AH), the Ministry of Commerce was divided
into the Commerce Agency and the Industry and Electricity Agency. In that same
year, the electricity tariff was set for all companies at a level below their actual
costs.
In 1975 (1395 AH), the Government adopted ambitious plans for economic
development requiring investment in industry and electrification. The Ministry of
Industry and Electricity was formed, with an Industrial Affairs Agency and an
Electricity Affairs Agency. The Electricity Affairs Agency expanded the planning,
co-ordination and regulatory roles for providing electrical services. The Electricity
2
Corporation was established in 1976 (1396 AH) to coordinate the electricity plans
contained in the Kingdom's Development Plan.
From 1976 to 1981 (1396 - 1401 AH) all community electricity generation
was gradually subsumed under the four regional Saudi Consolidated Electricity
Companies (SCECOs), located in the Central, Eastern, Southern and Western
regions. With the formulation of a coherent development plan and the
establishment of the SCECOs, the Government was able to bring electricity to the
towns, villages and settlements throughout the Kingdom. The number of electricity
customers grew from 216,000 in 1970 (1390 AH) to 3,035,000 in 1996 and
4,955,906 in 2006. In May, 2003, electricity was made the responsibility of the
Ministry of Water and Electricity[3].
The importance and the benefits of the electrical connection among regions:
The benefits of the electrical connection among regions focus on the strategic ,
technical , operating and economical sides which can be shown as follow :

Reducing the size of necessary investment for establishing new generating
stations.

Reducing the demanded reserve for each electrical system in the participant
regions.

Reducing the costs of operating as a result of the exchange of energy between
the regions.

Saving the electrical coverage to each regions for emergency case as losing
the ability to generate electricity in any region.

Achieving the economic factor by the commercial exchange of electrical energy
among the regions.

Improving the reliability in all the electrical energy systems in the regions.
On the other hand, the distribution voltage in KSA is at different levels
(127/220 and 220/380 V). for example, the electrical distribution network in
Riyadh, Dammam and Jeddah is based on 127/220 V and in Makkah and other
cities is based on 220/380 V. We can see the cons and pros of the continued
application of 127/220 V and the cons and pros of change the voltage level to
230/400 V[4].
3
Figure 1. 2: The current situation of voltage distribution level as in Makkah.
Figure 1. 3: The current situation of voltage distribution level as in Jeddah.
Figure 1. 4: The new voltage level for all K.S.A cities.
4
The cons of the continued application of 127/220 V are :
1- Isolation from the international voltage level (230/400 V).
2- Increased accidents (shocks, and damage organs, and fires) resulting from the
use of homes as efforts (127 V and 220 V) due to faulty delivery effort is contrary
to the rated voltage of the device.
3- The need to use the adapters to connect the devices to electricity, given the
multiplicity of different types of plugs and Sockets, which weakens the security
level, threatening the safety. Continue to allow devices to the markets of the
Kingdom are designed on the efforts of less than 127 V, and lead run on nonsystematized effort to lower their operational lifetime, and low performance.
4- Difficulty in the application of certificates of conformity from the country of origin
because of importing equipment, electric voltage regulated contrary to the effort to
use in the Kingdom.
5- Difficult for factories that export of household electrical appliances to the
Kingdom of the manufacture of devices that work hard 127 V, since this process
requires additional costs to the consumer.
The pros of the continued application of 127/220 V are :
1- Insulation of cables is less with lower voltages.
2- Saving money that will paid to change.
The pros of change the voltage level to 230/400 V are :
First: for State:
1- Efforts to achieve uniformity in the electrical distribution with the GCC, which
would facilitate the standardization of the devices in the GCC, as well as for the
rest of the Arab States and the countries of the world.
2- Improve the level of security in extensions, and therefore lack of fires caused by
electricity.
3- Growth of exports of electrical appliances at competitive prices due to lower
production costs, the application of international standards on the national
industry.
4- A standardized procedure for examination and to allow electrical equipment for
customs officials view of the consolidation effort.
5- Ease of testing devices and wiring, which is reflected in the performance of
laboratories, whether government or private.
5
6- Integration with the global systems of effort, and thus benefit from the
transmission of technical minimum of disruption.
Second: for Saudi Electricity Company:
1- Reduce the cost of the meter and the electrical box installed by the consumer
due to the low current, and therefore use smaller counters, and dispensing with
the AC adapter in the counter.
2- Low energy lost in the networks, and distribution equipment.
3- To overcome the problem of low voltage distribution networks, thereby
contributing to
improving the performance and protection of home appliances.
4- Less than the number of cables used and the sectional area of the same value
of electric power, and therefore less than the costs of establishing distribution
networks.
5- Carrying capacity of the cutter, as well as the copper conductors inside the
paintings.
6- Increasing the number of participants who can be hooked up to them one
adapter in the same capacities in the present.
7- Unification of the LV for all categories of participants.
8- Standardization of equipment used in low voltage.
Third: to the consumer:
1- Plug avoid the dangers of faulty hardware as a result of the presence of Two
efforts currently.
2- Reduce the prices of hardware to match the specifications Saudi Arabia with
international standards.
3- Improving the efficiency of devices and extend their life, where they will work
best trophy.
4- The small size of the distribution panel inside the building and thus lower price.
5- Use of electrical wire with a cross-sectional area less than the extensions within
the facility, and therefore less costs.
6- Low energy lost in the electrical wiring (saving in consumption).
7- To standardize the format plugs (Sockets) in the facility.
6
Fourth: to the factory owner and an importer of hardware:
1- Agree with the hardware specifications of international standards, and therefore
increasing production opportunities for export.
2- Easy import of production equipment for factories is compatible with
international standards, and ease of exporting the products of factories devices
and electrical equipment.
3- No need for factory production lines, each effort is different, but becomes a
unified product line, which reduces costs and facilitates the transfer of technology
for the plant and reduce production costs, and therefore easier to sell it at a
competitive price locally and abroad.
4- To reduce import costs as well as ease of re-export.
The cons of change the voltage level to 230/400 V are :
1- Change all devices that work on 127 V.
2- Insulation of cables is more strong with higher voltages.
1.4.1. Relevant Standards

International Electrotechnical Standards IEC-60364 (Electrical Installations of
Buildings - Protection for safety - Protection against electric shock, Earthing
requirements).

Saudi
Arabian
Standards
Organization
(SASO/IEC/60364)
(Electrical
Installations of Buildings - Protection for safety - Protection against electric
shock, Earthing requirements, according to IEC standards).

Ministry of Water and Electricity (Technical Guidance for design an internal
electrical distribution network for building according to 230/400 V).

Saudi Building Code ( Electrical Requirements SBC 401) (Cross-section of
conductors, types of wiring and methods of installation, protective equipment).
1.4.2. Sources

The Supervisor (Dr. Ramzy Obaid).

Step by Step Guide Book " Home Wiring"[5].

The Complete Guide to Home Wiring[6].
7
1.5. CURRICULAR RESOURCES
The following table 1.1 summarizes the related topics from the different courses
the team members have taken that will be utilized in this project.
Table 1.1: Curricular Resources.
Course
BASIC
ELECTRICAL
CIRCUITS
(EE250)
ELECTRICAL
MEAS. &
INSTR.
(EE253)
Related Topic
- AC Power
Analysis.
- Three-Phase
Circuits.
Measurement
techniques and
types of errors and
how to find error
and tolerance.
-Thermal Limits to
Conductor
POWER
TRANSMISSIO
-Load
N & DIST.
Characteristics.
(EE453)
-Grounding.
SWITCHG. &
PROT. OF
POW SYS. I
(EE454)
-Circuit Breakers.
- Fuses.
Application of
topic in the project
Members
who took the
course
Understand the
RMS value, power
factor and 3-phase
calculations.
Emad,
Mansoor,
Abdul-Aziz
and
Abdullah.
Make sure from our
calculations and the
tolerances of the
project
Emad,
Mansoor,
Abdul-Aziz
and
Abdullah.
Calculate current
currying capacity
,how to estimate
maximum load by
known devices
wattage and
understand power
system grounding.
Emad,
Mansoor,
Abdul-Aziz
and
Abdullah.
Understand the
circuit breaker and
fuses ratings.
Emad,
Mansoor,
Abdul-Aziz
and
Abdullah.
1.6. SPECIFICATION DEVELOPMENT
The sources of our project specification are from Saudi Arabian Standards
Organization (SASO) , Saudi electricity company(SEC) and Saudi Building
Code(SBC) the last two sources are related to SASO.
1.7. DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS AND CONSTRAINTS
Engineering specifications, realistic constraints and the effect of the project on the
society are listed in the following table (see table 1.2).
8
Table 1.2: Specification, constrains and the effect on the society.
Specification / Constraints
The system must be compatible with:
line-to-neutral voltage of 230 V
The system must be compatible with:
line-to-line voltage of 400 V
Distributing the load approximately
equally on the three phase
The frequency is 60 Hz
The sockets
Affect on the Society
Political
Political
Economical, Safety
Political
Political
The plugs
Political
The distribution network must include
proper earthing.
The system should be capable of
withstanding voltage fluctuation of ± 5 %.
Maximum Circuit Breaker rating of 20 A.
Political, Ethical and Safety
Political, Safety
Safety
1.8. VALIDATION PROCEDURE
There are some procedures that we should follow for confirming that the design
has met all specifications and constraints, these procedures are:
1- Field measurements:
Field measurements are the main procedure that we will use to confirm our
design; we will use it to check:
a) The line-to-neutral voltage is 230 V.
b) The line-to-line voltage is 400 V.
c) Distributing the load approximately equally on the three phase.
d) The system should be capable of withstanding voltage fluctuation of ± 5 %.
2- checklist:
We will use check list to double-check :
a) The frequency is 60 Hz.
9
b) The sockets and plugs as in specification.
c) The earthing system.
d) Maximum Circuit Breaker rating of 20 A.
11
CHAPTER-2 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
2.1. INTRODUCTION
After the Council of Ministers approved the change of voltage distribution of
electricity in the whole network of Saudi Arabia to the international voltage level of
230/400 volts we will go to redesign the internal electrical distribution network of a
building according to that voltage level only. In this chapter we will discuss
alternative solutions correspond to our solution and
comparing it with that
alternative solutions.
2.2. ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TO THE GENERAL PROBLEM
We have two main issues :
a) Saudi Electricity Company (SEC) need (new voltage level : 230V line-to-neutral
and 400V line-to-line only).
b) Consumer need which is keeping the devices that operate on 127V level.
Our solution is to redesign the internal distribution network for a building according
to the new level of voltage. Our solution will verify SEC need only. But, there are
alternative solutions to solve that problem, such as:
 Adding a three-phase distribution transformer before the internal distribution
panel of a building with ratio (400/230 V to 220/127 V). Then, connect the low
side of the transformer to the main distribution panel. So, the line-to-neutral
voltage of the internal distribution network will be 127V and line-to-line be 220V
that mean no need to make any change on the internal distribution network of
the building. This solution will verify SEC need and consumer need.
 Using solar cells to feed the internal network of the building after conversion
that electrical energy to alternating energy ( DC-AC converter ''inverter''). Then,
make a new independent single-phase internal distribution network in our
building of 127V and use it to feed low power devices, and use the coming
energy from electricity company (220V line-to-neutral) to feed high power
11
 devices by the main internal distribution network. This solution will verifying
consumer need only.
 Using the AC-AC converter to change the level of the voltage from (230/400 V)
to (127/220 V) and keep the internal distribution network without any changes.
This solution will verify SEC need and consumer need.
2.3. RELEVANT ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS
There are relevant solutions to our solution that is to design the internal distribution
network for a building according to international voltage level (400/230 V), such as:

Keeping the original home wiring system and CB's for the apartments of the
building.

Change the original home wiring system and CB's for the apartments of the
building.

Keeping the original home wiring system but change CB's for the apartments of
the building.

Change the original home wiring system but keep CB's for the apartments of
the building.
2.4. COMPARING THE ALTERNATIVES AND DECIDING ABOUT THE
SOLUTION
2.4.1. Comparing The Alternatives Solutions To The General Problem
In this section, the comparison will be between; Redesign the internal distribution
network ,Adding a three-phase distribution transformer before the internal
distribution panel , Using solar cells to feed the internal network of the building by
127V and Using the AC-AC converter.
a) Redesign the internal distribution network for a building according to the new
level of voltage.
The next table (table 2.1) summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of our
selected solution.
12
Table 2. 1: The pros and cons of the redesign the internal distribution network.
Pros
Using the coming energy from Saudi Electricity
Company directly.
Improve the performance and correcting errors (if
any) for old internal distribution network design.
Avoiding the transformation problems and errors.
There is no needs to adding new equipments to
the network (solar cells generation system &
transformer).
Only one voltage level (230V line-to-neutral)
(more safety).
Cons
Need to rewiring the
network (line to line
convert to line to neutral).
The home devices works
at 127V cannot be used
(don’t meet consumer
need).
b) Adding a three-phase distribution transformer before the internal distribution
panel as we explained in section 2.2.
The next tables (table 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4) summarizes the advantages and
disadvantages of remains suggested alternative solutions.
Table 2. 2: The pros and cons of adding a three-phase distribution transformer.
Pros
Keep the internal distribution
network without any change.
The home devices works at
127V can be used.
No need to rewiring the
network.
Cons
Adding new equipment to the network
( transformer).
Two voltage levels (lower safety).
Cost of the transformer and its maintenance.
Transformation problems and errors.
The physical size of transformer and its place.
The devices which work at 127V are not
available in the markets (after few years).
The distribution of the load will be unbalance.
c) Using solar cells to feed the internal network of the building by 127 V as we
explained in section 2.2.
Table 2. 3: The pros and cons of using solar cells.
Pros
Keep the internal distribution
network without any change.
The home devices works at
127V can be used.
No need to rewiring the
network.
Cons
Adding new equipment to the network
( solar cells generation system).
Two voltage levels (lower safety than one voltage
level).
Cost of the solar cells generation system and its
maintenance.
13
Pros
Cons
Inverting problems and errors.
The physical size of solar cells generation and its
needed area.
The devices which work at 127V are not available
in the markets (after few years).
The distribution of the load will be unbalance for
the three-phase because the sockets of 127V will
not be used.
d) Using the AC-AC converter.
Table 2. 4: The pros and cons of using the AC-AC converter.
Pros
Keep the internal
distribution network without
any change.
The home devices works at
127V can be used.
No need to rewiring the
network.
Cons
Adding new equipment to the network
(AC-AC converter).
Two voltage levels
(lower safety than one voltage level).
Cost of the AC-AC converter(high cost).
Converting problems and errors
(specially in the frequency).
The devices which work at 127V are not available
in the markets (after few years).
The distribution of the load will be unbalance for
the three-phase because the sockets of 127V will
not be used.
So, we select redesign the internal distribution network solution because it
has lower cost and higher safety and has many advantages as we said and its
disadvantages are few comparing to advantages.
2.4.2. Comparing The Relevant Alternatives Solutions
In this section, the comparison will be between; Keeping the original home wiring
system but change CB's, Change the original home wiring system and CB's,
Keeping the original home wiring system and CB's and Change the original home
wiring system but keep CB's.
a) Keeping the original home wiring system but change CB's.
The next table (table 2.5) summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of our
selected relevant solution.
14
Table 2. 5: The pros and cons of keeping the original home wiring system.
Pros
Keeping the way of home wiring without
any change and no need to do a cracking
of the floor and walls to make new path
for wiring.
Lower cost.
Cons
We cannot control the length of
wires if wires length not optimize.
Redesign CB's sizes (more safety).
b) Change the original home wiring system and CB's.
The next table (table 2.6, 2.7 and 2.8) summarizes the advantages and
disadvantages of remains suggested relevant alternative solutions.
Table 2. 6: The pros and cons of change the original home wiring system.
Pros
We can control the length of wires if
wires length not optimize.
Cons
Change the way of home wiring without
any change and need to do a cracking of
the floor and walls to make new path for
wiring.
Redesign CB's sizes (more safety).
higher cost
c) Keeping the original home wiring system and CB's.
Table 2. 7: The pros and cons of keeping the original home wiring system.
Pros
Keeping the way of home wiring without
any change and no need to do a cracking
of the floor and walls to make new path
for wiring.
Cons
We cannot control the length of
wires if wires length not optimize.
Using old CB's sizes that of higher
size (less safety).
Lower cost.
d) Change the original home wiring system but keep CB's.
Table 2. 8: The pros and cons of change the original home wiring system.
Pros
We can control the length of wires
if wires length not optimize.
Cons
Change the way of home wiring without
any change and need to do a cracking of
the floor and walls to make new path for
wiring.
higher cost
Redesign CB's sizes (more safety).
15
So, we select to keep the home wiring system and change CB's sizes because
when we compare its advantages are better than the other solutions.
2.5. DESIGN METHODOLOGY
In the next block diagram (see Figure 2.1) explain the steps through which we will
proceed to accomplish our design.
Start
Find an apartment or villa to
make our design on it.
Specifications Development
Maximum load, Breakers & fuses sizes,
Distributing the load equally on three-phase.
Optimize the length of wires
and calculate wires sizes.
Check to
validate and
meet subsystem
specification.
No
Yes
Consider Reliability and
flexibility in network
Apply the design
Project Validation
End
Figure 2. 1: The block diagram explain the steps of our design.
16
2.6. PROJECT TASKS AND TIMETABLE
The table 2.9 below shows project tasks and distribution of them over the time.
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
Activity / Week
2
Table 2. 9: Project tasks and timetable.
Selecting the problem and
supervisor
Problem Definition
Specifications
Development
Searching for the project
standards
Preliminary design of the
project
Calculate the breakers and
fuses sizes
Calculate the wiring of the
internal network sizes
Prototype layout and
constructing
Test the project with the
supervisor
Report writing
Submitting
Seminars
2.7. TEAM ROLES AND CONTRIBUTION
A good job is the product of good team members, and that is achieved when
everyone takes the appropriate task according to their role in the project. These
tasks and roles have been shown in the next tables (table 2.10 and 2.11) ,for
more see information Appendix –A (team meetings and tasks distribution).
Table 2. 10: Team roles.
Member
Role
Emad Ahmed
Team Leader
Mansoor Hassan
Team Recorder
Abdulaziz Sneed
Team Writer
Abdullah Obaid
Team Facilitator
17
Table 2. 11: Tasks Contribution.
Activity
M1 M2 M3 M4
Selecting the problem and supervisor
Problem Definition
Specifications Development
Searching for the project standards
Preliminary Design of the project
Calculate the breakers and fuses
sizes
Calculate the wiring of the internal
network sizes
Prototype layout and constructing
Test the project with the supervisor
Report Writing
Submitting
Seminars
18
REFERENCES
[1] http://www.mowe.gov.sa/newmowe/English/showarticle.aspx?id=394 ( last
visited on December 13, 2010).
[2]thttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Weltkarte_der_Netzspannungen_und_Netzfreq
uenzen.svg ( last visited on December 13, 2010).
[3] http://www.saudinf.com/main/g61.htm (SAMIRAD, the Saudi Arabian Market
Information Resource); (last visited on December 10, 2010).
[4] http://www.mowe.gov.sa/newmowe/English/showarticle.aspx?id=394 (Ministry
of Water and Electricity); (last visited on December 10, 2010).
[5] Step by Step Guide Book " Home Wiring" , No.1, Step By Step Guide Book
Co. Author: Ray McReynolds. (http://www.ebookonline.net/Step-by-Step-GuideBook-on-Home-Wiring_69815.html ).
[6] The Complete Guide to Home Wiring: A Comprehensive Manual, from Basic
Repairs to Advanced Projects (Black & Decker Home Improvement Library).
19
APPENDICES
APPENDIX - A : TEAM MEETINGS
Team meeting # 1
The date: Wednesday 27, October 2010
The time: 1:00 P.M. to 2:30 P.M.
Place of the meeting : Central Library of the University.
Team members in attendance:
 Emad Ahmed (Leader).
 Mansoor Hassan (Recorder).
 Abdul-Aziz Sneed (Writer).
 Abdullah Obaid (Facilitator).
Team meeting # 2
The date: Wednesday 12 ,November 2010
The time: 10:00 P.M. to 12:00 P.M.
Place of the meeting : Student hostel.
Team members in attendance:
 Emad Ahmed (Leader).
 Mansoor Hassan (Recorder).
 Abdul-Aziz Sneed (Writer).
 Abdullah Obaid (Facilitator).
Team meeting # 3
The date: Saturday 15 ,November 2010
The time: 11:00 A.M. to 12:20 P.M.
Place of the meeting : Central Library of the University.
Team members in attendance:
 Emad Ahmed (Leader).
 Mansoor Hassan (Recorder).
 Abdul-Aziz Sneed (Writer).
 Abdullah Obaid (Facilitator).
Team meeting # 4
The date: Monday 24 ,November 2010
The time: 4:00 P.M. to 5:30 P.M.
Place of the meeting : Central Library of the University.
Team members in attendance:
 Emad Ahmed (Leader).
 Mansoor Hassan (Recorder).
 Abdul-Aziz Sneed (Writer).
 Abdullah Obaid (Facilitator).
Team meeting # 5
The date: Monday,13 ,December 2010
The time: 4:00 P.M. to 6:30 P.M.
Place of the meeting : Central Library of the University.
Team members in attendance:
 Emad Ahmed (Leader).
 Mansoor Hassan (Recorder).
 Abdul-Aziz Sneed (Writer).
 Abdullah Obaid (Facilitator).
21
Team meeting # 6
The date: Tuesday 14, December 2010
The time: 2:30 P.M. to 3:15 P.M.
Place of the meeting : Sharq 4 Hotel (The customer).
Team members in attendance:
 Emad Ahmed (Leader).
 Mansoor Hassan (Recorder).
 Abdul-Aziz Sneed (Writer).
 Abdullah Obaid (Facilitator).
Team meeting # 7
The date: Wednesday 15, December 2010
The time: 4:00 P.M. to 8:00 P.M.
Place of the meeting : Central Library of the University.
Team members in attendance:
 Emad Ahmed (Leader).
 Mansoor Hassan (Recorder).
 Abdul-Aziz Sneed (Writer).
 Abdullah Obaid (Facilitator).
Team meeting # 8
The date: Thursday 23 ,December 2010
The time: 11:00 A.M. to 1:30 P.M.
Place of the meeting : Sharq 4 Hotel (The Customer).
Team members in attendance:
 Emad Ahmed (Leader).
 Mansoor Hassan (Recorder).
 Abdul-Aziz Sneed (Writer).
 Abdullah Obaid (Facilitator).
Team meeting # 9
The date: Sunday 26 ,December 2010
The time: 3:00 P.M. to 4:30 P.M.
Place of the meeting : Central Library of the University.
Team members in attendance:
 Emad Ahmed (Leader).
 Mansoor Hassan (Recorder).
 Abdul-Aziz Sneed (Writer).
 Abdullah Obaid (Facilitator).
Team meeting # 10
The date: Saturday 1 ,January 2011
The time: 11:00 A.M. to 12:30 P.M.
Place of the meeting : Central Library of the University.
Team members in attendance:
 Emad Ahmed (Leader).
 Mansoor Hassan (Recorder).
 Abdul-Aziz Sneed (Writer).
 Abdullah Obaid (Facilitator).
21
TEAM MEETING MINUTES
Team meeting #: 1
The date: Wednesday 27, October 2010
The time: 1:00 P.M. to 2:30 P.M.
Place of the meeting : Central Library of the University
Team members in attendance:




Emad Ahmed (Leader).
Mansoor Hassan (Recorder).
Abdul-Aziz Sneed (Writer)
Abdullah Obaid (Facilitator)
Recorder: Mansoor Hassan
Meeting Facilitator: Abdullah Obaid
AGENDA ITEMS:
The problem definition of the project and the objective of it.
Topic/Item
Situation description
The problem definition
The objective of the project
Project background
Decision
Unfinished subject
Done
Done
Unfinished subject
TASK
WHO IS RESPONSIBLE
Technical writing for the situation
description
Technical writing for the problem
definition
Technical writing for the objective of
the project
Searching about the background
Mansoor Hassan
Emad Ahmed
Abdul-Aziz Sneed
Abdullah Obaid
22
TEAM MEETING MINUTES
Team meeting # 2
The date: Wednesday 12 ,November 2010
The time: 10:00 P.M. to 12:00 P.M.
Place of the meeting : Student hostel
Team members in attendance:




Emad Ahmed (Leader)
Mansoor Hassan (Recorder)
Abdul-Aziz Sneed (Writer)
Abdullah Obaid (Facilitator)
Recorder: Mansoor Hassan
Meeting Facilitator: Abdullah Obaid
AGENDA ITEMS:
Discussion the search about the object resources and revision of the object
background.
Topic/Item
Background search
Discussion background relevant standards
Discussion background sources
Search for the curricular resources
TASK
Technical writing for background
relevant standards
Technical writing for background
sources
Searching for the curricular resources
Technical Writing for curricular
resources
Decision
Done
Done
Done
Unfinished
WHO IS RESPONSIBLE
Emad Ahmed
Mansoor Hassan
Abdul-Aziz Sneed
Abdullah Obaid
23
TEAM MEETING MINUTES
Team meeting # 5
The date: Monday,13 ,December 2010
The time: 4:00 P.M. to 5:30 P.M.
Place of the meeting : Central Library of the University
Team members in attendance:




Emad Ahmed (Leader)
Mansoor Hassan (Recorder)
Abdul-Aziz Sneed (Writer)
Abdullah Obaid (Facilitator)
Recorder: Mansoor Hassan
Meeting Facilitator: Abdullah Obaid
AGENDA ITEMS:
Design specification, constrains and validation procedure.
Topic/Item
Design specifications and constrains
Validation procedure
Decision
Done
Unfinished
TASK
writing the design specifications and
constrains
Search for validation procedure
Writing specification development
WHO IS RESPONSIBLE
Writing validation procedure
Abdullah Obaid
Emad Ahmed
Mansoor Hassan
Abdul-Aziz Sneed
24
TEAM MEETING MINUTES
Team meeting # 7
The date: Wednesday 15 ,December 2010
The time: 4:00 P.M. to 8:00 P.M.
Place of the meeting : Student hostel
Team members in attendance:




Emad Ahmed (Leader)
Mansoor Hassan (Recorder)
Abdul-Aziz Sneed (Writer)
Abdullah Obaid (Facilitator)
Recorder: Mansoor Hassan
Meeting Facilitator: Abdullah Obaid
AGENDA ITEMS:
The conceptual design of the project, visiting the work place of the project.
Topic/Item
Discussion of alternative solution of general problem
Discussion relevant alternative solutions
Discussion of chosen solutions
Design methodology
Studying the work place
TASK
Drawing a map for the previous
internal network of the place
Technical writing for the introduction
of conceptual design
Technical writing for alternative
solution and relevant solution
Technical writing for design
methodology
Preparing Gantt Chart for the project
Distribute the tasks for each member
Technical writing for chosen solutions
Searching about the tools in market
Decision
Done
Done
Done
Unfinished
Unfinished
WHO IS RESPONSIBLE
Mansoor Hassan
Abdullah Obaid
Emad Ahmed
Abdulaziz sneed
Emad Ahmed
Abdulaziz Sneed
Mansoor Hassan
Abdullah Obaid
25
APPENDIX - B : IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ON VOLTAGE CHANGING
Q 1 - Do existing homes will be affected by this trend?
A 1 - will not be affected by the existing home currently, and will change the
voltage by 10 years after the decision to change to the international effort, in the
light of a phased program of change adopted by the Ministry of Water and
Electricity, and supervise its implementation, in cooperation with relevant services
of electricity, including the best interest of a participant and the electricity
company.
Q 2 - What about new buildings in the neighborhoods of the list?
A 2 - will conduct electricity to new buildings in existing neighborhoods and the
voltage 220 volts only, and should be designed electrical wiring in these buildings
to fit this effort, this effort will facilitate the conversion to 230 volts in a timely
manner.
Q 3 - What about the new schemes?
A 3 - in the new schemes will lead electricity to houses international effort 230
volts, to factories and large commercial centers on the voltage 230/400 volts.
Q 4 - Do I need to change the existing homeowner's devices? And which is
supposed to be taken into account when purchasing household electrical
appliances from now on?
A 4 - does not require existing homes on the population change of the current, but
when you buy new hardware must be on the voltage 220 volts, and everyone
avoid buying any hardware running on 127 voltage or 110 volts.
Q 5 - who will bear the cost of modifying internal wiring in existing homes after ten
years?
A 5 - will begin to modify the extensions of existing housing ten years after
issuance of the decision, during a phased program over 15 years, under the
supervision and financing of the electricity company, so it will bear the citizen costs
of modifying extensions at home If you got electricity to his home before making
that decision, or within one year of issuance , and reached a common electricity a
year after the adoption of resolution costs borne by the amendment, if any, where
you from making that decision, starting the implementation of electrical
installations in accordance with the new effort.
Q 6 - of the process of amending the extensions will be within the existing
buildings?
A 6 - will be a company or companies specialized and qualified to modify the
internal networks of existing buildings under the supervision of the Saudi Electricity
Company, according to the change program.
Q 7 - Is there any risk of new effort for the safety of the user?
A 7 - if he adheres to the requirements of security and safety in electrical wiring,
and used plugs (Sockets)-specification Saudi Arabia, there is no danger to the
user or the tenant.
26
Q 8 - Do you change your electricity meter and unequivocal, and will do so, who
bears the costs?
A 8 - all the required changes in the distribution network, including a change in the
counter and unequivocal, if necessary, will be handled by the Saudi Electricity
Company, and bear the costs.
Q 9 - Home-based effort is currently fed (127/220) volt What are the procedures
required of the occupant to do to become a voltage (230/400 volts)?
A 9 - by not buying any new hardware on the voltage 127 volts, and when you
need to replace any device that works on the voltage 127 volts, can be replaced
by a device works on dual voltage 127/220 volts, and preferably replaced by a
device works on the voltage 220 volts, which will facilitate the conversion in the
future to international effort to 230 volts.
Q 10 - When building a new house in a residential area or a new list, or set up a
factory in an industrial area new, what is required?
A 10 - must perform electrical wiring of homes and new facilities in line with the
new effort, to be connected to electricity to this effort.
Q 11 - existing plant is currently fed by the current industrial voltage (220/380
volts) Will it change the voltage to the international effort (230/400 volts)?
A 11 - The difference between the current industrial voltage (220/380 volt) and the
new international effort (230/400 volts) is located within the allowable voltage
variation, and that the buildings and facilities that feed industrial voltage 220/380
volts will not be affected by the change to the effort 230/400 volts.
Q 12 - What is the effect of changing the voltage on the import and manufacture of
electrical devices that operate on the voltage 127 volts, the voltage (127/220) volt?
A 12 - must immediately stop the import, manufacture devices that operate on the
voltage 127 volts, and can continue to import and manufacture of devices that
operate on the voltage (127/220) volt, the expansion in the manufacture and
importation of devices that operate on the voltage of 230 volts.
Q 13 - Do you use the new effort will bring savings in construction costs?
A 13 - Yes, the change in this situation has economic benefits, along with the
benefits of art, would reduce the volume of cables in the domestic distribution
network, distribution panels, as well as bites of incisors, which saves well in
construction costs, especially in homes and buildings.
Q 14 - Will it affect electricity consumption for the home or factory as a result of
this change?
A 14 - electricity consumption is estimated by kilo watt hours, will not be affected
by the change effort.
Q 15 - Do you change the voltage effect on the frequency ?
A 15- There is no trace of it, Hesitation in the power grid in the Kingdom of 60
hertz, and this change will not change effort.
27