Canada Nuclear Program
Instrumentation and Control
2015
Sunil Tikku
TWG-NPPIC Meeting at IAEA, 27th May 2015
›
- Copyright -
Presentation Outline
•Nuclear in Canada
•I&C – Key Priorities
•Recommendations for IAEA
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Nuclear in Canada
Source: Canadian Nuclear Factbook 2013
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Nuclear Power in Canada
•
•
•
•
Bruce – 6272 Mwe (8 units)
Darlington – 3512 Mwe (4 units)
Pickering – 3094 Mwe (6 units)
Point Lepreau – 635 MWe (1 unit)
Source: Canadian Nuclear Factbook 2013
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CANDU® Markets - Existing and Emerging
2 CANDU units
16 PHWR units in
operation and 4 under
construction
1 unit
44units
units
18 units
2 units
1 unit, undergoing
life extension
CANDU new build opportunities in existing markets
in Argentina, China and Romania and new markets
such as Poland and the UK.
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Nuclear Power in Canada – Key Players
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•
•
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National Regulator – Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC)
Power Utilities - Ontario Power Generation, Bruce Power, New Brunswick Power
Organization of Candu Industries - Association of 170 Leading Nuclear Suppliers
Candu Energy (member of SNC Lavalin group):
• New Build Projects
• Life Extensions
• Services
•
Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (formerly AECL):
• Research and development
• Isotopes
• Waste management / Decommissioning
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is prohibited.
6
SNC-Lavalin: Advancing CANDU®
Candu Energy Inc., a Member of the SNC-Lavalin Group, was established in 2011
to acquire the commercial reactor business of Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd.
Exclusive rights to CANDU technology
The largest EPC company in Canada with projects in 100 countries and offices in
more than 40 countries
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Life Extension
Embalse, Argentina
›
›
O&M Services
New Build
O&M services with CANDU
utilities worldwide
Cernavoda 3&4, Romania
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›
Darlington NPP, Canada
IV-CN, Argentina
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›
Bruce NPP, Canada
AFCR, China
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›
EC6 CANMOX, UK
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Safety and operational products
and services to global nuclear
industry
›
- Copyright© [2015] SNC-Lavalin Inc. and its member companies. All rights reserved. Unauthorized use or reproduction is prohibited.
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CANDU-6® Power Reactor
Features:
• Heavy water coolant and moderator
• On-power refueling
• Mid size - modular design (740 MWe)
• Natural Uranium as fuel
• Superior performance - average
lifetime Capacity Factor (CF): 88%
worldwide
• Fuel cycle flexibility
CANDU Fuel Channel Assembly
Calandria tube
Fuel bundle
Pressure tube
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8
Low Enriched Uranium
(LEU)
AFCRTM
Advanced Fuel CANDU® Reactor (AFCR™)
Thorium
Thorium Mine
Uranium Mine
Spent fuel from 4 LWRs can be reused to fuel 1 AFCR
Recovered Uranium (RU):
• 90,000 ton manufactured to date (4,000 ton/yr production)
• Average 235U content is ~0.95%
Thorium:
• Abundant “fertile” material
• Globally well distributed and more available than NU
• Superior material properties
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EC6® CANMOX™
The UK has 140 tonnes of plutonium, which can power 5,000,000 homes for 30
years in 4 MOX-ready EC6® reactors, while reducing the plutonium stockpile to
100% proliferation resistant material
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10
New Build I&C Design Enhancements
•Compliance with latest Canadian regulatory requirements and
applicables codes and standards
•Standards based development framework
•Programmatic considerations such as Human Factors,
Cyber-Security
•Improvements to enhance plant safety margins
•Changes to address Fukushima review
•Changes to address obsolescence
•Improvements to address operational experience feedback
•Improvements for higher plant performance, reduced capital
costs and more economic life-cycle operation
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is prohibited.
11
EC6 Overall I&C Architecture
Secondary Control Room
Safety Systems
›
HW Panel Devices
&
SMS Displays
› Two fully capable, independent, diverse trip systems
› Separate from Control Systems
Main Control Room
HW Panel Devices
&
SMS Displays
Single PDS
Workstation
(G2 & Limited G1)
(G1 & G2)
Multiple PDS
Workstations
&
Soft Panel Devices
› Cooling and Containment independent from trip
Safety Monitoring System
›
› SPDS functions
SMS Gateways
Distributed Control System
PDS
Gateways
G2
›
G1
› Essential Control Subsystem
› Plant Control Subsystem
Safety Systems
PCSS
ECSS
Plant Display System
›
G2
MCR and SCR panels
›
› Safety panels
G2
G1
Multiple
Partitions
G1
Electrical Isolation Devices
› Control panels
Safety Equipment (Sensors/Actuators)
Process Equipment (Sensors/Actuators)
LEGEND
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reserved. Unauthorized
use or reproduction
Signal Wiring
Class 1
is prohibited.
Class 2
SMS LAN
PDS LAN
Class 3
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EC6 - Control Centre
Safety panel
changes
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safety system
testing
- Copyrightprohibited.
Production panel /
MOC improvements
© [2015] SNC-Lavalin Inc. and its member companies. All rights reserved. Unauthorized use or reproduction is
Safety System Computers
Present CANDU 6 Design
• Process trips for SDS1 and SDS2 implemented in computer
systems from different suppliers and different software design
methods and languages
• Emergency Core Cooling, Containment and SDS Neutronic trips
are hardwired
EC6 Design
• Neutronics computerized
• FPGA being considered (for one trip system) for improved
diversity and speed
• Computerized Emergency Core Cooling
• Computerized Safety System Testing
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is prohibited.
14
Enhancements for Severe Accidents
• SBO and Extended SBO Coverage strengthened to meet
Fukushima review and new regulations
• Dedicated diesel generator / batteries and power distribution
system to handle severe accident recovery and heat removal
• Monitoring to deal with SA to be available in both MCR and
SCA
• All related instrumentation evaluated / enhanced to cover the
measurement ranges expected for SA
• Instrumentation assessed for layout and power source
considerations for post SA effectiveness
• Instrumentation designed and assessed for survivability under
SA conditions
• Reliability of plant data to Emergency Support Centres
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is prohibited.
15
Role of Control Centre Mock Up Facility
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Fully functional C-6 virtual control room
with plant simulator
•
•
•
Full scale interactive panels
DCC Emulator
APIs developed for interface with
display and control system
•
Individual system usability testing /
reviews demonstrate design correctness
from an HF standpoint
•
Lab for integration and proofs of concept
for various technologies
•
Confirms ‘faithful’ reproduction of control
programs
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© [2015] SNC-Lavalin Inc. and its member companies. All rights reserved. Unauthorized use or reproduction is prohibited.
Development of Engineering Simulator C6SIM
• To provide accurate prediction of dynamic behaviour of the
CANDU® 6 reactor
• To provide functional validation and optimization for control
algorithms
• To permit the analysis of the performance of specific
components such as
• steam generator (SG) and pressurizer,
• effect of refueling on reactivity devices
• To provide analysis and diagnosis of problems reported by
CANDU® stations in a timely manner with high confidence
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is prohibited.
17
C6SIM User Interface
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is prohibited.
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Dealing with Obsolescence
• Sourcing Strategies
• “Like for Like” components
• Components based on new technology with the same
functionality as existing components
• Components based on new technology with new
functionality
• Software based components qualified according to the
applicable software standard
• Additional or different failure modes and their effects on the
system need to be considered
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is prohibited.
19
Developing New Solutions
• In some cases we have found that for obsolete
components and new applications it makes more sense to
implement a solution using newer technologies than those
of the existing plant
•
Two approaches have been used
• Use a qualified digital platform to emulate the
functionality of the existing system
• Develop a new digital device to implement design
improvements
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is prohibited.
20
Use of New Technologies
• Requires consideration of any embedded software or
application software within the device/system
• Use of a qualified platform simplifies the task
• Categorization of the functions performed by the device
and development in accordance with the category defined
• Development in accordance with Candu procedures based on
applicable national and international standards and practices
• Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) treated largely
as a software based system
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is prohibited.
21
New Solutions - Determining What Product to Use for this
Application
Solution
• Developed an annunciation system based on a
supplier’s FPGA based Functional Safety Based
Controller (FSC) platform
• Same functionality of the existing system but
implemented in FPGA based logic
• Software qualification of the annunciator was performed
by Candu
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is prohibited.
22
›
ACCIS is an in house SCADA system :
› High Safety Pedigree – Qualified for Class 2 and Class 3
› QNX based, POSIX Compliant
› Supervisory Control, Monitoring and Annunciation
› Data Acquisition Interfaces
› Historical Data Management
› Computer-Based Procedures
› Used also in PWRs (New Builds and Retrofits) for safety applications
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is prohibited.
Recommendations for future IAEA work
• Harmonization of international standards for
• Qualification of important to safety I&C equipment
• Coordinated emergency response
• FPGA technologies – emphasis on development and V&V
• Reliability testing (Statistical) for safety systems
• Hazards Analysis for Safety Systems
• VDU based design for annunciators
• Role of secondary control area
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is prohibited.
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