Remote Control Test
What Happened?
• The remote control emits an infrared
signal
• The photo diode detected that infrared
light
• It created a feedback loop so the LED
flashed at the same code as the remote
control
Yellow duo tang
Video
Measurements
Component
Voltage (V)
Entire Circuit
6.07
Photo Diode
0.54
8300
LED light
2.24
>2,000,000*
100 Ω resistor
1.85
99.5
Resistance(Ω)
Current (mA)
18.51
* The ohmmeter did not put out enough voltage to power the LED light,
Therefore, no electricity was allowed through.
Circuit Diagram
Breadboard
• Used to created
temporary circuits without
the use of soldering
• There are tin plated
phosphor bronze or nickel
silver spring clips in the
holes
• This allows components
to connect
• An integrated circuit chip
is used to connect the left
to the right
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breadboard
http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/breadb.htm
Resistor
•
•
•
•
Resistors are color coded
1st band is 1st digit
2nd band is 2nd digit
3rd band is an exponent
multiplier, how many
zeros
• 4th band is a tolerance
band
• 5th band is quality band
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistor
100 Ω resistor
• Produces a voltage that is
proportional to the current
• They control the amount
of electricity flowing to
each component
• They are necessary for
circuits with components
that require different
amounts of current
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistor
Photo Diode
• Converts light into current
or voltage
• When a photon of
sufficient energy strikes
the diode, it excites an
electron
• We used a pen lid to
block out ambient light
• Photo diode detected
infrared light
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photodiode
LED Light
• Electrons rejoin positive
ions, this releases energy
in photons
• A photon is the basic unit
of light
• Color of light depends on
energy of photon
• Infrared LED’s are used
in remote controls
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode
1458 integrated circuit
• An integrated circuit (IC)
is a mini circuit in another
circuit to help the bigger
circuit function
• 1458 IC is a high
performance monolithic
dual operational amplifier
• Intended for multiple
applications, such as:
Summing amplifier,
Voltage follower,
integrator, Active filter,
function generator
http://search.alkon.net/cgi-bin/pdf.pl?pdfname=utc/MC1458.pdf
Operational Amplifier
http://search.alkon.net/cgi-bin/pdf.pl?pdfname=utc/MC1458.pdf
Cathode Ray Tubes - Science
• An electronic vacuum
tube that uses focused
electron beams to display
images
• A source of electrons
flows towards the anode
in a beam
• Electrons are accelerated
and deflected towards a
phosphorescent screen
• Images are displayed on
the phosphorescent
screen
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode_ray_tube
Cathode Ray Tubes - Technology
• Used in older TV’s and
other devices such as
computer monitors
• Soon they will be
obsolete because of their
size, weight and health
issues
• Still used in specialized
markets because of
higher quality
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode_ray_tube
Cathode Ray Tubes - Social
• With this technology, there are
major health implications
• There is ionizing radiation,
although not dangerous
amounts
• A slow refresh rate cause
flickering that can blur people
visions
• There is a high frequency tone
emitted that some people can
hear
• If the glass is damaged, the
vacuum can cause the glass to
fly out at high speeds
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode_ray_tube
Cathode Ray Tubes Environmental
• CRT’s contains
toxic materials
such as cadmium,
or phosphors
• Rear glass tube
may be made from
leaded glass
• This presents an
environmental
hazard if disposed
of improperly
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode_ray_tube
Electrical Power Distribution
Networks - Science
• Distribute electricity to consumers from power generators
• Uses medium voltage power lines, electrical substations,
transformers, low voltage wires, and sometime electricity meters
• The more transformers, poles, and wires there are, the more the
network costs
• Power lines are less than 50 kV, and distribution wires are less
then 1kV
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_distribution
Electrical Power Distribution
Networks - Technology
Three Phase
•Better for heavy industrial equipment
•A ground is provided, connected to conductive cases and other safety
equipment
•Resists transients better than delta because of low resistance return to
generator
Delta Three Phrase
•No distributed neutral wire so it is less expensive
•3 coils in generator rotor are in series
•Grounder is provided
Single Phase
•provides 220 or 230 volts
•Used for residential and light industrial service
•There is a few substations is each city powered by a high voltage
distribution network
Split Phase
•Provides 120 and 240 volts with 3 wires
•Substations provide intermediate voltage
•Socket voltages are 120 V, but 240 V is available for heavy appliances
•Most common system in North America
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_distribution
Electrical Power Distribution
Networks - Social
• Provides society with
electricity
• Electricity is
necessary for
everyday life in
modern society
• Without electricity we
could not have done
the experiment
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_distribution
Electrical Power Distribution
Networks - Environmental
• Scientists are striving to
fins the most efficient
method of distribution
• Distribution networks
must be flexible to allow
newer and better forms
of energy
• It is critical for the
environment that the
networks are prepared
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=932323
Solenoid Switches - Science
• Used to switch high
power circuit on and off
• Wound wire magnetic
coils
• When coil is energized,
it pulls and pushes a
plunger
• Plunger is connected to
a switch, allowing it to
turn on and off rapidly
http://www.ehow.com/about_5615039_solenoid-switch_.html
Solenoid Switches - Technology
• Used to start engines
and motors
• Used for latching and
opening mechanisms
• Such as windows,
doors and hatches
• Most common uses is
starting vehicles
http://www.ehow.com/about_5615039_solenoid-switch_.html
Solenoid Switches - Social
• Used everyday when
people start their
vehicles
• Allow cooler running
of less sophisticated
equipment
http://www.ehow.com/about_5615039_solenoid-switch_.html
Solenoid Switches - Environmental
• Solenoid switches do
not have any major
environmental effects
• Products that use
solenoid switches can
harm the environment
• Used to start vehicles
which pollutes the
environment
Andrew and Dylan