Digital Integrated Circuits – EECS 312 People Exams Purpose of
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Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Digital Integrated Circuits – EECS 312 People http://robertdick.org/eecs312/ Instructor Teacher: Office: Email: Phone: Cellphone: Robert Dick 2417-E EECS dickrp@umich.edu 734–763–3329 847–530–1824 HW engineers GSI: Office: Email: Lecture Shengshou Lu 2725 BBB luss@umich.edu Office hours: Typical Current Draw 1 sec Heartbeat 30 beats per sample SW engineers Teaching assistant 10 Sampling and Radio Transmission 9 - 15 mA 9 8 Current (mA) 7 Radio Receive for Mesh Maintenance 2 - 6 mA 6 Heartbeat 1 - 2 mA Low Power Sleep 0.030 - 0.050 mA 5 Discussion 4 3 2 1 0 200 220 240 260 280 300 Time (seconds) Office Hours 14 CMOS IBM ES9000 Power density (Watts/cm2) 12 Prescott Jayhawk(dual) Bipolar 10 T-Rex Mckinley Squadrons Fujitsu VP2000 8 IBM GP IBM 3090S IBM RY5 NTT IBM Z9 6 Fujitsu M-780 Pentium 4 IBM RY7 Pulsar 4 IBM 3090 Vacuum 0 1950 IBM 360 IBM RY6 CDC Cyber 205 IBM 4381 IBM 3081 Fujitsu M380 IBM 3033 2 IBM 370 IBM RY4 Robert Dick http://robertdick.org/ dickrp@umich.edu 1010 DOW Tuesdays and Thursdays, 14:30–16:00 2417-E EECS Tuesdays and Thursdays, 16:00–17:00 plan to extend when demand is high Shengshuo Lu Email: luss@umich.edu 1303 EECS Fridays, 12:30–13:30 2725 BBB Mondays, 10:30–12:30 Thursdays, 17:30–19:30 Apache Merced Pentium II(DSIP) 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Year of announcement 3 Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Robert Dick Digital Integrated Circuits Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Exams Purpose of Course and Course Objectives I Analyze and design combinational and sequential digital circuits in various logic families. Learn trade offs among styles, e.g., noise immunity vs. speed and density vs. static power. Midterm exam: 10 October Teach students to analyze the effect of interconnect parasitics on circuit performance. Final exam: 1:30–3:30 20 December Learn common memory structures (ROM, SRAM, and DRAM) will be described. Learn to use SPICE and Cadence schematic capture tools. Introduce students to important future trends in large-scale digital circuit design, including manufacturability issues and barriers to device scaling. 4 Robert Dick Digital Integrated Circuits 5 Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Digital Integrated Circuits Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Grading and written feedback 6 Robert Dick Grading philosophy Solutions will be posted. No fixed number of As, Bs, etc. for the class. Help with assignments and projects available during office hours and discussion sessions. If the class performs well, there will be more As than average. I may give you a supplementary reading assignment, but after you have read the required material it is fine to sit in my office doing problems and asking questions when you get stuck. When you help classmates, you needn’t have much concern about undermining your own course grade. Robert Dick Digital Integrated Circuits The converse is also true. 7 Robert Dick Digital Integrated Circuits Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment The line between collaboration and copying I Textbook Any student may discuss the problem and design ideas with any other students. However, students are individually responsible for preparing, evaluating, and reporting on their designs. Share ideas and discuss assignments. J. Rabaey, A. Chandrakasan, and B. Nikolic. Digital Integrated Circuits: A Design Perspective. Prentice-Hall, second edition, 2003. Do not copy the schematics, simulation results, or reports of other students. If you feel that you must do this, report it openly so credit can be appropriately adjusted (removed). Continued participation in the course implies that you understand that discussion is fine but claiming credit for copied work is cheating. 8 Robert Dick Digital Integrated Circuits 9 Robert Dick Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Other references 10 Four homework assignments Ben G. Streetman. Solid State Electronic Devices. Prentice-Hall, NJ, fifth edition, 2005. A week and a half allowed for each. Andrei Vladimirescu. The SPICE Book. John Wiley & Sons, second edition, 1994. 5% penalty if late on same day. Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth C. Smith. Spice for Microelectronic Circuits. Harcourt School, third edition, 1991. No credit after assignment covered in class or discussion session. Penalty is gradual – avoid all-nighters. Ivan Sutherland, Robert F. Sproull, and David Harris. Logical Effort: Designing Fast CMOS Circuits. Morgan Kaufmann, first edition, 1999. Maximum of two late days per assignment to permit timely release of solutions. Robert Dick Digital Integrated Circuits Homework due at the beginning of lecture. 10% penalty per day for late assignments. The goal is competence, not exhaustion. 11 Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Digital Integrated Circuits Grade Weightings Midterm exam: Final exam: Laboratory assignments: Final project: Homework: Research on special topic: Two weeks allowed for each laboratory project. Laboratory assignments have 10% per day late penalty. Three and a half weeks allowed for the final project. Robert Dick Robert Dick Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Four laboratory projects and a final project 12 Digital Integrated Circuits Digital Integrated Circuits 13 Robert Dick 15% 30% 20% 20% 10% 5% Digital Integrated Circuits Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment On lectures and notes Digital integrated circuits are everywhere What is a digital system? What good are ICs? How are ICs designed and fabricated? Where EECS 312 fits in one example curriculum I will use lecture slides and post them. However, the slides just provide context and make sure the most important topics are covered. I will diverge based on questions and current events. Therefore, you should see the on-line lecture notes, and take additional notes in class. 14 Robert Dick Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Digital Integrated Circuits 16 Digital integrated circuits are everywhere What is a digital system? What good are ICs? How are ICs designed and fabricated? Integrated circuits are everywhere Robert Dick Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Digital Integrated Circuits Digital integrated circuits are everywhere What is a digital system? What good are ICs? How are ICs designed and fabricated? What is a digital system? Cars, environmental control, computers, communication, etc. List possible digital system components on paper. List examples of non-digital systems or components. 18 Robert Dick Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Digital Integrated Circuits 20 Digital integrated circuits are everywhere What is a digital system? What good are ICs? How are ICs designed and fabricated? What distinguishes the two? Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Digital integrated circuits are everywhere What is a digital system? What good are ICs? How are ICs designed and fabricated? Combinational systems This course sits between the analog world and the digital view we would like to superimpose on it to simplify design. It bridges physics and computation. Sequential systems Instruction processors Reconfigurable logic You will learn the fundamentals of designing digital integrated circuits from individual transistors. Robert Dick Digital Integrated Circuits Example digital systems How are “digital” components built? 21 Robert Dick Digital Integrated Circuits 22 Robert Dick Digital Integrated Circuits Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Digital integrated circuits are everywhere What is a digital system? What good are ICs? How are ICs designed and fabricated? What good are ICs? Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Digital integrated circuits are everywhere What is a digital system? What good are ICs? How are ICs designed and fabricated? Mechanical computational aids 500 BC–1940 AD Advantages: required limited intellectual capital investment Disadvantages: manual Are there alternative ways to build digital systems? Historical perspective will help. 24 Robert Dick Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Digital Integrated Circuits 25 Robert Dick Digital integrated circuits are everywhere What is a digital system? What good are ICs? How are ICs designed and fabricated? Mechanical computers Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Digital Integrated Circuits Digital integrated circuits are everywhere What is a digital system? What good are ICs? How are ICs designed and fabricated? Programmable, electro-mechanical computers Konrad Zuse’s Z3 1941 Babbage difference engine Floating point 1822 Relay-based 4,000 components 31 digits Zuse also designed a high-level programming language, Plankalkül Advantages: Automatic 5–10 Hz Disadvantages: Slow, expensive, inflexible, big Turing complete, i.e., can simulate a universal Turing machine – a computer that can run different programs. Three tons Do mechanical computers necessarily have these characteristics? 26 Robert Dick Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Digital Integrated Circuits 27 Digital integrated circuits are everywhere What is a digital system? What good are ICs? How are ICs designed and fabricated? Electronic computer Robert Dick Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Digital Integrated Circuits Digital integrated circuits are everywhere What is a digital system? What good are ICs? How are ICs designed and fabricated? Modern digital computer Electrical numerical integrator and computer 1946 Over 1,000,000,000 transistors 18,000 vacuum tubes 1–3 GHz 30 tons Fan forces air through heatsink Heatsink has high surface area 100 kHz Unreliable 28 Robert Dick Digital Integrated Circuits 29 Robert Dick Digital Integrated Circuits Heatpipes Processor conduct generates heat heat to heatsink Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Digital integrated circuits are everywhere What is a digital system? What good are ICs? How are ICs designed and fabricated? Modern embedded digital computer Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment What changed? Tens of thousands of transistors Intellectual and physical capital: Without today’s computers, building tomorrow’s computers would be impossible A few MHz µW when sleeping Architecture: Caches, out-of-order execution, multi-processors As big as a fingernail Devices! Smart enough to save kids from SIDS or keep bridges from falling down? 30 Digital integrated circuits are everywhere What is a digital system? What good are ICs? How are ICs designed and fabricated? Robert Dick Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Digital Integrated Circuits 31 Digital integrated circuits are everywhere What is a digital system? What good are ICs? How are ICs designed and fabricated? Robert Dick Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Electro-mechanical relays Vacuum tubes Compared to vacuum tubes, Invented in 1915 by Irving Langmuir. Compared to transistors, large and large, slow. slow, Digital Integrated Circuits Digital integrated circuits are everywhere What is a digital system? What good are ICs? How are ICs designed and fabricated? unreliable, and high power. 32 Robert Dick Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Digital Integrated Circuits 33 Digital integrated circuits are everywhere What is a digital system? What good are ICs? How are ICs designed and fabricated? Robert Dick Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Discrete transistors Integrated circuit Invented in 1947 by John Bardeen Compared to integrated transistors, Independently invented in 1959 by Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce Allows a lot of transistors to be packed into a small space – and that makes all the difference in the world. large and Digital Integrated Circuits Digital integrated circuits are everywhere What is a digital system? What good are ICs? How are ICs designed and fabricated? reliable. 34 Robert Dick Digital Integrated Circuits 35 Robert Dick Digital Integrated Circuits Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Digital integrated circuits are everywhere What is a digital system? What good are ICs? How are ICs designed and fabricated? Intel Nehalem Microprocessor (2009) 731,000,000 transistors. 4 cores. 3.6 GHz. 8 MB cache. 45 nm. Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Main IC use: embedded systems Courtesy of Renesas. Courtesy of Mark Bohr at Intel. 36 Robert Dick Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Digital Integrated Circuits Digital integrated circuits are everywhere What is a digital system? What good are ICs? How are ICs designed and fabricated? Digital integrated circuits are everywhere What is a digital system? What good are ICs? How are ICs designed and fabricated? 37 Robert Dick Digital Integrated Circuits Why “integrated” matters so much for embedded systems Cellphone media application chip Courtesy of Renesas. 38 Robert Dick Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Digital Integrated Circuits Digital integrated circuits are everywhere What is a digital system? What good are ICs? How are ICs designed and fabricated? How are ICs designed and fabricated? Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Digital integrated circuits are everywhere What is a digital system? What good are ICs? How are ICs designed and fabricated? Trends Goal of the course: Understand how to use individual devices to build combinational logic, sequential logic, and complex architectures based on combinational and sequential components Embedded. Multicore. under constraints on Power density. reliability, Scaling limits. performance, design time, testing cost, area, and power consumption. 41 Robert Dick Digital Integrated Circuits 42 Robert Dick Digital Integrated Circuits Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Course topics I Course topics II 12 Transmission gates 1 Course overview and administrative details 13 Logical effort 2 Context for digital integrated circuit design 14 Dynamic logic 3 Transistor static behavior 15 Domino logic 4 Transistor dynamic behavior 16 np-CMOS 5 Fabrication 17 Interconnect behavior 6 SPICE models 18 Interconnect design 7 CMOS inverters 19 Latches 8 Inverter dynamic behavior 20 Flip-flops 9 Inverter power consumption 21 Other sequential elements 10 CMOS gates 22 Scaling and process variation 11 Pass transistor logic 23 ROM 44 Robert Dick Digital Integrated Circuits 45 Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Robert Dick Digital Integrated Circuits Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Course topics III Upcoming topics 5 September: 24 SRAM 25 DRAM Overview and history of integrated circuits. 26 Future trends Integrated circuits in the context of digital system design. Transistor static behavior. 46 Robert Dick Digital Integrated Circuits Administrative details Context for digital integrated circuit design Course topics Homework assignment Homework assignment Due 5 September. Read the course information handout. Read Sections 1.1 and 1.2 in J. Rabaey, A. Chandrakasan, and B. Nikolic. Digital Integrated Circuits: A Design Perspective. Prentice-Hall, second edition, 2003. List specific integrated circuit related topics you are interested in that you would like to see covered in the course E.g., “Why use multicore processors instead of just making unicore processors faster?” Email this to me at dickrp@umich.edu. 49 Robert Dick Digital Integrated Circuits 47 Robert Dick Digital Integrated Circuits
