NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY WARANGAL
SCHEME OF INSTRUCTION AND SYLLABI
FOR M.TECH PROGRAMS
Effective from 2014-15
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY WARANGAL
VISION
Towards a Global Knowledge Hub, striving continuously in pursuit of excellence in
Education, Research, Entrepreneurship and Technological services to the society
MISSION

Imparting total quality education to develop innovative, entrepreneurial and ethical
future professionals fit for globally competitive environment.

Allowing stake holders to share our reservoir of experience in education and
knowledge for mutual enrichment in the field of technical education.

Fostering product oriented research for establishing a self-sustaining and wealth
creating centre to serve the societal needs.
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
VISION
Create an Educational environment to prepare the students to meet the challenges of
modern electronics and communication Industry through state of art technical
knowledge and innovative approaches.
MISSION
 To create learning, Development and testing environment to meet ever challenging
needs of the Electronic Industry.

To create entrepreneurial environment and industry interaction for mutual benefit.
 To be a global partner in training human resources in the field of chip design,
instrumentation and networking.
 To associate with international reputed institution for academic excellence and
collaborative research.
2
M.TECH ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
SPECIALIZATION: Electronic Instrumentation
SCHEME AND SYLLABI
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
WARANGAL
COURSE CURRICULUM FOR THE M.TECH PROGRAMME IN
ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION
3
GRADUATE ATTRIBUTES
The Graduate Attributes are the knowledge skills and attitudes which the students have at
the time of graduation. These attributes are generic and are common to all engineering
programs. These Graduate Attributes are identified by National Board of Accreditation.
1. Scholarship of Knowledge: Acquire in-depth knowledge of specific discipline or
professional area, including wider and global perspective, with an ability to discriminate,
evaluate, analyze and synthesize existing and new knowledge, and integration of the
same for enhancement of knowledge.
2. Critical Thinking: Analyze complex engineering problems critically; apply independent
judgment for synthesizing information to make intellectual and/or creative advances for
conducting research in a wider theoretical, practical and policy context.
3. Problem Solving: Think laterally and originally, conceptualize and solve engineering
problems, evaluate a wide range of potential solutions for those problems and arrive at
feasible, optimal solutions after considering public health and safety, cultural, societal
and environmental factors in the core areas of expertise.
4. Research Skill: Extract information pertinent to unfamiliar problems through literature
survey and experiments, apply appropriate research methodologies, techniques and
tools, design, conduct experiments, analyze and interpret data, demonstrate higher order
skill and view things in a broader perspective, contribute individually/in group(s) to the
development of scientific/technological knowledge in one or more domains of
engineering.
5. Usage of modern tools: Create, select, learn and apply appropriate techniques,
resources, and modern engineering and IT tools, including prediction and modelling, to
complex engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.
6. Collaborative and Multidisciplinary work: Possess knowledge and understanding of
group dynamics, recognize opportunities and contribute positively to collaborativemultidisciplinary scientific research, demonstrate a capacity for self-management and
teamwork, decision-making based on open-mindedness, objectivity and rational analysis
in order to achieve common goals and further the learning of themselves as well as
others.
7. Project Management and Finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of
engineering and management principles and apply the same to one’s own work, as a
member and leader in a team, manage projects efficiently in respective disciplines and
multidisciplinary environments after consideration of economical and financial factors.
8. Communication: Communicate with the engineering community, and with society at
large, regarding complex engineering activities confidently and effectively, such as, being
able to comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation by adhering to
appropriate standards, make effective presentations, and give and receive clear
instructions.
9. Life-long Learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to
engage in life-long learning independently, with a high level of enthusiasm and
commitment to improve knowledge and competence continuously.
10. Ethical Practices and Social Responsibility: Acquire professional and intellectual
integrity, professional code of conduct, ethics of research and scholarship, consideration
of the impact of research outcomes on professional practices and an understanding of
responsibility to contribute to the community for sustainable development of society.
4
11. Independent and Reflective Learning: Observe and examine critically the outcomes of
one’s actions and make corrective measures subsequently, and learn from mistakes
without depending on external feedback.
5
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
PEO1.
Analyse the characteristics, process of transduction and design & develop suitable
signal conditioning circuits for the accurate measurements of various physical
variables.
PEO2.
Estimate the errors, quality & reliability and analyze the total system stability in
electronic instrumentation systems.
PEO3.
Acquire knowledge and skill in the state of art technologies by fostering innovation
and invention to meet current challenges in the field of industrial automation.
Enhance knowledge to design & develop advanced instrumentation systems for
remote monitoring and control applications.
PEO5. Communicate effectively and convey ideas using modern engineering tools and
demonstrate leadership skills in multidisciplinary environment.
PEO4.
PEO6.
Perceive lifelong learning as a means of enhancing knowledge base and skills
necessary to contribute to the improvement of their profession and community.
Mapping of Program Educational Objectives with Graduate Attributes
PO
GA1
GA2
GA3
GA4
GA5
GA6
GA7
GA8
GA9
GA10
GA11
PO1
3
3
3
1
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
PO2
3
3
3
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
PO3
3
3
3
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
PO4
3
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
PO5
3
3
3
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
PO6
3
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
PO7
3
3
3
3
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
PO8
3
3
3
3
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
PO9
2
2
3
2
3
2
1
1
2
1
2
PO10
3
3
3
3
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
PO11
3
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
PO12
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
3
3
1: Slightly
2: Moderately
6
3: Substantially
PROGRAM OUTCOMES: At the end of the program the student will be able to:
PO1
Analyze static and dynamic characteristics of sensors/transducers and their
Transduction Principles in Instrumentation systems.
PO2
Analyze and design suitable signal conditioning circuits for transducers from the
given specifications.
PO3
Understand methods of spectral estimation for statistically varying signals and
system identification.
PO4
Employ isolation, guarding, grounding and shielding techniques for avoiding stray
pickups, noise and EMI/EMC.
PO5
Design & implement analog to digital interfacing circuits and display systems.
PO6
Develop efficient hardware architecture for a PC based instrumentation system
with high speed and accuracy.
PO7
Design and develop application specific embedded instrumentation systems for
automation.
PO8
Understand mother board bus structure, operating system issues, device drivers
and design &
develop PC add-on cards to interface external circuits.
PO9
Develop Test environment using CAD tools for integrated instrumentation system.
PO10
Develop and apply DSP algorithms for advanced digital signal/image processing
(statistical and adaptive) applications.
PO11
Understand and apply P, I, D control techniques in process instrumentation for
industrial applications.
PO12
Develop and encourage collaborative and interdisciplinary research; Pursue lifelong learning as a means of enhancing the knowledge and skills.
7
Mapping of program outcomes with program educational objectives
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PO6
PO7
PO8
PO9
PO10
PO11
PO12
PEO1
3
2
3
3
3
1
2
1
2
1: Slightly
POE2
3
3
3
1
1
1
2
2
1
POE3
3
3
1
2
1
3
3
2
1
3
1
2: Moderately
8
POE4
3
1
1
2
3
3
2
1
3
1
3: Substantially
PEO5
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
-
PEO6
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
CURRICULUM COMPONENTS AND CREDIT DISTRIBUTION
Degree Requirements for M. Tech in ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION
Credits
Sem I
Sem II
Sem III
Sem IV
Range
Core courses
16
08
00
00
24
Elective
03
12
00
00
15
Lab courses
07
04
00
00
11
Seminar
00
02
-
00
02
Comprehensive viva-voce
00
00
04
00
04
Project
00
00
08
18
26
Total credits
26
26
12
18
82
9
SCHEME OF INSTRUCTION
M.Tech. (Electronic Instrumentation) Course Structure
M. Tech. I - Year I - Semester
S. No. Course No.
Course Title
L-T-P Credits
1
EC5101
Modern Spectral Estimation
4-0-0
4
2
EC5102
Transducers and Signal Conditioning Circuits
4-0-0
4
3
EC5103
Micro Processors and Micro Controllers
4-0-0
4
4
EC5104
Structured Digital System Design
4-0-0
4
Elective – I
3-0-0
3
5
6
EC5105
Transducers and Signal Conditioning Laboratory
0-0-4
3
7
EC5106
EDA Laboratory
0-0-3
2
8
EC5107
Micro Controller Laboratory
0-0-3
2
Total
26
M.Tech. I - Year II - Semester
S. No
Course No.
1
EC5151
L-T-P
Credits
Data Acquisition and Display Systems
4-0-0
4
2
Elective-II
3-0-0
3
3
Elective-III
3-0-0
3
PC Based Instrumentation
4-0-0
4
5
Elective - IV
3-0-0
3
6
Elective - V
3-0-0
3
4
EC5152
Course Title
7
EC5153
Advanced Instrumentation Laboratory
0-0-3
2
8
EC5154
PC Based Instrumentation Laboratory
0-0-3
2
9
EC5191
Seminar
0-0-3
2
Total
26
10
II Year
I - Semester
S. No.
Course No.
Course Title
1
EC6192
Comprehensive Viva
04
1
EC6149
Dissertation- Part A
08
Total
II Year
1
EC6199
Credits
12
II – Semester
Dissertation- Part B
Total No. of credits -
18
82
11
LIST OF ELECTIVES
Elective-I
EC5111
Quality and Reliability of Electronics Systems
EC5112
Electronic Equipment Design
EC5113
Software Defined Radio
Elective-II
EC5161
VLSI System Design
EC5162
Digital Control Systems
EC5163
Analytical Instrumentation
Elective- III
EC5164
Advanced Digital Signal Processing
EC5165
Biomedical Instrumentation
EC5166
Advanced Computer Architecture
Elective- IV
EC5167
FPGA Design
EC5168
Embedded System and RTOS
EC5169
Special Topics in Instrumentation
Elective-V
EC5170
Wireless Sensor Networks
EC5171
Advanced Image Processing
EC5172
Process Control Instrumentation
12
DETAILED SYLLABUS
EC5101
Modern Spectral Estimation
Core
L:4 T:0 P:0
4 Credits
Prerequisites: None
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course the student will be able to:
CO1
Estimate the spectrum of data sequence using non-parametric methods and
evaluate the quality of the spectral estimate
CO2
Analyze maximum entropy, minimum variance and Burg’s parametric
methods for AR, MA, and ARMA models.
CO3
Compare adaptive filter principles for noise cancellation and signal
enhancement using LMS&RLS algorithms
CO4
Apply estimation technique for radar signal detection in noise(Neyman –
Pearson criterion and Baye’s theory)
Mapping of COs and Pos:
PO1
PO2
CO1
CO2
CO3
CO4
PO3 PO4
3
3
2
3
PO5
PO6
PO7
PO8
PO9
PO10 PO11
3
3
3
2
PO12
2
2
2
2
Detailed Syllabus:
Power Spectral Density: Energy spectral density of deterministic signals, Power spectral
density of random signals, Properties of PSD.
PSD Estimation : Non-parametric methods Estimation of PSD from finite data,
Nonparametric
methods
:
Periodogram
properties,
bias
and
variance
analysis,
Blackman Tuckey method, Window design considerations, time-bandwidth product and
resolution - variance trade-offs in window design, Refined periodogram methods :
Bartlet method, Welch method.
PSD Estimation: Parametric methods: Parametric method for rational spectra:- Covariance
structure of ARMA process, AR signals, Yule-Walker method, Least square method,
Levinson-Durbin Algorithm, MA signals, Modified Yule-Walker method, Twostage
13
least
square method, Burg method for AR parameter estimation. Parametric method for line
spectra:- Models of sinusoidal signals in noise, Non-linear least squares method, Higher
order Yule-Walker method, MUSIC and Pisarenko methods, Min-norm method, ESPRIT
method.
Filterbank methods:
Filterbank interpretation of periodogram, Slepia base-band
filters, refined filterbank method for higher resolution spectral analysis, Capon method,
Introduction to higher order spectra.
Reading:
1) J.G.Proakis: DSP Principles, Algorithms and Applications,PHI,1992.
2) Steven M.Kay: Modern Spectral Estimation, Theory and Applications,PHI, 1988.
3) Simon Haykin:Adaptive Filters,4th Edition,Pearson Education Asia,New Delhi, 2002.
14
EC5102
Transducers & Signal Conditioning Circuits
Core
L:4 T:0 P:0
4 Credits
Prerequisites: None
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course the student will be able to:
CO1
CO2
CO3
Choose Suitable sensor/transducer for a given physical variable and
understand its principle, characteristics and determine order of the senor
Measure displacement, pressure, flow, temperature variables
Design suitable signal conditioning circuit for sensor/transducers.
CO4
Analyze the bridge circuits for calculating L, C, R
CO5
Understand noise reduction using grounding and shielding techniques.
Mapping of COs and POs:
CO1
CO2
CO3
CO4
CO5
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6
3
3
3
3
1
3
3
2
1
3
3
2
2
2
3
PO7
PO8
PO9
PO10
PO11 PO12
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
Detailed Syllabus:
TRANSDUCERS & SIGNAL CONDITIONING CIRCUITS:
GENERALISED PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF INSTRUMENTS: Functional
elements of an instrument, Generalized performance characteristics of instruments- static
characteristics, dynamic characteristics, Zero
order,
first order, second order
instruments-step response ramp response and impulse response. Response of general
form of instruments to periodic input and to transient input. Experimental determination of
measurement system parameters, loading effects under dynamic conditions.
TRANSDUCERS
FOR MOTION AND
DIMENSIONAL MEASUREMENTS: Relative
displacement, translation and rotational
resistive potentiometers, resistance
strain
gauges, LVDT,
capacitance pickups. Piezo-electric transducers, Relative acceleration
measurements, seismic acceleration pickups, calibration of vibration pickups, Gyroscopic
sensors.
TRANSDUCERS FOR FORCE MEASUREMENT: Bonded strain guage transducers,
photoelectric transducers, variable reluctance pickup, torque measurement dynamometers.
TRANSDUCERS FOR PRESSURE MEASUREMENT: Manometers, elastic transducers,
liquid systems, gas systems, very high pressure transducers, thermal conductivity
gauges, ionisation gauges, microphone.
TRANSDUCERS FOR FLOW MEASUREMENT: Hot-wire and hot-film
electromagnetic flow meters, laser Doppler velocity meter.
15
anemometers,
TRANSDUCERS FOR TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT: Thermal expansion methods,
thermometers (liquid in
glass), pressure thermometers, Thermocouples-materials,
configuration and
techniques, Resistance thermometers, Thermistors,Junction
semiconductors and Sensors, Radiation methods, Optical pyrometers. Dynamic response of
temperature sensors. Transducers for liquid level measurement, humidity, silicon and quartz
sensors, fiber optic sensors.
SIGNAL CONDITIONING CIRCUITS:
INTRODUCTION: Need for pre-processing, identification of signal conditioning blocks and
their characteristics.
BRIDGE CIRCUITS: Analysis of DC and AC bridges, Application of bridge
for variable
resistance,
inductance
and capacitance
elements,
sensitivity and calibration circuits.
circuit
bridge
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS: Deviation from ideal characteristics of Op-amps., Design
of offset and drift compensation circuits, Frequency compensation.
DESIGN OF FOLLOWING CONFIGURATIONS WITH EXAMPLES: Inverting amplifier,
non-inverting
amplifier,
summer/ difference amplifier, practical integrator and
differentiator circuits, charge amplifiers and impedance converters, voltage to current and
current to voltage converters, Current booster for output stage, logarithmic circuits,
precision
rectifiers, comparator with and without hysterisis, active filters, analog
multipliers and PLLs.
INSTRUMENTATION
AMPLIFIERS: Specifications and
amplifiers for signal conditioning circuits using commercial ICs.
use of
instrumentation
ISOLATION AMPLIFIERS: Necessity for isolation amplifiers, industrial and medical
applications of isolation amplifiers, Grounding and Shielding.
Reading:
1. Measurement systems -Application and Design, DOEBELIN, E.O., McGraw Hill, 4th
Ed.1990
2. Handbook of Operational Amplifier Circuit Design,
KAUFMAN.
16
DAVID F STOUT and MILTON
EC5103
Micro Processors & Microcontrollers
Core
L:4 T:0 P:0
4 Credits
Prerequisites: None
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course the student will be able to:
CO1
Analyze the functioning of Microprocessor and Microcontroller Architecture.
CO2
Design Microprocessor and Microcontroller based instrumentation systems.
CO3
Develop Assembly language and high-level language programming skills.
CO4
Design interfacing schemes to peripheral devices.
Mapping of COs and POs:
PO1
PO2
CO1
CO2
CO3
CO4
PO3
PO4
PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10
1
2
3
2
1
2
3
3
2
1
1
2
3
3
2
2
2
3
3
2
PO11
PO12
2
2
2
2
Detailed Syllabus:
Microcomputer Organization: CPU, Memory, I/O, Operating System, Multiprogramming,
Multithreading, MS Windows
80386 Micro Processors : Review of 8086,salient features of 80386,Architecture and
Signal Description of 80386,Register Organization of 80386,Addressing Modes,80386
Memory management, Protected mode, Segmentation, Paging, Virtual 8086 Mode,
Enhanced Instruction set of 80386,the Co- Processor 80387
Pentium & Pentium-pro Microprocessor: Salient features of Pentium microprocessor,
Pentium architecture, Special Pentium registers, Instruction Translation look aside buffer
and branch Prediction, Rapid Execution module, Memory management, hyper threading
technology, Extended Instruction set in advanced Pentium Processors
Microcontrollers: Overview of micro controllers- 8051 family microcontrollers, 80196
microcontrollers family architecture, instruction set, pin out, memory interfacing.
ARM Processor Fundamentals: Registers, current Program Status Registers, Pipeline
Exceptions, Interrupts and Vector Table, Architecture Revisions, ARM Processor families,
ARM instruction set, Thumb Instruction set-Exceptions Handing, Interrupts, Interrupt
Handling schemes,
firmware,
Embedded
operating
systems,
Caches-cache
architecture, Cache policy, Introduction to DSP on the ARM,DSP on the ARM7TDMI,
ARM9TDMI.
17
Case study-Industry Application of Microcontrollers
Reading:
1.
Barry
B. Brey:
Intel
Microprocessor
Architecture, Programming
Interfacing-8086/8088,80186, 80286, 80386 and 80486, PHI,1995.
2.
Muhammad
Ali
Mazidi
and
Embedded systems,PHI,2008
3.
Intel and ARM Data Books on Microcontrollers.
Mazidi: The
18
8051
Microcontrollers
and
and
EC-5104
Structured Digital System Design
Core
L:4 T:0 P:0
4 Credits
Prerequisites: None
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course the student will be able to:
CO1
Analyze the digital circuits for different applications
CO2
Develop Specifications for digital systems
CO3
Design and develop the digital circuits using VHDL ,Verilog
CO4
Develop test strategies for digital systems
CO5
Design robust digital systems
Mapping of COs and POs:
PO1
PO2
CO1
CO2
CO3
CO4
CO5
PO3
PO4
2
PO5 PO6
3
3
3
3
PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10
3
2
2
3
2
3
PO11
PO12
2
2
2
2
2
Detailed Syllabus:
INTRODUCTION: Digital System Design Process, EDA tools and design view points,
Behavioral, dataflow, and gate level descriptions.
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION LANGUAGES: VHDL and Verilog modeling concepts,
Behavioral and Structural architecture descriptions: Concurrent and Sequential statements,
Event driven Simulation.
BUILDING BLOCKS FOR DIGITAL SYSTEMS: Tri-state buffers, multiplexers, latches,
flip-flops, registers, counters, arithmetic and logic circuits (ALU Design), Finite state
machines.
DESIGN METHODOLOGY: Synchronous Systems, Top Down Design, Register transfer
level Design, Test Benches, Synthesis from VHDL.
IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES: Communication between unsynchronized machines, Coping
with meta-stability, logic signal transmission lines, line noise filtering power distribution and
noise in digital systems, timing and signal conventions, synchronization, Signalling
19
circuits: Terminations, Transmitter and receiver circuits, ESD protection logic families,
Timing Circuits. Introduction to Programmable Logic Devices (FPGAs, CPLDs)
Reading:
1.
William I Fletcher: An Engineering approach to Digital Design, Eastern Economy
edition, PHI Limited, 2000
2.
Digital System Engineering: William J Dally and John W Poulton Published by
Cambridge University Press
3.
A VHDL Primer: Jayaram Bhasker Published by Prentice-Hall India
4.
Digital Design and Verilog fundamentals: Joseph Cavanaugh Published by CRC
Press.
5.
The Art of Digital Design: An Introduction to Top down design: Franklin P Processer
and David E Winkel Published by Prentice-Hall
20
EC5105
Transducers & Signal Conditioning Circuits
Lab
L:0 T:0 P:4
3 Credits
Prerequisites: None
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course the student will be able to:
CO1
Identify the primary mechanisms used in sensing devices.
CO2
Understand fundamentals of designing signal conditioning circuits.
CO3
Design and develop the common physical parameter meaurement schemes
for instrumentation.
CO4
Construct calibration curves and estimate system sensitivity.
CO5
Propose, design and implement the ideas for measuring, controlling various
physical parameters of real world problems.
Mapping of COs and POs:
CO1
CO2
CO3
CO4
CO5
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
PO5
PO6
PO7
PO8
Detailed Syllabus:
TRANSDUCERS & SIGNAL CONDITIONING CIRCUITS LAB
A. Linear Displacement Measurement
1)Inductive Pickup
2)Light Dependent Registor
3)Linear Variable Differential Transformer
4)Linear Variable Resistive Potentiometer
B. Analog Displacement Measurement
1)Capacitive Pickup
21
PO9
PO10
PO11
PO12
2
2
2
2
2
2)Angular Potentiometric Transducer
C. Temperature Measurement
1)Thermocouple
2)Thermistor
D. Speed Measurement
1)Speed Measurement with Photoelectric Pickup
E. Strain Measurement
1)Strain Gauge and Load Cell
Reading:
1. Measurement systems -Application and Design, DOEBELIN, E.O., McGraw Hill, 4th
Ed. 1990
2. Handbook of Operational Amplifier Circuit Design, DAVID F STOUT and MILTON
KAUFMAN.
22
EC5106
Electronic Design Automation Laboratory
Lab
L:0 T:0 P:3
2 Credits
Prerequisites: None
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course the student will be able to:
CO1
Develop VHDL and Verilog Models for digital circuits
CO2
Analyze Digital circuits using EDA tools
CO3
Choose methods for testing of digital systems and fault analysis
CO4
Mould the students as Digital Design Engineers and learn writing test benches.
CO5
Work with the simulation tools and software.
Mapping of COs and POs:
PO1
PO2
CO1
CO2
CO3
CO4
CO5
PO3
PO4
PO5 PO6
2
2
2
2
2
PO7 PO8
1
1
1
1
1
PO9 PO10
3
3
3
3
3
PO11
PO12
2
2
2
2
2
Detailed Syllabus:
Design of Booth’s multiplier, Design of 4 bit ALU, Design of 32 bit ALU using ripple carry
and carry look ahead logic, Design of counters and shift registers, design of MIPS
Processor, Design of Washing machine controller using VHDL and Verilog.
Reading:
1. A VHDL Primer: Jayaram Bhasker Published by Prentice-Hall India
2. Digital Design and Verilog fundamentals: Joseph Cavanaugh Published by CRC Press.
3. The Art of Digital Design: An Introduction to Top down design: Franklin P Processer and
David E Winkel Published by Prentice-Hall
23
EC5107
Micro Processors and Micro controller Laboratory
Lab
L:0 T:0 P:3
1 Credits
Prerequisites: None
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course the student will be able to:
CO1
Develop assembly language and high level language programming skills to
microprocessors and microcontrollers based systems.
CO2
Analyze the hardware details of microprocessor or microcontroller based
systems.
CO3
Design Interface logic to I/O devices with microprocessor based systems.
CO4
Debug the microprocessor and micro controller based systems using
debugging tools.
Mapping of COs and POs:
PO1
PO2
CO1
CO2
CO3
CO4
PO3
PO4
PO5
PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10
2
3
3
2
2
3
2
1
2
3
3
2
1
1
2
2
2
3
PO11
PO12
2
2
2
2
Detailed Syllabus:
8086 PROGRAMS:
1. Write a simple program for arithmetic operations – addition, subtraction, multiplication
and division of 16 – bit number.
2. Write a simple program for string operations like string concatenation, swapping.
3. Write a program for interfacing LCD with 8086 and display a message.
8051 PROGRAMS:
1. Write a program for performing simple arithmetic operations.
2. Write a simple program for flashing LEDs using software delays, timers and interrupts.
3. Write a program for interfacing Seven Segment Display and LCD with 8051 and
display messages.
4. Write a program for interfacing Keypad with 8051 and display keypad input on LCD.
5. Write a program for square waveform generation, with different frequencies and duty
24
cycles.
6. Write a program for serial communication through UART using polling and
interrupt methods.
7. Write a program for interfacing ADC 0804 with 8051.
ARM NXP LPC1768 PROGRAMS:
1. Write a program for Pulse Width Modulation using on-chip PWM and analog I/O modules.
2. Write a program for interfacing Seven Segment Display and LCD to ARM processor.
3. Write a program to interface ARM processor with PC using Tera - Term.
4. Write a program to generate various waveforms.
5. Write a program for flashing LEDs using timers and interrupts.
6. Write a program for implementation of digital filter using ARM processor.
Reading:
1. Barry B.Brey: Intel Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and Interfacing8086/8088,80186, 80286, 80386 and 80486, PHI,1995.
2. Muhammad Ali Mazidi and Mazidi: The 8051 Microcontrollers and
Embedded systems,PHI,2008
3. Intel and ARM Data Books on Microcontrollers.
25
EC5111
Quality And Reliability Of Electronic Systems
Elective
L:0 T:0 P:0
3 Credits
Prerequisites: None
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course the student will be able to:
CO1
Understand the concept of reliability and its significance
CO2
Investigate a particular failure case based on systematic procedure
CO3
Plot reliability and survival graph for the given data of a product
CO4
Suggest a suitable method for the availability and maintenance of equipment.
Mapping of COs and POs:
PO1
CO1
CO2
CO3
CO4
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PO6
PO7
PO8
PO9
PO10
PO11
PO12
1
3
2
2
Detailed Syllabus:
INTRODUCTION: Definition and Importance of Quality and Reliability
CONCEPTS OF RELIABILITY: Causes of failure, Life characteristic pattern, Modes of
failure, Measures of Reliability, Derivation of the Reliability Function, Reliability
Specifications
FAILURE ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE: Failure investigation, Data collections, Data forms,
Data Sources, Reliability Analysis, Use of Probability distributions, Calculation of
performance parameters, Survival curves and their Calculation, Calculation of failure rate,
application of Weibull Distribution.
SYSTEM RELIABILITY & MODELING: Types of Systems, Series, Parallel, Series-Parallel,
and Parallel-Series system, Standby Systems , Types of Standby redundancy.
Reliability of different systems, nature of reliability problems in electronic
equipment, selection of components.
SIMULATION & RELIABILITY PREDICTION: Generation of Random Numbers, Generation
of random observations from a probability distribution, Applicability of Monte-Carlo Method,
Simulation languages.
26
MAINTAINABILITY AND AVAILABILITY: Objectives of maintenance, designing for
optimum maintainability and measure of maintainability
Availability: Uptime ratio, down time ratio and system availability
QUALITY RELIABILITY AND SAFETY: Reliability and Quality Control, Quality Circles,
Safety factor, increasing safety factors and Case Studies
Reading:
1. A.K.Govil, Reliability Engineering, TMH, 1983
2. B.S.Dhillion, Reliability Engineering in Systems Design and Operation, Van No strand
Reinhold Co., 1983
References :
1.A.E.Green and A.J.Bourne Reliability Technology, Wiley-Interscience, 1972
2.Lecture Notes – CEDT Bangalore
27
EC5112
Electronic Equipment Design
Elective
L:3 T:0 P:0
3 Credits
Prerequisites: None
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course the student will be able to:
CO1
Comprehend the requirements for electronic product design.
CO2
Analyze the thermal, mechanical and power budget.
CO3
Design the electronic equipment using design automation tool.
CO4
Employ EMI noise reduction technique in the equipment.
CO5
Select optimal sequence in multiple reactor systems
CO6
Design adiabatic plug flow reactor and fixed bed reactor in the absence of
mass transfer effects.
Mapping of COs and POs:
PO1
PO2
CO1
CO2
CO3
CO4
PO3
PO4
PO5
PO6
PO7
PO8
PO9
3
PO10
PO11
PO12
2
2
3
Detailed Syllabus:
From Requirements to product: Introduction, Development Processes and Organizations,
Opportunity Identification ,Product Planning, Identifying Customer Needs, Product
Specifications, Concept Generation, Concept Selection, concept Testing, Product
Architecture, Industrial Design, Design for Environment, Design for Manufacturing,
Prototyping, Robust Design, Patents and Intellectual Property, Product Development
Economics, Managing Projects.
Product Design and development: Overview of product development stages, Assessment
of reliability, Ergonomic and aesthetic design, quality assurance, packaging and storage,
estimating power supply requirement, power supply protection devices, noise reduction,
grounding ,shielding and guarding techniques ,Thermal management, IP code testing
PCB Designing : General considerations of PCB layout, study of IC packages, parasitic
elements in PCB due to Vias and traces , High speed and EMI/ EMC considerations in PCB
design. Design considerations for VLSI circuits.
28
Hardware and software designing and testing methods: Use of logic analyser, digital
storage oscilloscope, Mixed signal oscilloscope, for hardware testing, signal integrity testing,
use and limitations of different types of : DC, AC, monte-carlo analysis
Software designing and testing methods: software design methods, Top-Down and
Bottom-up approaches, ASM/FSM methods of design, use of assemblers, compilers,
cross compilers, simulators and ICE.
Product testing: Environmental testing, Dry heat, vibration, temperature cycling, bump and
humidity test as specified in IS standards , EMI/EMC compliance testing, standardization for
UL and CE certification of industrial electronic products.
Documentation: PCB documentation, Assembly and fabrication related documentation,
laminate grade, drilling details, plating, product documentation, Interconnection diagrams,
Front and rear panel diagrams, instruction and user manual, service and maintenance
manual, software documentation , standards and practices
Reading
1. Karl T. Ulrich and Steven D. Eppinger: Product Design and Development, MGH,
2003.
2. John R. Lindberg: Product Design and Manufacturing, PHI, 1990.
3. Thermal Design of Electronic Equipment- Monogram by CEDT, IISc. Bangalore.
29
EC5113
Software Defined Radio
Elective
L:3 T:0 P:0
3 Credits
Prerequisites: None
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course the student will be able to:
CO1
conceptualize Software Defined Radio and implementation details
CO2
Design SDR for a specific application
CO3
Identify the necessary elements and risks involved
CO4
Analyse Transmitter and Receiver architecture
Mapping of COs and POs:
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PO6
CO1
CO2
CO3
CO4
Detailed Syllabus:
PO7 PO8
2
2
2
PO9
PO10
PO11
PO12
2
2
2
3
Introduction – Software Defined Radio – A Traditional Hardware Radio Architecture –
Signal Processing Hardware History – Software Defined Radio Project Complexity.
A Basic Software Defined Radio Architecture – Introduction – 2G Radio ArchitecturesHybrid Radio Architecture- Basic Software Defined Radio Block Diagram- System Level
Functioning Partitioning-Digital Frequency Conversion Partitioning.
RF System Design – Introduction- Noise and Channel Capacity- Link Budget- Receiver
Requirements- Multicarrier Power Amplifiers- Signal Processing Capacity Tradeoff.
Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Conversion- Introduction – Digital Conversion
Fundamentals- Sample Rate- Bandpass Sampling- Oversampling- Antialias Filtering –
Quantization – ADC Techniques-Successive Approximation- Figure of Merit-DACs- DAC
Noise Budget- ADC Noise Budget.
Digital Frequency Up- and Down Converters- Introduction- Frequency Converter
Fundamentals- Digital NCO- Digital Mixers- Digital Filters- Halfband Filters- CIC FiltersDecimation, Interpolation, and Multirate Processing-DUCs - Cascading Digital Converters
and Digital Frequency Converters.
Signal Processing Hardware Components- Introduction- SDR Requirements for
Processing Power- DSPs- DSP Devices- DSP Compilers- Reconfigurable ProcessorsAdaptive Computing Machine- FPGAs
Software Architecture and Components – Introduction- Major Software Architecture
Choices – Hardware – Specific Software Architecture- Software Standards for Software
Radio-Software Design Patterns- Component Choices- Real Time Operating Systems- High
Level Software Languages- Hardware Languages.
30
Reading:
1. R.Steele Software Defined Radio.
2. Jouko Vanakka, Digital Synthesizers and Transmitter for Software Radio, Springer, 2005
3. P Kenington, RF and Baseband Techniques for Software Defined Radio, AH, 2005
31
EC5151
Data Acquisition And Display Systems
Core
L:4 T:0 P:0
4 Credits
Prerequisites: None
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course the student will be able to:
CO1
CO2
CO3
CO4
CO5
CO6
Understand the fundamentals of data acquisition, configuration, characteristic
and specifications of various components used in DAS
Comprehend data conversion concept and associate performance metrics
such as INL, DNL, ENOB, THD, SNR, and SNDR
Familiarize different methods of ADC’s and DAC’s characteristics,
specifications and applications of various commercial IC’s
Recognize various interfacing issues of ADC’s and DAC’s to a
microprocessor/PC
Identify sources of error their reduction techniques and prepare an error
budget for a given DAS that include DAC and ADC
Study the Principles, construction of display devices such as CRT, LED, and
LCD and projection systems.
Mapping of COs and POs:
CO1
CO2
CO3
CO4
CO5
CO6
PO1 PO2 PO3
2
2
1
1
2
PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9
2
3
3
3
1
3
2
2
1
3
2
2
3
3
3
2
3
2
3
3
2
2
2
PO10
PO11 PO12
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
Detailed Syllabus:
DATA LOGGERS AND DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS:
Data acquisition systemsconfigurations– components. Analog multiplexers and sample & hold circuits- specifications
and design considerations.
DACs- Specifications– Characteristics. Types of DACs- Serial, parallel, direct and
indirect DACs. Hybrid and monolithic DACs. Interfacing of DACs to microprocessors and
PCs.
ADCs- Specifications– Characteristics. Types of ADCs- Serial, parallel, direct and indirect
ADCs. Hybrid and monolithic ADCs, Sigma-delta ADCs. Interfacing of ADCs to
microprocessors and PCs.
Hybrid DAS - Schematic diagram- configurations- specifications.
32
ERROR BUDGET O F D A C s a n d A D C s .: Error sources, error reduction and
noise reduction techniques in DAS. Error budget analysis of DAS. case study of a DAC
and an ADC.
DISPLAY SYSTEMS: LCD Flat panel displays, Storage CRT displays, Plasma
displays, Projection Systems and their interfacing.
Reading:
1. ‘Users Handbook of D/A and A/D Converters’, E.R. Hnatek
2. ‘Electronic Analog/ Digital converters’, H.Schmid
3. ‘Data Converters’, G.B.Clayton
4. Devices - Applications notes
5. Acquisition & conversion handbook, Datel-Intersil
6. Applications reference manual - Analog Devices 1993
7. Analog – Digital Conversion notes, Analog devices
33
EC5152
PC Based Instrumentation
Core
L:4 T:0 P:0
4 Credits
Prerequisites: None
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course the student will be able to:
CO1
Interface an instument to desktop PC using stanard ports
CO2
Analyze standards of PC Bus structure and Mother board details
CO3
Design PC add-on cards for various applications
CO4
Write device drivers and application programs
Mapping of COs and POs:
CO1
CO2
CO3
CO4
PO1 PO2 PO3
1
2
PO4
PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10
2
3
2
3
1
3
2
3
2
2
3
2
3
2
2
2
3
2
PO11
PO12
2
2
2
2
Detailed Syllabus:
INTRODUCTION: PC in automated measurement and control systems;
advantages and disadvantages.
its relevance,
HARDWARE OVERVIEW: Evolution of PC family, various essential and desirable subsystems of PC; self test and initialization of various sub-systems (Eg. POST etc.
OPERATING SYSTEM: Essential features of OS for PC based Instrumentation,
Overview of the features of additional software modules needed for optimization
of system performance, Booting process and Command processor.
MOTHER BOARD: Functional units of Mother Board and their inter
communication;
details of "CPU Nucleus logic, DMA, Bus arbitration, NMI, Interrupt handling, coprocessor, data address and control bus logic"; I/O Slot signals; New generation
mother boards.
BUS STANDARDS: Essential features of a bus; bus
Study of standard buses; ISA, EISA, PCI, SCSI, GPIB and UXI.
design considerations;
STUDY OF STANDARD I/O CONTROLLER CARDS: I/O Ports; Serial and
Ports; Bus slots; Key board, mouse and VDU Controller cards/ logic.
Parallel
ADDITIONAL HARDWARE: Add-on card design considerations, Considerations of external
hardware design to be used with PC, usage of ports for additional hardware; Usage of
IRQ for additional hardware; Power requirements and physical dimensions of Addon cards. Need for device drivers, installable device drivers; Executable device drivers;
34
Device driver development and implementation considerations; A case study.
Reading:
1. Dexter Arthur L., The Microcomputer Bus Structures and Interface Design, Marcel
Dekker,1986.
2. N. Mathivanan: PC Based Instrumentation Concepts and Practice, PHI Learning Pvt.
Ltd.,2009.
3. Michel H. Toolay: PC Based Instrumentation and Control, 3rd Edition, CRC Press, 2005.
4. Tom Shanley, Don Anderson: PCI System Architecture, 3rd Edition, Adison Wesley Pub.
Co.,1999.
35
EC5153
Advanced Instrumentation Laboratory
Lab
L:0 T:0 P:3
2 Credits
Prerequisites: None
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course the student will be able to:
CO1
Understand the concepts and hands on experience using NI LABVIEW software.
CO2
Develop, simulate and test the fundamental analog and digital building blocks for
the measurement and instrumentation circuits ( modulation, amplifers, DSP
blocks, process controllers etc).
CO3
Design a data acquisition system from the given specifications using NI
LabView environment.
CO4
Develop hardware circuits on the Elvis platform boards and test their
performance characteristics through NI hardware interface.
CO5
Propose, design and implement the ideas for measuring, controlling various
physical parameters of real world problems using NI ELVIS kit and LABVIEW
software.
Mapping of COs and POs:
PO1
PO2
3
1
3
CO1
CO2
CO3
CO4
CO5
PO3
PO4
PO5 PO6
3
2
PO7 PO8 PO9
3
2
3
3
3
PO10
PO11
PO12
2
2
2
2
2
Laboratory experiments go in three phases:
Phase I:
Acquaintance and hands-on experience of NI LABVIEW software
Phase II:
List of Experiments based on NI LABVIEW software :
1. Design and testing of AM/DSB-SC/SSB/ASK modulation and demodulation schemes
2. Solving Linear constant coefficient difference equations
3. Implementation of Convolution for various signals
36
4. Design and testing of various DSP based applications
5. Design of analog ECG/EEG signal generators
6. Instrumentation of amplifier to acquire ECG/EEG signals
7. Design and testing of various process controllers (PI, PD, PID)
8. Simulation of A/D and D/A converters
9. Analog and digital circuits on NI ELVIS kit
10. Modelling of inverted pendulum (system modelling, parameter estimation)
Phase III: (Mini Project)
Propose, design and implement the ideas for measuring, controlling various physical
parameters of real world problems using NI ELVIS kit and LABVIEW software.
37
EC5154
PC Based Instrumentation Laboratory
Elective
L:0 T:0 P:03
2 Credits
Prerequisites: None
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course the student will be able to:
CO1
Investigate the functioning of PC ports Rs232,USB,Printer port handshaking
protocols
CO2
Develop skills to interface various instruments to PC standard ports
CO3
Design, develop and test PC add-on cards for Instrumentation applications
CO4
Develop device drivers to interface devices to PC for a given operating
environment.
Mapping of COs and POs:
PO1
PO2
CO1
CO2
CO3
CO4
PO3
PO4
PO5
PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10
2
2
3
2
2
3
2
3
2
2
3
2
3
2
1
2
3
2
PO11
PO12
2
2
2
2
Detailed Syllabus:
Instrument controller using HP 488.2 controller, HP 34970A Data acquisition
systems/switch, Arbitrary waveform generator, Process control simulator PCS327,
Tektronix dual trace oscilloscope - GPIB interface, HP34401A multimeter - GPIB interface,
HP54600 oscilloscope- GPIB interface, Keithley 2000 multimeter- GPIB interface,
Investigation of positional accuracy using robot controller, Experiments using DAC08 and
ADC08 IC's.
Reading:
1. Dexter Arthur L., The Microcomputer Bus Structures and Interface Design, Marcel
Dekker,1986.
2. N. Mathivanan: PC Based Instrumentation Concepts and Practice, PHI Learning Pvt.
Ltd.,2009.
3. Michel H. Toolay: PC Based Instrumentation and Control, 3rd Edition, CRC Press, 2005.
4. Tom Shanley, Don Anderson: PCI System Architecture, 3rd Edition, Adison Wesley Pub.
Co.,1999.
38
EC5161
VLSI System Design
Elective
L:3 T:0 P:0
3 Credits
Prerequisites: None
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course the student will be able to:
CO1
CO2
Identify clearly the sources of power consumption in a given VLSI
Circuit
Analyze and estimate dynamic and leakage power components in a
DSM VLSI circuit
CO3
Choose different types of SRAMs/ DRAMs for Low power applications
CO4
Design low power arithmetic circuits and systems
CO5
Decide at which level of abstraction it is advantageous to implement
low power techniques in a VLSI system design
Mapping of COs and POs:
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
CO1
CO2
CO3
CO4
CO5
PO6
PO7 PO8 PO9
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
PO10
PO11
PO12
2
2
2
2
2
Detailed Syllabus:
MOS TRANSISTOR THEORY: Introduction, MOS Device Design Equations, The
Complementary CMOS Inverter-DC Characteristics, The Differential Inverter, The
Transmission Gate, The Tristate Inverter, Bipolar Devices (Diodes, BJT, BiCMOS).
CMOS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY: Silicon Semiconductor Technology: An overview,
Basic CMOS Technology, CMOS Process Enhancements (Interconnect, Circuit Elements,
3-D CMOS), Layout Design Rules, Latch up, Technology-related CAD Issues.
CIRCUIT CHARACTERIZATION AND PERFORMANCE ESTIMATION: Introduction,
Resistance Estimation, Capacitance Estimation, Inductance, Switching Characteristics,
CMOS- Gate Transistor Sizing, Power Dissipation, Sizing Routing Conductor, Charge
Sharing.
CMOS CIRCUIT AND LOGIC DESIGN: CMOS Logic Gate Design, Basic Physical Design
of Simple Logic Gates, CMOS Logic Structures, Clocking Strategies, I/O Structures
(Overall Organization, Output pads, Input pads), Low-power Design.
CMOS
DESIGN
METHODS:
Design
Strategies,
39
CMOS
Chip
Design
Options
(programmable logic, programmable Gate arrays, standard-cell design, and symbolic
layout), Design Methods, Design-capture Tools, and Design Verification Tools.
CMOS TESTING: The Need for Testing, Manufacturing Test Principles (Automatic
Test Pattern Generation (ATPG)), Delay fault analysis, Design Strategies for Test, Chip
Level Test Techniques, System Level Test Techniques.
CMOS SUBSYSTEM DESIGN: Data path Operations (Addition/ Subtraction, Parity
Generators, Binary Counters, Boolean Operations-ALUs, Multiplication), Memory Elements,
Control.
Reading:
1. Kiat Seng Yeo and Kaushik Roy, Low- Voltage, Low-Power VLSI Subsystems, Edition
2009, Tata Mc Graw Hill
2. Soudris D, Piguet C and Goutis C, Designing CMOS Circuits for Low Power, Kluwer
Academic Publishers, 2002
3. Jan Rabaey, Low Power Design Essentials, Springer
40
EC5162
Digital Control Systems
Elective
L:3 T:0 P:0
3 Credits
Prerequisites: None
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course the student will be able to:
CO1
Comprehend digital control systems
CO2
Analyze time domain and frequency domain performance of digital control systems
CO3
Analyze stability criterion of digital control system
CO4
Design the digital control systems
Mapping of COs and POs:
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PO6
CO1
CO2
CO3
CO4
CO5
PO7
2
2
PO8
PO9
PO10
PO11 PO12
3
2
2
2
Detailed Syllabus:
Introduction - Advantages of Digital control systems - Practical aspects of the choice
of sampling rate and multirate sampling - Basic discrete time signals - Quantization –
Sampling theorem – Data conversion and Quantization - Sampling process - Mathematical
modeling - Data reconstruction and filtering of sampled signals – zero - order hold.
z - transform and inverse z - transform, Relationship between s - plane and z - plane Difference equation - Solution by recursion and z - transform - pulse transfer functions of
the zero - order Hold and relationship between G(s) and G(z)– Bilinear transformation .
Digital control systems - Pulse transfer function - z transform analysis of open loop, closed
loop systems - Modified z Transform - transfer function - Stability of linear digital control
systems - Stability tests.
Root loci - Frequency domain analysis - Bode plots - Gain margin and phase margin Design of Digital Control Systems based on Root Locus Technique.
Cascade and feedback compensation by continuous data controllers - Digital controllers Design using bilinear transformation - Realization of Digital PID controllers.
State equations of discrete data systems, solution of discrete state equations, State
transition Matrix: z - transform method. Relation between state equations and transfer
functions.
41
Concepts on Controllability and Observability - Digital state observer: Design of the full
order and reduced order state observer - Pole placement design by state feedback.
Design of Dead beat Controller - some case studies - Stability analysis of discrete time
systems based on Lyapunov approach.
Readings:
1. K. Ogata, Discrete Time Control Systems, PHI/Addison - Wesley Longman Pte. Ltd.,
India,Delhi, 1995.
2. B.C Kuo, Digital Control Systems, 2nd Edition, Oxford Univ Press, Inc., 1992.
42
EC5163
Analytical Instrumentation
Elective
L:3 T:0 P:0
3 Credits
Prerequisites: None
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course the student will be able to:
CO1
Characterize the molecular spectroscopy.
CO2
Comprehend the principles of ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometing.
CO3
Apply instrumentation techniques in gas chromatography, atomic absorption
spectroscopy.
Mapping of COs and POs:
PO
1
PO
2
CO1
CO2
CO3
CO4
PO
PO3 4
3
2
PO5
PO
6
PO
7
PO
8
PO
9
PO1
0
3
PO1
1
PO1
2
2
2
2
Detailed Syllabus
Review of the basic principles of molecular spectroscopy – like Rotational energy levels
Rotational spectra, electronic energy levels – electronic spectra, vibrational energy
levels – Infrared spectra. Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometry: Fundamental laws
of spectrophotometry, Instrumentation of uv-visible spectrophotometry - Radiation Sources
– Monochromators Grating monochromator systems – Detectors – photomultiplier tubes –
photodiodes - Instruments for Absorption photometry – Single beam instruments – Double
beam instruments – Scanning double beam spectrophotometer – Diode array rapid
scanning spectrometer – Double wavelength spectrophotometer - Typical applications of uvvisible spectrophotometry in qualitative and quantitative analysis. (10 hours)
Flame Emission Spectrometry (FES): Basic principles – Nebulisation - Flames and Flame
temperatures - Pressure regulators and flow meters – Schematic arrangement of a flame
emission spectrophotometer – Laminar flow burner – grating monochromator –
photomultiplier tube as detector. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS): Basic
principles – Instrumentation – Single beam and double beam atomic absorption
spectrometers – Sources for atomic absorption Hollow cathode lamp – atomizers –
flames – electrothermal atomizers –monochromators and detectors as in FES.
Non-flame atomic emission spectroscopy: Spectroscopic sources – Direct current Arc –
High voltage A.C. spark source – Inductively coupled argon plasma – Atomic emission
spectrometers – Concave grating instruments – Plane grating instruments – Echelle
43
grating spectrometer – Photomultipler tubes as detectors – modern detectors.
Infra Red Spectrophotometry: Correlation of Infrared spectra with molecular structure –
structural analysis by Infrared spectra - Instrumentation – Radiation sources – Detectors
Monochromators Double beam Infrared spectrophotometry – Fourier transform Infrared
spectrophotometers Recording Infrared spectra by KBr pellet technique – Multiple
internal reflectance technique. (8 hours)
Gas Chromatography: Basic principles – Schematic diagram of a gas chromatograph –
Sample injection system – Chromatographic columns – Detectors – Thermal conductivity
detector – Flame ionization detector – Thermionic emission detector – Electron capture
detector – Photoionization detector – Dual detectors – Typical gas chromatograms –
Applications of gas chromatography. (6 hours)
pH and Ion Selective Potentiometry: Glass membrane electrodes - Solid state sensors –
Liquid membrane electrodes – Gas sensing and enzyme electrodes – Direct reading pH
and pI meters – Digital pH meters and microprocessor based pH meters.
Introduction to continuous on-line process control – on-line potentiometric analysers –
Automatic chemical analysers – Automatic elemental analysers. ( 6 hours)
READING:
1. Instrumental methods of Analysis, by Willard, Merrit, Dean & Settle, CBS publishers
& distributors, sixth edition, 1996.
2. Hand book of Analytical Instruments, by R.S.Khanda pur, Tata McGraw Hill, 1989.
3. Hand book of Instrumental Techniques for Analytical chemistry, Frank A.Settle (Ed.),
Prentice Hall PTR, New Jersey, 1997.
44
EC5164
Advance Digital Signal Processing
Elective
L:3 T:0 P:0
3 Credits
Prerequisites: None
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course the student will be able to:
CO1
Understand the properties, functioning of DCT,KLT and wavelet transforms for
1- D and 2D-signals
CO2
Implement adaptive filter algorithms for applications in noise cancellation, deconvolution, enhancement and channel equalization.
CO3
Apply higher order spectra for solving Non-Gaussian, non-linear stochastic
problems.
CO4
Design a decimator or interpolator for the given specifications
CO5
Understand the operation of TMS 320 C5x/6x DSP Processors for application
problems
Mapping of COs and POs:
PO1
PO2
CO1
CO2
C03
C04
CO5
PO3 PO4
3
PO5
PO6
PO7
PO8
PO9
3
PO10 PO11
3
3
2
3
3
PO12
2
2
2
2
2
Detailed Syllabus:
Adaptive Filter theory: Stochastic gradient based algorithms – LMS algorithm, stability
analysis, Mean-squared error behavior. Convergence analysis, Normalized LMS algorithm,
Gradient adaptive lattice algorithm. Prediction, filtering and smoothing, adaptive
equalization, noise cancellation, blind deconvolution, adaptive IIR filters, RLS algorithmsGRLS, Gauss- Newton and RML.
Transform
techniques:
Discrete
cosine
transforms(DCTs),
Discrete
sine
transforms(DSTs), KL transforms, Hadamard transforms, Walsh transforms and Wavelet
transforms, Applications of DCTs and Wavelets.
Multirate signal processing: Decimation, Interpolation, Applications.
Linear Prediction and Optimum linear filters: Innovations representation of a stationary
random process, Gram-Schmidt Orthogonality, signal models – AR,MA and ARMA
models; Forward and backward linear prediction, solution of the normal equations, 45
Levinson – Durbin Algorithm, Schur algorithm, properties of linear- prediction error filters,
AR lattice and ARMA Lattice – Ladder filters, Wiener filters for filtering and prediction
state-space(Kalman) filters, practical aspects, Kalman filter design methodology, Wiener
filter design, Least Square methods for system modeling & Filter Design.
Digital Signal Processors: Programmable DSP architectures, multiport memory, Special
addressing modes, on chip peripherals, Architecture of TMS 320 C5X/6X,Bus structure,
Programme controller, CALU, IDEX, ARCER, ALU, BMAR, onchip memory,TMS320C5X
Assembly language, Instruction pipelining in C5X,Applications programs in C5X.
Signal analysis with higher order spectra.
READING:
1. DSP – Principles, Algorithms and Applications – JG Proakis, DG Manolakis,3rd Edition,
PHI Private Ltd., 2001.
2. Adaptive Filter Theory – S.Haykin, 2nd Edition, PRENTICE HALL.,2001
3. Signal Processing, The Model based approach – Janes V.Candy, McGraw-Hill Book
Company,1987.
REFERENCES:
1. Modern spectral estimation – SM Kay, PH Intnl, 1997.
2. Advanced Digital Signal Processing – Proakis, C.M.Rader, Fuyun, Ling C.L.Nikias,
Mcmillan Publishing Company, New York,1992.
3. Modern Digital signal processing – An Introduction – Prabhakar S.Naidu, Narosa
Publishing House,2003.
4. Adaptive Signal processing – B.Widrow & D.Stearns, PHInt 1987 Optimum Signal
Processing; An Introduction – S.J. Orfanidis, Second Edition, McGraw – Hill Book
Company, 1992.
46
EC5165
Bio Medical Instrumentation
Elective
L:3 T:0 P:0
3 Credits
Prerequisites: None
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course the student will be able to:
CO1
Model biological systems.
CO2
Comprehend the principles of transducers in bio-instrumentation.
CO3
Analyze the ECG, EEG and EMG.
CO4
Measure bio medical signal parameters.
CO5
Study pace makers, defibrillators, surgical instruments etc.
Mapping of COs and POs:
PO1
PO2
CO1
CO2
C03
C04
PO3 PO4
3
3
PO5
PO6
PO7
PO8
PO9
PO10 PO11
3
3
3
3
PO12
2
2
Detailed Syllabus:
BASICS OF BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION: Terminology, Medical Measurements
constraints, Classification of Biomedical Instruments, Introduction to biological system
modelling; Electrical and ionic properties of cellular membranes, Sources and theories of
bioelectric potentials.
BIOMEDICAL TRANSDUCERS: Types of transducers
used in Bio-instrumentation.
Recording electrodes, Electrodes theory, Biopotential electrodes, Biochemical electrodes
BIOMEDICAL SIGNAL MEASUREMET BASICS: Bioamplifiers, Measurement of PH,
oxygen and carbondioxide
THERAPEUTIC AND PROSTHETIC DEVICES:Cardiac
Pacemakers, defribillators,
Hemodynamics
&
Hemodialysis,
Ventilators,
Infant
Incubators,
Surgical
Instruments, Therapeutic Applications of the Laser
CARDIOVASCULAR MEASUREMENTS: Blood flow, pressure; Cardiac output and
impedance measurements; Pleathysmography, Measurement of Heart sounds, An
Introduction to Electrocardiography (ECG), Elements of Intensive care monitoring
heartrate monitors; Arrhythmia monitors.
EEG & EMG: Anatomy and Functions of Brain, Bioelectric Potentials from Brain, Resting
Rhythms, Clinical EEG, Instrumentation
techniques of electroencephalography,
Electromyography
47
MEDICAL IMAGING
Ultrasonography
SYSTEMS:
Radiography,
MRI,
Computed
NONINVASIVE
INSTRUMENTATION:
Temperature
Measurements,
of Ultrasonic Measurements, Ultrasonic and its applications in medicine.
Tomography,
Principles
BIOTELEMETRY: Introduction to Biotelemetry, Physiological parameters adaptable to
biotelemetry, Biotelemetry System Components, Implantable units and Applications
of Telemetry in Patient Care.
Reading:
1. L.A.Geddes and Wiley, Principles of Biomedical Instrumentation L.E.Baker (2nd Ed.)
2. L.Cromwell, Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurements, Prentice Hall.
rd
3. John G.Webster (Ed.), Medical Instrumentation – Application and Design, 3
Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc.
48
EC5166
Advanced Computer Architectures
Elective
L:3 T:0 P:0
3 Credits
Prerequisites: None
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course the student will be able to:
CO1
Understand the advanced concepts of computer architecture
CO2
Distinguish between RISC and CISC characteristics
CO3
Design structures of Pipelined and Superscalar systems
CO4
Discriminate between Parallel and Scalable Architectures
CO5
Recognize recent computer architectures and I/O devices
Mapping of COs and POs:
PO1
PO2
PO3
CO1
CO2
CO3
CO4
CO5
PO4
PO5
PO6
PO7 PO8 PO9
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
PO10
PO11
PO12
2
2
2
2
2
Detailed Syllabus:
Theory of Parallelism
PARALLEL COMPUTER MODELS – System attributes to performance, Multiprocessors
and Multicomputers,
Classifications
of
Architectures,
Multivector
and
SIMD
Computers, Architecture development tracks
PROGRAM AND NETWORK PROPERTIES Conditions for parallelism, Program
partitioning and Scheduling, Program flow mechanisms, System interconnect architectures
PRINCIPLES OF SCALABLE PERFORMANCE Performance metrics and
measures, Parallel Processing Applications, Speedup performance laws, Scalability
analysis and approaches, Hardware Technologies
PROCESSORS AND MEMORY HIERARCHY: Advanced Processor Technology,
Superscalar and Vector processors, Memory hierarchy technology, Virtual Memory.
BUS, CACHE, AND SHARED MEMORY Backplane bus systems, Cache memory
organizations, and Shared memory organizations
PIPELINING AND SUPERSCALAR TECHNIQUES Linear Pipeline processors, Nonlinear
pipeline processors, Instruction pipeline design, Arithmetic pipeline design, Superscalar
and Super Pipeline Design
49
Parallel and Scalable Architectures
MULTIPROCESSORS AND MULTICOMPUTERS Multiprocessor System Interconnects,
Cache Coherence and Synchronization mechanisms, Three generations of Multicomputers,
Message passing mechanisms
MUTIVECTOR AND SIMD COMPUTERS Vector Processing principles, Multivector
Multiprocessors, Compound vector processing, SIMD Computer organizations, The
Connection machine
Scalable, Multithreaded, and Dataflow Architectures Latency handling techniques,
Principles of Multithreading
Reading:
1. Advanced Computer Architecture,hwang Kai,Mc –graw hill,20001
References:
1. Computer Architecture, Patterson DAVID and HENNESSY JOHN, Morgan Kaufmann,
2001.
50
EC5167
FPGA Design
Elective
L:3 T:0 P:0
3 Credits
Prerequisites: None
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course the student will be able to:
CO1
At the end of the course, the student will be able to
CO2
Understand the design styles
CO3
CO4
Implement memories, multipliers, shifters, ALU using PLD
Synthesis Verilog code for special purpose processors using vertex/Spartan
FPGA
CO5
Implement parameterized library cell design
Mapping of COs and POs:
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PO6
CO1
CO2
CO3
CO4
PO7 PO8 PO9
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
PO10
PO11
PO12
2
2
Detailed Syllabus:
INTRODUCTION TO FPGAs: Design and implementation of FPGA; Evolution of
programmable devices; Application of FPGA
DEISGN EXAMPLES USING PLDs: Design of Universal block; Memory, Floating point,
Barrel shifter
SPECIAL PURPOSE PROCESSORS: Programming technologies, Commercially available
FPGAs, Xilinx’s Vertex and Spartan, Actel’s FPGA, Altera’s FLEX 10k
LOGIC BLOCK ARCHITECTURES: Logic block functionality versus area-efficiency, Logic
block area and routing model, Impact of logic block functionality on FPGA performance,
Model for measuring delay,
CASE STUDY – ACTEL FPGA
Readings:
1. John V.Old Field, Richrad C.Dorf, Field Programmable Gate Arrays, Wiley, 2008.
2. Michel John Sebastian Smith, Application Specific Integrated Circuits, Addison Wesley
Professional, 2008.
3. Stephen D. Brown, Robert J. Francis, Jonathan Rose, Zvonko G. Vranesic, Field
Programmable Gate Arrays, 2nd Edition, Springer, 1992.
51
EC5168
Embedded & Real Time Operating Systems
Elective
L:3 T:0 P:0
3 Credits
Prerequisites: None
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course the student will be able to:
CO1
Identify the functioning of embedded systems for different
applications.
CO2
Develop embedded system programming skills.
CO3
Design, implement and test an embedded system.
CO4
Identify the unique characteristics of real-time embedded
systems.
Mapping of COs and POs:
PO1
PO2
CO1
CO2
CO3
CO4
PO3
PO4
PO5
PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10
2
3
2
1
2
3
2
2
3
3
2
3
2
3
2
1
PO11
PO12
2
2
2
2
Detailed Syllabus:
Introduction to Embedded Computing: Embedded systems Overview, Characteristics of
embedded computing applications, Design Challenges, Common Design Metrics,
Processor Technology, IC Technology, Trade-offs.
The Process of Embedded System Development: The development process,
Requirements, Specification, Architecture Design, Designing Hardware and Software
components, system Integration and Testing.
Hardware platforms: Types of Hardware Platforms, Single board computers, PC Add-on
cards, custom-built hardware platforms, ARM Processor, CPU performance, CPU power
consumption, Bus-based computer systems, Memory devices, I/O devices
,component interfacing, Designing with microprocessors, system level performance
analysis.
Program Design and Analysis: components for Embedded programs, Models of
programs, Assembly, Linking, and loading, basic compilation techniques, software
performance optimization ,program level energy and Power analysis, Program validation
and Testing
52
Real-Time Operating Systems: Architecture of the kernel, Tasks and Task Scheduler,
Scheduling algorithms, Interrupt Service Routines, Semaphores, Mutex, Mailboxes,
Message queues, Event Registers, Pipes, Signals, Timers, Memory management, Priority
Inversion problem. Overview of off-the shelf operating systems-MicroC/OS II, Vxworks, RT
Linux.
Overview of Hardware –Software co design
Reading:
1. Wayne Wolf: Computers as Components-Principles of Embedded Computer
System Design,
Morgan Kaufmann Publisher-2006.
2. David E-Simon: An Embedded software Primer, Pearson Education, 2007.
3. K.V.K.K. Prasad Real-Time Systems: Concepts Design and Programming, Dreamtech
Press,2005.
53
EC5169
Special Topics In Instrumentation
Elective
L:3 T:0 P:0
3 Credits
Prerequisites: None
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course the student will be able to:
CO1
Understand virtual instrumentation concept
CO2
Design virtual instrumentation using LAB VIEW automation tool
CO3
Comprehend the principle of distributed automation & control
CO4
Analyse performance of intelligent instruments
Mapping of COs and POs:
CO1
CO2
CO3
CO4
PO1 PO2 PO3
3
3
3
3
3
3
PO4
PO5
PO6
PO7
PO8
PO9
PO10
PO11
PO12
2
2
Detailed Syllabus:
Introduction to Virtual Instrumentation– Introduction- History of Instrumentation
Systems- Evolution of Virtual Instrumentation- Premature Challenges- Virtual
Instrumentation - Programming Requirements- Drawbacks of Recent ApproachesConventional Virtual Instrumentation-Distributed Virtual Instrumentation- Virtual Instruments
Versus Traditional Instruments- Performance- Platform-Independent Nature- FlexibilityEvolution of LabVIEW- Advantages of LabVIEW - Virtual Instrumentation in the Engineering
Process - Virtual Instruments Beyond the Personal Computer.
Programming Concepts Introduction- Control Structures- Selection Structures- The
Formula Node- Arrays- Clusters- Waveform Charts- Waveform Graphs - XY GraphsStrings- Tables- List Boxes- File Input/Output.
Inputs and Outputs- Introduction- Components of Measuring- Origin of Signals –
Transducer- Sensors- General Signal Conditioning Functions- Analog-to-Digital
Control- Digital-to-Analog Control.
Data Transmission Concepts- Introduction- Pulse Codes- Analog and Digital Modulation
Techniques- Wireless Communication- RF Network Analyser- Distributed Automation and
Control Systems- SCADA- Architecture- Security Concerns- Analysis of the Vulnerabilities
of SCADA Systems- Security Recommendations.
Current Trends in Instrumentation-Introduction- Fiber-Optic Instrumentation- Fiber-Optic
Sensors- Fiber-Optic Pressure Sensors - Fiber-Optic Voltage Sensor- Fiber-Optic Liquid
54
Level Monitoring- Optical Fiber Temperature Sensors- Fiber-Optic Stress Sensor FiberOptic Gyroscope Polarization Maintaining- Gratings in Fiber- Advantages of Fiber Optics
Instrumentation- Measurement of Velocity, Distance, and LengthLASER Heating,
Welding, Melting, and Trimming- Laser Trimming and Melting- Smart InstrumentsComputer-Aided Software Engineering- The TEXspecTool for Computer-Aided Software
Engineering- MEMS- Calibration and Standards- Topics in Intelligent Instrumentation.
Prescribed Books:
1. S. Sumathi and P. Surekha: LabVIEW based Advanced Instrumentation Systems,
Springer Publications, 2007.
2. Handouts from web sources.
55
EC5170
Wireless Sensor Networks
Elective
L:3 T:0 P:0
3 Credits
Prerequisites: None
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course the student will be able to:
CO1
CO2
CO3
CO4
Identify the constituents of Wireless Sensor Network along with
technical specifications for various civilian and military applications.
Understand the challenges in coverage and routing for energy
efficiency.
Indicate possible node architectures for specific applications Indicate
possible node architectures for specific applications.
Program sensor network platforms using specialized operating system.
Mapping of COs and POs:
PO1
PO2
CO1
CO2
CO3
CO4
CO5
PO3
PO4
PO5
PO6 PO7 PO8
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
PO9 PO10
3
3
3
PO11
PO12
2
2
2
2
2
Detailed Syllabus
Introduction
Constraints and Challenges, Opportunities and Challenges in Wireless Sensor Networks,
Advantages of Sensor Networks (Energy Advantage and Detection Advantage), Sensor
Network Applications, Smart Transportation, Collaborative Processing, Key Definitions
Sensor Network Architecture and Applications
Introduction, Functional Architecture for Sensor Networks, Sample Implementation
Architectures, Classification of WSNs, Characteristics, Technical Challenges, and Design
Directions, Technical Approaches, Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks, Location in
Wireless Sensor Networks, Data Gathering and Processing
Infrastructure Establishment: Topology Control, Clustering, Time Synchronization,
Localization and Localization Services
Sensor Network Platforms and Tools: Individual Components of SN Nodes, Sensor
Network Node, WSNs as Embedded Systems, Sensor Node Hardware, Sensor Network
Programming Challenges, Node- Level Software Platforms, Node-Level Simulators,
Programming beyond Individual Nodes: State-Centric Programming.
56
Taxonomy of Routing Techniques: Routing Protocols, Future Directions,
Applications/Application Layer Protocols, Localization Protocols, Time Synchronization
Protocols, Transport Layer Protocols, Network Layer Protocols, Data Link Layer Protocols
Reading:
1. Wireless Sensor Networks: F. ZHAO, C GUIBAS, Elsevier, Morgan Kaufmann, 2004.
2. Hand book of Sensor Networks, MOHAMMAD ILYAS, IMAD MAHGOUB, CRC
Press,2005.
3. Wireless Sensor Networks: Technology, Protocols and Applications, K. Sohraby, D.
Minoli and T.Znati, Wiley Interscience, 2007.
57
EC5171
Advanced Image Processing
Elective
L:3 T:0 P:0
3 Credits
Prerequisites: None
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course the student will be able to:
CO1
Interpret, Analyze, model and Process the Image data using appropriate
methods, algorithms and software tools.
CO2
Analyze and evaluate an image processing system and suggest
enhancements to improve the system performance
CO3
Apply suitable tools to develop, simulate and demonstrate the working of
image processing systems as per the application needs.
CO4
Specify and design optimal processing techniques for the given Imaging
problem to efficiently use the available hardware and software tools.
Mapping of COs and POs:
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PO6
CO1
CO2
CO3
CO4
PO7
PO8
PO9
PO10 PO11
3
3
3
3
PO12
2
2
2
2
Detailed Syllabus:
INTRODUCTION: Digital Image Representation, Fundamental Steps in Digital Image
Processing, Elements of Digital Image Processing Systems.
DIGITAL IMAGE FUNDAMENTALS: Elements of Visual Perception, A Simple image
model, Image sensing and acquisition, Image Sampling and Quantization, Neighborhood of
Pixels, Pixel Connectivity, Labeling of Connected Components, Distance Measures,
Arithmetic and Logic Operations, Image Transformations, Perspective Transformations,
Stereo Imaging.
IMAGE ENHANCEMENT: Spatial Domain Methods, Point processing,Intensity
Transformations, Histogram Processing, Spatial filtering, Smoothing Filters, Sharpening
Filters, Image Enhancement in the Frequency Domain, smoothing filters, Low Pass Filtering,
sharpening filters, High Pass Filtering, Homomorphic filtering, Pseudo-Color Image
Enhancement.
IMAGE RESTORATION: Model of image degradation/ restoration process, noise models,
restoration in presence of noise only- spatial filtering, periodic noise reduction by frequency
domain filters, Inverse filtering.
58
IMAGE COMPRESSION: Fundamentals of Compression, Image Compression Model,
Error free Compression, Huffman and LZW coding, Lossy Predictive Coding, Transform
Coding.
IMAGE SEGMENTATION: Detection of Discontinuities, Line Detection, Edge Detection,
Edge Linking and Boundary Detection, Thresholding, Threshold Selection on Boundary
Characteristics, Region Growing , Region Splitting and Merging, Use of motion in
Segmentation.
IMAGE REPRESENTATION AND DESCRIPTION: Chain Codes, Polygonal
Approximations, Signatures, Skeleton, Boundary Descriptions, Shape Numbers, Fourier
descriptors, Moments, Topological Descriptors.
IMAGE RECOGNITION AND INTERPRETATION: Elements of Image Analysis, Pattern
and Pattern Classes, Minimum Distance Classifier, Matching by Correlation, Baye’s
Classifier, Neural Network Training Algorithm, Structural methods, syntactic recognition.
Reading:
(1)
Digital Image Processing: Rafael C Gonzalez and Richard E Woods,
Pearson Education Asia, New Delhi, 2000.
(2)
Digital Image Processing and Analysis: B. Chanda, D. Dutta Majumder, PHI,
New Delhi, 2000.
(3)
Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing: A.K. Jain, PHI, New Delhi, 2001.
59
EC5172
Process Control Instrumentation
Elective
L:3 T:0 P:0
3 Credits
Prerequisites: None
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course the student will be able to:
CO1
CO2
CO3
CO4
CO5
Understand the basic principles and importance of process control in
industrial process plants
Identify the use of block diagrams, State Diagram & the mathematical basis
for the design of control systems
Recognize the necessity to study and to be familiar with the necessary
methodologies in order to study the dynamic behaviour of processes.
Design and tune process (PID) controllers
Specify the required instrumentation and final elements to ensure that welltuned control is achieved.
Mapping of COs and POs:
PO1
CO1
CO2
CO3
CO4
CO5
PO2 PO3
1
1
1
1
1
PO4
PO5
PO6 PO7
1
1
1
1
1
PO8
PO9
PO10 PO11
3
3
3
3
3
PO12
2
2
2
2
2
Detailed Syllabus:
INTRODUCTION TO PROCESS CONTROL: Classification of Control strategies, process
control Block diagrams, Control and modelling philosophies.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF CHEMICAL PROCESSES:
General modelling
principles, models of representative processes, linearization of non-linear models.
DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF SYSTEMS: Standard process inputs, response of integrating
process units, Approximation of higher order systems, Integrating and non-integrating
processes, transfer function models for distributed systems, development of empirical
dynamic models from step response data.
DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF CLOSED LOOP CONTROL SYSTEMS: Block diagram
representation, closed loop transfer function, closed loop response of simple control
systems.
CONTROLLER PRINCIPLES : Controllers examples, control system parameters,
Discontinuous Controller modes, continuous controller modes, Digital versions of PID
controllers.
60
ANALOG CONTROLLERS :Electronic Controllers, pneumatic controllers.
CONTROLLER DESIGN: Performance criteria for closed loop system, design relations
for PID controllers.
CONTROLLER TUNING: Guidelines for common control loops, trial and error
tuning, continuous cycling method, process reaction curve method, troubleshooting of
control loops.
CONTROL SYSTEM INSTRUMENTATION: Transducers and transmitters, Final control
elements, Transmission lines, Accuracy in Instrumentation .
FEED FORWARD AND RATIO CONTROL: Introduction to feed forward control and ratio
control, feed forward controller design, configurations for feedback control.
ADVANCED CONTROL STRATEGIES: Cascade control, adaptive control system.
SUPERVISORY CONTROL : Basic requirements in supervisory control, applications
for supervisory control.
DIGITAL COMPUTER CONTROL: Role for digital computer system in Process control,
Distributed instrumentation and Control Systems, Digital control software, A table driven
PID controller, programmable logic controllers.
Reading:
1. ‘Process dynamics and Control’ by Dale E Seborg etal, JohnWiley & Sons, N. York, 89
2. ‘Process Systems Analysis and Control’ by Donald R.Coughanowr, Mc. Graw Hill,
N.York, 1991, 2nd Edition.
3. ‘Process Control Instrumentation Technology’ by C urtis D.Johnson, Pearson Education,
2003, Seventh Edition.
61