Foundation Unit
Addition
Subtraction
Children are encouraged to develop a
mental picture of the number system in
their heads to use for calculation.
Children are encouraged to
develop a mental picture of the
number system in their heads to
use for calculation.
Children will experience equal
groups of objects.
They develop ways of recording
calculations using pictures etc.
They will begin to count in 2s
They develop ways of recording
calculations using pictures, etc.
Multiplication
They will work on practical
problem solving activities
involving equal sets or groups.
Bead strings or bead bars can be used
to illustrate addition
Bead strings or bead bars can be
used to illustrate subtraction
including bridging through ten by
counting back 3 then counting
8+2=10 back 2.
They use numberlines and practical
resources to support calculation and
teachers demonstrate the use of the
numberline.
6-2=4
They use numberlines and
practical resources to support
calculation. Teachers
demonstrate the use of the
numberline.
Division
Children will understand equal
groups and share items out in
play and problem solving.
They will begin to count in 2s
Written Calculations - Stage One
Addition
Subtraction
Taking away from sets (9 – 4 = 5)
        
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Stepping back along a number track
Progressing to use of a prepared / numbered number line
0
1
2
3
4
5
Multiplication
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Progressing to use of a prepared / numbered number line
0
15
Division
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12 13 14 15
Written Calculations – Stage Two
Addition
Subtraction
(49 + 14 = 63)
49 + 10
+ 4
Adding two digit and three digit numbers
(Children partition 14 into 10 and 4 before making the jumps)
+10
+1
Subtracting two digit and three digit numbers
49 - 14 = 35
+1 +1 +1
49 – 10
-4
(Children partition 14 into 10 and 4 before making the jumps)
-1
49
59
60 61
-1
-1
-10
62 63
(129 + 26 = 155 )
129 + 10 (Children partition 26 into two 10s and 6 units before making the
+ 10 jumps)
+6
+10
+10
+1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1
129
-1
139
149
150
35 36 37 38 39
49
(147 - 33 = 114)
147 - 10 (Children partition 33 into three 10s and 3 units before making the
jumps
- 10
- 10
-3
-1 -1 -1
-10
-10
-10
151 152 153 154 155
114
115
116
117
127
137
147
Multiplication
Division
Repeated addition on a number line – TU X U
(12 x 4 = 48)
+4
+4 +4 +4 +4 +4 +4 +4 +4 +4 +4
Divide 2 digit numbers by 1 digit numbers – find remainders
+4
(23 ÷ 5 = 4 r3)
-3
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
44
-5
-5
-5
-5
48
0
3
8
13
18
23
Children should be able to round the remainder up or down depending on the
context
Written Calculations – Stage Three
Addition
Subtraction
Adding two digits and three digits (expanded column)
Partitioning TU +T U
Partitioning HTU + TU
56 + 39
625 + 48
50
30
80
600
6
9 +
15 80 + 15 = 95
600
20
40
60
Subtracting two digits and three digits (expanded column)
Partitioning TU – TU
Stage 1
79 – 46
5
8 +
13
600 + 60 + 13 = 673
Stage 2
83 – 47
70
70
40
30
9
6 3
= 33
80
40
30
1
Partitioning HTU - TU
Stage 3
435 - 67
300
3
7 6
= 36
400
300
120
30
60
60
1
5
7 8
= 368
Use the term ‘borrowing’
Multiplication
Division
Number line using known times tables facts - TU x U
(13 x 4 = 52)
10
3
+ 40 (10x4)
+4 +4 +4
0
40
44
48
52
Using the bus stop method to solve division with remainders
84 ÷ 4
X4
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
X6
6
12
18
24
30
36
42
48
54
60
21r2
4 ) 86
243 ÷ 6
0 3 5 R3
6) 2 ²1 ³3
Written Calculations – Stage Four
Addition
Subtraction
Whole numbers and decimals
Practice without ‘carrying’
Whole numbers and decimals
Using ‘carrying’
Practice without ‘borrowing’
354 + 245
735 + 587
496 + 47
354
245 +
599
735
587 +
1322
496
47
5 4 3
1 1
1
746 – 325
784 – 267
74 6
32 5 42 1
7 8
2 6
5 1
7
+
1
Multiplication
156 x 9
100 9
50
6
8
20
160
X 100
9
4
7 7
5
11
1
6 2 3
4 5 8 1 6 5
Using the bus stop method to solve division with remainders
84 ÷ 4
X
1
623 - 458
Division
Partitioning using the grid method TU x U, HTU x U and TU x TU
23 x 8
20
3
Using ‘borrowing’
900
3
24
50
450
100
60 0
20 4
100 80 4
6
900
400
54
1300
+
= 184
00 0
50 0
50 4 +
100 4 =1404
X4
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
X6
6
12
18
24
30
36
42
48
54
60
21r2
4 ) 86
243 ÷ 6
0 3 5 R3
6) 2 ²1 ³3
Written Calculations - Stage Five
Addition
Subtraction
As per Stage 4
As per Stage 4
Multiplication
Division
As per Stage 4
Long division HTU ÷ TU
972 ÷ 36
27
36 ) 972
- 720
252
- 252
0
Answer :
20 x 36
7 x
27
36