Table of Total Emissivity
These tables are presented for use as a guide when making
infrared temperature measurements with the OMEGASCOPE®
or other infrared pyrometers. The total emissivity (ε) for Metals,
Non-metals and Common Building Materials are given.
Material
Temp °F (°C)
Alloys
20-Ni, 24-CR, 55-FE, Oxid.
392 (200)
20-Ni, 24-CR, 55-FE, Oxid.
932 (500)
60-Ni , 12-CR, 28-FE, Oxid. 518 (270)
60-Ni , 12-CR, 28-FE, Oxid. 1040 (560)
80-Ni, 20-CR, Oxidized
212 (100)
80-Ni, 20-CR, Oxidized
1112 (600)
80-Ni, 20-CR, Oxidized
2372 (1300)
Aluminium
Unoxidized
77 (25)
Unoxidized
212 (100)
Unoxidized
932 (500)
Oxidized
390 (199)
Oxidized
1110 (599)
Oxidized at 599°C (1110°F) 390 (199)
Oxidized at 599°C (1110°F) 1110 (599)
Heavily Oxidized
200 (93)
Heavily Oxidized
940 (504)
Highly Polished
212 (100)
Roughly Polished
212 (100)
Commercial Sheet
212 (100)
Highly Polished Plate
440 (227)
Highly Polished Plate
1070 (577)
Bright Rolled Plate
338 (170)
Bright Rolled Plate
932 (500)
Alloy A3003, Oxidized
600 (316)
Alloy A3003, Oxidized
900 (482)
Alloy 1100-0
200-800 (93-427)
Alloy 24ST
75 (24)
Alloy 24ST, Polished
75 (24)
Alloy 75ST
75 (24)
Alloy 75ST, Polished
75 (24)
Bismuth, Bright
176 (80)
Bismuth, Unoxidized
77 (25)
Bismuth, Unoxidized
212 (100)
Brass
73% Cu, 27% Zn, Polished 476 (247)
73% Cu, 27% Zn, Polished 674 (357)
62% Cu, 37% Zn, Polished 494 (257)
62% Cu, 37% Zn, Polished 710 (377)
83% Cu, 17% Zn, Polished 530 (277)
Matte
68 (20)
Burnished to Brown Colour
68 (20)
Cu-Zn, Brass Oxidized
392 (200)
Cu-Zn, Brass Oxidized
752 (400)
Cu-Zn, Brass Oxidized
1112 (600)
Unoxidized
77 (25)
Unoxidized
212 (100)
Cadmium
77 (25)
Carbon
Lampblack
77 (25)
Unoxidized
77 (25)
Unoxidized
212 (100)
Unoxidized
932 (500)
Candle Soot
250 (121)
Filament
500 (260)
Graphitized
212 (100)
Graphitized
572 (300)
Graphitized
932 (500)
Chromium
100 (38)
Chromium
1000 (538)
Chromium, Polished
302 (150)
Cobalt, Unoxidized
932 (500)
Cobalt, Unoxidized
1832 (1000)
Columbium, Unoxidized
1500 (816)
Columbium, Unoxidized
2000 (1093)
Copper
Cuprous Oxide
100 (38)
Cuprous Oxide
500 (260)
Cuprous Oxide
1000 (538)
Black, Oxidized
100 (38)
Etched
100 (38)
Matte
100 (38)
Roughly Polished
100 (38)
ε–Emissivity
.90
.97
.89
.82
.87
.87
.89
.02
.03
.06
.11
.19
.11
.19
.20
.31
.09
.18
.09
.04
.06
.04
.05
.40
.40
.05
.09
.09
.11
.08
.34
.05
.06
.03
.03
.03
.04
.03
.07
.40
.61
.60
.61
.04
.04
.02
.95
.81
.81
.79
.95
.95
.76
.75
.71
.08
.26
.06
.13
.23
.19
.24
.87
.83
.77
.78
.09
.22
.07
Material
Since the emissivity of a material will vary as a function of
temperature and surface finish, the values in these tables should
be used only as a guide for relative or delta measurements.
The exact emissivity of a material should be determined when
absolute measurements are required.
Temp °F (°C)
Polished
100 (38)
Highly Polished
100 (38)
Rolled
100 (38)
Rough
100 (38)
Molten
1000 (538)
Molten
1970 (1077)
Molten
2230 (1221)
Nickel Plated
100-500 (38-260)
Dow Metal
0.4-600 (–18-316)
Gold
Enamel
212 (100)
Plate (.0001)
Plate on .0005 Silver 200-750 (93-399)
Plate on .0005 Nickel 200-750 (93-399)
Polished
100-500 (38-260)
Polished
1000-2000 (538-1093)
Haynes Alloy C,
Oxidized
600-2000 (316-1093)
Haynes Alloy 25,
Oxidized
600-2000 (316-1093)
Haynes Alloy X,
Oxidized
600-2000 (316-1093)
Inconel Sheet
1000 (538)
Inconel Sheet
1200 (649)
Inconel Sheet
1400 (760)
Inconel X, Polished
75 (24)
Inconel B, Polished
75 (24)
Iron
Oxidized
212 (100)
Oxidized
930 (499)
Oxidized
2190 (1199)
Unoxidized
212 (100)
Red Rust
77 (25)
Rusted
77 (25)
Liquid
2760-3220 (1516-1771)
Cast Iron
Oxidized
390 (199)
Oxidized
1110 (599)
Unoxidized
212 (100)
Strong Oxidation
40 (104)
Strong Oxidation
482 (250)
Liquid
2795 (1535)
Wrought Iron
Dull
77 (25)
Dull
660 (349)
Smooth
100 (38)
Polished
100 (38)
Lead
Polished
100-500 (38-260)
Rough
100 (38)
Oxidized
100 (38)
Oxidized at 1100°F
100 (38)
Gray Oxidized
100 (38)
Magnesium
100-500 (38-260)
Magnesium Oxide1880-3140 (1027-1727)
Mercury
32 (0)
"
77 (25)
"
100 (38)
"
212 (100)
Molybdenum
100 (38)
"
500 (260)
"
1000 (538)
"
2000 (1093)
" Oxidized at 1000°F
600 (316)
" Oxidized at 1000°F
700 (371)
" Oxidized at 1000°F
800 (427)
" Oxidized at 1000°F
900 (482)
" Oxidized at 1000°F
1000 (538)
Monel, Ni-Cu
392 (200)
Monel, Ni-Cu
752 (400)
Monel, Ni-Cu
1112 (600)
Monel, Ni-Cu Oxidized
68 (20)
Z-88
ε–Emissivity
.03
.02
.64
.74
.15
.16
.13
.37
.15
.37
.11-.14
.07-.09
.02
.03
.90-.96
.86-.89
.85-.88
.28
.42
.58
.19
.21
.74
.84
.89
.05
.70
.65
.42-.45
.64
.78
.21
.95
.95
.29
.94
.94
.35
.28
.06-.08
.43
.43
.63
.28
.07-.13
.16-.20
.09
.10
.10
.12
.06
.08
.11
.18
.80
.84
.84
.83
.82
.41
.44
.46
.43
METALS
Material
Temp °F (°C)
Monel, Ni-Cu Oxid. at 1110°F 1110 (599)
Nickel
Polished
100 (38)
Oxidized
100-500 (38-260)
Unoxidized
77 (25)
Unoxidized
212 (100)
Unoxidized
932 (500)
Unoxidized
1832 (1000)
Electrolytic
100 (38)
Electrolytic
500 (260)
Electrolytic
1000 (538)
Electrolytic
2000 (1093)
Nickel Oxide
1000-2000 (538-1093)
Palladium Plate (.00005
on .0005 silver)
200-750 (93-399)
Platinum
100 (38)
"
500 (260)
"
1000 (538)
Platinum, Black
100 (38)
"
500 (260)
"
2000 (1093)
" Oxidized at 1100°F
500 (260)
"
1000 (538)
Rhodium Flash (0.0002
on 0.0005 Ni)
200-700 (93-371)
Silver
Plate (0.0005 on Ni) 200-700 (93-371)
Polished
100 (38)
"
500 (260)
"
1000 (538)
"
2000 (1093)
Steel
Cold Rolled
200 (93)
Ground Sheet 1720-2010 (938-1099)
Polished Sheet
100 (38)
"
500 (260)
"
1000 (538)
Mild Steel, Polished
75 (24)
Mild Steel, Smooth
75 (24)
Mild Steel,
Liquid
2910-3270 (1599-1793)
Steel, Unoxidized
212 (100)
Steel, Oxidized
77 (25)
Steel Alloys
Type 301, Polished
75 (24)
Type 301, Polished
450 (232)
Type 301, Polished
1740 (949)
Type 303, Oxidized 600-2000 (316-1093)
Type 310, Rolled 1500-2100 (816-1149)
Type 316, Polished
75 (24)
Type 316, Polished
450 (232)
Type 316, Polished
1740 (949)
Type 321
200-800 (93-427)
Type 321 Polished 300-1500 (149-815)
Type 321 w/BK Oxide 200-800 (93-427)
Type 347, Oxidized 600-2000 (316-1093)
Type 350
200-800 (93-427)
Type 350 Polished 300-1800 (149-982)
Type 446, Polished 300-1500 (149-815)
Type 17-7 PH
200-600 (93-316)
Type 17-7 PH
Polished
300-1500 (149-815)
Type C1020,
Oxidized
600-2000 (316-1093)
Type PH-15-7 MO 300-1200 (149-649)
Stellite, Polished
68 (20)
Tantalum, Unoxidized
1340 (727)
"
2000 (1093)
"
3600 (1982)
"
5306 (2930)
Tin, Unoxidized
77 (25)
"
212 (100)
Tinned Iron, Bright
76 (24)
"
212 (100)
ε–Emissivity
.46
.05
.31-.46
.05
.06
.12
.19
.04
.06
.10
.16
.59-.86
.16-.17
.05
.05
.10
.93
.96
.97
.07
.11
.10-.18
.06-.07
.01
.02
.03
.03
.75-.85
.55-.61
.07
.10
.14
.10
.12
.28
.08
.80
.27
.57
.55
.74-.87
.56-.81
.28
.57
.66
.27-.32
.18-.49
.66-.76
.87-.91
.18-.27
.11-.35
.15-.37
.44-.51
.09-.16
.87-.91
.07-.19
.18
.14
.19
.26
.30
.04
.05
.05
.08
Z
Table of Total Emissivity Cont’d
Material
Temp °F (°C)
Titanium
Alloy C110M,
Polished
300-1200 (149-649)
" Oxidized at
538°C (1000°F)
200-800 (93-427)
Alloy Ti-95A,
Oxid. at
538°C (1000°F)
200-800 (93-427)
Anodized onto SS
200-600 (93-316)
Material
Adobe
ε–Emissivity
.08-.19
.51-.61
.35-.48
.96-.82
Temp °F (°C)
ε–Emissivity
68 (20)
.90
Asbestos
Board
100 (38)
Cement
32-392 (0-200)
Cement, Red
2500 (1371)
Cement, White
2500 (1371)
Cloth
199 (93)
Paper
100-700 (38-371)
Slate
68 (20)
Asphalt, pavement
100 (38)
Asphalt, tar paper
68 (20)
Basalt
68 (20)
Brick
Red, rough
70 (21)
Gault Cream
2500-5000 (1371-2760)
Fire Clay
2500 (1371)
Light Buff
1000 (538)
Lime Clay
2500 (1371)
Fire Brick
1832 (1000)
Magnesite, Refractory
1832 (1000)
Gray Brick
2012 (1100)
Silica, Glazed
2000 (1093)
Silica, Unglazed
2000 (1093)
Sandlime
2500-5000 (1371-2760)
Carborundum
1850 (1010)
Ceramic
Alumina on Inconel 800-2000 (427-1093)
Earthenware, Glazed
70 (21)
Earthenware, Matte
70 (21)
Greens No. 5210-2C 200-750 (93-399)
Coating No. C20A
200-750 (93-399)
Porcelain
72 (22)
White Al2O3
200 (93)
Zirconia on Inconel 800-2000 (427-1093)
Clay
68 (20)
" Fired
158 (70)
" Shale
68 (20)
" Tiles, Light Red 2500-5000 (1371-2760)
" Tiles, Red
2500-5000 (1371-2760)
" Tiles,
Dark Purple 2500-5000 (1371-2760)
Concrete
Rough
32-2000 (0-1093)
Tiles, Natural 2500-5000 (1371-2760)
" Brown
2500-5000 (1371-2760)
" Black
2500-5000 (1371-2760)
Cotton Cloth
68 (20)
Dolomite Lime
68 (20)
Emery Corundum
176 (80)
Glass
Convex D
212 (100)
Convex D
600 (316)
Convex D
932 (500)
Nonex
212 (100)
Nonex
600 (316)
Nonex
932 (500)
Smooth
32-200 (0-93)
.96
.96
.67
.65
.90
.93
.97
.93
.93
.72
.93
.26-.30
.75
.80
.43
.75-.80
.38
.75
.88
.80
.59-.63
.92
.69-.45
.90
.93
.89-.82
.73-.67
.92
.90
.62-.45
.39
.91
.69
.32-.34
.40-.51
.78
.94
.63-.62
.87-.83
.94-.91
.77
.41
.86
.80
.80
.76
.82
.82
.78
.92-.94
Material
Tungsten
Unoxidized
Unoxidized
Unoxidized
Unoxidized
Unoxidized
Unoxidized
Filament (Aged)
Filament (Aged)
Filament (Aged)
Temp °F (°C)
ε–Emissivity
Uranium Oxide
77 (25)
212 (100)
932 (500)
1832 (1000)
2732 (1500)
3632 (2000)
100 (38)
1000 (538)
5000 (2760)
.02
.03
.07
.15
.23
.28
.03
.11
.35
Temp °F (°C)
ε–Emissivity
Granite
70 (21)
.45
Gravel
100 (38)
.28
68 (20)
32 (0)
.80-.90
.97
Ice, Rough
32 (0)
Lacquer
Black
200 (93)
Blue, on Al Foil
100 (38)
Clear, on Al Foil (2 coats)
200 (93)
Clear, on Bright Cu
200 (93)
Clear, on Tarnished Cu
200 (93)
Red, on Al Foil (2 coats)
100 (38)
White
200 (93)
White, on Al Foil (2 coats)
100 (38)
Yellow, on Al Foil (2 coats)
100 (38)
Lime Mortar
100-500 (38-260)
Limestone
100 (38)
Marble, White
100 (38)
" Smooth, White
100 (38)
" Polished Gray
100 (38)
Mica
100 (38)
Oil on Nickel
0.001 Film
72 (22)
0.002 "
72 (22)
0.005 "
72 (22)
Thick "
72 (22)
Oil, Linseed
On Al Foil, uncoated
250 (121)
On Al Foil, 1 coat
250 (121)
On Al Foil, 2 coats
250 (121)
On Polished Iron, .001 Film
100 (38)
On Polished Iron, .002 Film
100 (38)
On Polished Iron, .004 Film
100 (38)
On Polished Iron, Thick Film 100 (38)
Paints
Blue, Cu2O3
75 (24)
Black, CuO
75 (24)
Green, Cu2O3
75 (24)
Red, Fe2O3
75 (24)
White, Al2O3
75 (24)
White, Y2O3
75 (24)
White, ZnO
75 (24)
White, MgCO3
75 (24)
White, ZrO2
75 (24)
White, ThO2
75 (24)
White, MgO
75 (24)
White, PbCO3
75 (24)
Yellow, PbO
75 (24)
Yellow, PbCrO4
75 (24)
Paints, Aluminium
100 (38)
10% Al
100 (38)
26% Al
100 (38)
Dow XP-310
200 (93)
Paints, Bronze
Low
Gum Varnish (2 coats)
70 (21)
Gum Varnish (3 coats)
70 (21)
Cellulose Binder (2 coats)
70 (21)
.98
Material
METALS
Material
Gypsum
Ice, Smooth
Z-89
.96
.78
.08 (.09)
.66
.64
.61 (.74)
.95
.69 (.88)
.57 (.79)
.90-.92
.95
.95
.56
.75
.75
.27
.46
.72
.82
.09
.56
.51
.22
.45
.65
.83
.94
.96
.92
.91
.94
.90
.95
.91
.95
.90
.91
.93
.90
.93
.27-.67
.52
.30
.22
.34-.80
.53
.50
.34
Temp °F (°C)
ε–Emissivity
1880 (1027)
.79
Zinc
Bright, Galvanized
100 (38)
Commercial 99.1%
500 (260)
Galvanized
100 (38)
Oxidized
500-1000 (260-538)
Polished
100 (38)
Polished
500 (260)
Polished
1000 (538)
Polished
2000 (1093)
.23
.05
.28
.11
.02
.03
.04
.06
NON-METALS
Material
Temp °F (°C)
Paints, Oil
All colors
200 (93)
Black
200 (93)
Black Gloss
70 (21)
Camouflage Green
125 (52)
Flat Black
80 (27)
Flat White
80 (27)
Gray-Green
70 (21)
Green
200 (93)
Lamp Black
209 (98)
Red
200 (93)
White
200 (93)
Quartz, Rough, Fused
70 (21)
Glass, 1.98 mm
540 (282)
Glass, 1.98 mm
1540 (838)
Glass, 6.88 mm
540 (282)
Glass, 6.88 mm
1540 (838)
Opaque
570 (299)
Opaque
1540 (838)
Red Lead
212 (100)
Rubber, Hard
74 (23)
Rubber, Soft, Gray
76 (24)
Sand
68 (20)
Sandstone
100 (38)
Sandstone, Red
100 (38)
Sawdust
68 (20)
Shale
68 (20)
Silica,Glazed
1832 (1000)
Silica, Unglazed
2012 (1100)
Silicon Carbide
300-1200 (149-649)
Silk Cloth
68 (20)
Slate
100 (38)
Snow, Fine Particles
20 (–7)
Snow, Granular
18 (–8)
Soil
Surface
100 (38)
Black Loam
68 (20)
Plowed Field
68 (20)
Soot
Acetylene
75 (24)
Camphor
75 (24)
Candle
250 (121)
Coal
68 (20)
Stonework
100 (38)
Water
100 (38)
Waterglass
68 (20)
Wood
Beech P!aned
Oak, Planed
Spruce, Sanded
Low
158 (70)
100 (38)
100 (38)
ε–Emissivity
.92-.96
.92
.90
.85
.88
.91
.95
.95
.96
.95
.94
.93
.90
.41
.93
.47
.92
.68
.93
.94
.86
.76
.67
.60-.83
.75
.69
.85
.75
.83-.96
.78
.67-.80
.82
.89
.38
.66
.38
.97
.94
.95
.95
.93
.67
.96
.80-.90
.94
.91
.89
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