INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
1-3 May, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
BOOK OF ABSTRACTS
(IWOBOE-2014)
May 1-3, 2014/Konya/TURKEY
Honorary Chair:
Prof. Dr. Hakkı GÖKBEL
Rector of Selcuk University, Konya, TURKEY
Chair:
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mahmut KUS
Selcuk University, Advanced Technology Research and Application Center, Konya, TURKEY
National Committee Members:
Prof. Dr. Mustafa ERSOZ
Selcuk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Konya, TURKEY
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Yasemin OZTEKIN
Selcuk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Konya, TURKEY
Assist. Prof. Dr. Omer Faruk YUKSEL
Selcuk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Konya, TURKEY
International Committee Members:
Dr. Norman MECHAU
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Lichttechnisches Institut, Heidelberg, GERMANY
Dr. Mamatimin ABBAS
University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux, FRANCE
M.Sc. Serpil TEKOGLU
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Lichttechnisches Institut, Heidelberg, GERMANY
Workshop Secretary:
Ayşenur ERDOĞAN
Selcuk University, Advanced Technology Research and Application Center, Konya, TURKEY
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May 1-3, 2014/Konya/TURKEY
Scientific Committee:

Prof. Dr. Niyazi Serdar SARICIFTCI, Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells, Johannes Kepler
University-AUSTRIA

Prof. Dr. Mustafa ERSOZ, Selçuk University-TURKEY

Prof. Dr. Michael MORRIS, University Cork College-IRELAND

Prof. Dr. Abdülmecit TÜRÜT, Istanbul Medeniyet University-TURKEY

Prof. Dr. Salih OKUR, Izmir Katip Celebi University-TURKEY

Prof. Dr. Sıddık İÇLİ, Ege University-TURKEY

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Şerafettin DEMİÇ, Izmir Katip Celebi University-TURKEY

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ceylan ZAFER, Ege University-TURKEY

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Elif Ülkü ARICI, Istanbul Technical University-TURKEY

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Serap GÜNEŞ, Yıldız Technical University-TURKEY

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Canan VARLIKLI, Ege University-TURKEY

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Savaş SÖNMEZOĞLU, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University-TURKEY

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mustafa KARAMAN, Selçuk University-TURKEY

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kasım OCAKOĞLU, Mersin University-TURKEY

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Şule Erten ELA, Ege University-TURKEY

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sermet KOYUNCU, Canakkale Onsekizmart University-TURKEY

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mahmut KUŞ, Selcuk University-TURKEY

Assist.Prof.Dr. O. Faruk YUKSEL, Selcuk University-TURKEY

Assist. Prof. Dr. Cem TOZLU, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University-TURKEY

Assist. Prof. Dr. Mustafa CAN, İzmir Katip Çelebi University-TURKEY

Assist. Prof. Dr. Özgül Haklı BİREL, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University-TURKEY

Dr.Norman MECHAU, Karlsruhe Institue of Technology-GERMANY

Dr. Mamatimin ABBAS, University of Bordeaux-FRANCE
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May 1-3, 2014/Konya/TURKEY
Plenary Lecturers:
Prof. Dr. Niyazi Serdar SARIÇİFTÇİ
Director of Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells
Johannes kepler University of Linz-AUSTRIA
Prof. Dr. Michael MORRIS
University College Cork, IRELAND
Prof. Dr. Ulrich LEMMER
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, GERMANY
Prof. Dr. Goran STOJANOVIC
University of Novi Sad, SERBIA
Prof. Dr. Koen VANDEWAL
Technische Universität Dresden, IAPP, GERMANY
Invited Speakers:
Dr. Cenk AKTAŞ
Leibniz Institute for New Materials, GERMANY
Dr. Norman MECHAU
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, GERMANY
Dr. Mamatimin ABBAS
University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux, FRANCE
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May 1-3, 2014/Konya/TURKEY
PROGRAMME
May 1, 2014 (Thursday)
08:00-09:00
09:00-09:30
09:30-10:30
10:30-10:50
Registration
Opening Ceremony:
Workshop Chair - Mahmut Kuş
Director of S.U. ILTEK-Mustafa ERSOZ
Honorary Chair - Hakkı GÖKBEL (Rector of Selçuk University)
Plenary Lecture:
“Organic and Bio-organic Semiconductors for Organic Electronics”
by Niyazi Serdar SARIÇİFTÇİ
Coffee Break
Chairman: Ulrich LEMMER
10:50-11:20
11:20-11:40
11:40-12:00
12:00-13:30
Invited Lecture:
“Balancing Charge Carrier Mobilities in Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells”
by Mamatimin ABBAS
“A Hybrid Solar Cell Based on Silicon Nanowires Encapsulated With Organic Thin Film PCBM”
by Emre YENGEL
“Improvement of Electrical Performance of Organic Solar Cells by P3HT:PCBM Nanowires”
by Deniz AYKUT
LUNCH (Rixos Hotel)
Chairman: Mustafa ERSÖZ
13:30-14:30
14:30-14:50
14:50-15:10
15:10-15:30
Plenary Lecture:
“Photo-generation and Recombination of Charge Carriers in Organic Solar Cells”
by Koen VANDEWAL
“A Dinuclear Ruthenium Dye for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells”
by Sıddık İÇLİ
“Thickness Dependence Study of Polymer Light Emitting Diode (PLED) in a
ITO/PEDOT:PSS/TPD:Ir(mppy)3:PBD:PVK/LiF:Al Device Geometry”
by Shirin SIYAHJANI
Coffee Break
Chairman: Koen VANDEWAL
15:30-16:00
16:00-16:20
16:20-16:40
16:40-17:00
17:00-18:00
Invited Lecture:
“Gravure Printing Large Area Electrooptic Devices”
by Norman MECHAU
“Slot Die Coating and Drying of Small Molecule OLEDs and Organic Electronics”
by Sebastian RAUPP
“Nanostructured Polymer Thin Films Based on Oblique Angle Polymerization”
by Gökhan DEMİREL
“An Ultraviolet Photodetector with an Active Layer Composed of Solution Processed
Polyfluorene:Zn0.71Cd0.29S Hybrid Nanomaterials”
by Görkem MEMİŞOĞLU
Poster Session
May 1-3, 2014/Konya/TURKEY
PROGRAMME
May 2, 2014 (Friday)
Chairman: Goran STOJANOVIC
09:00-10:00
10:00-10:20
10:20-10:50
Plenary Lecture:
“Nanomaterials and Device Architectures for Solution Processed Organic Optoelectronic Devices for
Energy Conversion”
by Ulrich LEMMER
“Materials Development for High-Performance Organic Optoelectronic Applications”
by Hakan USTA
Coffee Break
Chairman: Mehmet BİBER
10:50-11:20
11:20-11:40
11:40-12:00
12:00-13:30
Invited Lecture:
“Single Source Precursor Concept for Functional Surfaces”
by Cenk AKTAŞ
“Silicon Photonics with Silicon Spheres”
by Ali SERPENGÜZEL
“Elastic Light Scattering from a Silica Microsphere in Air”
by Imran KHAN
LUNCH (Rixos Hotel)
Chairman: Niyazi Serdar SARIÇİFTÇİ
13:30-13:50
13:50-14:10
14:10-14:30
14:30-14:50
14:50-15-10
15:10-15:30
“CV-FET: An ISFET Based Microsensor for The Detection of Dissolved Substances in Biological Media”
by Yazay EMİNAĞA
“Development of a Highly Sensitive Mip Based-QCM Nanosensor for Selective Determination of Cholic
Acid Level in Body Fluids”
by Gamze KARANFİL
“Dye Sensitizing Effect of Water-Soluble Polythiophene Inkjet Printed Film in DSSC Solar Cells Utilizing
ZnO Nanorods”
by Muhamad Mat SALLEH
“Inkjet Printed Biochips for Cell-Chip Applications”
by Nada MZOUGHI
“Water Absorption in Polymer Protein Mixtures for Biosensor Applications”
by Anna-Lena RIEGEL
Coffee Break
Chairman: Salih OKUR (TUBITAK Session)
15:30-15:50
15:50-16:10
“HORIZON 2020 with a Focus on Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials”
By Hasan Burak TIFTIK (TUBITAK)
TUBITAK-ARDEB Supports and Applications
by Engin BAŞARAN
16:10-17:10
Poster Session
17:10-19:00
Konya Science Center
May 1-3, 2014/Konya/TURKEY
PROGRAMME
May 3, 2014 (Saturday)
Chairman: Ali SERPENGÜZEL
09:00-10:00
10:00-10:20
10:20-10:40
10:40-11:00
Plenary Lecture:
“Ink-Jet Printed Flexible Sensors: From Materials to Applications”
by Goran STOJANOVIC
“Haze Reduction in Transparent Silver Films by Gold Coating”
by Ali CANLIER
“Synthesis of Single and Few Layered Graphene Using Low-Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition”
by Mustafa KARAMAN
Coffee Break
11:00-11:45
Panel Discussion:
"HORIZON 2020 Calls and New Collaborations”
by Mustafa ERSOZ and Mahmut KUŞ
11:45-12:00
Closing Ceremony
Excursion Program:
14:00-18:00
1. Selçuk University Technology Zone.
2. Selçuk University, Advanced Technology Research and Application Center (ILTEK) and
Presentation.
3. City Tour
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
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INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
Plenary Lecture
Organic and Bio-organic Semiconductors for Organic Electronics
Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci
Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry,
Johannes Kepler University Linz, A-4040 Linz, Austria
www.lios.at
Organic electronics such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are newcomers on the market, but already are being
produced and sold in the scale of tens of millions of display units per month, primarily for smartphones and HDTVs.
The recent demand for OLED technology is projected to increase, particularly as OLEDs are able to provide
lightweight, thin, foldable, and transparent display products. The success of OLEDs paves the way for emergence of
related technologies such as organic photovoltaics (OPV) and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and circuits.
Several companies (Mitsubishi Chemicals, Solarmer Inc., Heliatek) and university research groups have demonstrated
flexible plastic OPVs with power conversion efficiencies exceeding 10%, making OPV a potential competitor in the
solar photovoltaics. Considering the state-of-the-art of organic electronics and novel ideas related to it, we anticipate
that organic electronics will constitute a significant part of consumer electronics in the future.
We are moving from consumer electronics to consumable electronics.
With problems of electronic waste being a serious environmental issue today, using biodegradable materials for organic
electronics is important ansatz.
This talk will present some of the initial steps taken to address this issue of bio-organic, bio-degradable organic
semiconductor devices. Many materials have been shown to be biodegradable, safe, and nontoxic, including compounds
of natural or nature-inspired origin. Additionally, such organic materials are used for bio-functionality in electronic
circuits.
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INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
Plenary Lecture
Photo-generation and recombination of charge carriers in organic solar cells
Koen Vandewal
Institut für Angewandte Photophysik, Technische Universität Dresden,
George-Bähr-Straße 1, 01069 Dresden, Germany
The use of organic semiconducting materials for the conversion of solar photon energy to electrical energy would
enable cheap and fast large scale production of light weight, flexible, color tunable and even semitransparent solar cells.
This will result a much more wide spread use of photovoltaics and allow an easier building integration (e.g. solar
windows) than is possible today. However, in terms of power conversion efficiency, organic solar cells still have to
catch up with the inorganics, even though 12% has already been reached. In this talk, we will use thermodynamic
considerations to briefly derive efficiency upper limits for this technology. We further address the mechanisms of
charge carrier generation and recombination in organic materials, and the important role electronic states at organicorganic interfaces have in these processes. Interesting parallels exist with the primary electron transfer steps of natural
photosynthesis, which can serve as an inspiration for device optimization. We explore new device architectures and new
materials with reduced recombination which will ultimately allow to bring efficiencies closer to their theoretical limits.
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INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
Plenary Lecture
Design of Nanomaterials Using Block Copolymers
Michael Morris
University College Corg, Ireland
In this talk we will outline mechanisms and challenges in the development of block copolymer lithography for creation
of silicon nanofeatures. However, the talk will focus on how these systems might be used as a general technique of
surface nanoenegineering providing surface features with tailored properties towards developing surface functionality.
The talk will outline methods such as pattern transfer, selected block inclusion and templating that might be used to
create surface features of functional materials at surfaces. We will discuss how these approaches might be scaled for
manufacturing . We will also describe in detail an approach around simple liquid phase inclusion that allows the
creation of a wide range of oxides, complex oxides and metals. The synthesis methodology will be shown to be useful
in a range of applications including hydrophobic surfaces, sensors, antimicrobials etc. A discussion of the future of
block copolymers in hi-tec manufacturing will be given.
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INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
Plenary Lecture
Nanomaterials and Device Architectures for Solution Processed Organic Optoelectronic
Devices for Energy Conversion
Uli Lemmer
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Light Technology Institute and Institute of Microstructure Technology,
Engesser Str. 13, Karlsruhe, Germany
The potential cost effective fabrication of devices based on organic semiconductors and inorganic solution processable
materials has brought these compounds into the focus of energy efficient conversion of electricity into light (in an LED)
and vice versa light into electricity (in a solar cell).
The talk will address different aspects of stack design, fabrication challenges and optoelectronic properties of single
layer, multistack and semitransparent devices.
The realization of fully solution processed solar cells with competitive efficiencies relies on suitable combinations of
different classes of materials comprising conjugated polymers, functionalized fullerenes and various inorganic precursor
inks and nanoparticle formulations. In terms of the basic photophysics and transport physics, we have elaborated on the
details of exciton dissociation, electronic transport and recombination in a combined experimental and simulative
approach. From an optical point of view, highly transparent electrode and transport layers have to be developed and to
be combined in order to include thin film interferences in the devices. Examples for recently realized devices based on
organic/organic and organic/inorganic multistacks will be discussed.
Light management, i.e., enhanced out-coupling of photons from waveguide or substrate modes is one of the most
important challenges to increase the efficacy of OLEDs for illumination purposes. We discuss top-down as well as
bottom-up approaches to significantly enhance the light extraction in organic light emitting diodes. Nanostructures in
combination with a microlens array or spherical texturing lead to efficiency enhancement factors of up to ~4 for white
light emitting devices. Furthermore, the talk will address novel architectures for fully solution processed light emitting
devices. The last part of the presentation will then cover the recent progress on utilizing silicon nanocrystals as light
emitting species in inorganic/organic hybrid devices.
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INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
Plenary Lecture
Ink-jet printed flexible sensors: from materials to applications
Goran Stojanović
University of Novi Sad, Serbia
This talk will present design and characterization of different flexible sensors fabricated using ink-jet technology. A
special attention will be paid to inductive and capacitive sensors with novel design of silver electrodes printed on
Kapton flexible substrate. Furthermore, a prototype of а capacitive angular-position sensor which exploits advantages of
flexible/printed electronics will be presented. This sensor consists of two flexible inkjet printed silver electrodes. One of
them is rolled around the stator and another rolled around the rotor part of a simple mechanical platform used to
precisely adjust the angular displacement. The capacitance as a function of angular position was measured using an
LCZ Meter and results are presented for a full turn measurement range. Moreover, an incremental encoder with two
quadrature channels will be described. Instead of the commonly used structure of planar capacitor, a cylindrical
capacitor structure with digitated electrodes, for both the stator and the rotor, was implemented. The flexible printed
electrodes are attached to the inner wall of the stator and to the perimeter of the rotor cylinder. The rotor has no external
contacts; electrical connection is established with the stator only. The electronics for signal conditioning is analog and it
is relatively simple. It utilizes a square wave generator, a charge amplifier, a sample and hold circuit, a differential
amplifier and a comparator. The working principles of the sensor and the signal conditioning circuit were demonstrated
through experimental results. Related to various materials, this talk will explain chalenges in ink-jet printing of silver,
MWCNT, PEDOT:PSS, etc. and applications of these materials in electronics.
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INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
Invited Lecture
Balancing charge carrier mobilities in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells
Mamatimin Abbas
Laboratoire IMS- Bordeaux University, UMR 5218 CNRS, ENSCBP,
16 Av. Pey-Berland, 33600 Pessac, France
Balancing charge carrier mobilities in bulk heterojuction organic solar cells (OSCs) is essential in achieving high device
efficiencies.[1] In this talk, we present our approach to balance charge carrier mobilities in this system using organic
field effect transistors (OFETs). Here, we applied water soluble poly(1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) (PVT) as dielectric layer,
which has very low trap densities for both types of charge carriers, a prerequisite for reliable ambipolar charge transport
study.[2] Initially we used model system poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as donor and [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid
methyl ester (PCBM) as acceptor. Asymmetric source/drain contacts were applied to efficiently inject both holes and
electrons. Fine mixing of donor/ acceptor was carried out. Balanced mobilities were achieved in OFET devices. Bulk
heterojunction solar cells were fabricated under same experimental condition, and drastic enhancement in device
parameters was obtained [3]. We carried out synchrotron based X-ray absorption spectroscopy to investigate the
polymer backbone orientation, which showed isotropic nature, supporting our approach to correlate balanced carrier
mobilities in OFETs with OSC device performance, despite the different device configurations. Finally we present the
application of our approach for low bandgap polymer for high performance OSCs. Our approach provides reliable
method for enhancing the device performance of OSCs in a controllable manner through the study of the carrier
mobilities in OFETs.
References
[1] P. W. M. Blom et al. Adv. Mater. 19, (2007) 1551.
[2] M. Abbas et al. Organic Electronics 12 (2011) 497.
[3] M. Abbas and N. Tekin, Applied Physics Letters 101 (2012) 073302.
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INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
Invited Lecture
Gravure Printing Large Area Electrooptic Devices
Norman Mechau, Serpil Tekoglu, Sebastian Stolz, G. Hernandez-Sosa, Uli Lemmer
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Lichttechnisches Institut, Heidelberg, GERMANY
Printing organic semiconductor materials by means of roll-to-roll compatible techniques will allow a continuous,
high volume fabrication of large-area flexible optoelectronic devices. The gravure printing technique is set to become a
widespread process for the high throughput fabrication of electrooptic devices. A high quality in homogeneity and
thickness modulation of printed layers is the main goal for the printing to fabricate electrooptic devices, a complex
relation between printing process parameters, drying parameters and ink properties play an important role. We apply the
knowledge obtained from the printing process to fabricate different types of printed OLEDs, light emitting polymer
devices (POLEDs), light emitting small molecule devices (SMOLEDs) and bio compatible light emitting
electrochemical devices (BioLECs).
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INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
Invited Lecture
Single Source Precursor Concept for Functional Surfaces
Cenk Aktaş
Leibniz Intsitute for New Materials, Germany
(CVD) has grown very rapidly in the last thirty years and applications of this versatile fabrication process are now used
in many industrial products, such as semiconductors, optoelectronics and optics [1]. In comparison to thermal
evaporation, sputtering and other physical vapor deposition (PVD) approaches, CVD offers excellent conformity to
cover deep recesses, holes, and other difficult three-dimensional geometries [2]. In addition to thin film applications,
where an ultra thin deposit is desired, CVD is also applicable for thick coatings due to its high deposition rate [3].
Another advantage is that CVD does not normally require ultrahigh vacuum unlike to state of the art PVD methods [4].
Beside these unique process advantages however, CVD has also some disadvantages, such as the need of high
deposition temperatures, generally above 600 °C [5]. Development of metal-organic molecular precursors partially
solved this problem and opened up new possibilities to deposit crystalline thin films at much lower temperatures [6]. As
the material of interest becomes increasingly complex, the choice of the precursor also becomes more difficult. In the
deposition of such multi-component complex materials, the common approach is to use several different precursors
simultaneously [7]. On the other hand, the different volatilities of the precursors and undesired side reactions between
decomposed chemical species afect the purity, composition, homogeneity and microstructure of the resulting
materials [8]. In order to overcome these difficulties, the single source precursor (SSP) approach has been developed
[9]. This is based on a molecular design which, instead of using several precursors, contains all desired elements in one
molecule.
References
[1] H.O. Pierson, Handbook of Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD), William Andrew Publishing (1999).
[2] A. Lintanf-Salaün, A. Mantoux, E. Djurado, E. Blanquet, Microelectronic Engineering, 87, 3, 373-378 (2010).
[3] R. E. I. Schropp , S. Nishizaki , Z. S. Houweling, V. Verlaan, C. H. M. van der Werf, H. Matsumura, Solid-State
Electronics, 52, 427-431 (2008).
[4] V. Bhaskaran, P. Atanasova, M. J. Hampdensmith, T. T. Kodas, Chem. Mater., 9, 2822-2829 (1997).
[5] A. Ellison, J. Zhang, J. Peterson, A. Henry, Q. Wahab, J. P. Bergman, Y. N. Makarov, A. Vorobev, A. Vehanen, E.
Janzén, Materials Science and Engineering, 61-62, 113-120 (1999) .
[6] A. Agüero, M. García, M. Gutiérrez, Materials and Corrosion, 56, 12, 937-941 (2005).
[7] J. H. Choi, H. G. Kim, Journal of Applied Physics, 74, 10, 6413-6417 (1993).
[8] J. Key Lee, M. S. Lee, S. Hong, W. Lee, Y. K. Lee, S. Shin, Y. Park, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 41, 6690-6694 (2002).
[9] M. Veith, Dalton Trans., 2405-2412 (2002).
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INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
OP-01
Silicon Photonics with Silicon Spheres
Ali Serpengüzel
Koç University, Microphotonics Research Laboratory,
Physics Department, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, Istanbul 34450 Turkey
aserpenguzel@ku.edu.tr
20th century, labeled as the Century of Electronics, witnessed silicon as the base material for the very large scale
integration (VLSI) of silicon complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) microelectronics technology. 21 st
century, labeled as the Century of Photonics, is beginning to witness the VLSI silicon CMOS microelectrophotonics [i].
Multidimensional photonic lightwave circuits can be utilized for various tasks. One-dimensional photonic linear
lightwave circuits (LLC’s) are realized with Fabry-Perot resonators leading to distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR’s).
Two-dimensional photonic planar lightwave circuits (PLC’s) are realized with silicon microrings [ii]. Threedimensional photonic volumetric lightwave circuits (VLC’s) can be realized using silicon microspheres [iii].The threedimensionally integrated silicon CMOS microelectrophotonic chip may consist of PLC layers interconnected with each
other via arrays of silicon microsphere resonators acting as vertical interlayer nodes.
The sphere, the most symmetric three-dimensional microcavity, integreable in multiple spatial dimensions, is
ideally placed to be the most ideal photonic building block. The sphere is poised to fulfill all discrete and integrated
potential microphotonic device roles, such as optical signal generator, converter, modulator, mediator, and receptor. The
interfaces between the microelectronics and the microphotonics domains can usher in novel optoelectronic packaging
technologies and industry standards.
Optical channel dropping has been performed using the optical resonances of silicon microspheres [iv].
Optoelectronic properties of silicon microspheres have been studied [v] and optical modulation in silicon microspheres
has been observed [vi]. The polarization behavior of elastic light scattering from silicon microspheres has also been
studied [vii].
The three dimensional VLSI silicon CMOS microelectrophotonic chip can accommodate analog VLSI of
microphotonic devices such as sources, modulators, switches, splitters, and detectors as well as analog VLSI
microelectronic devices such as amplifiers, drivers, and latches. VLSI silicon CMOS microphotonics coupled with
VLSI silicon CMOS microelectronics can define the future of the information/computation/communication industry.
References
[1] E. Suhir, “Microelectronics and photonics — the future,” Microelectron. J 31, 839–851 (2000).
[2] W. Bogaerts, P. De Heyn, T. Van Vaerenbergh, K. De Vos, S. Kumar Selvaraja, T. Claes, P. Dumon, P. Bienstman,
D. Van Thourhout, and R. Baets, “Silicon microring resonators,” Laser Photon. Rev. 6 47-73 (2012).
[3] A. Serpengüzel and A. W. Poon, Eds., "Optical Processes in Microparticles and Nanostructures: A Festschrift
Dedicated to Richard Kounai Chang on His Retirement from Yale University,” World Scientific, Singapore (2011).
[4] Y.O. Yilmaz, A. Demir, A. Kurt, and A. Serpengüzel, “Optical Channel Dropping with a Silicon Microsphere,”
IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17, 1662-1664 (2005).
[5] A. Serpengüzel, A. Kurt, and U.K. Ayaz, “Silicon microspheres for electronic and photonic integration,” Photon.
Nanostructur.: Fundam. Appl. 6, 179–182 (2008)
[6] E. Yüce, O. Gürlü, and A. Serpengüzel, “Optical Modulation with Silicon Microspheres,” IEEE Photon. Technol.
Lett. 21, 1481-1483 (2009).
[7] M.S. Murib, E. Yüce, O. Gürlü, and A. Serpengüzel, "Polarization Behavior of Elastic Scattering from a Silicon
Microsphere Coupled to an Optical Fiber," Photon. Research 2, 45-50 (2014).
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INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
OP-02
Haze Reduction in Transparent Silver Films by Gold Coating
Duygu Tahaoglua, Murat Citira, Unal Sena, Hakan Ustaa, Ali Canliera
a
Abdullah Gül University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences,
Mat. Sci.&Nanotech. Eng. Dept., 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
ali.canlier@agu.edu.tr
Flexible displays, thin film solar panels require highly flexible transparent conducting electrode. Mechanical brittleness
of indium tin oxide (ITO) makes it unsuitable for such applications. Recently, carbon nanotube (CNT), graphene, metal
nanowire and conductive polymer are studied as alternative materials. Metal nanowires are proper candidates for
transparent and flexible conducting electrodes. Metals such as silver and copper possess high conductivity. Thin films
deposited by using metal nanowires of these metals exhibit low sheet resistance and also high transparency. Due to the
flexibility of nanowires, bending the sheet doesn’t cause much change in the sheet resistance. Although such advantages
make these materials promising, high haze due to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect is one of the drawbacks.
Another problem is increasing of sheet resistance due to the oxidation and sulfurization after a long exposure to air. In
order to overcome such problems, we proposed a partial galvanic exchange of silver and copper nanowire surface with
an inert metal such as gold or platinum. This would add chemical inertness to the nanowires and the whole electrode
film. Since the surface plasmon resonance effect is different for these materials, changing the surface might decrease the
haze property of the film.
Our finding showed that a 5-10at.% gold layer on silver nanowires decreased the haze of thin silver films from 4-5% to
2%. This haze value is acceptable for display applications. We are currently working on such a galvanic exchange
procedure for gold and platinum coating of copper nanowires.
Figure 1. a) Comparison of the UV-Vis spectra of Ag nanowire films with sheet resistance of 20.8 Ohm/sq and the
Au/Ag core-shell nanowire films with sheet resistance of 21.9 Ohm/sq. Inset: haze vs. wavelength plot for Au/Ag coreshell nanowire films and Ag nanowire films. b) Degradation of Ag SPR peak with increasing Au concentration from
galvanic exchange.
References:
[1] K. A. Sierros, N. J. Morris, K. Ramji, D.R. Cairns, Thin Solid Films, 517 (2009) 2590−2595.
[2] T. Kim, A. Canlier, G. H. Kim, J. Choi, M. Park, S. M. Han, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 5 (2013) 788-794.
[3] L. B. Hu, H. S. Kim, J. Y. Lee, P. Peumans, Y. Cui, ACS Nano, 4 (2010) 2955−2963.
18
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
OP-03
Water Absorption in Polymer Protein Mixtures for Biosensor Applications
Anna-Lena Riegel, Sibylle Kachela, Philip Scharfera, Wilhelm Schabela
a
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Institute of Thermal Process
Engineering, Thin Film Technology (TFT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
anna-lena.riegel@kit.edu
Functional coatings which consist of different polymeric components are suitable for various applications such as for
active films of biosensors, adhesives, or coatings for organic electronics. Regarding to biosensors, polymer blends are
of great interest as an immobilization matrix of an active component in coatings.
The uptake of water from ambient air has an impact on the operating properties and can lead to degradation of the active
film layer or the loss of functionality. As a result, the performance of the device is negatively affected. Therefore,
gaining a fundamental understanding of water absorption in these mixtures is essential to provide stability and
functionality during storage.
In this research, water sorption isotherms of polymer-polymer and polymer-protein mixtures were measured
gravimetrically. To provide defined sorption conditions, the samples were placed in a temperature and humidity
controlled climate chamber. An automated sample exchanger placing the samples on the balance made an opening of
the climate chamber unnecessary. The developed setup allowed the determination of the sorption isotherm of 40
samples simultaneously as shown in Figure 1 on the left-hand side.
Figure 1. Left: Schematic drawing of the automated sorption sample exchanger. Right: Measured (symbols) and
calculated (lines) sorption isotherms of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and their binary
mixtures at 40°C.
The goal is to determine the water uptake of polymer blends with a suitable approach. Therefore, a model is introduced
that is capable to describe the sorption behavior of different solid compositions and different additives by a
superposition of the measured data of the pure components (see Figure 1 on the right-hand side). A modified FloryHuggins model was applied to calculate the phase equilibrium of the polymers and the protein [1]. Predicting the model
parameters in polymer mixtures from measurements of pure component data would facilitate the simulation of water
uptake in mixtures to a great extent and would help designing biosensors with an improved performance and storage
stability.
References:
[1] S. Kachel, P.Scharfer, W.Schabel, Chem. Eng. Process. 68 (2013) 45-54.
19
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
OP-04
Improvement of Electrical Performance of Organic Solar Cells by P3HT:PCBM Nanowires
Deniz Aykut, Ceylan ZAFER, Burak Gültekin
Solar Energy Institute, Ege University, Izmir, TR-35100
denizaykut@gmx.com, ceylan.zafer@ege.edu.tr , burak.gultekin@ege.edu.tr
Morphology plays a vital role providing high efficiencies for organic photovoltaic systems. A great deal of attention
has been attracted for controling the organic-inorganic phase separation in order to improved the power conversion
efficiency Here we formed P3HT nanowires by mixing unfavorable solution into favorable solution. Solvophobic
interaction between P3HT chains and marginal solvent [1] led to solution-phase self assembly of nanowires with 60 nm
diameter and microns of length. Evolution of P3HT nanostructures and PCBM fibers coated on P3HT nanowires were
demonstrated by atomic force microscope (AFM) measurement. Photovoltaic performance was investigated under 1.5
AM (100mW/cm2) and incident photo current efficiency (IPCE) was performed in order to obtain the external quantum
efficiency.electrical analysis showed that short-circuit current (Isc) increased up to 8.37 mA/cm2. However the open
circuit voltage (Voc) was decreased to 500 mV indicating morphological defects. These findings of Isc are promising
for improvement the carrier transportation by constituting pathways for both electron and hole while the results of Voc
opened doors for further investigations in order to focus on the improvement of morphology.
(a)
(b)
8
20.81 nm
P3HT:PCBM bulk (1:3) illuminated
P3HT:PCBM bulk (1:3) dark
P3HT wire:PCBM(1:3) illuminated
P3HT wire:PCBM(1:3) dark
6
4
J (mA/cm2)
2
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
1.6µm
-10
-12
-0,2
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
0.00 nm
Figure 1(a) Ccomparison Vof(V) the current-voltage characteristic of reference P3HT:PCBM (1:3) and P3HT
nanowire:PCBM (1:3) devices, and (b) topographic image of P3HT nanowires on mica substrate
References
[1] Joo-Hyun Kim, Jong Hwan Park, Ji Hwang Lee, Jong Soo Kim, Myungsun Sim, Chiyeoung Shim and Kilwon
Cho J. Mater. Chem., 2010,20, 7398-7405
20
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
OP-05
Nanostructured Polymer Thin Films Based on Oblique Angle Polymerization
Gökhan DEMİRELa
a
Bio-inspired Materials Research Laboratory(BIMREL), Department of Chemistry,
Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
nanobiotechnology@gmail.com
Poly(chloro-p-xylylene) (PPX) is an important class of polymer thin film that has wide-ranging applications due to its
well-recognized properties, such as low-dielectric constant, biocompatibility, and exceptional barrier properties. Here,
we studied the deposition of PPX nanofibers by template-based and template-free methods, which combine both vapor
deposition polymerization and oblique angle deposition (Figure 1.). A comparative study of two approaches based on
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron
microscopy (TEM), is presented. In this presentation, we will also describe our process for creating nanostructured
polymer thin films and present results concerning the use of controlled wettability for biomedical applications and
controlled metallization for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS).
Figure 1. SEM images of PPX films prepared by template-based (A, B) and template-free (C, D) OAP.
21
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
OP-06
An Ultraviolet Photodetector with an Active Layer Composed of Solution Processed
Polyfluorene:Zn0.71Cd0.29S Hybrid Nanomaterials
Gorkem Memisoglu1, 2, Secil Sevim3, Canan Varlikli*2, Leyla Eral Doğan3, Didem Tascioglu3, Serdar Ozcelik3
1
Vestel Electronics, MOS, 45030 Manisa, Turkey
Solar Energy Institute, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
3
Department of Chemistry, İzmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Urla-İzmir, Turkey
2
*canan.varlikli@ege.edu.tr
An ultraviolet photodetector with an active layer of solution processed polymer:quantum dot hybrid is introduced.
Poly[9,9-di-(2-ethylhexyl)-fluorenyl-2,7-diyl] represents the polymer and Zn0.71Cd0.29S is the quantum dot used for the
device. Photophysical studies showed that an electron transfer from the polymer to the ternary quantum dot is
thermodynamically favored. Quenching experiments performed between the polymer and quantum dot indicates the
formation of a non-fluorescent complex with an association constant of 4.6 x 10 4 M-1. The device structure of
ITO/PEDOT:PSS/ADS231BE: 50 wt% Zn0.71Cd0.29S/Al yielded a photoresponsivity value of 324 mA/W at -4 V under
1 mW/cm2 illumination at 365 nm at room temperature and this value is further increased to 380 mA/W as a result of
annealing at 75 oC.
Cross sectional device structure and the energy diagram of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/ADS231BE : Zn0.71Cd0.29S/Al
22
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
OP-07
Materials Development For High-Performance Organic Optoelectronic Applications
Hakan USTAa,b, Antonio FACCHETTIb,c
a
Abdullah Gül University, Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, Melikgazi, Kayseri,
38039, Turkey
b
Polyera Corporation, Illinois Science and Technology Park, Skokie, IL, 60077, USA
c
Northwestern University, Department of Chemistry, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
hakan.usta@agu.edu.tr
The theoretical design and synthetic development of functional materials based on organic pi-conjugated sytems have
been the focus of scientific and technological research over the past two decades. Thin films prepared by these materials
form favorable nanostructures, which can be used in a variety of optoelectronic applications such as organic
photovoltaic cells (OPVs), thin-film transistors (OTFTs), and organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs). Compared to
inorganic-based electronics, these materials enable proper ink formulations for low-cost, high-throughput printing
processes on large-area, light-weight, and flexible plastic subtrates. Owing to their unique features, they are envisioned
as essential components of next-generation optoelectronic devices such as flexible displays, low-cost solar panels,
electronic papers, printable RFID tags, and sensors. These new technologies will revolutionize the role of electronics in
our daily lives and compliment current inorganic-based optoelectronic devices, which greatly impacted our society
starting from the second half of the 20th century. This study demonstrates theory-aided rational design, synthesis, and
characterization of a “library” of functional organic materials as novel n-type, p-type, and ambipolar semiconductors [13]. Solution-processed thin films of these semiconductors yield OTFTs with extremely high hole/electron mobilities of
> 0.5-1.0 cm2/V·s and Ion/Ioff ratios of 107 – 108, one of the highest device performance reported to date. We also report
the first examples of polymeric and molecular ambipolar semiconductors in the literature to function in air.
Furthermore, significant correlations are established between molecular/polymeric structures, physicochemical
properties, and device performances, providing detailed insight into charge transport characteristics and ambient
stability. The advances we have made toward realizing truly high-performance and air-stable optoelectronic devices
affirm the possibility of achieving low-cost microelectronic devices through rational materials development.
Figure 1. BODIPY–Thiophene Copolymers as p-Channel Semiconductors for Organic Thin-Film Transistors
References:
[1] H. Usta,* M. D. Yilmaz, A.-J. Avestro, D. Boudinet, M. Denti, W. Zhao, J. F. Stoddart,* A. Facchetti* Adv. Mater.
25 (2013) 4327-4334.
[2] H. Usta,* C. Newman, Z. Chen, A. Facchetti* Adv. Mater. 24 (2012) 3678-3684.
[3] H. Usta, Z. Wang, C. Kim, H. Huang, S. Lu, A. Facchetti,* T. J. Marks* J. Mater. Chem. 22 (2012) 4459-4472.
23
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
OP-08
Dye Sensitizing Effect Of Water-Soluble Polythiophene Inkjet Printed Film In DSCC Solar
Cells Utilizing ZnO Nanorods
Fitri Yenni NAUMAR, Akrajas ALI UMAR and Muhamad MAT SALLEH
Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600
Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
mms@ukm.my
Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) has been considered as one of the promising potential photovoltaic devices due to its
simple, easy and cost-effective preparation process [1]. In the DSSC device, dye material is an important component
that absorbs the light, which then excites its electrons and injects them to the conducting band of the high band-gap
semiconducting material photo anode [2]. Water soluble polymer is receiving an increasing attention as the dye in
DSSC [3]. It is due to the nature of water that is environmental friendly, which then leads to a green device fabrication
process. Polythiopene sodium poly [2-(3-thienyl)-ethoxy-4-buthylsulfonate] (PTEBS) is among the water soluble
polymer that attracts active attention in DSSC fabrication [4]. We report the dye sensitizing effect of PTEBS thin film
that prepared by ink-jet printing technique in a DSSC solar cell utilizing ZnO nanorods. The DSSC device with
sandwich structure of FTO/ZNRs/PTEBS/electrolyte/ Pt was prepared in this study with the electrolyte used was I-/I-3
redox couple (Fig. 1). Zinc nanorods were prepared by using a hydrothermal growth approach [5]. To obtain a variation
in the thin film structure, the PTEBS was grown via a multiple-step printing approach, namely from three to up to seven
times. It was found that the PTEBS ink-jet printed film exhibit effective sensitizing effect on the DSSC by giving
enhanced photovoltaic performance of multiple higher order (approximately 3 times) compared to the device without
PTEBS and its structure was found to influence the charge transfer process in the device. A high performance DSSC
device can be obtained from the PTEBS film with highly compact and even structure that prepared by three time
printing process, which gives performance of Jsc, Voc and FF as high as 0.96 mA/cm2, 0.42 V and 34%, respectively,
which is corresponding to power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as 0.14%.
Figure 1. Typical FESEM image of ink-jet printed film of PTEBS-coated ZNRs (A) and its cross-sectional image
(B). Scale bar are 1 µm.
References
[1] M. Gratzel, Inorg. Chem. 44 (2005) 6841-51.
[2] M.. K. Nazeeruddin, E. Baranoff, M. Gratzel, Sol. Energy 85 (2011) 1172–1178.
[3] G. Krishna, et.al., Sol. Energ. Mat. and Sol. C. 95(2011) 3262–3268.
[4] M. L. Sweet, J. G. Clarke, D. Pestov, G. C. Tepper, J. T. McLeskey Jr., J. Sol. Energ. 2014 (2014), ID 192812, 1-7.
[5] L. Vayssieres, Adv. Mater. 15(2003) 464-466.
24
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
OP-09
Slot Die Coating And Drying Of Small Molecule OLEDs And Organic Electronics
Sebastian Rauppa, Marcel Schmitta, David Siebela, Philip Scharfera, Wilhelm Schabela
a
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Institute of Thermal Process
Engineering, Thin Film Technology, Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
sebastian.raupp@kit.edu
Organic electronics such as organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) consist of several functional layers. The thickness of
one single layer is in the range of 10 to 150 nanometers. State of the art is that such thin layers are deposited by vacuum
evaporation and not by liquid deposition. For the market entrance of organic electronics large area coating technologies
with a high reliability need to be developed [1]. A cost efficient process using flexible substrates is the so called roll-toroll (R2R) process. High precision liquid film coating technologies are needed in order to coat such nanometer thick
layers with an acceptable homogeneity. The research in liquid film coating of organic electronics mainly sets priorities
on increasing the efficiency of the devices whereas the process and its scalability and stability are often neglected [2].
The work presented here is focused on slot die coating and predictive models to determine the stability of the process. A
critical capillary number could be determined experimentally [3] where stable coating conditions without defects could
be shown even at high dimensionless gap widths. An experimental set-up was designed to analyze the meniscus of the
fluid between slot die and substrate is shown in figure 1. A high precision slot die coater (HOPSI) designed within a
BMBF funded project in the “Cluster of Excellence” is presented here and will be shown in this contribution.
Figure 1. Experimental Set-up to determine stability windows. Left: schematic drawing. Right: Slot die with fluid
meniscus
In multilayer organic electronic systems, a major challenge is to prevent the intermixing of the layers while they are
applied on top of each other [4]. Small layer thicknesses and high mobilities of the molecules lead to very short
diffusion times. To understand the mechanism behind the intermixing phenomenon an interdiffusion model was
developed and will be presented here. Calculations show that drying conditions and solubilities of the applied materials
are a key factor for the penetration depths. It can be shown that fast drying combined with low solubilities can reduce
intermixing significantly.
References
[1] L. Wengeler, M. Schmitt, K. Peters, P. Scharfer, W. Schabel, Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process
Intensification 68 (2013) 38–44.
[2] D. Angmo, S. A. Gevorgyan, T. T. Larsen-Olsen, R. R. Søndergaard, M. Hösel, M. Jørgensen, R. Gupta, G. U.
Kulkarni, F. C. Krebs, Organic Electronics 14 (2013) 984-994.
[3] L. Wengeler, K. Peters, M. Schmitt, T. Wenz, P. Scharfer, W. Schabel, Journal of Coatings Technology and
Research 11 (2014), 65-73
[4] C. Newby, J.-K. Lee, C. K. Ober, Macromolecular Research 21 (2013) 248-256
25
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
OP-10
A Dinuclear Ruthenium Dye for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
Sıddık İçli, Ceylan Zafer, Kasım Ocakoğlu
a
b
Solar Energy Institute Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
Advanced Technology Research & Application Center, Mersin University, Ciftlikkoy
Campus, TR-33343 Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
Even though the contribution of the sensitizer to the total cell cost is limited, as efficient light harvesting monolayer of
stable sensitizer molecule, ruthenium-based dyes are still highly desirable, compared with reported all organic dyes [1].
In terms of photovoltaic performance and long-term stability, Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes present a successful family
of sensitizers in DSSCs [2].
We now report a dinuclear, highly conjugated ligand based ruthenium polypyridyl complex of KO-20, shows an
efficiency of η : 6.58% and IPCE : 70% under standart conditions. Ruthenium polypyridyl complex of KO-20 has a
high charge transfer efficiency. Grätzel have reported a fluorene substituted ruthenium(II) bipyridyl sensitizer (BDF),
performing nearly exact photovoltaic performances of η : 6.58% and IPCE :71% [3]. This result may prove that
extension of conjugation on the ruthenium(II) bipyridyl sensitizer, do not create differences at the photovoltaic
performances.
S
S
S
C
S
C
C
N
C
N
N
Ru
N
Ru
COOH
N
N
N
N
N
HOOC
N
N
N
N
N
COOH
COOH
KO-20
Scheme 3: Molecular structures of dinuclear KO-20 ruthenium dyes.
References:
1 a) Y. Bai, Y. Cao, J. Zhang, M. Wang, R. Li, P. Wang, S.M. Zakeeruddin, M. Grätzel, Nature Mater. 7, 626 (2008).
b) S.M. Zakeeruddin, M.K. Nazeeruddin, R. Humphry-Baker, P. Pechy, P.
Quagliotto, C. Barolo, G. Viscardi,M. Graetzel, Langmuir 18, 952 (2002).
c) C. Sahin, M. Ulusoy, C. Zafer, C. Ozsoy, C. Varlikli, T. Dittrich, B. Cetinkaya, S. Icli, Dyes and Pigments 84,
88 (2009).
2 R. Argazzi, N.Y.M. Iha, H. Zabri, F. Odobel, C.A. Bignozzi, Coord. Chem. Rev. 248,
1299 (2004).
3 C. Y. Chen, M. Wang, J.Y. Li, N. Pootrakulcote, L. Alibabaei, C. Ngoc-le, C.M.
Decoppet, G. Rajkumar, C. Srinivasa Rao, T. Suresh, P.Y. Reddy, J-H. Jum, M.K.
Nazeeruddin, M. Grätzel, Adv. Nat. Sci.: Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2, 035016 (2011).
26
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
OP-11
CV-FET: An ISFET Based Microsensor for The Detection of Dissolved Substances in
Biological Media
Yazay Eminağaa, Joachim Wiestb 2, Martin Brischweina, Helmut Grothea and Bernhard Wolfa
a
Technische Universität München, Heinz Nixdorf-Lehrstuhl für Medizinische Elektronik, Munich, Germany
b
cellasys GmbH - R&D, Munich, Germany
eminaga@tum.de
Electrochemical micro sensors are key components for various applications in the field of biology, medicine,
pharmacology and environmental analysis. The combination of several electrochemical detection methods enables the
detection of new substances as well as the determination of the concentration of known substances more precisely.[1] In
biomedical research, for example, the reaction of cells to drugs or toxic substances can be observed by bio-electronic
sensors. By measuring changes in pH value and oxygen, the influence of chemicals on the cell vitality can be
determined. For monitoring dissolved oxygen, amperometrical electrodes are widely used. This type of sensor consume
oxygen in order to work, which falsify the measuring environment at each measuring attempt. Smaller electrodes will
reduce consumed oxygen amount but with the disadvantage that the measured signal will be also reduced. E.g. for an
electrode with a radius of 20µm the current measured is only about 6nA. Reducing oxygen produces not only current
but also OH- ions. The pH value is changed in the same ratio of the reduced oxygen and respectively to the
concentration of the measured media. For this, a pH sensor is needed, which has the dimensions of the reduction
electrode and has to be sensitive enough to detect this change of pH value. [2] Available optochemical and
amperometrical pH sensors are not small enough, so the best choice was to use ISFET sensors, as they fabricated in
semiconductor technology in small dimensions and the reduction electrode can be placed directly at the pH sensitive
area. With a developed silicon based biochip with several sensors was (Figure 1) was feasible to measure oxygen
concentration of cell culture media by applying a reduction potential at the surrounding noble metal electrode (NME)
and producing OH- ions, which shift the pH value.[3] By using cyclovoltammetry (CV), the concept was extended to
measure other dissolved redox active couples. The CV-FET sensor capability is not limited to measure the two
important metabolic parameters of living cells (acidification and oxygen consumption)[4] but also to detect other
species, such as permanganate ions. However, future research is needed to identify more significant CV patterns of
other redox-active substances with different concentrations.
Figure 1. CV-FET sensor can detect dissolved substances reduced at the NME by the local change in pH value
References
[1] B. Wolf, M. Brischwein, A. Otto, H. Grothe, Chip statt Maus: Zur Bedeutung multiparametrischer biohybrider
Bauelemente in Toxikologie und Pharmascreening; Technisches Messen 70, 553-556 (2003)
[2] Y. Eminaga, J. Wiest, M. Brischwein, H. Grothe, B. Wolf, Multiparametric Microsensors on Lab-on-chip Systems
for the Detection of Dissolved Substances, IMCS-14 Booklet, 83 (2012), ISBN:978-3-9813484-1-5
[3] Y. Eminaga, J. Wiest, M. Brischwein, H. Grothe, B. Wolf: Silizium-Basierter Multiparametrischer Biohybrider
Mikrosensoren; 6. Deutsches BioSensor Symposium, 112(2009)
[4] B. Wolf, M. Brischwein, V. Lob, J. Ressler, J. Wiest: Cellular Signalling: Aspects for Tumor Diagnosis and
Therapy; Biomedizinische Technik 52, 164-168(2007)
27
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
OP-12
A Hybrid Solar Cell Based on Silicon Nanowires Encapsulated With
Organic Thin Film PCBM
Hakan Karaağaça, Emre Yengelb
a
Department of Physics, Istanbul Technical University
Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Cankaya University
b
In receny years, an intense interest has emerged in the fabrication of semiconductor nanowires (NWs) based solar cells.
In particular, combining NWs with the organic thin films offers significant advantages over the conventional bilayer
systems based organic solar cells. The integration of nanowires into organic materials called hybrid systems not only
provides the production of cost-effective high efficient solar cells but also overcomes the problems associated with
organic materials based solar cells, including the limited depth of the optical absorption and short exciton diffusion
lengths.
Different inorganic nanowires have been reported for the fabrication of hybrid solar cells, such as ZnO, CdS, TiO2, and
silicon (Si) NWs. Among them, Si NWs are potential candidates due to their unique and well-known electrical and
optical properties. It is well known that Si NWs exhibits excellent antireflection behavior because of tunable optical
absorption in a wide wavelength range originating from multiple scattering by NWs, leading to the increase in path
length of incoming light that can be used for light trapping. It is proposed that incorporation of Si NWs into an organic
thin film will not only improve the light harvesting (by light trapping) but also fast and efficient charge transport in the
organic thin film matrix by single crystal channels created by NWs. Namely, the embedded NWs in the organic material
structure provides a direct path for the generated free charges by incoming photons. In addition, combining Si NWs and
organic thin films is expected to create a large interface area between component materials due to the large surface area
to volume ratio of NWs, which is crucial for the exciton dissociation and efficient charge transport to electrodes of a
device.
In present study, silicon nanowires were synthesized by an Ag-assisted electroless etching technique on an p-type Si
(100) wafer. SEM observations have revealed the formation of vertically-aligned Si NWs with etching depth of ~3µm
distributed over the surface of the Si. A thin film of PCBM with ~ 120 nm thickness was deposited on the p- Si NWs for
the construction of nanowire based heterojunction solar cells. For the Al/P-Si-NWs/PCBM/ITO based solar cell, from a
partially illuminated area of the solar cell, the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, fill factor and power
conversion efficiency were 0.19 V, 8.10 mA/cm2, 27 % and 0.41%, respectively.
28
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
OP-13
Development of a Highly Sensitive MIP Based-QCM Nanosensor for Selective Determination
of Cholic Acid Level in Body Fluids
Aytaç GÜLTEKİNa, Gamze KARANFİLa, Savaş SÖNMEZOĞLUb and Rıdvan SAYc
a
Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Energy Systems Engineering, 70200,
Karaman, Turkey
b
Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
70200, Karaman, Turkey
c
Anadolu University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey
e-mail: gamzekaranfil@kmu.edu.tr
Determination of cholic acid is very important and necessary in body fluids due to its both pharmaceutical and clinical
significance. In this study, a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) nanosensor, which is imprinted cholic acid, has been
developed for the assignation of cholic acid. The cholic acid selective memories have been generated on QCM electrode
surface by using molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based on methacryloylamidohistidine-copper (II) (MAH-Cu(II))
pre-organized monomer. The cholic acid imprinted nanosensor was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM)
and then analytical performance of the cholic acid imprinted QCM nanosensor was studied. The detection limit was
found to be 0.0065 µM with linear range of 0.01-1000 µM. Moreover, the high value of Langmuir constant (b)
(7.3*105) obtained by Langmuir graph showed that the cholic acid imprinted nanosensor had quite strong binding sites
affinity. At the last step of this procedure, cholic acid levels in body fluids were determined by the prepared imprinted
QCM nanosensor.
Figure 1. Calibration curves of the cholic acid imprinted and non-imprinted nanosensor
29
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
OP-14
Thickness Dependence Study of Polymer Light Emitting Diode (PLED) in a
ITO/PEDOT:PSS/TPD:Ir(mppy)3:PBD:PVK/LiF:Al Device Geometry
Shirin SIYAHJANIa,b*, Matthew WHITEa, Niyazi Serdar SARICIFTCIa, Sule ERTEN-ELAb
a
Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstr. 69, A4040 Linz, Austria
b
Solar Energy Institute, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
s_siahjani@yahoo.com, suleerten@yahoo.com, sule.erten@ege.edu.tr
Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been recognized as a promising alternative display and lighting technology
because of their unique advantages such as paper like thickness, faster response, high contrast, power saving and
potentially can be used for flexible applications [1-3]. Phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes have been attracting
much attention since the first report of Baldo. Today a huge number of phosphorescent dyes are used in phosphorescent
OLEDs utilizing different metal complexes containing transition metals such as iridium, platinum, osmium, ruthenium
[4, 5].
In this study, polymer light emitting diodes (PLED) have been fabricated and characterized. Polymer light emitting
diode (PLED) was configurated in a structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/TPD:PBD:PVK:Ir(mppy)3/LiF/Al. Thicknesses of
active layer were optimized for efficient phosphorescent OLED device. The uniform mixing of active layer was varied
with different thicknesses. A hole transport layer of PEDOT:PSS was deposited in a range of 35 nm and an emissive
layer of TPD:PBD:PVK:Ir(mppy)3 was deposited for thickness ranging of 90 nm, 56 nm, 40 nm and 35 nm. From the
current density, luminance ,voltage characteristics of PLED, proper thickness of the organic layer (56 nm) was able to
determined. The solution processed PLED device exhibited a turn-on voltage of 3.6 V and a maximum luminance of
575.5 cdm-2 at 2.8 mA.
Keywords: Organic active layer thickness, OLED, PVK, TPD, Ir(mppy) 3
Al
LiF
V
PVK:PBD:TPD:Ir(mppy)3
PEDOT:PSS
ITO
GLASS
LIGHT
Fig.1 The Schematic Drawing of PLED Device
References
[1] C.W. Tang, S.A. VanSlyke, Appl. Phys. Lett. 51 (1987) 913.
[2] S. Lamansky, P. Djurovich, D. Murphy, F. Abdel-Razzaq, H.E. Lee, C. Adachi, P.E. Burrows, S.R. Forrest, M.E.
Thompson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123 (2001) 4304.
[3] Y. Sun, N.C. Giebink, H. Kanno, B.Ma, M.E. Thompson, S.R. Forrest, Nature 440 (2006) 908.
[4] S. Reineke, F. Lindner, G. Schwartz, N. Seidler, K. Walzer, B. Lüssem, K. Leo, Nature 459 (2009) 234.
[5] M.A. Baldo, S. Lamansky, P.E. Burrows, M.E. Thompson, S.R. Forrest, Appl. Phys. Lett. 75 (1999) 4. M.A. Baldo,
D.F. O’Brien, Y. You, A. Shoustikov, S. Sibley, M.E. Thomson, S.R.Forrest, Nature 395 (1998) 151.
30
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
OP-15
Elastic Light Scattering from a Silica Microsphere in Air
Imran Khan, Muhammad Hamza Humayun, and Ali Serpengüzel
Koç University, Microphotonics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics,
Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450 Turkey
Elastic light scattering from a silica microsphere is analyzed numerically. For the last few decades light interaction with
microspheres of various materials is of much interest because of their photonic properties. The microspheres are excited
with tunable diode lasers. Light is coupled to the microsphere through optical fiber half couplers. The 90 scattering by
the microsphere is studied numerically. Among the possible applications of this microsphere light interaction are optical
filters and optical modulators, and optical amplifiers.
31
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
OP-16
Synthesis of Single- and Few- Layered Graphene Using Lowpressure
Chemical Vapor Deposition
Mehmet Gürsoy*, Emre Çıtak, Ece Erten, Mustafa Karaman
* Selçuk University, Konya, 42075, mt.gursoy@gmail.com
Graphene and related materials have been intensively studied due to their fascinating electrical and mechanical
properties. Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms bonded into a two-dimensional hexagonal crystal structure, has
attracted a great deal of attention since its discovery in 2004. Various synthesis methods have been developed for the
production of graphene. The most widely used methods are mechanical exfoliation from graphite, chemical exfoliation,
chemical reduction of graphene oxides, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). CVD is popular and widely used
because of its low set-up cost, relatively high production yield, high purity, ease of control, and the good potential for
large-scale production. This study was focused on determining some parameters such as pressure, the effect of
hydrogen gas and temperature for synthesis of single- and few-layered graphene. Copper foils (25 mm thick; purchased
from Alfa Aestar) were used as the catalytic substrates. In this study, all experiments have been carried out by lowpressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) on copper foils under low pressure using ethanol as the carbon source.
When ethanol was used as carbon source, optimum pressure and temperature were 500 mTorr and 900°C, respectively.
In addition, the presence of hydrogen gas on the quality of graphene was found an important effect. Finally,
characterization of the products was performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Raman Spectroscopy.
32
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
OP-17
Inkjet Printed Biochips for Cell-Chip Applications
Nada Mzoughia, Yazay Eminağaa, Bernd Neumanna, Helmut Grothea and Bernhard Wolfa
a
Technische Universität München, Heinz Nixdorf-Lehrstuhl für Medizinische Elektronik, Munich, Germany
nada.mzoughi@mytum.de
Inkjet printing of conductive materials on flexible plastic substrates is an easy, efficient and cheap alternative to other
patterning techniques such as photolithography or laser patterning [1, 2]. We investigate the suitability of printed
conducting electrodes on a biocompatible substrate for biosensing applications in terms of conductivity and stability.
Flexible biochips are printed on transparent, flexible and biocompatible plastic sheets. The plastic sheets are not robust
and can therefore not be heated at high temperatures. Suitable sintering methods that lead to both good conductivity and
stability in aqueous media have been investigated. CNT based pH- and oxygen sensors have been prepared and
investigated. The influence of a polymer based membrane on the performance of the sensors has also been investigated.
After testing the sensors without cells, first experiments with cell measurement have been performed.
Inkjet printed biochips with good conductivity and stability in aqueous media can be fabricated on flexible and cheap
plastic substrates. CNT based sensors are suitable for cell monitoring.
References
[1] J. Perelaer, U. Schubert: Inkjet printing and alternative sintering of narrow conductive tracks on flexible substrates
for plastic electronic applications.
[2] M. Singh, H. Haverinen, P. Dhagat, G. Jabbour. Inkjet Printing- Process and Its Applications. Adv. Mater. 2010, 22,
673–685.
33
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
34
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-01
Synthesis of Novel Anthracene Derivatives and Their Theoretical Approach
Arif Kivrak,*a Selçuk Gümüşa, Mahmut Kuşb
a
Yüzüncü Yil University, Faculty of Science, Chem. Dept., 65080, Van, Turkey
b
Selçuk University, Chemical Engineering Dept., 42100, Konya, Turkey
akivrak@yyu.edu.tr
The design and synthesis of organic structure used at organic solar cells (OSC) and organic field effect transistors have
gained quite importance [1]. Especially, organic materials including strong electron donor groups in their structures are
used at organic solar cells and show good performances [2]. In this study, novel anthracene derivatives having strong
acceptor groups in their structures were synthesized and the geometries, electronic structures, as well as the dipole
moments and polarizabilities of novel anthracene derivatives were calculated using density functional theory (DFT).
Figure 1. Designed novel anthracene derivatives
References
[1] Spanggaard H., Krebs F. C., Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 83 (2004) 2-3.
[2] (a) Benanti T. L., Venkataraman D., Photosynthesis Research, 87(2006) 73–81. (b) Malenfant P. R. L.,
Dimitrakopoulos C. D., Gelorme J. D., Kosbar L. L., Graham T. O. Appl. Phys. Lett. 80 (2002) 2517-2519.
35
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-02
The Synthesis And Characterization Of Phosphorescent Iridium Complex With Branched
Alkyl Chains
Cigdem SAHINa, Canan VARLIKLIb
a
Department of Chemistry, Art & Science Faculty, Pamukkale University, Denizli, TURKEY
b
Solar Energy Institute, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, TURKEY
cigdemsahin82@gmail.com
Iridium(III) complexes have gained great interest in organic light emitting diode (OLED) applications because of their
high phosphorescence quantum yields and excellent wavelength tunability over the entire visible spectrum [1]
In this work, one new yellow emitting iridium complex with branched alkyl side group on the 2,2’-bipyridine ligand
was synthesized and characterized by using UV/Vis, fluorescence, FTIR, NMR spectroscopies and cyclic voltammetry.
The absorption and emission spectra of the complex were obtained in chloroform (Figure 1). The absorption spectrum
exhibits bands in the 325-400 nm range are assigned to spin allowed metal–ligand charge transfer transitions (1MLCT).
The complex shows photoluminescence maxima in yellow region of the visible spectrum. The HOMO and LUMO
energy levels of the complex were calculated using the maximum of first oxidation and reduction potentials [2]. The
energy states of complex are appropriate to be used as yellow emitter for organic light emiiting diodes.
400
300
1,0
200
0,5
Intensity
Absorbance
1,5
100
0,0
300
400
500
600
700
Wavelenght (nm)
Figure 1. The absorption and emission spectra of the complex in chloroform.
References
[1] S. Salinas, M.A. Soto-Arriaza, B. Loeb, Polyhedron 30 (2011) 2863-2869.
[2] B.S. Kim, S.H. Kim, Y.S. Kim, S.H. Kim, Y.A. Son, Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 504 (2009) 173-180.
36
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-03
Thermal Studies of a New Cyclometalated Iridium Complex
Cigdem SAHINa, Aysen GORENa
a
Department of Chemistry, Art & Science Faculty, Pamukkale University, Denizli, TURKEY
cigdemsahin82@gmail.com
Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are becoming increasingly successful as a new display technology. Although
OLED displays have reached commercialization, there is still need for improvement of the efficiency, color purity and
stability [1]. One of the ways is fabrication process to improve performance and stability of an OLED device. A vacuum
deposition method is very convenient for fabrication process of OLED. Thus, OLED materials should have thermal
stability [2].
In this work, a new orange emitting iridium(III) complex containing bipyridine with amide group was synthesized and
characterized by using UV/Vis, fluorescence, FTIR, NMR spectroscopies. The thermal properties of iridium(III)
complex have been investigated by using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The TGA curve of the complex shows
the 8% (wt.) decomposition temperatures were above 290 oC. It exhibits the high thermal stability required to evaporate
in vacuun for organic light-emitting diode applications.
Figure 1. The TGA curve of the complex.
References
[1] H.J. Bolink, E. Coronado, S.G. Santamaria, M. Sessolo, N. Evans, C. Klein,b E. Baranoff, K. Kalyanasundaram, M.
Graetzel, Md. K. Nazeeruddin, Chem. Commun. (2007) 3276.
[2] H. Yersin, Highly Efficient OLEDs with Phosphorescent Materials, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2008.
37
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-04
Electrical and Photoelectrical Properties of Au/N-Si Schottky Diode With
Organic Thin Film Interlayer
Cihat ÖZAYDINa, Kemal AKKILIÇb
a
Batman University, Faculty of Science & Art, Phys. Dept., 72060, Batman, Turkey
Dicle University, Dept. of Physics, Faculty of Education ,21280, Diyarbakır, Turkey
b
cihat.ozaydin@batman.edu.tr
The aim of this study is to investigate electrical and photoelectrical properties of Au/Cu(II) complex/n-Si schottky diode
by insertion of Cu(II) complex organic thin film layer between n-Si semiconductor and Au metal. For this aim the nSi/Au schottky diode with organic thin film interlayer were prepared by forming copper(II) complex
([Cu2(C34H34N2O5)(ClO4)2][ClO4]2) [1] thin film on n-type silicon using spin coating technique. The current-voltage (IV) measurement of the diode was carried out at room temperature and under dark. The ideality factor n and barrier
height ϕb values of the diode were found to be 3.17 and 0.71 eV, respectively. The diode indicates non-ideal currentvoltage characteristics due to the high ideality factor greater than unity. The series resistance Rs and ideality factor n
values were determined using Cheung’s method [2] and obtained as 5.54 kΩ and 3.81, respectively. The capacitancevoltage (C-V) measurements of the diode were performed at different frequency and room temperature. From the
analysis of the C-V measurements carrier concentration Nd, diffusion potential Vd and barrier height values ϕbc-v were
determined as 2.79x1015 cm-3, 1.078 V, 1.31 eV, respectively. From the I-V measurements of the diode under 1.5 AM
illumination, short circuit current (Isc) and open circuit voltage (Voc) have been extracted as 12.8 µA and 153 mV,
respectively.
Figure 1. Chemical structure of Cu(II)complex and Cross sectional view of Au/Cu(II) complex/n-Si structure
References
[1] S. İlhan. Journal of Coordination Chemistry 61 (2008) 2884–2895.
[2] S.K. Cheung, N.W. Cheung, Appl. Phys. Lett. 49 (1986) 85.
38
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-05
Water-Soluble Silver Nanocomposite with Poly(MA-alt-1-HX)-g-PEO Polymer Filled
with ODA-MMT
Deniz DEMIRCAN BOZDOGAN, Zakir M.O. RZAYEV
Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
demircan@hacettepe.edu.tr
In recent years, metallic nanoparticles have drawn a lot of attention due to their unusual physical and chemical
properties, which largely differ from their bulk properties [1,2]. They shows unique properties such as excellent
conductivity, chemical stability, and catalytic activity, etc. which are dependent on the particle size, size distribution
and shape [3-5]. Among all metals, silver has the highest electrical and thermal conductivity and silver nanocomposites
find the area of application in the fields such as resonant and nonlinear optical elements, high-dielectric strength media
for capacitors, enhanced electrical conductivity of ceramic media, pattern etching using HF, augmentation of electrode
response, magnetic spin glasses, etc.
In this study poly(MA-alt-1-hexene)-g-polyethylene oxide/octadecyl ammonium-montmorillonite (ODA-MMT)
nanocomposite was prepared by solution mixing process in water and to prepare conductive silver nanocomposites
consisting of silver nanoparticles deposited on the temperature-stable polymer-inorganic carrier. For this purpose, silver
ions were adsorbed on and reduced by heating. Various compositions containing 1% to 5% of Ag nanoparticles were
prepared. The Ag nanoparticles (AgNP) were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy which shows an absorption
band at 420 nm confirming the formation of nanoparticles. The resulting average particle sizes obtained from zeta
potential measurements were between 205-78 nm. The conducitvity measurements were achieved by four probe
method.
References
[1] J. M.Kohlera, L. Abahmanea, J. Wagnera, J. Albertb and G. Mayerb, “Preparation of metal nanoparticles with
varied composition for catalytical applications in microreactors”Chemical Engineering Science vol. 63, 2008, pp. 50485055.
[2] J. Perelaer, A. W. M. de Laat, C. E. Hendriks and U. S. Schubert, “Inkjet-printed silver tracks: low temperature
curing and thermal stability investigation” J. Mater. Chem. Vol 18, 2008, pp. 3209-3215.
[3] D. Kim, S. Jeong and J. Moon, “Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the polyol process and the influence of
precursor injection” Nanotechnology vol 17, 2006, pp.4019-4024.
[4] R. Zhang, K. S. Moon, W. Lin and C. P. Wong, “Preparation of highly conductive polymer nanocomposites by low
temperature sintering of silver nanoparticles” J. Mater. Chem. vol 20, 2010, pp.2018-2023.
[5] Y. Xiong, A. R. Siekkinen, J. Wang, Y. Yin, M. J. Kimb and Y. Xia, “Synthesis of silver nanoplates at high yields
by slowing down the polyol reduction of silver nitrate with polyacrylamide” J. Mater. Chem. vol 17, 2007, pp.26002602.
39
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-06
An Elegant, Contactless Method for Efficiency Potential Prediction of
Organic Solar Cells
Derya Baran, Ning Li, Nicola Gasparini, Andres Osvet, Tayebeh Ameri, Christoph J. Brabec
Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander Erlangen-Nurnberg
University, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, GERMANY
Derya.baran@fau.de
Keywords: charge transfer state, photoluminescence, organic solar cells, PCDTBT
Power conversion efficiencies of organic photovoltaics (OPV) increased dramatically in the last few years until 11
%.[1, 2] These values were mainly attained by improving the design and synthetic pathways of polymers and small
molecules with suitable band gaps [3, 4] molecular weights and desired solubilities[5] as well as device optimizations
with various methods including thermal annealing, solvent annealing and solvent mixtures and additives.[6] D/ A ratio
is one of the significant parameter in fabrication process of the BHJ solar cells in order to have a balanced transport and
facilitate this transport during photoelectric conversion. However, there are many other parameters to optimize these
blends such as polymer concentration, thickness, solvent additive and appropriate top electrode which is a herculean
workload to make devices. Photoluminescence (PL) is known as a fast, easy and powerful tool which is contactless and
provides complementary and injection level dependent information about radiative recombination. It is generally
assumed that CTPL is a good probe of geminate recombination of the excitons and this recombination does constitute a
significant limitation for IQE.
In this report, we highlight a new figure of merit using steady-state-photoluminescence to predict the best optimized
solar cell, without the need for a complete solar cell structure.[7] The experimental results show that, there is a strong
relation between the intensity of the singlet emission of pristine material in the blend (IS1-S0) and the intensity of
charge transfer emission (ICT). Using this relation, we can predict the efficiency potential of BHJ solar cells via
defining a new figure of merit (FOM). The higher FoM resulted in more efficient solar cells in PCDTBT: PC60BM
mixtures.
References
1. M. A. Green, K. Emery, Y. Hishikawa, W. Warta and E. D. Dunlop, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and
Applications, 2013, 21, 827-837.
2. G. Li, R. Zhu and Y. Yang, Nat Photon, 2012, 6, 153-161.
3. Y. He, M. Shao, K. Xiao, S. C. Smith and K. Hong, Sol Energ Mat Sol C, 2013, 118, 171-178.
4. H.-Y. Chen, J. Hou, S. Zhang, Y. Liang, G. Yang, Y. Yang, L. Yu, Y. Wu and G. Li, Nat Photon, 2009, 3, 649-653.
5. R. S. Ashraf, B. C. Schroeder, H. A. Bronstein, Z. Huang, S. Thomas, R. J. Kline, C. J. Brabec, P. Rannou, T. D.
Anthopoulos, J. R. Durrant and I. McCulloch, Adv Mater, 2013, 25, 2029-2034.
6. L. A. Perez, K. W. Chou, J. A. Love, T. S. van der Poll, D.-M. Smilgies, T.-Q. Nguyen, E. J. Kramer, A. Amassian
and G. C. Bazan, Adv Mater, 2013.
7. Baran, D. Brabec, C. J. PCT/EP2013/058730.
40
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-07
Au DOPED ZnO and POLYMER/SiO2 BASED LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES
Dilek YÜKSEL
Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Chem. Dept., 06800, Ankara, Turkey
dilexita@hacettepe.edu.tr
Doping is an important tool in the band-gap engineering for tunable light-emitting-diode (LED) applications. Especially
modified ZnO structures with several dopants has been studied extensively, and it has been seen that the band gap is
dependent on the concentration of doped metal in the ZnO structure. [1,2] On the other hand, systems with a polymer core
and a silica shell or vice versa are of great interest with their nanohybrid properties. [3,4]
In this study, two different structural models were investigated on their potential LED characteristics. The first structure
is the wurtzite structure of ZnO. Au doping was investigated by substituting one zinc atom with one gold atom in
different supercells, thus achieved with varying Au concentrations (Figure 1 a,b). The second structure is a core-shell
shaped polymer/silica nanocomposite model, poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-hexene)/silica hybrid, containing gold ions
adsorbed on it (Figure 1 c).
All structures were characterized by means of theoretical calculations performed at the DFT level by applying the
hybrid-exchange-correlation functional PBE0. This level of theory has already been proven to provide reliable
geometrical and electronic properties of ZnO-based systems.[1]
a)
Au
b)
c) *
Au
*
O
O
OH HN
n
Au
Figure 1. Different views of the computed optimized structures a) Au-doped and b) Au-inserted ZnO system
c) Au ion exchange site on polymer/silica nanocomposite system
References
[1] O. Lupan, T. Pauporté, T. Le Bahers, B. Viana, I. Ciofini, Adv. Funct. Mater., 21 (2011) 3564-3572.
[2] W. Yan, Q. Liu, C. Wang, X. Yang, T. Yao, J. He, Z. Sun, Z. Pan, F. Hu, Z. Wu, Z. Xie, S. Wei J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
136 (2014) 1150-1155.
[3] Y. Yuan, M. Krüger, Polymers, 4 (2012) 1-19.
[4] R. C. Shallcross, G. D. D'Ambruoso, B. D. Korth , H. K. Hall Jr., Z. Zheng, J. Pyun , N. R. Armstrong, J. Am.
Chem. Soc., 129 (2007) 11310-11311.
41
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-08
Direct Photo-Patterning of Pyrene Based Materials via Thiol-Ene Click Chemistry
a
Emre SEFER, aCeylan DOYRANLI, aFatma BAYCAN KOYUNCU, aEyup OZDEMİR, bSermet KOYUNCU*
a
b
Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Department of Chemistry, TR-17020 Canakkale, Turkey
Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Department of Chemical Engineering TR-17020 Canakkale, Turkey
emresefer67@hotmail.com, skoyuncu@comu.edu.tr
Thiol−ene click chemistry has grown tremendously in popularity over the past few years and has been shown to possess
numerous processing advantages such as rapid reaction rates, minimal oxygen inhibition, and high reaction yields in
direct contrast to the required high temperatures, long reaction times, and oxygen-free environments needed for the
thermal initiation of 4-phenylethenyl cross-linking groups previously popular[1]. Pyrene, as a blue-light-emitting
chromophore with good chemical stability and high charge carrier mobility, appears to be a very attractive building
block for light-emitting devices. As a large conjugated aromatic system, pyrene not only has the advantage of high
photoluminescence efficiency and high charge carrier mobility, but also exhibits excellent hole injection ability when
compared to other chromophores[2].
A new pyrene based organic molecule was designed, synthesized and cross-linked thin films was prepared via thiol−ene
click chemistry from 4-phenylethenyl as side-capped. Electrochemical and optical properties of molecule was studied
by cyclic voltametry, UV-Vis absorbtion and fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively. This results suggest that
synthesized crosslinkable pyrene based material is good candidate for OLEDs and OFETs.
References
[1] a) Klarner, G.; Lee, J. I.; Lee, V. Y.; Chan, E.; Chen, J. P.; Nelson, A.; Markiewicz, D.; Siemens, R.; Scott, J. C.;
Miller, R. D. Chem. Mater. 1999, 11 (7), 1800−1805 b Iha, R. K.; Wooley, K. L.; Nystrom, A. M.; Burke, D. J.; Kade,
M. J.; Hawker, C. J. Chem. Rev. 2009, 109 (11), 5620−5686
[2] a)Bevilacqua, P. C.; Kierzek, R.; Johnson, K. A.; Turner, D. H. Science 1992, 258, 1355. b)Jia, W. L.; McCormick,
T.; Liu, Q. D.; Fukutani, H.; Motala, M.; ang, R. Y.; Tao, Y.; Wang, S. N. J. Mater. Chem. 2004, 14, 3344. c) Terasa
M.F.D and Mullen K., Chem. Rev. 2001, 111, 7260-7314.
42
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-09
Synthesis And Characterization Of CuAlxGa1−xSe2 (CAGS) Thin Films By Sol-Gel Method
Erdi AKMAN 1, *, Emre ÜNVER1, Savaş SÖNMEZOĞLU 1
1
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University,
70100, Karaman, Turkey
erdiakman3636@gmail.com
In this study, (CAGS) thin films which have a great importance for thin film technology were grown on indium tin
oxide (ITO) substrate. Among the thin film production methods, sol-gel spin coating method having some benefits such
as basic and easy applicable was used. To investigate the effect of varying concentrations of aluminium (Al) and
gallium (Ga) on the physical properties of CAGS thin films, the structural, morphological and optical properties of
growth thin films were examined. It is seen from the X-ray diffraction results that crystallinity is improved with
increasing Al concentration. Surface topography of these thin films have been examined by atomic force microscopy
(AFM). From these images, good adhesion onto substrate, a homogeneous distribution and existence of a granular
structure on the surface have been noticed. Besides, some optical parameters such as transparency, band energy gap,
refractive index have been calculated from the optical measurements.
100
60
90
Transmittance (%)
Transmittance (%)
80
40
x=1,00
x=0,75
x=0,50
x=0,25
x=0,00
20
0
300
400
500
80
x=1,00
x=0,75
x=0,50
x=0,25
x=0,00
70
60
400
500
600
Wavelenght (nm)
600
700
800
Wavelength (nm)
900
700
1000
1100
Figure 1. Optical transmission spectra of CuAlxGa1-xSe2 thin films with varying x concentration.
43
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-10
New Naptahalene-Diimide Based Low Band Gap Polymers for Electrochromic Materials
a
Emre SEFER, aFatma BAYCAN KOYUNCU,
a
b
Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Department of Chemistry, TR-17020 Canakkale, Turkey
Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Department of Chemical Engineering TR-17020 Canakkale, Turkey
fatmabaycan@hotmail.com
Electroactive polymers are also suitable to be used as electrochromic materials because of not only their structurally
controlled energy band gap but also easy color tunability, processibility, high contrast ability and a fast response time.
Furthermore, electrochromic polymers can exhibit electrochemical stability upon continuous redox switching between
their various colored states without any noticeable decline in performance, so they have been considered excellent
candidates for the practicality of electrochromic devices. On the other hand, napthalene diimides (NDIs) represent a
class of highly stable n-type semiconductors with relatively high electron affinity and excellent charge transport
property. There has been an increasing interest in the incorporation of NDIs as energy- or electron-acceptors. PDI
exhibits an efficient charge separation in the solution and solid state. The photophysical properties in the solid state
indicated that these polymers form stacks of alternating OPV and NDI units as a result of favorable interactions of the
electron-rich donor moieties with the electron-poor acceptor units.
New naphthalene dimide (NDI) based electroactive monomers with different side-alkyl chain were synthesized and
then directly polymerized on to ITO/glass surface via electrochemical process. Owing to two step redox behavior of
NDI based polymer in cathodic regime, the polymeric films exhibits a wide range of colors including purple,violet-redkhaki-blue in low driving potentials. On the other hand, it is concluted that variety of the side alkyl chain was greatly
influenced the electrohromic performance.
References
[1] a) Argun, A.A.; Aubert, P.H.; Thomson, B.C.; Schwendeman I.; Gaupp, C.L.; Hwang, J.; Pinto, N.J.; Tanner, D.B.;
MacDiarmit, A.G.; Reynolds, J.R.; Chem. Matter., 16, 4401-4412, 2004. b) P.M. Beaujege, J.R. Reynolds, Chem Rev.
110,-268-320, 2010.c) Roncalli, J.; Chem. Rev. 97, 173-205, 1997.
[2] Koyuncu FB, Electrochimica Acta, 68, 184-191, 2012.
44
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-11
Modelling of Thermoluminescence (TL) Properties of B-Doped Graphene
Fatma ÖZÜTOK
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Physics Department, 17100, Çanakkale, TURKEY
fatmaozutok@comu.edu.tr
In this technologic age, production of new device is very important. These new devices should provide small ground,
easy integrated to other components and to be cheap cost. One of these carbon-based material such as graphite,
graphene.
Recently, graphene draws attention in scientific community because of its very interesting electronic, structurel and
thermal properties which lead to various important device application. Graphane is a single layer of carbon atoms
arranged in a honeycomb lattice which thermal conductivity is a very high, resistance is very low and surface area is a
adlibitum large [1].
The properties of semiconductors can be tailored by doping suitable dopants and by changing the thickness and material
characterization [2]. Graphene is generally doped with Ti, Fe and Cr atoms and N composites [3]. Hence, we determine
the dopant source of graphene which improving TL properties. In the literature, the most appropriate choice dopant of
graphene is boron which atomic radius and treatment in the structure.
Our aim in this study, calculated of this material’s TL properties by theoretical works. On the other hand, we will have
an idea about trap levels and Boron-centers in this material. So that, this topic will attract much more attention on field
of thermal devices in the future.
References
[1] Q. Liang and Y. Wei, Physica B 437 (2014) 36–40.
[2] G. Sharma and S. W. Gosavi, Journal of Luminescence 145 (2014) 557–562.
[3] H. Pinto, R. Jones, Lecture Notes, School of Physics, University of Exeter, 2010.
[4] A. Neto, F. Guinea, N. M. R. Peres, K. S. Novoselov and A. K., Rev. Mod. Phys. 81(2009), 109–162 .
[5] E. H. Hwang, S. Adam and S. Das Sarma, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 (2007).
[6] J.H. Chen, C. Jang, S. Xiao, M. Ishigami and M. S. Fuhrer, Nature Nanotechnol. 3(2008), 206–209.
[7] G.Giovannetti, P. Khomyakov, G.Brocks, P. Kelly and J. V. D. Brink, Phys. Rev. B 76 (2007), 073103.
45
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-12
PFE:ZnO Based Solution Processed Hybrid UltraViolet PhotoDetector
Gorkem MEMISOGLU, Canan VARLIKLI
Ege University, Solar Energy Institute, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
canan.varlikli@ege.edu.tr
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation detection is becoming important in number of areas such as flame detection, water
purification, dye curing, UV astronomy, UV radiation dosimetry, pollution monitoring, medicine, chemical/biological
reagent detectors, and space-to-space communications [1-3].
Zinc oxide (ZnO) has advantages, such as large photoresponse, low growth temperature and low cost. [4]. Polyfluorenes
(PFs) are p-type semiconductors with the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital
energy levels of PF and ZnO are suitable to form a donor (PF)-acceptor (ZnO) couple.
This study presents the detailed experimental characterization of a hybrid ultraviolet photodetector based on organic
semiconductor (poly(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-yleneethynylene) (PFE)) and ZnO. The advantage of the hybrid bulk
material system is the compatibility of the used materials with inexpensive fabrication methods such as solution
processing.
Optical and electrical characterizations combined with morphological analysis are used to understand charge
generation, dissociation and collection mechanisms. The full device structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PFE:ZnO/Al gave
responsivity of 238 mA/W at −4V under 1mW/cm2 UV light at 365 nm at room temperature.
Figure 1. Energy level diagram of materials
References
[1] M. Razeghi, A. Rogalski, J. of Appl. Phys., 79 (1996) 7433–7473.
[2] Y.A. Goldberg, Semiconduct. Sci. and Technol., 14 (1999) R41–R60.
[3] E. Monroy, F. Omn`es, F. Calle, Semiconduct. Sci. and Technol., 18 (2003) R33–R51.
[4] U. Ozgur, Y.I. Alivov, C. Liu, J. Appl. Phys., 98 (2005) 041301.
46
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-13
Capacitance-Voltage-Frequency Measurements of Al/Azure C/p Type Si Heterojunction
Ikram ORAKa, Abdulmecit TURUTb
a
Bingol university, Faculty of Science and art, Phys. Dept., 12000, Bingol, Turkey
Istanbul Medeniyet University, Science&Art Faculty, Dept. Eng. Phys., 34730, Istanbul, Turkey
b
ikramorak@gmail.com
In this study, we fabricated Al/Azure C/p type Si heterojunction by thermal evaparation. Electrical characterization of
the device was investigated and calculated some diodes parameters, such as ideality factor (n) and barrier height (Φ).
Capacitance –voltage and capacitance-frequency measurement of the device were taken at room temperature 100 kHz1000 MHz step by 100 kHz. As can be seen the figure, the device has been shown that the measure capacitance
decreases with increasing frequency and capacitance decreases with decreasing voltage at room temperature.
130
Al/Azure C/p-type Si/Al
f=100 kHz
92
88
84
1000 kHz
80
76
90
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2

Capacitance (pF)
100
Capacitance (pF)
120
110
200 kHz
-0.1
Voltage (V)
80
0.0
70
60
-1.2
-0.8
-0.4
0.0
Voltage (V)
0.4
Figure 1. Capacitance-Voltage measurement of Al/Azure C/p- type Si heterojunction
47
0.8
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-14
Bio-Sensitized Solar Cell based on Green Fluorescent Protein as Sensitizer
Mahir Gülena*, Seçkin Akına, Yakup Ulusub, İsa Gökçec and Savaş Sönmezoğlua, Jeremy H. Lakeyd
a
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University,
Karaman, Turkey
b
Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
c
Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
d
Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, The University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2
4HH, UK
mahirglen@gmail.com
Light absorption is the primary step in any photovoltaic device, therefore panchromatic light collection is a fundamental
condition to maximize the efficiency of a solar cell. Indeed, the photocurrent density is directly proportional to the
fraction of the light absorbed by the cell relative to the whole incoming solar flux. For above reason, here, we
synthesized Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) as a viable alternative to Ru-based dyes, and utilized as sensitizer in TiO2
photoelectrode based bio-sensitized solar cells (BSSCs). GFP based-BSSC generated a remerkable power conversion
efficiency (n) of 1.62%, short circuit photocurrent density (J sc) of 18.22 mA.cm-2, open circuit photovoltage (V oc) of
0.66 V and fill factor (FF) of 0.40 under simulated AM 1.5 irradiation (300 mW.cm-2) with an active area of 0.50 cm2.
The power conversion efficiency of the BSSCs reached 1.62%, which is higher than that sensitized by N719 dye
(1.17%). The obtained results suggest that the GFP bio-molecules have a great potential to be remarkable candidates as
sensitizers in photovoltaic energy conversion devices.
BSSC sensitized by GFP
DSSC sensitized by N719
-2
Photocurrent density (mA.cm )
20
16
12
8
4
0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Voltage (V)
Figure 1. J-V characterization of GFP
48
0.7
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-15
Metal Nanowire Transparent Electrode with Reduction in Haze for Display Applications
Mehmet ÖZDEMİRa, Ali CANLIERb, Hakan USTA b, Ünal ŞENc , Murat ÇITIRd
a
Melikşah University, Faculty of Science, Material Science & Mechanical Eng. Dept., Kayseri, Turkey
Abdullah Gül University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Material Science and Nanotechnology Eng.
Dept. , 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
c
Abdullah Gül University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Mechanical Eng. Dept. , 38039, Kayseri,
Turkey
d
Abdullah Gül University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Chemical Engineering Dept. , 38039, Kayseri,
Turkey
mehme.ozdemir@agu.edu.tr, ali.canlier@agu.edu.tr, hakan.usta@agu.edu.tr, unal.sen@agu.edu.tr,
murat.citir@agu.edu.tr
b
Currently used Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) transparent electrode has limitations including scarcity of indium, high costs
of materials and processing as well as mechanical brittleness that could be fatal to flexible displays and touch
screens. Promising candidates being studied for replacing ITO are carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene, and metal
nanowire electrodes. Among them, metal nanowire electrode is especially promising since it is able to overcome the
limitations of ITO listed above while providing similar or superior optical and electrical properties compared to
those of ITO. Metal nanowires can be fabricated using the solution synthesis methods with high yield, and the
solution suspended nanowires can simply be spin-coated or sprayed onto a large scale substrate. This revolutionary
technology is expected have a significant impact for the display industry, especially for flexible displays that
requires mechanical flexibility.
We study to improve the conductivity of the nanowire electrode per target transmittance by 1) reducing the number
of junctions by synthesis of longer and thinner nanowires and 2) minimizing the junction resistance itself by removal
of oxide and coating with Au passivation that has high conductivity. Therefore, our work will achieve the targeted
sheet resistance for display application with less nanowires that will result in improved total transmittance and
consequently minimize haze. The current level of haze is 15% at 8 ohm/sq sheet resistance and 80% diffusive
transmittance as reported by Hu et al. Our recent work in modifications to the polyol synthesis has allowed us to
obtain longer and thinner nanowire that reduced haze down to ~7% at <20 ohm/sq sheet resistance and 80%
diffusive transmittance. Whereas high haze value is an advantage for solar cell applications, displays for high-tech
devices and military applications, much lower haze value (<5%) is desired. Our study aims to tackle both aspects of
reducing aspect ratio and reducing junction resistance to reduce the overall haze to make this technology suitable for
displays.
For ultra-long and thin CuNWs, synthesis of ultra-long, thin CuNWs by hydrothermal process using ammines, study
of surfactant for even dispersion of CuNWs for spray coating will be studied. Nitrocellulose is proved to be a good
surfactant for its high-solubility in protic solvents and low-degradation temperature (175° C).
Acknowledgement
The authors would like to thank the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) KoreaTurkey Joint Research Project under the contract no. 112M572 for financial support.
References
[1] Y. Shi, H. Li, L. Chen, X. Huang, Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 6, 761 (2005).
[2] A. R. Rathmell and B. J. Wiley, Adv. Mater. , 23, 4798 (2011).
49
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-16
RF-H2O plasma treated ITO Thin Films for OLED Applications
Melek Kiristi1, Ferhat Bozduman2, Erdogan Teke2, Lutfi Oksuz2*, Aysegul Uygun Oksuz1
Conductive and highly transparent ITO thin film coating onto glasses is a challenging process for smart devices and
OLEDs. In this paper, e-beam and RF magnetron sputtering processing methods have been used to obtain highly
transparent and conductive glasses. The coated thin films are also modified by RF (radio frequency, 13.56 MHz)
H2O plasma. The structural, electrical and optical properties of ITO film were characterized by scanning electron
microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), four-probe technique and spectrophotometric measurements. RF-H2O
plasma characteristics were investigated by optical emission spectroscopy (OES). After a RF-H2O plasma treatment
the ITO films indicated lower resistance and better transparency due to radical species of H2O plasma interaction
on the film surface.
Key words: ITO, electron beam, rf magnetron sputtering, H2O plasma.
50
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-17
Mild Condition Crosslinking of Fluorene-Benzimidazole Polymers
a
Meryem SEZGİN, bSermet KOYUNCU, aEyup OZDEMİR , aFatma BAYCAN KOYUNCU*
a
b
Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Polymer Mat Res Lab, TR-17020 Canakkale, Turkey
Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Department of Chemical Engineering TR-17020 Canakkale, Turkey
fatmabaycan@hotmail.com,
Imidazole-based structures provide a logical and easily accessible entry point for developing conjugated polymers
which are dual-dopable into cationic or anionic poly(ionomer)s. Imidazole-type structures have been reported in a
limited number of conjugated systems, generally as an acceptor unit for electrochromic applications, in charge transfer
materials, and as band gap modifiers for photovoltaic materials. On the other hand, cross-linked films of conjugated
polymers (CPs) have been a topic of considerable interest in the past few decades. Solution processibiliy of CPs allow
for easy spin-coating, spraying, and inking of films directly onto a variety of rigid and flexible substrates. However, the
same ease of solution processing leads to difficulties in building multilayer and patterned devices, which can greatly
improve device performance. Covalent cross-linking of CP films offers one solution to this problem [1-2].
A new fluorene-benzimidazole based conjugated polymer containing allyl subunit was designed, synthesized and crosslinked thin films was prepared via thiol−ene click reaction. Dual dopable property of this polymer was investigated via
optical and electrochemical measurements. This results proved that this polymers can be usefull to use in optoelectronic
materials due to both dual dopable property and photo-crosslinking ability.
References
[1] a) Nurulla, I.; Tanimato, A.; Shiraishi, K.; Sasaki, S.; Yamamoto, T.; Polymer 2002, 43, (4), 1287-1293. b) Akpınar,
H.; Balan, D.; Ünver, E. K.; Toppare, L., Polymer 2010, 51, (26), 6123-6131. c) Balan, A.; Baran, D.; Toppare, L.;
Polymer Chemistry 2011.
[2] a) Koyuncu B. F., Andrew R. D., Kenneth R. C., Chem. Mater. 2012, 24, 4410−4416 , b) Andrew R. D., Janet A.
M., Kenneth R. C, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 20546–20551.
51
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-18
Modification of ITO Surface Using Anorganic Self Assembly Small Molecules on the
Performance of for OLEDs Applications
Yavuz Ascıa, Koray Karab, Melike Karakayac, Mustafa Cand*, Mahmut Kuşb, Ömer Mermera
a
b
Ege University, Electrical & Electronics Engineering Department, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
Selçuk University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Technology Research and Application Center,
42075, Konya, Turkey
c
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Izmir Katip Celebi
University, Cigli, 35620 Izmir, Turkey
d
Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Cigli, 35620 Izmir,
Turkey
Indium tin oxide (ITO) has been widely used for(in) organic light emitting diodes (OLED) applications, because of its
good electrical conductivity, high transmittance in the visible region. In OLED applications, organic molecules are
direct contact with the ITO as a result of these matching between ITO and organic layers are of great importance. ITO
has relatively low work function compared with the organic layers.
Recently, SAM technique has gained much importance in organic electronic because of the ease of processing and low
cost. Marks et al. have shown that modifying ITO surface via SAM molecules results in surface planarization and
increasing(shifting) the work function of ITO, good adhession. Carboxylic acid based SAM molecules are most
promising for modifying ITO surface. In this study, we used self assembly monolayer techniquemolecules to control
(improve, modify) the surface roughness and work function of ITO. Modification of ITO surface using these SAM
molecules on the perfomance parameters (current, luminance) of OLEDs were also investigated.
References:
[1] Ali Kemal Havare, Mustafa Can, Serafettin Demic, Salih Okura, Mahmut Kus, Hasan Aydın, Nesli
Yagmurcukardes, Suleyman Tari, “Modification of ITO surface using aromatic small molecules with carboxylic acid
groups for OLED” Synthetic Metals 161 (2011) 2397–2404.
[2] Yasuaki Tokudome, Tatsuya Fukushima, Atsushi Goto, Hironori Kaji, “Enhanced hole injection in organic lightemitting diodes by optimized synthesis of self-assembled monolayer” Organic Electronics 12 (2011) 1600–1605.
52
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-19
Optimizing The Organic Solar Cell Efficiency Using Novel Small Molecule as Dopant
Koray Karaa, Mesude Zeliha Yiğitb, Hakan Bilgilic, Mahmut Kusa, Mustafa Cand*
a
Selçuk University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Technology Research and Application Center,
42075, Konya, Turkey
b
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Izmir Katip Celebi
University, Cigli, 35620 Izmir, Turkey
c
Ege University, Solar Energy Institute, Bornova, 35040 Izmir, Turkey
d
Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Cigli, 35620 Izmir,
Turkey
As alternative P3HT polymer was synthesized a novel small molecule containing highly soluble triarylamine as a donor
and benzothiadiazole as an acceptor unit. MZ249 and P3HT were blended with PCBM(1:1 and 1:2 ,w/w) and spin
coated on ITO substrates using varying dopants to obtain good interaction active layer. J–V characteristics of the
constructed devices were investigated both in dark and under simulated sunlight (AM1.5G,100mW/cm 2) to determine
of dopants effect. In addition, the power conversion efficiency(PCE) of the devices was varied according to dopant
active layer and the best power conversion efficiency was recorded as 0,92 %.
OC6H13
H13 C6O
N
H13 C6O
N
S
N
N
S
S
OC6H13
References:
[1] S. Gunes, H. Neugebauer, N.S. Sariciftci, Conjugated polymer-based organic solar cells Chemical Reviews 107
(2007) 1324–1338.
[2] N.S. Sarıc-iftc-i, Polymeric photovoltaic materials, Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science 4 (1999)
373–378.
[3] T. Fromherz, F. Padinger, D. Gebeyehu, C. Brabec, J.C. Hummelen, N.S. Sariciftci, Comparison of photovoltaic
devices containing various blends of polymer and fullerene derivatives, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 63
(2000) 61–68
53
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-20
Determination Of The Interface State Density Distribution Of Au/PDI/n-Si Schottky Diodes
Using C-V-f And G-V-f Techniques
N.Tuğluoğlua, Ö.F. Yükselb, S. Karadeniza, M. Kuşc,d, H. Şafakb and B. Barışe
a
Department of Technology, Sarayköy Nuclear Research and Training Center, 06983, Saray, Ankara, Turkey
b
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Selçuk University, Campus, 42075, Konya, Turkey
c
Department of Chemical Engineering, Selçuk University, Campus, 42075, Konya, Turkey
d
Advanced Technology Research and Application Center, Selçuk University, Campus, 42075, Konya, Turkey
e
Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Giresun University, Gazipaşa Campus, 28100, Giresun, Turkey
tugluo@gmail.com
Perylene-diimide (PDI)/n-Si heterojunction has been formed by depositing a PDI layer on n-type Si using the spin
coating technique. In order to obtained the interface state density and its relaxation time of the device, the frequency
dependent capacitance–voltage (C–V–f) and conductance–voltage (G–V–f) characteristics of the device have been
investigated in the frequency range of 100 kHz – 1 MHz and the voltage range of 0 V – 0.3 V. The capacitance values
obtained from C-f measurements have shown a decrease but the conductance values obtained from G-f measurements
have a increase with increasing frequency. The interface state density ranges from 1.496 x 10 12 eV-1 cm-2 in 0 V to
1.704 x 1012 eV-1 cm-2 in 0.3 V. Furthermore, the relaxation time ranges from 2.83 x 10-6 s in 0 V to 4.82 x 10-7 s in
0.3V.
54
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-21
Dielectric Spectroscopy Studies In Au/PMI/p-Si Schottky Diodes
Ö.F. Yüksela, S. Karadenizb, N. Tuğluoğlub, M. Kuşc,d, H. Şafaka and B. Barışe
a
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Selçuk University, Campus, 42075, Konya, Turkey
Department of Technology, Sarayköy Nuclear Research and Training Center, 06983, Saray, Ankara, Turkey
c
Department of Chemical Engineering, Selçuk University, Campus, 42075, Konya, Turkey
d
Advanced Technology Research and Application Center, Selçuk University, Campus, 42075, Konya, Turkey
e
Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Giresun University, Gazipaşa Campus, 28100, Giresun, Turkey
b
fyuksel@selcuk.edu.tr
Perylene-monoimide (PMI)/p-Si (100) heterojunction has been fabricated by forming a PMI layer on p-type Si via the
spin coating. The C-V-f and G-V-f characteristics of the (PMI)/p-Si (100) heterojunction have been measured in voltage
range from –1 V to 1 V and the frequency range from 30 kHz to 1 MHz. From these characteristics, the behavior of real
(   ) and imaginary (   ) dielectric constant, tangent loss ( tan  ), electrical modulus (M*) and ac conductivity (  ac )
of the (PMI)/p-Si (100) heterojunction have been discussed. The values of   are 12.45 and 2.92 at 0.0 V for 30 kHz
and 1 MHz, respectively. Increasing with the decreasing frequency of dielectric constant is referred to the existence of a
probable interface polarization mechanism since interface traps at low frequencies can contribute to the ac signal and
the dielectric parameters. The AC conductivity of thin film increases with increasing frequency (500 Hz – 1 MHz). The
variation of the AC conductivity of PMI thin film as a function of frequency (10 kHz – 100 kHz) shows a linear
relation. The electric modulus formalism for the analysis of dielectric response of (PMI)/p-Si (100) heterojunction has
also been discussed.
55
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-22
Optimization of Organic Light-Emitting Diode Performance Using Novel Small Molecules
Mustafa Cana, Ali Kemal Havareb, Kadir Demirakc, Salih Okurc, Siddik Iclid, Mahmut Kuse, Serafettin Demicc*
a
Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Cigli, 35620 Izmir,
Turkey
b
Toros University, Faculty of Engineering, Mersin, TURKEY
c
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Izmir Katip Celebi
University, Cigli, 35620 Izmir, Turkey
c
Ege University, Solar Energy Institute, Bornova, 35040 Izmir, Turkey
e
Selçuk University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Technology Research and Application Center,
42075, Konya, Turkey
Modification of inorganic electrodes has attracted much attention in the study of organic semiconductor devices. Two
different novel triaryl amine derivatives containing mono- and dicarboxylic acid group were synthesized and used as
self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on indium tin oxide (ITO). Increase in work function of the surface modified by
SAM material is expected to facilitate hole injection from ITO into the organic layer. To investigate the effect of SAM
modification on the characteristics of an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) application, a typical device having the
configuration of ITO/TPD (50 nm)/Alq3 (60 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al (70 nm)] was fabricated. The SAM-modified device
endured a higher current and showed a much higher luminance (1390 cd/m2) than the bare ITO device (57 cd/m2). The
external quantum efficiency was also improved as a result of the presence of the SAM.
H13 C6O
OC6H13 H C O
13 6
OC6H13
N
N
HO
HO
OH
O
O
MK116
O
MK118
References:
[1] Ali Kemal Havare, Mustafa Can, Serafettin Demic, Salih Okura, Mahmut Kus, Hasan Aydın, Nesli
Yagmurcukardes, Suleyman Tari, “Modification of ITO surface using aromatic small molecules with carboxylic acid
groups for OLED” Synthetic Metals 161 (2011) 2397–2404.
[2] Yasuaki Tokudome, Tatsuya Fukushima, Atsushi Goto, Hironori Kaji, “Enhanced hole injection in organic lightemitting diodes by optimized synthesis of self-assembled monolayer” Organic Electronics 12 (2011) 1600–1605.
56
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-23
Morphology Improvement By Side-Chain Length Contol In Organic Solar Cells Based On
Benzodithiophene Low Band Gap Polymers With Carbazole Subunit
a
Deniz AYKUT, bMeryem SEZGİN, bEmre SEFER, aCeylan ZAFER, cSermet KOYUNCU
a
Ege University, Solar Energy Institute, TR-35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Polymer Mat Res Lab, TR-17020 Canakkale, Turkey
c
Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Department of Chemical Engineering TR-17020 Canakkale, Turkey
b
skoyuncu@comu.edu.tr
Organic photovoltaics are an alternative choice of renewable energy. Achieving significant improvements in processing
and manufacturing would push it a relative alternative to silicon based photovoltaics [1]. Conjugated polymers are
promising materials in terms of many aspects (electronic properties, low cost, versatility, thin film&flexibility, easy
processing) [2]. To achieve high power conversion efficiency (PCE) in photovoltaic applications, electron donor and
acceptor moieties should be chosen carefully. For an ideal polymer, a weak electron-donating unit conjugated to a
strong electron-withdrawing unit should simultaneously decrease the HOMO energy level and the band gap of the D/A
polymer and therefore to increase Voc and Jsc of the device [3]. It is well documented that BHJ devices fabricated using
P3HT and PCBM give PCE of about 5% [4]. There are several groups worldwide working on novel low bandgap donor
polymers to enhance PCE further up to 10% using PCBM as acceptor [5].
In summary, a series of low band gap polymers containing carbazole subunit with different alkyl side chain (TPCXP) wer
synthesized. The results exhibits that variety of alkyl chain has been influenced to electrochemical and optical properties of th
polymers. Besides, length of the alkyl side chain has been greatly effected to morphology in active layer of photovoltaic devices. A
a conclusion, alkyl chain with 4C atoms exhibited best performance compared to alkyl chains with 2C, 6C and 12C atoms. Th
highest PCE of the cells fabricated from the polymers TPC4-P as 3.05% while the others with TPC2-P, TPC6-P, TPC12-P gave a
efficiency of 1.18%, 0.71%, 0.32%, respectively (under AM 1.5 condition)
We gratefully acknowledge the support from Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK); project
number: 110T830
References
1) J. MingJiang, M. Yuan, K. Dinakaran, A. Hariharanand, J. Mater. Chem. A,2013,1,4415.
2) TM. Clarkeand, J. Durrant, Chem. Rev. 2010,110,6736–6767.
3) JM. Jiang, MC. Yuan, K. Dinakaran, A. Hariharanand, KH. Wei, J. Mater.Chem. A, 2013,1,4415.
4) CJ. Brabec, S. Gowrisanker, JJM. Halls, D. Laird, S. Jia, S.P. Williams, Advanced Marterials, 2010, 22, 3839.
5)http://www.konarka.com/index.php/site/pressreleasedetail/konarkas_power_plastic_achieves_world_record_83_effici
ency_certification_fr
57
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-24
Ink Formulation for Gravure Printed Organic Light-Emitting Devices
Serpil TEKOGLUa,b, Dominik DAUMEb,c, Christoph LEONHARDd, Edgar KLUGEd,
Edgar DÖRSAMb,c, Uli LEMMERa,e, Norman MECHAUa,b, Gerardo HERNANDEZ-SOSAa,b,e
a
Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
b
InnovationLab, Heidelberg, 69115, Germany
c
Institute of Printing Science and Technology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
d
Merck KGaA, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
e
Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76334, Eggenstein Leopoldshafen,Germany
Corresponding author: serpil.tekoglu@kit.edu
Printing electronics has a great potential in the market because of its more economic and efficient production compared
to the conventional methods. In the field of printing organic electronics, gravure printing stands out for its resistance to
different type of solvents, high throughput and high resolution in µm scale [1]. Additionally, gravure printing enables to
print functional layer on a wide variety of substrates like films, foils, glass, just to name a few. So far, gravure printing
research has focused on polymer based Organic Light-Emitting Devices (OLEDs) [2-4]. In order to benefit from the
advantages of small molecules for OLEDs, new strategies should be developed for printing.
In this work, we highlight an approach on how to print a small molecule material (supplied by Merck KgaA) that will
serve as an emissive layer in OLEDs [5]. First, we focused on the ink viscosity, ink wettability and ink stability to
optimize the printability of the functional fluid. After optimizing the formulation, we implemented it to an OLED stack
printed with a lab-scale printing proofer at a printing speed of 1 m/s. We achieved printed small molecule OLEDS with
a maximum efficiency of 7.7 cd/A, a turn on voltage of ∼3.5 V, and the pixel size of 0.24 cm2 on flexible PET
substrates. As a final step, we upscaled the pixel size of the OLEDs up to 12 cm² on glass and PET substrates using a
printing press close to industrial sheet-fed production, at a printing speed of 3 m/s.
Figure 1. Photograph of flexible small molecule OLED, the pixel size is 0.24 cm2
References
[1] D. Gamota, P. Brazis, K. Kalyanasundaram, J. Zhang, Printed Organic and Molecular Electronics, Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York, 2004.
[2] G. Hernandez-Sosa, N. Bornemann, I. Ringle, M. Agari, E. Dörsam, N. Mechau, U. Lemmer, Adv. Funct. Mater 23 (2013) 3164–3171.
[3] G. Hernandez-Sosa, S. Tekoglu, S. Stolz, R. Eckstein, J. Trapp, C. Teusch, U. Lemmer, M. Hamburger and N. Mechau, Advanced Materials,
(2014) doi:10.1002/adma.201305541.
[4] G. Hernandez-Sosa, R. Eckstein, S. Tekoglu, T. Becker, F. Mathies, U. Lemmer and N. Mechau, Organic Electronics, Vol:14, Issue 9, (2013)
2223-2227.
[5] S. Tekoglu, G. Hernandez-Sosa, E. Kluge, U. Lemmer, N. Mechau, Organic Electronics, 14, (2013) 3493-3499.
58
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-25
AnE-PVab:PCBM Based Organic Solar Cell With TiO2 Films Used As Electron Selective
Layer In Inverted Configuration
Süreyya Aydin Yüksela*, Fatih Ongüla, Sinem Bozara, Gülbeden Cakmakb, Aren Yazmacıyana, Esma Yenela,
Mehmet Kazicia , Hasan Yüksel Güneyb, Daniel Ayuk Mbi Egbec, Serap Günesa*
a
Department of Physics, Yildiz Technical University, 34210, Esenler/Istanbul, Turkey
b
Department of Physics, Kocaeli University, 41380 Kocaeli, Turkey.
c
Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry Johannes Kepler University,
Altenbergerstr. 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria.
Organic photovoltaic materials based solar cells, which called third generation cells, have received considerable
attention because of their flexibility, less weight, semitransparent and law cost properties. One of the most used
materials for OPVs are conjugated polymers (P3HT) as electron donor which has high absorption coefficient in the
visible region of the solar spectrum with high mobility of photo generated holes and as electron acceptor usually
fullerene derivative such as C60 or [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as acceptor [1-10]. The highest
recorded efficiencies of OPVs are 8.3% and 10.3% using organics polymer and dye, respectively which has continued
to experiments about improvement performances of the cells [11,12]. Although efficiency is an important issue,
stability problems of organic solar cells still remain as a challenge to be overcome. Organic materials are by nature
sensitive to oxygen and moisture. Either due to the sensitivity of organic materials or electrode materials, such as
aluminum, to air and humidity organic solar cells suffer from rapid degradation upon exposure to air [13,14]. In this
case, the device geometry is inverted by inserting an electron conducting layer such as TiO 2, ZnO, Nb2O5, Cs2CO3,
V2O5, PbS, CdS [15-29] between ITO and the top electrode.
In this study, an inverted photovoltaic cell was fabricated with AnE-PVab:PCBM for the first time and compared with
conventional configuration photovoltaic cell. TiO2 film used as electron collector layer in inverted configuration.
Power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.59% is demonstrated for inverted configuration higher than of conventional
cell which was 1.70%. The inverted cell is kept about 50% of PCE and short circuit current for 40 hour after in glove
box ambient which is much better than that of the conventional configure.
References
1- E. Ahlswede, W. Muehleisen, M. W. b. M. Wahi, J. Hanischand M. Powalla, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2008, 92,
143307-1–3.
2- W. Yanmin, J. Sol. Energy Eng., 2012, 134, 011017.
3- P. Kumar and S. Chand, Prog. Photovoltaics, 2012, 20, 377–415.
4- T. T. Larsen-Olsen, F. Machui, B. Lechene, S. Berny, D. Angmo, R. Soslashndergaard, N. Blouin, W.
Mitchell, S. Tierney, T. Cull, P. Tiwana, F. Meyer, M. Carrasco-Orozco, A. Scheel, W. Loumlvenich, R. de
Bettignies, C. J. Brabec and F. C. Krebs, Adv. Energy Mater., 2012, 2,1091–1094.
5- F. C. Krebs, M. Jorgensen, K. Norrman, O. Hagemann,J. Alstrup, T. D. Nielsen, J. Fyenbo, K. Larsen and J.
Kristensen, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 2009, 93, 422–441.
6- Sariciftci NS, Smiloitz L, Heeger AJ, Wudl F. Science 1992;258:1474-76.
7- Park SH, Roy A, Beaupré S, Cho S, Coates N, Moon JS, et al. Nat Photon 2009;3:297-303.
8- Blom PWM, Mihailetchi VD, Koster LJA, Markov DE. Adv Mater 2007;19:1551-1566.
9- Ma W, Yang CY, Gong X, Lee KH, Heeger A. J Adv Funct Mater 2005;15:1617-1622.
10- Li G, Shrotriya V, Huang J, Yao Y, Moriarty T, Emery K, et al. Nat Mater 2005;4: 864-868.
11- www.konarka.com
12- M.A. Green, Prog. Photovoltaics, 2012, 20 472-476.
13- S.K. Hau, H.L. Yip, A.K.Y Jen, A Review on the development of the inverted polymer solar cell architecture,
Polymer Reviews 50 (2010) 474-510.
14- I. Litzov, c.J. Brabec, Development of Efficient and Stable inverted bulk heterojunction solar cell using
different metal oxide interfaces, Materials 6 (2013) 5796-5820.
15- J.Y. Kim, S.H. Kim, H.H. Lee, K. Lee, W. Ma, X. Gong, A.J. Heeger, New architecture for high-efficiency
polymer photovoltaic cells using solution- based titanium oxide as an optical spacer, Adv. Mater. 18 (2006)
572–576.
59
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
16- T. Kuwabara, H. Sugiyama, T. Yamaguchi, K. Takahashi, Inverted type bulk- heterojunction organic solar cell
using electrodeposited titanium oxide thin films as electron collector electrode, Thin Solid Films 517 (2009)
3766–3769.
17- M.H. Park, J.H. Li, A. Kumar, G. Li, Y. Yang, Doping of the metal oxide nanostructure and its influence in
organic electronics, Adv. Funct. Mater. 19 (2009) 1241–1246.
18- M. Lira Cantu, A. Chafiq, J. Faissat, I. Gonzales-Valls, Y. Yu, Oxide/Polymer interfaces for hybrid and
organic solar cells: anatase vs. rutile TiO2, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 95 (2011) 1362-1374.
19- H.-L. Yip, S.K. Hau, N.S. Baek, A.K.-Y. Jen, Polymer solar cells that use self- assembled-monolayer-modified
ZnO/metals as cathodes, Adv. Mater. 20 (2008) 2376–2382.
20- M.S. White, D.C. Olson, S.E. Shaheen, N. Kopidakis, D.S. Ginley, Inverted bulk- heterojunction organic
photovoltaic device using a solution-derived ZnO underlayer, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 (2006) 143517.
21- A.K.K. Kyaw, X.W. Sun, C.Y. Jiang, G.Q. Lo, D.W. Zhao, D.L. Kwong, An inverted organic solar cell
employing a sol–gel derived ZnO electron selective layer and thermal evaporated MoO3 hole selective layer,
Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 (2008) 221107.
22- S.K. Hau, H.-L. Yip, N.S. Baek, J. Zou, K. O’Malley, A.K.-Y. Jen, Air-stable inverted flexible polymer solar
cells using zinc oxide nanoparticles as an electron selective layer, Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 (2008) 253301.
23- A.Hayakawa,O.Yoshikawa,T.Fujieda,K.Uehara,S.Yoshikawa,High performance polythiophene/fullerenebulkheterojunctionsolarcellwitha TiOx hole blockinglayer,Appl.Phys.Lett.90(2007)163517.
24- K.Lee,J.Y.Kim,H.Park,S.H.Kim,S.Cho,A.J.Heeger,Air-Stablepolymer
electronic
devices,Adv.Mater.19(2007)2445–2449.
25- H.-L.Yip,S.K.Hau,N.S.Baek,A.K.-Y.Jen,Self-assembledmonolayermodified
ZnO/metal
bilayercathodesforpolymer/fullerenebulk-heterojunctionsolar cells, Appl.Phys.Lett.92(2008)193313.
26- D.C. Olson, J. Piris, R.T. Collins, S.E. Shaheen, D.S. Ginley, Hybrid photovoltaic devices of polymer and ZnO
nanofiber composites, Thin Solid Films 496 (2006) 26–29.
27- W.J.E. Beek, M.M. Wienk, M. Kemerink, X. Yang, R.A.J. Janssen, Hybrid zinc oxide conjugated polymer
bulk heterojunction solar cells, J. Phys. Chem. B 109 (2005) 9505–9516.
28- J.J. Zhu, Z.Q. Xu, G.Q. Fan, S.T. Lee, Y.Q. Li, J.X. Tang, Inverted Polymer Solar Cells with Atomic Layer
Deposited CdS film as an electron collection layer, Organic Electronics 12 (2011) 2151-2158.
29- M. Zhang, D. Yang, J. Zhang, X. Wong, C. Li, Improving the performance of CdS/P3HT hybrid inverted solar
cells by interfacial modification, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 96 (2012) 160-165.
60
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-26
Efficient Sensitization Of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells By Nanoparticles
Tugba TUGSUZ ARIFIOGLU
Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Chem. Dept., 06800, Ankara, Turkey
ttugsuz@hacettepe.edu.tr
Recently, Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time Dependent DFT (TD-DFT) approaches have proven their ability
to model the elementary mechanisms and components of DSSCs.[1-3] Here we describe a step-by-step theoretical
protocol based on DFT and TD-DFT at both the molecular and periodic levels for assisting the design of DSSC devices
including dyes and co-adsorbents components. These computational tools have been tested before with D149 indoline
dye. We described an easy and flexible means for improving D149 indoline dye content of ZnO electrodes and avoiding
the formation of aggregates by the use of amphiphilic fatty acids as co-adsorbents. A series of fatty acids with variable
hydrophobic alkyl chain length has been studied and the D149 indoline dye loading and the recombination step have
been optimized. Computing and experimental results showed that they present an alkyl chain length compatible with the
dye molecule size and structure [4].
Co-adsorbents are important for the efficient sensitization by organic dye. In this study we showed that rather small
CdSe nanoparticles are very efficient co-adsorbents that avoid dye aggregation and give rise to high dye loadings. CdSe
nanoparticles are also sensitizers which absorb light in the visible region and produce injection of electrons through
metal oxide surface. By using this double advantage, the solar cell has been modeled in the case of the CdSe/D149
indoline dye/ZnO system. The co-adsorbents/oxide interactions as well as the co-adsorbent/dye interactions have been
quantified and the geometry of the hybrid system has been calculated.
Figure 1. Representation of CdSe/D149 indoline dye/ZnO system
References
[1]F. Labat, T. Le Bahers, I. Ciofini, C. Adamo, Acc. Chem. Res., 45(8) (2012) 1268–1277.
[2]W. R. Duncan, O. V. Prezhdo, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 58 (2007) 143-184.
[3]C. Anselmi, E. Mosconi, M. Pastore, E. Ronca, F. De Angelis, Phys Chem Chem Phys. 14 (2012) 15963-74.
[4]C. Magne, M. Urien, I. Ciofini, T. Tugsuz, T. Pauporté, RSC Advances, 2 (2012) 11836-42.
61
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-27
Electrical characterization of Al/PDI/ITO Schottky Diode
F. Ülküera, B.Gülverena
a
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Selçuk University, Campus, 42075 Konya, Turkey
In this work, we have fabricated an Al/perylene-diimide/ITO Schottky barrier diode. In sample fabrication
stage, the surface of ITO/glass substrate has been coated with perylene-diimide by drop casting method and then the
Aluminium ( Al ) Shottky contacts have been thermally evaporated on the on the organic material with a thickness of
150 nm in a pressure of approximately 5x10 -6 Torr. The current-voltage (I-V) charactheristics of the diode have been
measured at room temperature and it has been observed that it has shown good rectification behavior. By using IVcharactheristics, the idealite factor (n), barrier height  B , and some other diode parameters have been calculated[1-5].
O
O
N-R
R-N
O
O
Fig1. Cross sectional viev of Al/ perylene-diimide / ITO Schottky dıode
Representation of PDI
Fig2. Chemical
0,8
0,6
I( A )
0,4
0,2
0,0
-0,2
-0,4
-2
0
2
4
6
V( Volt )
Fig3. I-V charactheristics of Al/ perylene-diimide /ITO Shottky diode
References
[1]Ö.F. Yüksel,N. Tugluoglu,B. Gülveren,H. Safak, M. Kus, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 577, (2013)30
[2] H.Safak, M.Sahin, Ö.F.Yüksel, Solid-State Electronics 46(2002)49.
[3] A.A.M.Farag, B.Gunduz, F.Yakuphanoglu, W.A.Farooq, Synthetic Metals, (2010)2559.
[4] T.U.Kampen, S.Park, D.R.T.Zahn, Appl.Surface Science 190(2002)461.
[5]M. E. Aydın, M. Soylu, F. Yakuphanooglu, W. A. Farooq, Microelecronic Eng.88(2011)867.
62
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-28
Preparation and Characterization of Diluted Magnetic Nanoparticles and
Their Application in DSSC
Gizem SAKA*, Sule ERTEN-ELA*
Solar Energy Institute, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
gizemmsaka@gmail.com, suleerten@yahoo.com, sule.erten@ege.edu.tr
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been the focus of an increasing amount of the recent literature, which has
chronicled research into both the fabrication and applications of MNPs. The explosion of research in this area is driven
by the extensive technological applictions of MNPs. ZnO and CdO nanoparticles are commonly used in organic
photovoltaics and organic field effect transistors in the literature [1-4].
Magnetic nanoparticles can be prepared easily by doping processes. Diluted magnetic nanoparticles are mainly
produced by either coprecipitation of ions in reverse micellar solutions or the decomposition of organometallic
precursors in hot surfactant solutions. Both methods provide control over both size and dopant concentration. In this
study we focused on the preparation of diluted magnetic nanoparticles by doping ZnO and CdO with Co 2+ ions. Diluted
magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal process using microwave oven. Diluted magnetic
nanoparticles were characterized XRD analysis, UV-Vis measurements. Co2+ doped ZnO and CdO nanoparticles were
also tested in dye sensitized solar cell using Z907 dye.
References
[1] Murty, B.S., Ranganathan, S., Int. Mater Rev. 1998, 43, 101-141
[2] Kruis F.E., Fissan, H., Peled, A, J. Aerosol Sci., 1998, 29, 511-535
[3] Giersig, M, Hilhendorff, M. Coll, Surf A 2002, 202, 207-213.
[4] A. Cagatay Cakir, Sule Erten-Ela, Adv. Powder Technology, Vol. 23, Issue 5, pp. 655-660, 2012.
63
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-29
The Performance Studies on Swallow-Tailed Naphthalene Diimide Derivatives in Solution
Processed Inverted Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells
Hizir Sarıca*, Gulsah Turkmen, Sule Erten-Ela*
Solar Energy Institute, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
hizir_src87@hotmail.com, suleerten@yahoo.com, sule.erten@ege.edu.tr
The inverted bulk heterojunction devices are attractive concept to improve stability because it only uses electrode and
interface materials with a higher work function and significantly improved longevity [1-5]. In this study, two different
soluble swallow-tailed naphthalene dimide derivatives were synthesized, Thermal stabilities were also measured with
thermal gravimetry analyser (TGA). Naphthalene diimides showed high termal stability. NDI derivatives exhibited
good thermal stabilities that thermal decomposition peak appeared at 438°C and 421°C, respectively for NDI-1 and
NDI-2. Highly soluble naphthalene dimide derivatives were used in inverted bulk heterojunction solar cells. Two
different ZnO cathode layers were used to fabricate bulk heterojunction solar cells. One of them was single layer
consists of dense ZnO layer and the other was double layer comprising porous ZnO layer onto dense ZnO layer. Best
efficiency was obtained for device-1 as 8.78 mA/cm2 of short circuit photocurrent density, 300 mV of open circuit
voltage, 0.28 of filling factor, 0.74 of overall conversion efficiency.
a)
b)
Fig.1 AFM images of ZnOs, dense layer (a), porous layer (b)
References
[1] C.W. Tang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 48 (1986) 183-185.
[2] N.S. Sariciftci, L. Smilowitz, A.J. Heeger, F. Wudl, Science 258 (1992) 1474.
[3] . Rana Bekci, S. Erten-Ela, Renewable Energy, 43 (2012) 378-382
[4] M. Helgesen, R. Sondergaard, F.C. Krebs, J. Mater. Chem. 20 (2010) 36-60.
[5] S.E. Shaheen, M.S. White, D.C. Olson, N. Kopidakis, D.S. Ginley, SPIE/Newsroom (2007).
64
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-30
Towards High Efficient Flexible Organic Tandem Solar Modules
George D. Spyropoulos, César Omar, Peter Kubis, Ning Li, Luca Lucera, Tayebeh Ameri, Monika M. Voigt and
Christoph J. Brabec
Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander Erlangen-Nurnberg
University, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, GERMANY
George.Spyropoulos@zae-bayern.de
Keywords: organic photovoltaics, flexible organic tandem solar cells, large-scale production, solution-processing,
modules
The competition in the field of solar energy between Organic Photovoltaics (OPVs) and several Inorganic Photovoltaic
technologies is continuously increasing to reach the ultimate purpose of energy supply from inexpensive and easily
manufactured solar cell units. Solution-processed printing techniques on flexible substrates attach a tremendous
opportunity to the OPVs for the accomplishment of low-cost and large area applications. Furthermore, tandem
architectures came to boost up even more OPVs by increasing the photon-harvesting properties of the device.
In this work, we demonstrate for first time a solution processed flexible tandem modules. Information exchange
between device design, experimental optimizations and optical simulations lead to high efficient (PCE>7%) lab scale
devices on glass. Subsequently, combinatorial material and printing engineering give birth to high performance
(PCE>5%) flexible OPV Tandem devices. As a last experimental step, high performance flexible OPV tandem module
devices utilizing ultrafast laser patterning are materialized and presented. The high resolution (<20microns) and high
processing speeds (up to 4 m/s) give the module great geometrical fill factors and full compatibility with Roll to Roll
production techniques. Finally, we performed bending tests to prove their flexibility and versatility for future
application. All in all, we put our brick in the contribution towards high efficient up scaling.
65
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-31
Elastic Light Scattering From A Ruby Microsphere In A Nematic Liquid Crystal
Muhammad Rehan Chaudhry, Muhammad Zakwan and Ali Serpengüzel
Koç University, Microphotonics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics,
Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450 Turkey
Numerical simulation of transverse electrically (TE) and transverse magnetically (TM) polarized elastic light scattering
from ruby microspheres immersed in nematic liquid crystals will be presented. Ruby with its high refractive index is
suitable for integration with nematic liquid crystals.
66
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-32
Benzothiadiazole and Benzoselenadiazole Based p-Type Semiconducting Polymers for
Organic Solar Cells
Hakan Bilgili1, Deniz Aykut1, Sermet Koyuncu2, Şerafettin Demiç3, Ceylan Zafer1
1
Solar Energy Institute, Ege University, Izmir, TR-35100
hakanbilgili00@hotmail.com,
Organic solar cells (OSC) based on conjugated polymer donor and fullerene acceptor blends have attracted significant
research interest in the past two decades[1]. Conjugated polymers are promising materials in terms of many aspects
such as electronic properties, low cost, versatility, thin film and flexibility, easy processing [2]. Low-band gap
conjugated polymers can be obtained by the synthesis of copolymers made of alternating electron-rich and electrondeficient units[3].
Most of electron-rich building blocks contain thiophene unit. A simple method to tune the properties of the polymers is
replacing the sulfur (S) atom in thiophene with a selenium (Se) atom. Sulphur (S) atom is less larger in size and much
electronegative compared to the Se atom, and hence Se containing polymers are expected to be more effective in
extending the absorption spectrum toward the infrared region [4]. In this study, we presented here four donor – acceptor
(D-A) type polymers containing fluorene derivatives as donor and benzothiadiazole and benzoselenadiazole as acceptor.
Fotovoltaic and photophisical properties of reported polymers compared with P3HT as a reference.
Optical properties of the molecules were investigated by UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy.
Morphologies of the films were investigated by atomic force microscope (AFM) measurement. Electrical analysis of
devices were performed under standart conditions at AM1.5 illumination under inert nitrogen atmosphere in glove box.
According to electrical analysis of F8-TBT, power conversion efficiency of 3.53% was obtained with device structure
of F8-TBT:PCBM (1:2) blend films. The open circuit voltage (V oc) was 680 mV, and short circuit current (J sc) was
14.42 mA/cm2. We have achieved the power conversion efficiency of 3.76% with Voc of 800 mV and Isc of 15.67
mA/cm2 by using SF12-TBT:PCBM (1:5) blend in the active layer of the device.
efficiency :
50
40
J (mA/cm2)
30
P3HT:PC71BM(1:1)
P3HT:PC71BM(1:1) dark
C12:PC71BM (1:2)
C12:PC71BM (1:2) dark
OF:PC71BM (1:5)
OF:PC71BM (1:5) dark
1.96 %
0,0
0,6
3.76 %
3.53 %
20
10
0
-10
-20
-0,2
0,2
0,4
0,8
1,0
V(V)
Figure 1(a) Comparison of the current-voltage characteristic of devices with reference P3HT:PC71BM (1:1), SF12TBT:PCBM (1:2) and F8-TBT:PC71BM (1:5) active layer.
References:
1) Huaxing Zhou, Liqiang Yang, Sarah Stoneking and Wei You, ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 2010, 2, 1377–
1383.
2) TM. Clarkeand, J. Durrant, Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 6736–6767.
3) Cesare Soci, In-Wook Hwang, Daniel Moses, Zhengguo Zhu, David Waller, Russel Gaudiana,
Christoph J. Brabec, and Alan J. Heeger Adv. Funct. Mater. 2007, 17, 632–636.
4) Erjun Zhou, Junzi Cong, Kazuhito Hashimoto and Keisuke, Tajima, Macromolecules, 2013, 46, 763−768.
67
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May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-33
Elastic Light Scattering from a Sapphire Microsphere in Air
Farhan Azeem, Muhammad Sohail Anwar, and Ali Serpengüzel
Koç University, Microphotonics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics,
Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450 Turkey
Numerical results for elastic light scattering from sapphire microspheres placed in air is presented. Sapphire has higher
refractive index than silica giving rise to higher quality factor modes. The elastic scattering calculations performed in
the forward direction simulate the transmission signal.
68
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
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May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-34
Novel Unsymmetrical Zn-Phthalocyanines; Synthesis, Characterization and Surface
Organization for Optoelectronic Applications
Suleyman Gokhan Çolaka, Fatma Aslihan Senzeybeka, Ersan Harputlua, Saadet Yildırimcana, Abdulcelil Yuzera,
Mine Incea, Kasim Ocakoglua
a
Advanced Technology Research & Application Center, Mersin University, Ciftlikkoy Campus, TR-33343 Yenisehir,
Mersin, Turkey.
Phthalocyanines are macroheterocylic compounds having 18  electron system and synthetic analogues of the naturally
occuring porphyrins. The electronic absorption spectrum of phthalocyanines shows two main bands, the Q-band and the
Soret or B-band. The Q-Band, associated to -* HOMO-LUMO transition, is usually found in the near-IR region, and
is responsible for the deep green or blue colour of these compounds. Apart from their thermal and chemical stability,
their extended photo response at 600-800 nm, where the photons flux is maximum, make them perfect light-harvesting
systems and ideal components for various applications in many research fields such as organic solar cells, photodyanic
therapy, light-emitting diodes, nonlinear optics, and supramolecular chemistry. 1 It is known that Pcs can form two types
of aggregates namely, face-to-face H-aggregates and head-to-tail J-aggregates which display remarkably different
absorption band as compared to the monomeric species. Indeed, from the device performance point of view, the form of
aggregates plays a critical role since their properties mostly depend on the aggregation type.
In this context, two novel unsymmetrical substituted hydroxy-functionalized Pcs 1 and 3 (Figure 1) which bear long
aliphatic chains namely octylthio and dodecyloxy units, respectively, have been syntesized as the buiding blocks for the
construction of multipurpose materials in potential optoelectronic applications.
R2
R2
R1
R1
N
N
1 R1=R2: OC12H25
N
Zn
N
N
N
N
2 R1= H R2: SC8H17
N
R2
OH
R1
Figure 1. Molecular structures of Pc 1 and 2.
The functionalized Pcs derivatives like 1 and 2 are expected to lead to valuable materials for optoelectronic
applications.
References
[1] G. de la Torre, G. Bottari, U. Hahn, T. Torres, Struct. Bonding, 2010, 135, 1.
[2] G. Bottari, O. Trukhina, M. Ince, Tomas Torres, Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 2012, 256, 2453.
69
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May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-35
Optical Properties of CZTS Nanocrystalline Compound Semiconductor Thin Film
Zeynep Kişnişci,1* , Faruk Özel2,3
1
Department of Physics, Selçuk University, Konya 42075, Turkey
Department of Chemical Engineering, Selçuk University, 42075, Konya, Turkey
3
Advanced Technology Research and Application Center, Selçuk University, 42075, Konya, Turkey
2
Copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) is a quaternary semiconducting compound which has received increasing interest since
the late 2000s for applications in solar cells. Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films are attracting because of alternative system
to Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin films, proper band gap energy (1.4–1.5 eV), and high optical absorption coefficient
(>104 cm−1) [1,2]. Also CZTS is composed of abundant and non-toxic elements. The record efficiency of
Cu2ZnSnS4 based solar cells is 8.4%[3], and 11.1% [4]
In this study, Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanocyrstals have been manufactured by using hot injection technique and CZTS
nanoparticles have been analyzed by using X-Ray Diffractometer for better understanding of crystalline structure. Then,
CZTS nanocrystal thin film is produced on glass by spin coating method. Absorption and reflectance measurements of
CZTS thin film have been performed. Next, the optical parameters such as optical band gap, extinction coefficient,
absorption coefficient and refractive index are determined from the experimental data using standard analysis methods.
References
[1] H. Katagiri, K. Jimbo, W.S. Maw, K. Oishi, M. Yamazaki, H. Araki, A. Takeuchi, Thin Solid Films, 517 (2009), pp.
2455–2460.
[2] K. Ito, T. Nakazawa,Electrical and optical properties of stannite-type quaternary semiconductor thin films, Jpn. J.
Appl. Phys., 27 (1988), pp. 2094–2097.
[3] B. Shin, O. Gunawan, Y. Zhu, N.A. Bojarczuk, S.J. Chey, S. Guha, Thin film solar cell with 8.4% power conversion
efficiency using an earth-abundant Cu2ZnSnS4 absorber, Prog. Photovoltaics Res. Appl., 21 (2013), pp. 72–76.
[4]T.K. Todorov, J. Tang, S. Bag, O. Gunawan, T. Gokmen, Y. Zhu, D.B. Mitzi, Beyond 11% efficiency:
characteristics of state-of-the-art Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells, Adv. Energy Mater., 3 (2013), pp. 34–38.
70
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May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-36
Synthesis of Perylene Diimide Containing –SH Group
Özgül BİRELa,b, Chenming XUEc, Quan LIc
a
Kırklareli University, Luleburgaz Higher Vocational School, 39760, Luleburgaz, Kırklareli, Turkey
b
Mugla University, Faculty of Science, Chem. Dept., 4812, Mugla, Turkey
c
Kent State University, Liquid Crystal Institute, 44242, Kent, Ohio, United States
ozgulhakli@yahoo.com, ozgulbirel@mu.edu.tr
Perylene diimide molecules with a large π-conjugated system are a well-known class of aromatic materials
which have been widely utilized for field-effect transistors, electron luminescent displays, and photovoltaic devices [1].
We reported the synthesis and characterization of organosoluble perylene containing –SH which has capacity
to form gold nanorod. Its chemical structure was identified by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, and MS.
Figure 1. Synthesis of perylene thiol (PDI-SH): (a) L-Alanine, imidazole, 120 °C, then add H2O and HCl precipitate;
(b) NaHCO3, Aliquat 336, DMF, then BrC10H20Br plus C8H17Br, room temperature; (c) CH3COSK, DMF-CHCl3,
room temperature; (d) tetrabutylammonium cyanide, MeOH−CHCl3, 40 °C.
References
[1] (a) Schmidt-Mende, L.; Fechtenkotter, A.; Müllen, K.; Moons, E.; Friend, R. H.; MacKenzie, J. D. Science 293
(2001) 1119−1122. (b) Hains, A. W.; Liang, Z. Q.; Woodhouse, M. A.; Gregg, B. A. Chem. Rev. 110 (2010)
6689−6735. (c) Tang, M. L.; Oh, J. H.; Reichardt, A. D.; Bao, Z. N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 (2009) 3733−3740. (d)
Chen, Z.; Lohr, A.; Saha-Moeller, C. R.; Würthner, F. Chem. Soc. Rev. 38 (2009) 564−584.
71
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BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-37
Optoelectronic devices based on pristine H-bonded organic semiconductors:
A comparative study of Quinacridone versus Pentacene
Halime Coskuna, Eric D.Glowackia, Matthew Whitea, Niyazi Serdar Sariciftcia
a
Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University of Linz,
A-4040 Linz, Austria
Pentacene is a well-known organic semiconductor known to show ambipolar transport in organic field effect transistors
(OFETs) [1]. In this study we compared the charge carrier mobility of pentacene to its 5-ring hydrogen-bonded analog,
Quinacridone, which is a low-cost commercial paint and cosmetic pigment. Two techniques are used to determine the
charge carrier mobility: charge carrier extraction by linearly increasing voltage (CELIV), and organic field effect
transistor (OFETs) measurements. The motivation for comparing the two device geometries and mobility measurement
techniques is to investigate the anisotropy of charge transport in the hydrogen bonded semiconductor, as well as the
possible role of charge traps. Photogeneration of carriers in pentacene and quinacridone is evaluated by measuring
photogeneration in single-layer metal-insulator-metal (MIM) diodes [1], by measuring OFET characteristics under
irradiation (photoOFET), and through quantitative carrier concentration calculations in photo-CELIV. Pentacene was
found to have overall higher mobilities in both diode and transistor configuration compared with quinacridone, however
quinacridone was found to provide more efficient photogeneration. Quinacridone MIM diodes demonstrate ~100× more
efficient photogeneration than pentacene devices, photoOFET response was similar for each material, On/Off ratio
declines by a factor of 100 and threshold voltage shifts to lower values. Quinacridone shows considerable promise as a
stable organic semiconductor with substantial photoactivity and good performance in transistors, however problems
remain with obtaining high mobilities in diode geometry.
References
[1] E. D. G owacki, L. Leonat, M. Irimia-Vladu, R. Schwödiauer, M. Ullah, H. Sitter, S. Bauer, and N. SerdarSariciftci,
Appl. Phys. Lett., 2012, 101, 023305.
72
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May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-38
Fabrication of Paper Based Lateral Flow Test Strip by Using Inkjet Printing Techniques
Soheil Malekghasemia, Enver Kahvecia, Uğur Aydına, Memed Dumana
a
Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine Division, Institute of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
memi@hacettepe.edu.tr
In vitro diagnostic test strips based on the principles of immunochromatography exists for a wide array of target
analytes. Today, there are many commercially available tests for monitoring ovulation, detecting infectious disease
organisms, analyzing drugs of abuse, and measuring other analytes that are important to human physiology [1].
Typically, these tests are used for medical diagnostics either for home testing, point of care testing, or laboratory use.
Paper-based microfluidics devices have recently gained strong attention for multianalyte sensing assays. The simplicity,
inexpensiveness, portability and disposability are the main advantages of these devices.
The fabrication of the paper test platform is based on the pattering hydrophilic channels and hydrophobic barriers onto
paper. There are many approaches to fabricate paper-based microfluidics devices, such as, cutting, plasma etching,
inkjet etching, photolithography and wax printing [2]. However, there are few drawbacks of these techniques. Most of
the techniques consist of multiple fabrication steps which cause long fabrication time. In this study, we demonstrate an
alternative more rapid fabrication method for developing paper-based microfluidics device. The key aspect of this new
test strip design is particularly about the materials used and their integration with reagents and manufacturing processes.
The pattering of hydrophobic barriers on untreated filter paper (Whatman No:4) was achieved by three different
methods (heating at 80°C, plasma treatment at 100W and microwave at 0.65kW) . The mixture of hexamethyldisilazane
(HMDS) and 1M Hydrochloric acid (HCl) solutions were used as hydrophobization agent. The injet printing technique
was used to generate hydrophilic channels on hydrophobic paper. Followed by hydrophobization of filter paper with
HMDS and 1 M HCl solution, normally hydrophilic paper has been easily turned into hydrophobic, which exhibits a
static water contact angle of 126° for the heating method and 140.2° for plasma treatment and 124.3° for microwave
treatment. The characterization of hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions on the filter paper was also determined by using
XPS and ESEM. While hydrophobic regions show high amount of Si groups on hydrophobic regions, we did not found
any Si moieties on hydrophilic regions.
By combining inkjet printing and microwave technique, well-defined hydrophilic-hydrophobic patterns were developed
on the filter paper. It is clear that this method reduced both process steps and the fabrication time. Moreover, instead of
using complicated and expensive plasma treatment, kitchen type microwave machine and inkjet printer can be used to
create microfluidics channels on test strip.
References:
[1] S. Haeberle,R. Zengerle, Lab Chip 7 (2007) 1094-1110.
[2] L.G. Macia, A. Morrin, R.S. Smyth, A.J. Killard, Analyst 135 (2010) 845-867.
73
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P-39
Novel Hole Transport Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells
Aysenur Erdogana, Emre Arkanb, Mustafa Canc, Ahmet Nuri Ozcivand*, Mahmut Kusa*
a
Selçuk University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Technology Research and Application Center,
42075, Konya, Turkey
b
Izmir Katip Celebi University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and
Architecture, , Cigli, 35620 Izmir, Turkey
c
Izmir Katip Celebi University, Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, , Cigli, 35620 Izmir,
Turkey
d
Ege University, Electrical & Electronics Engineering Department, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
Molecular structures of hole transport materials usually contain electron-donating moieties, such as triarylamine,
diphenylamine, carbazole etc. Hole transport materials have many application areas such as organic light-emitting diode
OLED, organic solar cell (OSC), solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell and perovskite solar cells because of their physical,
photochemical and electrochemical properties [1-3].
In this study, varius hole transport materials were synthesized for perovskite solar cell applications. All compounds
were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. Thermal stability tests (TGA), electrochemical and
photochemical characterizations were also given good results for solar cell applications. Structures of some synthesized
are given below.
N
N
N
N
References:
[1] Youtian Tao, Chuluo Yang* and Jingui Qin “Organic host materials for phosphorescent organic light-emitting
diodes” Chem. Soc. Rev., 2011,40, 2943–2970.
[2] Dongqin Bi, Lei Yang, Gerrit Boschloo, Anders Hagfeldt, and Erik M. J. Johansson, “Effect of Different Hole
Transport Materials on Recombination in CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite-Sensitized Mesoscopic Solar Cells” J. Phys. Chem.
Lett. 2013, 4, 1532−1536.
[3]Tomas Leijtens, I-Kang Ding, Tommaso Giovenzana, Jason T. Bloking, Michael D. McGehee, and Alan Sellinger,
“Hole Transport Materials with Low Glass Transition Temperatures and High Solubility for Application in Solid-State
Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells” ACS NANO, 2012, 6, 2, 1455–1462.
74
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
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May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-40
Implantable In-Situ Calibrated Dissolved Oxygen Micro Sensor with Mambrane Coating for
Improved Long Term Stability in Smart Electronic Therapy Support Systems
Yazay Eminağaa, Nada Mzougia, Joachim Wiestb, Martin Brischweina, Helmut Grothea and Bernhard Wolfa
a
Technische Universität München, Heinz Nixdorf-Lehrstuhl für Medizinische Elektronik, Munich, Germany
b
cellasys GmbH - R&D, Munich, Germany
eminaga@tum.de
In “cell-on-a-chip” systems and in active implants the monitoring of dissolved oxygen for several days, weeks or even
months is an important, but yet unsolved task. While Clark-type sensors are widely used for analytical purposes, the
transfer of this technology to likewise robust analytical microsystems is not straightforward [1]. These sensors suffer
from baseline drift, disqualifying them for long-term monitoring where recalibration is not possible.
A defined amount of locally dissolved is periodically generated by water electrolysis. This additionally generated
amount of oxygen is used to obtain a cyclical calibration in order to correct the detection signal during long-term
dissolved oxygen measurements by the neighboring sensor (see the Figure). For improving the stability of catalytic
electrode performance, various types of semipermeable membranes have also been investigated. The long-term
objective is an active implant with a miniaturized smart electronic systems in a biocompatible housing for closed-loop
measurement and drug delivery within the body.
Figure . Normalized oxygen detection current is calibrated after each cycle of oxygen generation.
References
[1] B. Wolf, M. Kraus, M. Brischwein, et.al. Biofunctional hybrid structures - cell-silicon hybrids for applications in
biomedicine and bioinformatics. Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics, 46(1998) pp215-255
75
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BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-41
Inkjet Printed Conductive Tracks and Insulating Polymers for Biosensors
Nada Mzoughia, Yazay Eminağaa, Bernd Neumanna, Helmut Grothea and Bernhard Wolfa
a
Technische Universität München, Heinz Nixdorf-Lehrstuhl für Medizinische Elektronik, Munich, Germany
nada.mzoughi@mytum.de
One of the biggest challenges in fabrication of flexible and printed electronic devices is to obtain good conductivity at
relatively low temperatures without damaging the heat sensitive plastic substrates. Instead of prolonged heating at high
temperatures, we tested and compared alternative sintering methods such as chemical sintering and plasma sintering in
order to get both good conductivity and fair mechanical stability. We achieved silver tracks with a resistivity of ~ 5 µΩ
cm ( cured with argon plasma on PET/PEN) or ~ 3 µΩ cm ( cured at 300°C on PI) and a good stability for several
weeks in aqueous media.
The electrodes and sensors that are in contact with the cell layer have to be biocompatible. That is why we used a
biocompatible CNT/CNP based ink to print the IDES (Interdigitated Electrode Structures) electrodes. The downside of
the carbon-based inks is the low conductivity. We saw an improvement in the conductivity by increasing the number of
the printed layers and an acidic treatment of the carbon based track to remove the surfactant.
The highly conductive silver tracks that lead to the IDES electrodes need to be isolated with a biocompatible polymer.
We could successfully print a biocompatible Polymer from Altana and achieved a reproducible avalanche voltage of
4V.
76
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-42
The Enhancement of p-type Mobility by Doping Fe3O4 Nanoparticles in
Organic Field Effect Transistors
Nurhan Mehmet Varal a,b*, Mahmut Kus a,c*, Faruk Özela,c
a
Advanced Technology Research and Application Center, bDepartment of Physics , cDepartment of Chemical
Engineering, Selcuk University, 42075, Konya, Turkey
Nanocomposite polymer/nanocrystal based organic electronic devices are of growing interest particularly for their
solution based application process and efficiencies, especially light-emitting diodes and field effect transistors1,2,3.
Despite these advantages, nanocomposite material applications for OFETs remain rare. In this work, highly soluble
Fe3O4 colloidal nanoparticles doped into poly [2-methoxy,5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV)
polymer matrix in a clorobenzene solution for the application of OFET devices as a p-type semiconductor layer. Al2O3
by an anodic oxidation and thin Polyvinyl triazole (PVT) by spin coating used as an insulator layer. The results showed
that doping Fe3O4 nanoparticles enhanced p-type mobility up to four orders of magnitude higher than the polymer
MEH-PPV device.
1,4E-3
Vgs=-19V
Hole Mobility (cm2 / Vs)
1,2E-3
1,0E-3
8,0E-4
6,0E-4
4,0E-4
2,0E-4
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
4,0
4,5
wt %
Figure 1: Correlation between the mobility and the doping concentration of Fe 3O4
References
[1] Zong-Xiang Xu, V. A. L. Roy, Peter Stallinga, Michele Muccini, Stefano Toffanin, Hei-Feng Xiang, Chi-Ming Che,
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 90, 223509 (2007).
[2] C. Sanchez, B. Julian, P. Belleville, and M. Popall, J. Mater. Chem. 15, 3559 (2005)
[3] C. Melzer, E. J. Koop, V. D. Mihailetchi, and P. W. M. Blom, Adv. Funct. Mater. 14, 865 (2004).
77
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
BIO- AND ORGANIC PRINTED ELECTRONICS
May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-43
Crystalline Nanaofiber for Flexible Electronics
Faruk Ozela,b*, Adem Yarb,c, Abdalaziz Aljaboura,b, Mahmut Kusa,b*
a
Department of Chemical Engineering, bAdvanced Technology Research and Application Center, cDepartment of
Mechanical Engineering and dDepartment of Chemistry, Selcuk University, 42075, Konya, Turkey
Kesterite (Cu2ZnSn(SeS)4) structured semiconductors is an important materials due to indium free and consist of earth
abundant elements, and so they can significantly decrease the cost of device [1-4]. Actually, considered as an
alternative material for the currently absorber layer is solar cells like Si and Cu(In 1-xGax)S2 [5].
We present the electrospinning of Cu2ZnSn(SeS)4 (CZTSeS) nanofibers with a diameter around 250 nm.
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) which leads decreasing of defects on crystal fibers after removing the polymer matrix was used
as templating polymer. Sulphurization and/or selenization processes were carried out seperately or simultaneously
depending upon the demanded chemical structure.
Figure a-b: SEM micrographs CZT-PAN composite nanofibers (left side) with the CZTS nanofibers (right side)
References:
[1] S.S.Mali, P.S. Shinde, C.A. Betty, P.N. Bhosale, Y.W. Oh, P.S. Patil, J. Phys. Chem. Solids.2012, 73, 735.
[2] Q. Guo, S.J. Kim, M. Kar, W.N.Shafarman, R.W. Birkmire, E.A. Stach, R. Agrawal,H.W. Hillhouse, Nano
Lett.2008, 8, 2982.
[3]T. K. Todorov, K. B. Reuter, D. B. Mitzi, Adv. Mater. 2010,22, E156.
[4] J-J Wang, J-S Hu, Y-G Guo, L-Ju Wan, NPG asia materials, 2012,4, e2.
[5] S. E. Habas, H. A. S. Platt, M. F. A. M. van Hest, D. S. Ginley, Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 6571.
78
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FLEXIBLE
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May 1-3, 2014 Konya/TURKEY
P-44
Modification of ITO Surface with Organosilyl/-Germyl Polyoxotungstate Hybrids for
Thin Film Devices
Yasemin Topala , Funda Demirhanb, Sumeyra Buyukçelebia, Mahmut Kusa, Mustafa Ersöza
a
b
Selcuk University, Advanced Technology Research and Application Center-Konya(Turkey)
Celal Bayar University Faculty of Sciences and Liberal Arts Department of Chemistry,Muradiye-Manisa(Turkey)
Organosilyl/-germyl polyoxotungstate are also promising components for the design of advanced functional materials
and devices[1-2].. The perspective is the realization of multilevel molecular memories such as semiconducting
nanowire field effect transistors and hybrid molecular-silicon capacitors by using POMs as redox-active components.[3]
The enhanced electron transfer/extraction at the PW12-POM interface as a result of the favorable interfacial energy
level alignment and possible enhancement of the local electric field due to the nanoscale morphology of the PW12POM layer lead an improvement of device performnce. PW12- POM has highly desirable properties as a cathode
interlayer in organic photovoltaic cells.
We demonstrate that the potential of new organosilyl/-germyl Keggin-type polyoxotungstates [(NBu4)3
[PW9O34(tBuSiO)3Ge(CH2)2CO2H] have been synthesized for covalent grafting onto different surfaces the as novel and
stable cathode interfacial layers for efficient electron injection/transport in high performance HyLEDs. [PW9O34
(tBuSiO)3Ge(CH2)2CO2H]3- have been prepared as tetrabutylammonium salts and used as surface modification agent on
ITO. The modified surface was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Kelvin probe force microscopy
(KPFM). POM was used to measure the surface potential and work function between the tip and the ITO surface
modified by different technique.
References
[1] A. Proust, R. Thouvenot, P. Gouzerh, Chem. Commun. 2008, 1837 – 1852.
[2] a) D.-L. Long, L. Cronin, Chem. Eur. J. 2006, 12, 3698 –3706; b) D.- L. Long, E. Burkholder, L. Cronin, Chem.
Soc. Rev. 2007, 36, 105 – 121.
[3] Q. Li, S. Surthi, G. Mathur, S. Gowda, Q. Zhao, T. A. Sorenson, R. C. Tenent, K. Muthukumaran, J. S. Lindsey, V.
Misra, Appl. Phys. Lett. 2004, 85, 1829 –1831.
79
May 1-3, 2014 - Konya/TURKEY
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
ID
PRESENTER
TITLE
OP-01
Ali SERPENGÜZEL
Silicon Photonics with Silicon Spheres
OP-02
Ali CANLIER
Haze Reduction in Transparent Silver Films by Gold Coating
OP-03
Anna-Lena RIEGEL
Water Absorption in Polymer Protein Mixtures for Biosensor Applications
OP-04
Deniz AYKUT
Improvement of Electrical Performance of Organic Solar Cells by P3HT:PCBM
Nanowires
OP-05
Gökhan DEMİREL
Nanostructured Polymer Thin Films Based on Oblique Angle Polymerization
OP-06
Görkem MEMİŞOĞLU
An Ultraviolet Photodetector with an Active Layer Composed of Solution
Processed Polyfluorene:Zn0.71Cd0.29S Hybrid Nanomaterials
OP-07
Hakan USTA
Materials Development for High-Performance Organic Optoelectronic
Applications
OP-08
Muhamad Mat SALLEH
Dye Sensitizing Effect of Water-Soluble Polythiophene Inkjet Printed Film in
Dssc Solar Cells Utilizing ZnO Nanorods
OP-09
Sebastian RAUPP
Slot Die Coating And Drying of Small Molecule Oleds and Organic Electronics
OP-10
Sıddık İÇLİ
A Dinuclear Ruthenium Dye for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
OP-11
Yazay EMİNAĞA
CV-FET: An Isfet Based Microsensor for Thedetection of Dissolved Substances
In Biological Media
OP-12
Emre YENGEL
A Hybrid Solar Cell Based on Silicon Nanowires Encapsulated With Organic
Thin Film PCBM
OP-13
Gamze KARANFİL
Development of a Highly Sensitive Mip Based-QCM Nanosensor for Selective
Determination of Cholic Acid Level in Body Fluids
OP-14
Shirin SIYAHJANI
Thickness Dependence Study of Polymer Light Emitting Diode (PLED) in a
ITO/PEDOT:PSS/TPD:Ir(mppy)3:PBD:PVK/LiF:Al Device Geometry
OP-15
Imran KHAN
Elastic Light Scattering from a Silica Microsphere in Air
OP-16
Mustafa KARAMAN
Synthesis Of Single and Few Layered Graphene Using Low-Pressure Chemical
Vapor Deposition
OP-17
Nada MZOUGHI
Inkjet Printed Biochips for Cell-Chip Applications
May 1-3, 2014 - Konya/TURKEY
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
ID
PRESENTER AND ABSTRACT TITLE
P-01
Arif KIVRAK, Selçuk GÜMÜŞ, Mahmut KUŞ
“Synthesis of Novel Anthracene Derivatives and Their Theoretical Approach”
P-02
Ciğdem SAHIN, Canan VARLIKLI
“The Synthesis and Characterization of Phosphorescent Iridium Complex with Branched Alkyl Chains”
P-03
Cigdem SAHIN, Aysen GOREN
“Thermal Studies of a New Cyclometalated Iridium Complex”
P-04
Cihat ÖZAYDIN, Kemal AKKILIÇ
“Electrical and Photoelectrical Properties of Au/n-Si Schottky Diode with Organic Thin Film Interlayer”
P-05
Deniz DEMIRCAN BOZDOGAN, Zakir M.O. RZAYEV
“Water-Soluble Silver Nanocomposite with Poly(MA-alt-1-HX)-g-PEO Polymer Filled with ODA-MMT”
P-06
Derya BARAN, Ning LI, Nicola GASPARINI, Andres OSVET, Tayebeh AMERi, Christoph J. BRABEC
“An Elegant, Contactless Method for Efficiency Potential Prediction of Organic Solar Cells”
P-07
Dilek YÜKSEL
“Au Doped ZnO and Polymer/SiO2 Based Light-Emitting Diodes”
P-08
Emre SEFER, Ceylan DOYRANLI, Fatma BAYCAN KOYUNCU, Eyup OZDEMİR, Sermet KOYUNCU
“Direct Photo-Patterning of Pyrene Based Materials via Thiol-Ene Click Chemistry”
P-09
Erdi AKMAN, Emre ÜNVER, Savaş SÖNMEZOĞLU
“Synthesis and Characterization of CuAlxGa1−xSe2 (CAGS) Thin Films by Sol-Gel Method”
P-10
Emre SEFER, Fatma BAYCAN KOYUNCU
“New Naptahalene-Diimide Based Low Band Gap Polymers for Electrochromic Materials”
P-11
Fatma ÖZÜTOK
“Modelling of Thermoluminescence (TL) Properties of B- Doped Graphene”
P-12
Gorkem MEMISOGLU, Canan VARLIKLI
“PFE:ZnO Based Solution Processed Hybrid UltraViolet PhotoDetector”
P-13
Ikram ORAK, Abdulmecit TURUT
“Capacitance-Voltage-Frequency Measurements of Al/AZURE C/p-type Si Heterojunction”
P-14
Mahir GÜLEN, Seçkin AKIN, Yakup ULUSU, İsa GÖKÇE, Savaş SÖNMEZOĞLU, Jeremy H. LAKEY
“Bio-Sensitized Solar Cell based on Green Fluorescent Protein as Sensitizer”
P-15
Mehmet ÖZDEMİR, Ali CANLIER, Hakan USTA , Ünal ŞEN, Murat ÇITIR
“Metal Nanowire Transparent Electrode with Reduction in Haze for Display Applications”
P-16
Melek KIRISTI, Ferhat BOZDUMAN, Erdogan TEKE, Lutfi OKSUZ, Aysegul Uygun OKSUZ
“RF-H2O plasma treated ITO Thin Films for OLED Applications”
P-17
Meryem SEZGİN, Sermet KOYUNCU, Eyup OZDEMİR, Fatma BAYCAN KOYUNCU
“Mild Condition Crosslinking of Fluorene-Benzimidazole Polymers”
P-18
Yavuz ASCI, Koray KARA, Melike KARAKAYA, Mustafa CAN, Mahmut KUS, Ömer MERMER
“Modification of ITO Surface Using Anorganic Self Assembly Small Molecules on the Performance of for OLEDs Applications”
P-19
Koray KARA, Mesude Zeliha YIGIT, Hakan BILGILI, Mahmut KUS, Mustafa CAN
“Optimizing The Organic Solar Cell Efficiency Using Novel Small Molecule as Dopant”
P-20
Nihat TUGLUOGLU, Ö.Faruk YUKSEl, Serdar KARADENIZ, Mahmut KUS, Haluk ŞAFAK, Behzad BARIS
“Determination of The Interface State Density Distribution of Au/PDI/n-Si Schottky Diodes Using C-V-f and G-V-f Techniques”
P-21
Ö.Faruk YUKSEL, Serdar KARADENIZ, Nihat TUGLUOGLU, Mahmut KUS, Haluk ŞAFAK, Behzad BARIS
“Dielectric spectroscopy studies in AU/PMI/p-Si Schottky Diodes”
P-22
P-23
P-24
P-25
P-26
P-27
P-28
P-29
P-30
P-31
P-32
P-33
P-34
P-35
P-36
P-37
P-38
P-39
P-40
P-41
P-42
P-43
P-44
Mustafa CAN, Ali Kemal HAVARE, Kadir DEMIRAK, Salih OKUR, Siddik ICLI, Mahmut KUS, Serafettin DEMIC
“Optimization of Organic Light-Emitting Diode Performance Using Novel Small Molecules“
Deniz AYKUT, Meryem SEZGİN, Emre SEFER, Ceylan ZAFER, Sermet KOYUNCU
“Morphology İmprovement by Side-Chain Length Contol in Organic Solar Cells Based on Benzodithiophene Low Band Gap
Polymers with Carbazole Subunit“
Serpil TEKOGLU, Dominik DAUME, Christoph LEONHARD, Edgar KLUGE, Edgar DÖRSAM, Uli LEMMER, Norman MECHAU,
Gerardo HERNANDEZ-SOSA
“Ink Formulation for Gravure Printed Organic Light-Emitting Devices”
Süreyya Aydin Yüksel, Fatih Ongül, Sinem Bozar, Gülbeden Cakmak, Aren Yazmacıyan, Esma Yenel, Mehmet Kazici, Hasan
Yüksel Güney, Daniel Ayuk Mbi Egbe, Serap Günes
“AnE-PVab:PCBM Based Organic Solar Cell with TiO2 Films Used as Electron Selective Layer in Inverted Configuration”
Tugba TUGSUZ ARIFIOGLU
“Efficient Sensitization of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells by Nanoparticles”
F.ÜLKÜER, B.GÜLVEREN
“Electrical Characterization of Al/PDI/ITO Schottky Diode”
Gizem SAKA, Sule ERTEN-ELA
“Preparation and Characterization of Diluted Magnetic Nanoparticles and Their Application in DSSC”
Hızır SARICA, Gulsah TURKMEN, Sule ERTEN-ELA
“The Performance Studies on Swallow-Tailed Naphthalene Diimide Derivatives in Solution Processed Inverted Bulk
Heterojunction Solar Cells”
George SPYROPOULOS, César OMAR, Peter KUBIS, Ning LI, Luca LUCERA, Tayebeh AMERI, Monika M. VOIGT ,Christoph J.
BRABEC
“Towards High Efficient Flexible Organic Tandem Solar Modules”
Muhammad Rehan CHAUDHRY, Muhammad ZAKWAN, Ali SERPENGUZEL
“Elastic Light Scattering From a Ruby Microsphere in a Nematic Liquid Crystal”
Hakan BİLGİLİ, Deniz AYKUT, Sermet KOYUNCU, Şerafettin DEMIC, Ceylan ZAFER
“Benzothiadiazole and Benzoselenadiazole Based p-Type Semiconducting Polymers for Organic Solar Cells”
Farhan AZEEM, Muhammad Sohail ANWAR, Ali SERPENGUZEL
“Elastic Light Scattering from a Sapphire Microsphere in Air”
S. Gokhan ÇOLAK, F. Aslihan SENZEYBEK, Ersan HARPUTLU, Saadet YILDIRIMCAN, Abdulcelil YUZER, Mine INCE, Kasim
OCAKOGLU
“Novel Unsymmetrical Zn-Phthalocyanines; Synthesis, Characterization and Surface Organization for Optoelectronic
Applications”
Zeynep KİŞNİŞCİ, Faruk ÖZEL
“Optical Properties of CZTS nanocrystalline Semiconductor Thin Film”
Özgül BİREL, Chenming XUE, Quan LI
“Synthesis of Perylene Diimide Containing –SH Group”
Halime ÇOŞKUN, Eric D. GLOWACKI, Matthew WHITE, N. Serdar SARICIFTCI
“Optoelectronic Devices Based on Pristine H-Bonded Organic Semiconductor: A Comparative Study of Quinacridone Versus
Pentacene”
Soheil MALEKGHASEMI, Enver KAHVECİ, Uğur AYDIN, Memed DUMAN
“Fabrication of Paper Based Lateral Flow Test Strip by Using Inkjet Printing Techniques”
Ayşenur ERDOĞAN, Emre ARKAN, Mustafa CAN, Ahmet Nuri ÖZCİVAN, Mahmut KUŞ
"Novel Hole Transport Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells”
Yazay EMİNAĞA, Nada MZOUGI, Joachim WIEST, Martin BRINCHWEIN, Helmut GROTHE and Bernhard WOLF
“Implantable In-Situ Calibrated Dissolved Oxygen Micro Sensor with Mambrane Coating for Improved Long Term Stability in
Smart Electronic Therapy Support Systems”
Nada MZOUG, Yazay EMİNAĞA, Bernd NEUMANN, Helmut GROTHE and Bernhard WOLF
“Inkjet Printed Conductive Tracks and Insulating Polymers for Biosensors”
Nurhan Mehmet VARAL, Mahmut KUS , Faruk ÖZEL
“The Enhancement of p-type Mobility by Doping Fe3O4 Nanoparticles in Organic Field Effect Transistors”
Faruk OZEL, Adem YAR, Abdalaziz ALJABOUR, Mahmut KUS
“Crystalline Nanaofiber for Flexible Electronics”
Yasemin TOPAL, Funda DEMIRHAN, Sumeyra BUYUKCELEBI, Mahmut KUS, Mustafa ERSOZ
“Modification of ITO Surface with Organosilyl/-Germyl Polyoxotungstate Hybrids for Thin Film Devices”
May 1-3, 2214/Konya/TURKEY
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
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58
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60
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62
63
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Abdalaziz S.A. Aljabour
Abdulcelil Yüzer
Abdullah Bayram
Abdülmecit Türüt
Adem Yar
Ahmet Emre Kavruk
Ahmet Nuri Özcivan
Alberto Fattori
Ali Canlıer
Ali Koray Erdinç
Ali Serpengüzel
Anna-Lena Riegel
Aren Yazmacıyan
Arif Kıvrak
Aslı Aydeniz
Ayşenur Erdoğan
Bahar Kolluyaş
Baybars Oral
Berna Gülveren
Bilge Yüksel
Burak Gültekin
Burcu Saç
Buse Özgen
Büşra Minareci
Cahide Dörtoğul
Canan Varlıklı
Caner Karakaya
Cebrail Özbek
Cem Tozlu
Cenk Aktaş
Cesar Omar Ramirez Quiroz
Ceylan Doyranlı
Ceylan Zafer
Cihan Özsoy
Cihat Özaydın
Çağla Vural
Çiğdem Şahin
Çisem Kırbıyık
Deniz Aykut
Deniz Demircan Bozdoğan
Derya Baran
Dilek Yüksel
Duygu Akın
Ece Erten
Elif Arıcı
Elif Aybike Güdenoğlu
Elif Ayten Açıkalın
Elif Bakış
Elif Ergin
Elif Köse
Elif Yılmaz
Emine Sevgili
Emre Arkan
Emre Aslan
Emre Çıtak
Emre Sefer
Emre Yengel
Engin Başaran
Erdi Akman
Ergenç Gökay
Ersan Harputlu
Esma Yenel
Esra Korkmaz
Eşe Akpınar
Eyüp Demir
Eyyüp Yalçın
Fadimana Ülküer
Farhan Azeem
Faruk Özel
Fatıma Korkmaz
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75
76
77
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80
81
82
83
84
85
86
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120
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125
126
127
128
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132
133
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135
136
137
138
139
140
Fatih Mehmet Coşkun
Fatih Ongül
Fatma Aslıhan Şenzeybek
Fatma Baycan Koyuncu
Fatma Özütok
Fatma Tangal
Fatma Ustaoğlu
Fatmanur Aykül
Gamze Dölek
Gamze Karanfil
George D. Spyropoulos
Gizem Saka
Goran Stojanovic
Gökhan Demirel
Görkem Memişoğlu
Gül Yılmaz
Güliz Önder
Güran Eskişar
Gürhan Tahtalı
Hakan Bilgili
Hakan Karaağaç
Hakan Usta
Halil İbrahim Temiz
Halime Coşkun
Handan Uzun
Hande Nalvuran
Hande Yöndemli
Harun Örün
Haziret Durmuş
Helin Selçuk
Hızır Sarıca
Hüseyin Ecevit
Ikram Orak
İlkay Hilal Gübbük
İmran Khan
İmren Hatay Patır
İsmail Göksoy
İsrafil Şabikoğlu
Kadir Demirak
Kadriye Topbaş
Kasim Ocakoğlu
Koen Vandewal
Koray Kara
Mahir Gülen
Mahmut Kuş
Mamatimin Abbas
Mehmet Biber
Mehmet Fatih Akdaş
Mehmet Gürsoy
Mehmet Kazıcı
Mehmet Kerem Gönce
Mehmet Nurhan Varal
Mehmet Okan Erdal
Mehmet Özdemir
Melek Kırıştı
Melike Karakaya
Memed Duman
Merve Acarlıoğlu
Merve Kızılay
Meryem Sezgin
Mesude Zeliha Yiğit
Michael Morris
Mine Ince
Mine Sulak
Muhamad Mat Salleh
Muhammad Hamza Humayun
Muhammad Rehan Chaudhry
Muhammad Sohail Anwar
Muhammad Zakwan
Muhammet Sarıbel
141
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199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
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210
Murat Çıtır
Murat Kaleli
Murat Şahin
Murat Yıldırım
Mustafa Akkaya
Mustafa Can
Mustafa Coşkun
Mustafa Ersöz
Mustafa Karaman
Mürsel Ekrem
Nada Mzoughi
Nalan Ünal
Necati Vardar
Nicola Gasparini
Nihat Tuğluoğlu
Niyazi Serdar Sarıçiftçi
Norman Mechau
Okan Demir
Onur Özbayraktar
Ömer Akar
Ömer Faruk Yüksel
Ömer Mermer
Özge Çınar
Özgül Birel
Özlem Usluer
Rabia Yılmaz
Raupp, Sebastian Marius
Saadet Yıldırımcan
Salim Egemen Karabulut
Sefa Kuşaklı
Sema Kanık
Serafettin Demic
Serap Güneş
Serdar Karadeniz
Sermet Koyuncu
Serpil Tekoğlu
Seyhan Terkanlıoğlu
Sezin Çınar
Shirin Syahjani
Sıddık İçli
Sinem Bozar
Soheil Malekghasemi
Suat Karaoğlu
Susanna Lucchi
Süleyman Gökhan Çolak
Sümeyra Büyükçelebi
Süreyya Aydın Yüksel
Şahin Coşkun
Şerife Çetin
Şule Erten
Thomas Gölz
Tugba Tugsuz Arifoglu
Tuğba Akboyun
Tuğba Aksuyek
Tuğba Durmuş
Tuğba Ebru Uzal
Tuğbahan Yılmaz Alıç
Tuğçe Barut
Tuğçe Yıldız
Ulrich Lemmer
Ünal Şen
Yasemin Cemile Altınsu
Yasemin Öztekin
Yasemin Topal
Yazay Eminağa
Yusuf Yağcılar
Zeynep Kişnişci
Ziya Erdem Koç
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