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‫‪The creative‬‬
‫(المبدع)‬
‫‪In English‬‬
‫‪Level 3‬‬
‫لجميع الفروع األكاديمية‬
‫*شرح لقواعد الكتاب مع االسئلة واالجابات‬
‫*شرح لقطع الكتاب مع االسئلة واالجابات‬
‫*شرح لكيفية كتابة مواضيع التعبير المختلفة‬
‫إعداد األستاذ ‪:‬‬
‫محمود السيالوي‬
‫‪3875285870‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
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‫‪Basics‬‬
‫* بناء الجمله في اللغة االنجليزيه هو ‪:‬‬
‫)‪subject(s)+ verb(v)+ object(o‬‬
‫اوال‪ :‬الفاعل‪ :‬واما ان يكون ‪:‬‬
‫‪-1‬اسم (معدود‪/‬غير معدود)‬
‫مثال على األسماء غير المعدوده‪:‬‬
‫‪Water, milk, sugar, money‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ضمير (‪(He/she/I/they/you/we‬‬
‫ثانيا ‪:‬الفعل ‪:‬وهو اما ان يكون ‪:‬‬
‫‪- 1‬فعل مساعد كاالتي‪:‬‬
‫*األفعال المساعدة تقسم الى‪-:‬‬
‫‪1-Verb to be : is ,am, are/ was ,were/ been‬‬
‫‪2- verb to do : do, does / did/ Done‬‬
‫‪3-verb to have: has, have/ had/ had‬‬
‫‪- 2‬فعل رئيسي ‪ :‬وهو اما ان يكون‪:‬‬
‫‪- A‬منتظم ‪:‬‬
‫مثال على الفعل المنتظم ‪play/played/played :‬‬
‫‪-B‬غير منتظم ‪:‬‬
‫مثال على الفعل غير المنتظم‪write/wrote/ written :‬‬
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‫‪Tenses‬‬
‫(المضارع البسيط) ‪1- Simple present‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫الجمله المثبته ‪1.1. Affirmative :‬‬
‫‪ He‬‬
‫(‪+) s or es‬‬
‫‪+ V1‬‬
‫‪She‬‬
‫‪It‬‬
‫‪ I‬‬
‫‪+ V1‬‬
‫‪We‬‬
‫‪You‬‬
‫‪They‬‬
‫مالحظات‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اذا كان الفعل ينتهي باحد الحروف التاليه‪ ,‬فانه ينتهي بـ ‪es‬‬
‫‪Ch, sh, s, o, x, z‬‬
‫‪Passes, fixes, washes, goes‬‬
‫‪-2‬اذا كان الفعل ينتهي بـ ( ‪(y‬مسبوق بحرف علة (‪ )a, e, I, o, u.‬فقط نضيف ‪s‬‬
‫‪ -3‬اذا كان الفعل ينتهي بحرف ( ‪ (y‬مسبوق بحرف ساكن نقلب ‪ y‬الى ‪ I‬ونضيف ‪es‬‬
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1.2. Negation:
:‫ بعد الفاعل مباشرة كاالتي‬Don’t /doesn’t ‫في حالة النفي نستخدم‬
he
she
it
+ does + not + v1
Ex: he doesn’t read book every day (not/ read)
I
We
You + do
They
+ not
+v1
Ex: They don’t read a book every day
1.3: Interrogation:
‫ بداية الجمله وفي نهايتها عالمة استفهام‬Do, does ‫يتم تكوين السؤال من خالل وضع‬
I
Do
+
We
+ v1
+?
You
They
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He
Does
+
She
+ v1
+?
It
Ex :
-You speak English
-Do you speak English?
-It snows in Alaska
- Does it snow in Alaska?
:‫مالحظات‬
‫ يكون‬, ‫ في الفراغ الخاص بالسؤال في المضارع البسيط‬be ‫اذا جاء‬-1
is, am, are ‫ اما‬,‫حلها حسب الفاعل‬
‫ اذا كان الفاعل جمع‬have‫اذا كان الفاعل مفرد و‬has ‫ في في الفراغ نضع‬have ‫اذا جاء‬-2
Does, do ‫ وكذلك الحال بالنسبة لـ‬-3
Ex:
He …is…..a doctor (be)
I …am……doctor (be)
Uses:
1- To talk about habits
Ex:
She brushes her teeth daily
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2- Scientific facts
Ex:
Water boils at 100 c
Sun rises from east
3 - For time scheduling.
Ex:
The train leaves tonight at 8 pm
The party starts this afternoon
4- non continuous verbs:
Ex:
He needs help now
5- with these key words:
Often, seldom, rarely, sometimes,
occasionally, always, time + ly
usually,
 Correct the verbs between brackets:
1- She ………. (cook) rice everyday.
2- …………. (you) …………( cook) rice daily?
3- ..........You…….. (not cook) rice as a habit?
4- I …………… (not/ play)tennis everyday.
5- When…………the taxi usually ……….. ( leave)?
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2.Present continuous (‫)المضارع المستمر‬
2.1.affirmative:
He
 She
+ is
+ v1
+ing
it
We

You
+ are + v1 + ing
They
 I
+ am
+ v1 + ing
2.2Negation:
‫ بعد الفعل المساعد‬not ‫نقوم بوضع‬
Ex: The car isn’t moving now
2.3. Interrogation
‫نقوم بوضع الفعل المساعد قبل الفاعل‬
Ex:
The car is moving
Is the car moving?
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Uses:
‫للكالم عن حدث ما يحدث في نفس وقت الكالم‬-1
Ex:
The car is moving
Ali is screaming
:‫للكالم عن ترتيبات المستقبل‬-2
Ex:
I am talking to head master tomorrow
They are coming next Friday
‫لوصف شيء مؤقت‬-3
Ex:
Ali at university, he is studying history
:‫لألعمال التي تحدث بشكل متكرر في الوقت الحاضر‬-4
Ex:
It always raining in London
They are always arguing
:‫يستخدم مع الدالالت التاليه‬-5
At the moment, at the present, at this time, currently, now,
just now, right now, nowadays, today, tonight, listen, look,
be careful, be quiet, watch now, hurry up.




:‫مالحظات‬
‫ نقوم بتكرار الحرف األخير‬,‫*اذا انتهى الفعل بحرف ساكن مسبوق بحرف علة‬
ing ‫ونضيف‬
Swim- swimming
Run – running
Cut- cutting
Begin- beginning
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‫*اذا انتهى الفعل بحرف ‪ e‬الصامته وكان قبلها حرف ساكن‪ ,‬نحذف ‪ e‬ونضيف ‪ing‬‬
‫‪ Write- writing‬‬
‫‪ Make- making‬‬
‫‪ Live- living‬‬
‫*اذا انتهى الفعل بحرف ‪ y‬فقط نضيف ‪ing‬‬
‫‪ Study- studying‬‬
‫‪ Play- playing‬‬
‫‪ Cry- crying‬‬
‫*اذا انتهى الفعل بحرف ‪ i e‬نقلبها الى ‪ y‬ونضيف ‪ing‬‬
‫‪ Lie- lying‬‬
‫‪ Tie- tying‬‬
‫*األفعال التاليه ال يمكن ان تكون مستمرة‪ ,‬وانما تكون بسيطة‪:‬‬
‫‪-1‬افعال الحواس‪Feel, hear, see, smell, taste:‬‬
‫‪-2‬افعال العقل‪Understand, know, mean, remember :‬‬
‫‪-3‬افعال الشعور‪Dislike, hate, hope, like, love, prefer, want:‬‬
‫‪-4‬افعال القياس‪Contain, consist of, cost, weight:‬‬
‫‪-5‬افعال اخرى‪Look, seem, be, have:‬‬
‫مالحظه‪ :‬افعال الحواس تستخدم مع المستمر اذا اختلف معناها‪:‬‬
‫‪Has- have‬‬
‫يتناول‬
‫‪See‬‬
‫يخطط للقاء‬
‫يشعر بأنه أفضل ‪Feel‬‬
‫*افعال ال تستخدم مع المستمر ( ال يمكن ان تكون مستمر)‪:‬‬
‫‪Cut, die, finish, start, begin, break, find‬‬
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 Correct the verbs between bracket:
We ………….. (have) a party on Saturday.
I ……………. (study) for my exam.
Look! The sun…………… (rise).
What……..you ……….. (do) right now?
I …………. (not go ) to the theatre tonight.
3.Present perfect (‫) المضارع التام‬
3.1. affirmative:
He
She
+ has + v 3
It
I
We
+ have + v 3
You
They
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3.1.Negation:
(Not) Have ‫ او‬has ‫نضع بعد الفعل المساعد‬
Ex:
He hasn’t played football since 2010
3.3.Interrogation:
‫نقوم بوضع الفعل المساعد قبل الفاعل ونضع عالمة استفهام‬
Has Ali played football?
uses:
‫)للتحدث عن شيء حصل في الماضي واستمر للحاضر‬1
Ex:
I have had a cold for two weeks
She has been in England for six months
:‫)مناقشة تجربتنا في الوقت الحاضر‬2
Ex:
I have worked as a teacher for 13 years
My last birthday was the worst day I have ever had
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‫)للتحدث عن شيء حدث في الماضي وال زالت اثاره مستمرة‬3
Ex:
I have broken my leg
:‫)تستخدم مع الدالالت التاليه‬4
Already, just, recently, lately, never, ever, yet, so far, for, since,
at last, once, twice, Times.
Since- for: ‫استخدامات‬
‫ ساعة‬/ ‫ تاريخ‬/ ‫ عيد ميالد‬/ ‫ شهر‬/ ‫*عندما نريد أن نتكلم عن نقطة بداية مثل اسم يوم‬
since ‫نستخدم‬
‫ وتاتي بمعنى لمدة‬for ‫* عندما نتحدث عن فترات زمنية نستخدم‬
Since
‫مع السنوات‬
‫اسماء األيام‬
‫الساعات‬
‫اسماء األشهر‬
‫اسماء الفصول‬
For
‫عدد األيام‬
‫الدقائق‬
‫األسابيع‬
‫السنوات‬
‫األشهر‬
Ex:
*Since the morning, since the evening, Since Friday, Since
July, Since he was kid, Since 1999, Since I left school, Since he
arrived.
*For long time, for 3 hours, for 3 days, for 1 month , for
decades.
*Asma has been playing the piano since she was thirteen.
*Ali hasn’t seen his friend for two weeks.
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Complete the folowing with since / for:
1- They have been talking for the last hour.
2-James has been teaching at the university ………… June.
3-She has been working at the company ……… three years.
4-We have been waiting here ……….…… more than an hour
5-I have been studying ……………… two hours.
6- Have you been studying ……………… two hours?
 Correct the verbs between brackets:
1- Hanan ……….them about the accident yet.( not/ tell).
2- Ahmad………..already …………..me. ( phone)
3- Where …………you ……..mahmoud recently? (see).
4- I ………… stamps since I was child. (collect).
5- I …………in such a nice place before. ( not/ be).
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4.Present perfect continuous (‫)المضارع التام المستمر‬
4.1.affirmative
He
She
+ has + been + v + ing
It
I
We
+ have
+ been
+ v + ing
You
They
4.2.Negation:
Has/ have ‫ بعد الفعل المساعد‬not ‫يتم وضع‬
Ex:
I haven’t been studying all morning
4.3. Interrogation
‫نقوم باستبدال موقع الفاعل والفعل المساعد‬
Ex:
Have you been studying all morning?
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‫مالحظة‪:‬‬
‫في االمتحان الوزاري يأتي هذا الزمن وفي اخر الجمله )‪ )be/ verb‬ألن الحل بدون‬
‫‪ be‬يمكن ان يتشابه مع المضارع التام‪.‬‬
‫‪Uses‬‬
‫‪-1‬يستخدم عند الكالم عن حدث بدأ في الماضي ويستمر لفترة من الزمن حتى اآلن‪.‬‬
‫‪I have been reading book about history‬‬
‫‪-2‬للكالم عن حدث من المتوقع أن ال ينتهي أو يكتمل‪.‬‬
‫‪Nadia has been writing a letter all morning‬‬
‫‪-3‬للتحدث عن حدث تكرر عدة مرات من الماضي وحتى الحاضر‪.‬‬
‫‪She has been getting up at six for the last two weeks‬‬
‫‪-4‬حدث طويل انتهى وال تزال نتائجه ظاهره في الوقت الحاضر‪.‬‬
‫‪I have been painting the house that is why I have some paints‬‬
‫‪on my clothes‬‬
‫‪ -5‬مع الدالئل التاليه‪:‬‬
‫واغلب ازمنة ‪How long, since, for , all morning, for a long time,‬‬
‫المضارع التام‬
‫مالحظة‪:‬‬
‫اذا وجدنا احد األفعال التي التقبل ان تكون مستمرة بين األقواس فهنا يكون الحل وفقا للمضارع‬
‫التام‪.‬‬
‫)‪*I have known Rakan for three years now( know‬‬
‫)‪*They haven’t seen me for two months( see‬‬
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* correct the verbs beteen brackets:
1- Nour ………an essay all morning. (be, write).
2- Hatem looks tired. He……… his sience project allnight.
(be, do).
3- The detectives …………people all week. (be, interview).
4- The child has ………….all night. ( be, sleep).
5.Simple past (‫)الماضي البسيط‬
5.1.affirmative:
Sub + V2
Ex:
I visited my friend yesterday
5.2.Negation:
Sub + didn’t + V1
Ex:
They didn’t play tennis in the last match
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5.3.Interrogation:
Did+ sub + V1?
Ex:
Did you see Ali yesterday?
Uses:
‫ للكالم عن احداث حدثت في الماضي وانتهت‬-1
Ex:
Last year, I travelled to Japan
I watched a movie yesterday
‫ للكالم عن مجموعة من االحداث التي كانت تحدث وانتهت في الماضي‬-2
I finished work, walked to the beach, and found nice place to
swim yesterday.
‫للكالم عن االعادات التي كانت تحدث في الماضي‬-3
Ex:
He played the violin
I studied French when I was a child
:‫مع الدالئل التاليه‬-4
Last, in the past, ago, yesterday, in ….‫……تاريخ سابق‬
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:‫مالحظة‬
:Was/were ‫) نضع‬be( ‫*اذا كان الفعل بين االقواس‬
Ex:
……was….. he a teacher in 2002 ?(be)
….were…. they students in 2007? (be)
He…… was….. a pilot three years ago.
had ‫ بين األقواس يكون الجواب‬have ‫*اذا جاء الفعل‬
 Correct the verbs between brackets:
1- They……….. (collect) postcards yesterday.
2- He …………. (have) a computer in 1999.
3- You …………. (jump) high last night, didn’t you?
4- You ………. (be ) thirsty when I saw you last night.
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6.Past continuous (‫)الماضي المستمر‬
6.1. affirmative:
He
She
+ was
+ v1
+ ing
It
I
We
You
+ were
+ v1 + ing
They
6.2.Negation
‫ بعد الفعل المساعد‬not ‫نضع‬
Ex:
I wasn’t reading a book
6.3. Interrogation:
.‫نضع الفاعل بعد الفعل المساعد ( نعكس األماكن) ونضع عالمة استفهام اخر الجملة‬
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Ex:
He was playing football
Was he playing football?
Uses:
‫للكالم عن األحداث التي كانت مستمرة قبل أو بعد حدث آخر في الماضي‬-1
Ex:
When the phone rang, I was writing a letter
You were not listening to me, when I told you to turn the oven
off
‫للكالم عن وقت محدد تم فيه حدث مستمر‬-2
Ex:
-Last night at 6 pm, I was eating dinner
-Yesterday at this time, I was sitting at my desk at work
‫ للكالم عن األحداث التي تحدث بشكل متوازي في الزمن الماضي‬-3
Ex:
-I was studying while he was making dinner
-They were eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having
good time
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.‫ هنالك أفعال ال يجوز أن تكون مستمرة بل يجب أن تكون في الماضي البسيط‬:‫مالحظه‬
Ex:
-Jane was being at my house, when you arrived (false)
-Jane was at my house, when you arrived (true)
:‫ مع الدالئل التاليه‬-5
When +simple past, past continuous
While+ past continuous, simple past
Correct the verbs between brackets:
1- While I ………. (sleep), my mother came.
2- He………… ( not, study) , when her sister saw her.
3- When I arrived to school, my friends ………….( play).
7.Past perfect (‫)الماضي التام‬
7.1.Affirmative:
Sub + had+ v3
Ex:
Hassan had played football
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7.2.Negation:
had ‫ بعد الفعل المساعد‬not ‫* نضع‬
Ex:
Hassan hadn’t played football
7.3. Interrogation:
‫* نضع الفعل قبل الفاعل‬
Ex:
-I had done my homework before I went shopping
-Had I done my homework before I went shopping?
Uses:
‫ يستخدم هذا الزمن عندما يحدث حدثان في الماضي فيكون الزمن األقدم هو الماضي التام‬-1
‫والزمن األحدث ماضي بسيط‬
:‫ يستخدم مع الدالالت التالية‬- 5
Before, after, already+ v2, by the time, until, as soon as,
(V2……because ……never……before)
:‫ يكون التركيب القواعدي لبعض الدالئل الخاصة بهذا الزمن كاالتي‬: ‫مالحظة‬
*Before+ simple past, past perfect
*After+ past perfect, simple past
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*Before
By the time+ simple past + past perfect
By…..
*After
Already
+ past perfect
+ simple past
Until
Never
‫ تكون مضارع تام‬,‫ في جملة واحدة‬already ‫ اذا جاء‬:‫مالحظة‬
Ex:
*Ahmad had written some notes, before he came to the class
room.
*After you had told me, I kept your books quickly.
* correct the verbs between brackets:
1- We ………..our house by last week. (leave)
2-hatem had saved his documents before viruses ……….
(crash) his computer.( ‫)وزاري‬
3-after I ……… the medicine, I went to bed. ( have).
4- They………everything by the time I arrived office. ( arrange).
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8.Past perfect continuous (‫)الماضي التام المستمر‬
8.1. affirmative
Sub+ had + been+ v + ing
Ex:
She had been calling her mother for two hours when I came
8.2. Negation
had ‫ بعد‬not ‫* نضع‬
Ex:
She hadn’t been calling her mother for two hours when I came.
8.3.Interrogation:
‫* نضع الفعل المساعد قبل الفاعل‬
Ex:
Had She been calling her mother when I came ?
Uses:
‫ للتحدث عن أفعال كانت مستمرة في الماضي حتى وقت محدد توقفت عندما بدا فعل آخر‬-1
.‫ احداهما ماضي بسيط واالخر ماضي تام مستمر‬, )‫ودائما تتكون الجمله من فعلين ( زمنين‬
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:‫يستخدم مع الدالالت التالية‬-2
For, since, all, how long, again, because
Ali had been thinking about his friend since he received text
from him
,‫* يستخدم الماضي التام المستمر نفس دالئل المضارع التام على أن تحتوي الجملة على شقين‬
.‫أحدهما بالماضي البسيط‬
Correct the verbs between brackets:
1- He said that he………( study) English since you come
2- We……………(look for)her ring for two hours and then we
found it in the bathroom.
3- How long she ………….. (learn) English before she went to
London?
9. The future with will
9.1. Affirmative:
Sub+ will+ v1
Ex:
It will be cloudy tomorrow
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9.2. Negation:
‫ بعد الفعل المساعد‬not ‫*نضع‬
Ex:
It won’t be cloudy tomorrow
9.3. Interrogation:
‫*نضع الفعل المساعد قبل الفاعل‬
Ex:
Will it be cloudy tomorrow?
Uses:
‫التنبؤ بالحقائق‬-1
According to the weather report, it will be cloudy tomorrow
‫الرغبة في عمل شيء‬-2
The phone is ringing, I will get it
‫القرارات المفاجئة‬-3
I will call the police
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‫الكالم عن المستقبل بشكل عام‬-4
Children will grow up
:‫مع الدالئل التاليه‬-5
May be, probably, perhaps, hope, think, tomorrow, next,
tonight, today, in the future,soon
Ex:
*I think it will be cold today
*I hope you will win again
*Perhaps we will make another game
*I will probably migrate to Canada
*May be we will take a prize next month
 Correct the verbs between brackets:
1- The train………..( leave) soon
2- I ………( wait) for you until you return
3- Do you think he ……..( recognize) me when I meet
him?
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10. The future with going to
10.1. Affirmative:
He
She
+ is
+ going to + v1
It
We
You
+ are + going to + v1
They
I + am + going to + v1
10.2. Negation:
‫ بعد الفعل المساعد‬not ‫*نضع‬
Ex:
We aren’t going to attend lectures tomorrow.
10.3. Interrogattion:
‫* نضع الفعل المساعد قبل الفاعل‬
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Ex:
Are we going to attend lectures tomorrow ?
Uses:
1-: Intentions ‫النوايا‬
Ex:
I am going to catch the thief.
2-Plans ‫الخطط‬
Ex:
I am going to paint my room tomorrow.
3- Ambition ‫الطموح‬
Ex:
The experienced climber insisted that he was going to climb
that mountain.
:‫االشياء المتنبأ بها المعتمدة على دليل مرئي‬-4
Ex:
*I feel terrible; I think I am going to be sick.
*The sky looking very dark, I think it is going to rain.
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:‫األشياء التي يتم التخطيط لها مسبقا‬-5
We are saving up, because we are going to buy a car.
:‫ مع الدالئل التالية‬- 5
Plan, evidence, conclude, intend, arrange
11.Future continuous (‫)المستقبل المستمر‬
11.1.affirmative:
Sub+ will+ be + v + ing
‫*يستخدم للتحدث عن نشاط مستمر في المستقبل‬
Ex:
 Don’t ring at 8 o’clock; I will be watching who wants to be
millionaire.
 This time tomorrow, I will be sitting on the beach.
:‫*يستخدم مع الدالئل التالية‬
Month + specific time, tomorrow + specific time ,
between …..+ ….future time……., this time + future time
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‫)المستقبل التام( ‪12. Future perfect‬‬
‫‪12.1. affirmative‬‬
‫‪Sub+ will have + v 3‬‬
‫*يستخدم للتكلم عن حدث سوف يكتمل بوقت محدد في المستقبل‬
‫‪ By 2019, the new motor will have opened.‬‬
‫‪ This time next month, my parents will have been married‬‬
‫‪for twenty years.‬‬
‫*يستخدم مع الدالئل التالية‪:‬‬
‫‪By+future time, before +future time, future time +since/for‬‬
‫‪Active and passive‬‬
‫طريقة التحويل من المبني للمعلوم الى المبني للمجهول‪:‬‬
‫‪-1‬حذف الفاعل من الجملة األصلية‬
‫‪-2‬يوضع لك المفعول به في بداية الجملة‬
‫‪-3‬احذف المفعول به من الجملة األصلية لكي ال تكرره في الجملة الجديدة‬
‫‪-4‬قم باكمال الجملة على القواعد التالية‪:‬‬
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Tense
Modal verbs
Active
1-Must, had to,
would, shall,
should, can, could+
base form
2-must, might,…+
have+v3
Present simple
Past simple
Present continuous
V1
V2
Is, am , are+ v ing
Past continuous
Was, were+ v ing
Present perfect
Has, have+ v3
Past perfect
Had+ v 3
Passive
1-Modal+ be+ v3
2-must, might,….+
have + been+ v3
Is, am, are + v3
Was/ were+ v3
Is, am, are + being+
v3
Was, were +
being+v3
Has, have +been+
v3
Had+been+ v3
:‫والتالي التفصيل‬
:Simple present ‫المضارع البسيط‬-1
Active: S + (v 1 / v+es, s) + object
Passive: Object + is, am, are + v3
*They speak English in Jordan
English is spoken in Jordan
: Simple past ‫الماضي البسيط‬-2
Active: S + v2+ obj
Passive: Obj + was, were + v3
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*They spoke English
English was spoken
Present continuous ‫المضارع المستمر‬-3
Active: S + is, am, are + v + ing + obj
Passive: Obj + is, am, are + being+ v3
*He is playing football
Football is being played
Past continuous ‫الماضي المستمر‬-4
Active: S + was, were + v + ing + obj
Passive: Obj + was, were + being + v3
*The man was teaching the kids
The kids were being taught
:Present perfect ‫المضارع التام‬-5
Active: S+ has, have+ v3+ obj
Passive: Obj+ has/ have+ been + v3
*Murad has changed the wheels
The wheels have been changed
: Past perfect ‫الماضي التام‬-6
Active: S + had+ v3+ obj
Passive: Obj + had+ been+ v3
*He had broken the window
The window had been broken
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: Present perfect continuous ‫المضارع التام المستمر‬-7
Active: S+ has, have + been+ v + ing
Passive: Obj+ has, have + been +being+ v3
*Murad has been changing the wheels
The wheels have been being changed
: Past perfect continuous ‫الماضي التام المستمر‬-8
Active: S + had+ been + v+ ing
Passive: Obj+ had + been +being+ v3
* She had been playing football
Football had been being played
: Future simple ‫المستقبل البسيط‬-9
Active: S + modal ( will, can, must, have to, going to) + v1 + obj
Passive: Obj + modal+be + v3
1- I will pass the exam
The exam will be passed
2- I am going to do the homework
The homework is going to be done
: Future perfect ‫المستقبل التام‬-10
Active: S + modal + have + v3 + obj
Passive: Obj + modals + have + been + v3
*They must have introduced laws
Laws must have been introduced
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‫ في حالة سؤال المبني للمجهول نقوم بوضع الفعل المساعد في بداية الجملة وعالمة‬: ‫مالحظة‬
‫بعدالفعل المساعد‬not ‫استفهام في نهايتها اما في حالة النفي فنقوم بإضافة‬
:‫اسئلة وزارية لسنوات سابقة‬
1- People saw smoke coming out of the forest.
Smoke …………………………………………………….
2- The government must save the historical sites.
The historical sites…………………………………………
3- The farmer must water the plants in order to grow.
The plant……………………………………………………..
4- Everyone must save the natural resources.
The natural resources…………………………..
5- Parents mustn’t give their children everything they want.
Children …………………………………………..
6- Children mustn’t leave bicycles in the driveway.
Bicycles …………………………………………..
7- Nobody can deny the role of the teacher.
- The role of the teacher can be denied by nobody.
- The role of the teacher can’t be denied.
8- Is Tom fixing the door?
…………………. the door……………….…………………….?
9- Shakespeare wrote many plays.
Many plays……………………………………………………….
10- Bill will invite Ann to the party.
Ann….……………………………
11- Two horses were pulling the farmer’s wagon.
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The farmer’s wagon ………………………………………..
12- I agree with Dr. Khalid’s theory.
Dr. Khalid’s theory ……………………………………………
123456-
Answers:
Smoke was seen coming out of the forest
The historical sites must be saved
The plants must be watered in order to grow
The natural resources must be saved
Children must not be given everything they want
Bicycles mustn’t be left in the drive way
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‫‪Reported speech‬‬
‫( نقل الجمل الخبرية) ‪1-reporting declarative sentences‬‬
‫*عندما نقوم بنقل كالم القائل نستخدم أفعال النقل وهي‪:‬‬
‫‪Ex:‬‬
‫‪* I have three dogs.‬‬
‫‪Ali said that he had three dogs.‬‬
‫‪Ali asked if he had three dogs.‬‬
‫‪Ali wondered if he had three dogs.‬‬
‫‪Ali told that he had three dogs.‬‬
‫*الكالم المنقول هو نقل كالم المتكلم بارجاعه خطوة زمنية الى الوراء‪ ,‬أي‪:‬‬
‫مضارع ‪ -‬ماضي‬
‫ماضي ‪ -‬ماضي تام‬
‫*التغيير يكون على ما يلي‪:‬‬
‫‪-1‬الضمائر و صفات الملكية‬
‫‪-2‬األفعال‬
‫‪-3‬الظروف و بعض الكلمات‬
‫*ولكن في البداية يجب حفظ التحويالت التاليه‪:‬‬
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:‫الضمائر‬-1
‫مباشر‬
I
We
Me
Us
My
‫ فاعل‬you
‫ مفعول به‬you
‫غير مباشر‬
He, she
They
Him, her
Them
His, her
I, we, they, he, she
Me, us, them, him, her
:‫صفات الملكية‬-2
Our
Your
Mine
Ours
Their
My, our, their, his, her
His, hers
Theirs
:‫الضمائر االنعكاسية‬-3
Myself
Ourselves
Yourself
Himself, herself
Themselves
Himself, herself
:‫بعض الكلمات‬-4
This
These
Her
Today
Now
At the moment
That
Those
There
That day
Then
At that moment
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This week
Yesterday
Last week
A week ago
Ago
Tomorrow
Next week
Tonight
Come
That week
The day before
The week before
The week before
Before
The day after
The week after
That night
Go
:‫ األزمنة‬-5
‫*مضارع بسيط – ماضي بسيط – ماضي تام‬
‫*مضارع مستمر – ماضي مستمر – ماضي تام‬
Direct speech
Present simple
v.1
Past simple
v.2
Past perfect
Had+ v.3
Present perfect
Has/ have + v.3
Present continuous
Is/ am / are+ v ing
Past continuous
Was/ were+ v ing
Past perfect continuous
Had+ been + v ing
Present perfect continuous
Has/ have+ been+ v ing
Modals( will, shall, may,
must….+ base form
Reported speech
Past simple
v.2
Past perfect
Had+ v.3
Past perfect
Had+ v.3
Past perfect
Had+ v.3
Past continuous
Was/ were+ v ing
Past perfect continuous
Had + been+ v ing
Past perfect continuous
Had+ been + v ing
Past perfect continuous
Had+ been + v ing
Would, should, could, might,
had to + base form
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:‫مالحظة هامة‬
‫ اال في الحاالت‬, ‫ عندما يكون هنالك فعلين في الجملة نقوم بتغيير الفعل األول فقط‬:‫آلية الحل‬
:‫التالية‬
Didn’t + v1 ------ hadn’t + v3
Sub+ was, were + ing ----- had + been + v + ing
Examples:
1- I'm a teacher.
- He said he was a teacher.
2- I'm having lunch with my parents.
- She said she was having lunch with her parents.
3- I've been to France three times.
- He said he had been to France three times.
4- I've been working very hard.
- He said he had been working very hard.
5- I bought a new car.
- He said he had bought a new car.
6- It was raining earlier.
- She said it had been raining earlier.
7- The play had started when I arrived.
- He said that the play had started when he arrived.
8- I'd already been living in London for five years.
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- She said she'd already been living in London for five years.
 Re- write:
1- “ my mother will celebrate her birthday next weekend”
Rami said that…………………………………………….
2- Majid asked Saif what kind of books bookshops sold
Majid:”……………………………………………………
3- I will do my best tomorrow to achieve my goals.
We promised that……………………………….
Answers:
1- His mother would celebrate her birthday the weekend
after
2- Majid
3- We would do our best the day after to achieve our
goals.
2-Reported questions:
A-Wh question:
:‫*خطوات التحويل‬
. ‫) و التي تكون بالسؤال األصلي في خانة الحل‬wh (‫ نضع كلمة السؤال‬-1
.‫نضع بعدها الفاعل مع تحويله‬-2
.‫نضع الفعل مع تحويله‬-3
.‫أكمل الجملة و حول عالمة االستفهام الى نقطة‬-4
:‫مالحظة‬
‫ نحذفها ونحول الفعل الرئيسي للتصريف الثاني‬Do/ does ‫* عند وجود‬
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Ex:
What does she work these days?
Samir asked alia what she worked those days.
Had+ v3 ‫ نحذفها و نحول الفعل الرئيسي الى‬did ‫* عند وجود‬
Ex:
*What did your wife buy from this mall?
Ali asked Ahmad what his wife had bought from that mall.
*How long are you going away for?
She asked how long we were going away for.
B-Yes, no questions
:‫خطوات التحويل‬
.‫) في خانة الحل‬Whether/ if( ‫ضع كلمة‬-1
.‫ضع بعدها الفاعل مع تحويله‬-2
.‫ضع الفعل مع تحويله‬-3
.‫أكمل الجملة و ضع مكان عالمة االستفهام نقطه‬-4
‫ نحذفهما ونحول الفعل الذي يكون خلفهما للتصريف الثاني‬Does / did ‫*عند وجود‬
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Ex:
Does your mother speak tow languages?
Ali asked Samar if her mother spoke tow languages.
Had + v3 ‫ نقوم بحذفها ونحول الفعل الى‬did ‫*عند وجود‬
Ex:
Did your mother speak tow languages?
Ali asked Samar if her mother had spoken tow languages.
.‫ ان وجدت في الجملة‬Well, oh, please ‫ نحذف‬:‫مالحظة‬
Ex:
Is Ali happy?
I wondered if Ali was happy.
Was the girl playing in the yard?
He asked me if the girl had been playing in the yard.
:‫اسئلة وزارية لسنوات سابقة‬
1- “Does Huda‘s grandfather work in his farm during winter?”
Ali wanted to know…………………………………………….
2- Mum, I have been working in the garden all the morning.”
Samer told………………………………………………………
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3- “Could you lend me the dictionary for an hour, please?”
Huda asked Sami…………………………………………….
4- Ahmad: “have you ever been working during the summer
holiday?”
Ahmad asked Sami………………………………………
Answers:
1- If Huda‘s grandfather worked in his farm during the
winter
2- Mum that he had been working in the garden all the
morning
3- If he could lend her the dictionary for an hour
4-If he had ever been working during the summer holiday.
3-Reporting (command, request, advice, suggestion
sentences)
‫ ثم الفعل المجرد في حال بدات الجملة بفعل‬to ‫*في جملة األمر والطلب والنصيحة نقوم بوضع‬
.‫أمر اي فعل مجرد غير منفي‬
not to ‫ نحولها الى‬don’t ‫* اذا بدات الجملة بـ‬
‫ احذفها‬please ‫* اذا وجدت كلمة‬
:‫وهذه بعض األفعال الناقلة لجمل الطلب واألمر‬
Ask, beg, command, forbid, instruct, order, remind, request,
tell, urge, warn, want.
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Ex:
*Do your home work.
Ali ordered me to do my homework.
*Don’t waste your time.
My father advised me not to waste my time.
*Say hello to your mum.
She asked me to say hello to my mum.
ing ‫ بفعل مضاف له‬suggested ‫ تتبع‬,‫* في حال جمل االقتراحات‬
Ex:
I think we can play football.
He suggested playing football.
Or
He suggested that we could play football.
‫ ويصبح حلها مثل تحويل الجملة الخبرية العادية‬that ‫ الكلمات التالية يمكن ان تتبع‬:‫مالحظة‬
Claim, demand, promise, threaten, warn, admit, complain,
deny, insist, on, suggest, explain, inform.
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The causative
‫*هذه القاعدة تتحدث عن األشياء التي ال يستطيع الشخص القيام بها بنفسه‬
.‫ ال تستطيع أن تقول لقد اصلحت سيارتي اال اذا كنت تعمل ميكانيكي سيارات‬:‫مثال‬
:‫*القاعدة العامه‬
Have + someone + v3
‫وبهذه القاعدة نعني اننا وكلنا احدا للقيام بذلك‬
Ex: Ali had his hair cut.
.‫ بل احدهم قص شعره‬,‫هنا علي لم يقص شعره بنفسه‬
: ‫والجدول التالي يساعد في التحويل للجملة السببية‬
Tenses
Present simple
Past simple
Present cont
Regular active form
V1
V2
Is, am, are + v ing
Past cont
Was, were+ v ing
Present perfect
Has, have+ v3
Past perfect
Present perfect
cont
Past perfect cont
Had+ v3
Has, have+ been+ v
ing
Had+ been+ v ing
Modals
Will, can, might …+
base
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Causative form
Has, have + o+ v3
Had+ o+ v3
Is, am, are+ having+
o+v3
Was, were+ having+
o+ v3
Has, have had+ o+
v3
Had had+ o+ v3
Has, have+ been+
having+ o+ v3
Had+ been+
having+o+ v3
Will, can, might+
have+o+ v3
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‫خطوات التحويل‪:‬‬
‫ نضع الفاعل األصلي للجملة كما هو‪.‬‬‫نضع‪ have‬او اخواتها مكان الفعل الرئيسي للجملة( نغير شكل‪ have‬واخواتها بنفس شكل الفعل‬
‫الرئيسي)‪.‬‬
‫ نضع المفعول به كما هو في الجملة األصلية‪.‬‬‫‪ -‬نضع الفعل الرئيسي في نهاية الجملة بالتصريف الثالث‪.‬‬
‫‪Ex:‬‬
‫‪*She has been cleaning the house.‬‬
‫‪She has been having the house cleaned.‬‬
‫‪*She will clean the house.‬‬
‫‪She will have the house cleaned.‬‬
‫‪*She doesn’t mind cleaning the house.‬‬
‫‪She doesn’t mind having the house cleaned.‬‬
‫‪*Mohammad fixed the car.‬‬
‫‪Mohammad had the car fixed.‬‬
‫مالحظة‪ :‬احيانا نجد ان الفاعل في الجملة السببية هو ضمير فاعل ناتج عن تحويله من الجملة‬
‫االصلية‪ ,‬حيث كان فيها ضمير ملكية‪.‬‬
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Ex:
1-The dentist is going to fill my tooth.
I- am going to have my tooth filled.
2-Amal didn’t buy her own car, she had it bought.
3-Ahmad isn’t writing the report, he is having …….…. (write).
4-I didn’t deliver the flowers myself, I had them ……. (deliver).
5-Instead of buying a new bicycle, why don’t you have your old
one……. (fix).
.‫وقد نجد أن الفعل في الجملة األصلية منفي وهنا يجب أن يكون مثبت في الجملة السببية‬
He doesn’t repair his car himself, he has it repaired.
.‫ وانما هنالك من اصلحها له‬, ‫حيث أن هذه الجملة تؤكد أن الفاعل لم يصلح السيارة بنفسه‬
‫ فهنا يجب نفي الجملة‬,‫اما اذا دلت الجملة األصلية ان الفاعل ( المتحدث) قام باصالح السيارة بنفسه‬
.‫السببية‬
He repairs his car himself, he hasn’t it repaired.
:‫مالحظة‬
‫ دائما يكون قبل الفراغ‬,‫لتمييز سؤال الجملة السببية عن األزمنة في سؤال صحح ما بين األقواس‬
:‫مايلي للدالله على الجملة السببية‬
Sub+ verbs to have + object
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Exercise:
Complete the following sentences:
1- (2011)- Majed didn’t repair his computer himself. He had………
(repair)
2- (2012) - Did you plant the trees in your garden yourselves? No,
we had them ……………….. (plant)
3-(2015/w)- I didn’t deliver the flowers by myself. I had them
…………………. .(deliver)
4- (2012)- Rawan didn’t type the report herself. She had it
……………………… (type)
5- (2014) Manal didn’t buy her English dictionary. She had it
…………………………. (buy)
6- (2011)- He took the photos himself. He didn’t have them
………………………….. (take)
7- (2011)- Do you like this photograph of our family? We had it
………………….. by a photographer (take)
8-(2015) - Instead of buying a new bicycle, why don’t you have your
old one ……………. (fix)
Answers:
1. repaired 2- planted 3. Delivered 4. typed 5. bought 6. taken 7.
taken 8. fixed
Exercise: Rewrite the following sentences giving similar
meaning:
1- My computer isn’t working properly; I need to fix it as quick
as possible. - My computer isn’t working properly, I need
to…………………………………………………
2- The Smiths painted their house themselves. - The
Smiths……….…………………………………………………………
3- Rami’s tablet is lagging, he will repair it tomorrow - Rami
……………………………………………………………………………
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. 4- She is cleaning the house.
She ……………………….………………………………………
5-My teacher usually types his documents. - My teacher
………………………………………………………………………………
6- Brides sometimes design their wedding parties.
………………………………………………………………………………
7- A girl manicures my boss's nails twice a week . - My boss
……………………………………………………………………………
8- Picasso painted my mother's portrait. - My mother
…………………………………………………………………………
9- The dentist is going to fill my tooth next Monday.
I………………………………………………………………………
10 - Has anybody ever read your palm? - Have you
………………………………………………………………………
11- I’m going to pay someone to cut my grass.
…………………………………………………………………......
Answers:
1- have it fixed.
2- had their house painted.
3- will have it repaired tomorrow.
4- is having the house cleaned.
5- usually have his documents typed.
6- have their wedding parties designed.
7- has her nails manicured twice a week.
8- had her portrait painted.
9- am going to have my tooth filled next Monday.
10- Have you ever had your palm read?
11- have my grass cut
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Verbs followed with gerund / infinitive
Verbs followed by infinitive
( to + v1)
Want, afford, arrange,
Verbs followed by gerund
( ing form)
Stop, admit, avoid, consider,
promise, agree, refuse, plan,
deny, enjoy, finish, imagine,
intend, hope, offer, manage,
suggest,keep ,postpone
forget, appear, seem , decide,
claim, ask, would like,tend,
pretend
Examples:

Kate agreed to come.

I hope to see you soon.

We plan to finish this shortly.

They decided to return home.

She promised to stop smoking.

We agreed never to talk about it again.

He offered to sell the house.

I refuse to pay!

You seem to be disappointed.

She asked him not to leave.

I want to drink.
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
She stopped smoking.

I finished doing my homework.

They keep on fighting.

We discussed moving to Florida.

John finished fixing the car.

They suggested not keeping the luggage.
Explaining possibilities:
‫متاكدين من حدوث الفعل‬
must
‫متأكدين من عدم حدوث الفعل‬
Can’t
Sure, certain
Sure…… not
Certain….. not
Must+ v1
Must+ have+ v3
I am sure it is
outside, it must be
hot outside
Cant+ v1
Cant+ have+ v3
I am sure Ali didn’t
come
Ali cant have come
‫غير متأكدين من حدوث الفعل‬
‫أو عدمه‬
May, might, could
Unsure/ uncertain/
likely/ probable/
possible/ perhaps/
if/ there is a
chance/ may be
Might+ v1
Might+ have+ v3
It is possible that
Ahmad comes
Ahmad might come
‫ القسم الثاني يحتوي على الكلمة‬,‫ الجملة تحتوي على قسمين‬, ‫ الحظ في المثال الوزاري‬:‫مالحظة‬
‫وتبين لك ان الجملة ذاتها في زمن المضارع التام‬might ‫ والتي جعلتنا نستخدم‬unsure ‫الدالة‬
.‫ في جملة الحل‬Have+ v3 ‫لذلك استخدمنا‬
:‫ نستخدم في الحل‬, ‫ اذا كانت الجملة األصلية بالزمن المضارع‬:‫مالحظة‬
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Must/ cant / might + v1
:‫اما اذا كانت في الزمن الماضي او الماضي التام او المضارع التام نستخدم في الحل‬
Must / cant/ might + have + v3
EX:
(2014/ s): Ahmad class starts at 8: 45 and he isn’t her yet, I’m
unsure whether he has missed the bus or not.
Ahmad might have missed the bus.
:‫خطوات الحل‬
‫ نركز على الجملة التي تحتوي على دالله االحتمالية ونحدد المودل المناسب‬-1
‫نحذف جملة االحتمالية‬-2
‫نضع الفاعل في بداية جملة الحل ويفضل ان يكون اسم‬-3
S+ must, cant, might+ v1 ‫ المستمر الى‬/‫نقوم بتحويل الجملة من المضارع البسيط‬-3
S+ must,cant, might+have+v3 ‫الماضي البسيط او المستمر او المضارع والماضي‬
‫التام الى‬
Ex:
(2015/s) The twins have quietly expression on their faces, I am
almost sure they have done something naughty.
-The
twins must have done something naughty
She is blond, I am unsure whether she is Russian or not
-She might be Russian.
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Exercise: Write sentences which explain possibilities of the
following situations using the suitable modal verbs.
1- (2014/S)- Salma’s plants are dead. I am almost sure she
hasn’t watered them. (can’t have)
Salma…………………………………………………………………
2-(2014/W) The ground is wet here. There was almost certainly
a lake once. (must have)
………………………………………………………………………………
3-(2014/W) Those people are very thin, that’s why I’m certain
they haven’t eaten much food lately. (can’t have)
………………………………………………………………………………
4-My brother has been working for two hours. I’m sure he is
very exhausted. (must be)
My brother......................................................................
5- My father is 80 years old, he has been working all morning, I
am sure he is tired. (must be)
My father………………………………………………………………….
Answers:
1- Salma can’t have watered her plants.
2- There (The ground) must have (once) been a lake once.
3- Those people can’t have eaten much food lately.
4- My brother must be very exhausted.
5- My father must be tired.
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If clause ( conditional)‫الجمل الشرطية‬
‫ وتحتوي على اداة‬, ‫ ) وتسمى جملة الشرط‬If clause(‫ األول‬:‫تتكون الجملة الشرطية من قسمين‬
.‫ (وتسمى جملة جواب الشرط‬Main clause ( ‫والثاني‬. If, unless ‫ربط مثل‬
Ex:
If you study harder, you will pass.
:‫ الشرطية من اربعة أنواع وهي‬if ‫*تتكون جملة‬
1 -Zero conditional:
Form:
If +present simple, present simple
.‫ويستخدم للكالم عن قوانين و حقائق ال تقبل الشك‬
If you freeze water, it turns to ice.
If I don’t know a word, I look in my dictionary.
2-First conditional:
Form:
If +present simple ,future simple
.‫ويستخدم للحديث عن أمور قد تحث أو ال تحدث في المستقبل بناء على الحاضر‬
Ex:
If you come today, we will visit you.
I will call you, if I need any help.
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If the weather doesn’t improve, we won’t( will not) have a
picnic.
3-Second conditional:
Form:
If + past simple , S + would + v1
.‫يستخدم للتحدث عن حاالت خيالية لم تحدث في الواقع‬
Ex:
If it rained in summer, it would be nice.
If I won the lottery, I would buy for my parent new house.
4-Third conditional:
Form:
If + past perfect, S+ would+ have+ v3
If Ali hadn’t died, we would have enjoyed this trip together.
:‫للتعرف على كيفية االجابة على السؤال تتبع المثال التالي‬
If they ….have…. (Have) time at the weekend, they will come to
see us.
‫ فالحل سيكون مضارع بسيط‬first ‫ وبالتالي هذا يدل على ان الجملة هي‬, ‫هنا مستقبل بسيط‬
If teams train well, they will get high scores.
‫ وهنا نعتمد على‬, first ‫ او‬zero ‫هنا يوجد مضارع بسيط وهذا يدل على انه قد تكون اما‬
‫ فانه سيؤدي الى نتائج عالية‬,‫ حيث انه اذا قام الفريق بالتدريب جيدا‬, ‫االستخدام في تحديد اي نوع‬
first ‫اذا الحالة‬,‫في المستقبل‬
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Exercise:
Complete the Conditional Sentences by putting the verbs into
the correct form.
1- If they …………………. (have)time at the weekend, they will
come to see us.
2- If the team train well, they …………………… (get) high scores.
3- If we …………………………. (know) about your problem, we
would have helped you.
4- If I ………………………… (be) you, I would not buy that dress.
5- I leave if she …………………… (come) to this place.
6- If I didn't have a mobile phone, my life …………………….
(not/be) complete.
7- If we sneak out quietly, nobody ……………………….. (notice)
us.
8- We ……………………………….…………… (arrive) earlier if we
had not missed the bus.
9- Okay, I ……………………….. (get) the popcorn if you buy the
drinks.
10- If I ………………………………… (tell) you a secret, would you
be sure not to leak it?
11- She ………………………………… (go) out with you if you had
only asked her.
12- I would not have read your diary if you
…………………………… (not hide) it in such an obvious place.
Answers:
1- have 2- will get/get 3- had known 4- were 5- comes 6- would
not be 7- will notice 8- would have arrived 9- will get 10- told
11- would have gone 12- had not hid.
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‫‪Clef sentences:‬‬
‫هي نوع من العمليات التحويلية التي تتم على الجملة‪ ,‬وفيها يتم تحويل التركيز اما على الفاعل او‬
‫المفعول به او الظرف ( زمان‪ /‬مكان)‪.‬‬
‫‪Ex: john lost his wallet yesterday.‬‬
‫لعمل هذه الجمل يمكن استخدام هذه البدايات لتحويل التركيز على الفاعل او المفعول به او الظروف‬
‫وهي‪:‬‬
‫…‪The thing that…………..‬‬
‫…‪The person who………..‬‬
‫‪The time when……………..‬‬
‫……………‪The place where‬‬
‫‪The way in which…………..‬‬
‫‪What………………………….‬‬
‫‪It was………………………….‬‬
‫خطوات الحل‪:‬‬
‫‪-A‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬نحذف الفاعل او المفعول به او الظرف المقصود بالسؤال من الجملة االصلية‬
‫‪ - 2‬نضع ضمير الوصل المناسب في جملة الحل باالعتماد على الكلمة المراد التركيز عليها‬
‫في السؤال‬
‫‪ - 3‬نكمل الجملة كما هي بالسؤال‬
‫‪ - 4‬ننقل الكلمة المراد التركيز عليها الى اخر الجملة وقبلها تصريف الفعل ‪ be‬محول الى الزمن‬
‫المناسب لجملة السؤال‬
‫‪*The person who lost his wallet was john.‬‬
‫‪*The thing that john lost yesterday was his wallet.‬‬
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*The time when john lost his wallet was yesterday.
-B
:‫ هو‬what ‫التركيب القواعدي لجملة‬
What + sub + main verb + verb to be + complement
What john lost yesterday was his wallet.
-C
:‫ هو‬It was….‫التركيب القواعدي للجملة التي تبدأ بـ‬
It was + bold word+ that + sub+ verb …….
*It was yesterday that john lost his wallet.
*It was john that lost his wallet yesterday.
*It was john’s wallet that he lost yesterday.
 Make cleft sentences, stressing the information in bold:
1- Queen Rania opened the children’s Museum of Jordan
in 2007 CE.
It was………………………………………………..
2- Petra was made a world heritage site in 1985 CE.
The year…………………………………………………
3- It stopped working at 11 p.m.
It was ………………………………………………..
4- My father has influenced me most.
The person ………………………………………….
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Answers:
1-Queen Rania who opened the Children’s Museum of Jordan
in 2007 CE.
2- when/in which Petra was made a World Heritage Site was
1985 CE.
3- 11 p.m. when I stopped working.
4- who/that has influenced me most is my father
Exercise: Make cleft sentences using the given structure:
1- I've come to discuss my future with you.
The reason why……………………………………………….
2- Your generosity impresses more than anything else.
The thing that ……………………………………………………
3- The jewels are hidden under the floor at 23 Robin Hood Road,
Epping.
The place ……………………………………………………
4- Mary works harder than anybody else in this organisation.
The person who ……………………………………………
Mary is the person ……………………………………………
5- The Second World War ended on 7 May 1945 in Europe.
The day (when) …………………………………………………
7 May 1945………………………………………………………
6- We now need actions rather than words.
What we now need …………………………………………
Actions rather than words ………………………………
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Answers:
1-The reason why I've come is to discuss my future with you.
2- The thing that impresses me more than anything else is your
generosity.
3- The place where the jewels are hidden is under the floor at
23 Robin Hood Road, Epping.
- Under the floor at 23 Robin Hood Road is the place where the
jewels are hidden.
4- The person who works harder than anybody else in this
organisation is Mary.
- Mary is the person in this organisation who works harder than
anybody else.
5- The day (when) the Second World War ended in Europe was
7 May 1945
-7 May 1945 was the day (when) the Second World War ended
in Europe.
6- What we now need are actions rather than words.
- Actions rather than words are what we now need.
Relative clauses
1) Defining relative clauses
‫وهي ضمائر الوصل التي يتبعها عبارات ضرورية التمام المعنى و تحديد الشخص و‬
‫المكان الذي نتحدث عنه‬
The man who broke the window was my uncle
This the man who stole my bag
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‫دائما الجملة التابعة تبدأ بـ ‪ Relative pronoun‬وتشمل‪:‬‬
‫فعل ‪Who‬اشخاص‬
‫‪ Which/ that......‬لغير العاقل‬
‫‪ Where‬مكان‬
‫‪ When‬زمان‬
‫( للملكية) اسم ‪ Whose‬اسم المالك‬
‫(المفعول به العاقل) اسم ‪Whom‬‬
‫‪Ex:‬‬
‫‪1-This is the police who shot the criminal.‬‬
‫‪2-This is the school where I studied tawjihi.‬‬
‫‪3-This is the dog which chased me last night.‬‬
‫‪4-This is the man whose daughter I met in America.‬‬
‫في األمثلة التالية والعبارات التي تحتها خط ضرورية التمام المعنى و تحديد الشخص و المكان‬
‫الذي نتحدث عنه ‪ ,‬فلم نذكر اسم الشرطي وال اسم المدرسة ‪ ,‬حيث ان العبارات التي تحتها خط‬
‫تحدد لنا من هو الشرطي والمدرسة‪.‬‬
‫‪The police officer who shot the criminal.‬‬
‫‪This is the school where I studied tawjihi.‬‬
‫*هذه العبارات ضرورية و ال يمكن ازالتها ‪ ,‬حيث ان ازالتها قدد تؤدي الى حدوث خلل في الجملة‪.‬‬
‫*يمكن حذف ضمائر ‪ Relative pronoun‬اذا كان بعدها فاعل ‪ ,‬اما اذا كان بعدها فعل‬
‫فال يمكن حذفها‪.‬‬
‫‪Ex:‬‬
‫‪The man I told you about was my uncle.‬‬
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The man who broke the window is insane.
.‫ ألن بعدها فعل‬who ‫هنا ال يمكن حذف‬
2)Non- defining relative clauses:
‫ او مكان او شيء‬,‫هي عبارات اضافية نضيفها الى الجملة لتعطي معنى اضافي لشخص‬
*Ali, who is studying there, took my food.
*The Sahara desert, which is in Africa, is very hot.
Relative pronoun ‫ترتبط هذه العبارة الوصفية ب‬
.‫ حيث ان حذفها ال يختلف من خالله المعنى‬,‫*من الممكن حذف العبارة الوصفية غير المحددة‬
‫ اذا جاءت في منتصف‬, ‫*غالبا ما تكون الجملة الوصفية غير المحددة بين فاصلتين او قوسين‬
.‫الجملة‬
Which ‫ نستخدم‬,‫ عند استخدام حروف جر في جملة الوصل مع اسم الزمان او المكان‬:‫مالحظة‬
Where ‫ او‬When ‫بدال من‬
*That is the city which I was born in.
*The day which I met my teacher on was Monday.
Exercise: Use the most suitable relative pronoun to complete
each sentence.
(who/that/which/whose/where/when)
1- A hotel is a place ………………………… people stay when
they're on holiday.
2- What's the name of the woman ……………………….. lives in
that house?
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3- What do you call someone …………………….. writes
computer programs?
4- A waiter is a person ……………………….. job is to serve
customers in a restaurant.
5- Overalls are clothes ………………………. people wear to
protect their clothes when they are working.
6-Is that the shop …………………….. you bought your new
laptop?
7-He's the man ……………………………. son plays football for
Manchester Utd.
8- Hal didn't get the job …………………………. he applied for.
Answers:
1- where 2- who/that 3- who/that 4- whose 5-which/that 6- where
7- whose 8- which/that
Exercise: Join these sentences using relative pronouns
beginning with the words given.
Omit the pronoun if possible.
1- The girl is my sister. I'm talking to the girl.
- The girl who I am talking to is my sister.
2- This is the chair. The carpenter repaired it last week.
- This is the chair ……………………………………….
3- She is married to a man. He is richer than her.
- She is married ………………………………………………………
4- She is the friend. She helped me with my homework.
……………………………………………………………………………
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5- That is the swimming-pool. I used to go swimming there.
……………………………………………………………………………
6- That is the man. His wife is a famous actress.
………………………………………………………………………………
Answers:
1- The girl I am talking to is my sister.
2- This is the chair which/that the carpenter repaired last week.
- This is the chair the carpenter repaired last week.
3- She is married to a man who is richer than her.
4- She is the friend who helped me with my homework.
5- That is the swimming pool where I used to go swimming.
- That is the swimming pool I used to go swimming in.
6- that is the man whose wife is a famous actress.
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Derivation
‫ويشمل األسماء والصفات واألفعال‬
:nouns ‫ األسماء‬:‫أوال‬
:‫تنتهي األسماء بالنهايات التالية‬
Tion, sion, ness, ure, ment, dom, ism, ence, ance, ician, age,
ist, tide, ship, ice, or, er, ing, ity, ty, ology.
Ex: destruction, awareness, actress, development
:‫مواقع االسماء هي‬
:‫تاتي االسماء بعد المحددات‬-1
:‫وتشمل المحددات‬
(One, two, three, any, some, no, a lot of, lots of, only, all, much,
many, a few, a little, other, another).
I have some biscuits
(articles) A, an , the ‫تاتي االسماء بعد ادوات التعريف والتنكير‬-2
The kingdom of jordan is famous for the protection of olive oil
: ‫ ياتي االسم بعد ضمائر الملكية وتشمل‬-3
My, her, his, its, our, their
I will be going to university to complete my education
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:‫ الملكية‬S ‫ ياتي االسم بعد وقبل‬-4
Have you seen Nasser‘s collection of postcards?
:‫ياتي االسم بعد حروف الجر واسماء االشارة التالية‬-5
at, without, of, about , From , to, for , after , in , On, with
That, this, those, these
Ministry of education is the largest ministry in Jordan
We can’t comply with this decision
:‫يستخدم االسم كفاعل‬-6
Jordan considers one of the most prominent countries in
medicine
:‫يستخدم االسم كمفعول به‬-7
Professor Ali presents grants for diligent students
be ‫ بشرط ان ال تكون مسبوقة باحد افعال‬More, most ‫ ياتي االسم بعد كل من‬-8
We need more patience in case of anger
‫ ياتي االسم بعد الصفة‬-9
Psychological diseases become pervasive nowadays
‫ فاذا كان هناك‬, ‫ نستخدم كل القواعد السابقة بشرط ان ال يكون هنالك اسم بعد الفراغ‬:‫مالحظة هامة‬
.‫اسم بعد الفراغ نضع الجواب صفة وليس اسم‬
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: Adjectives ‫ الصفات‬:‫ثانيا‬
:‫تنتهي الصفات بالمقاطع التالية‬
Y, ory, ful, less, en, an, able, ive, ous, ect, al, ate, ant, ent, ish,
ing, ed, any, ic
Ex: stormy, scientific, fortunate, shocking.
:‫ وهي‬, ‫للصفة ثالثة اشكال‬
Stormy, small, natural :‫*الصفة العادية‬
Boring, shocking, interesting : ing ‫*صفة تصاغ باضافة‬
Brocken, written :‫*صفة تصاغ من التصريف الثالث‬
:‫وتأتي الصفة في المواقع التالية‬
‫ تاتي الصفة قبل االسم‬-1
She has beautiful hair
be ‫ تاتي الصفة بعد افعال‬-2
The exam was easy
Too, so , very, quite:‫ تاتي الصفة بعد الصفات التالية‬-3
You are eating very slow
: ‫ تاتي الصفة بعد االفعال التالية‬-4
Feel, get, find, taste, become, seem, look, appear
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This cookie looks tasty
)as .... ‫صفة‬.... as ( ‫تاتي الصفة في هذا الموقع‬- 5
She is as beautiful as moon
be‫ بشرط ان تكون مسبوقة باحد افعال‬the more, the most ‫تاتي الصفة بعد‬-6
land is more expensive than it was before
‫تاتي الصفة بعد الظرف‬-7
Ahmad was extremely hungry
:‫مالحظات هامة‬
‫ تستخدم‬ing ‫ تستخدم لوصف العاقل والصفة التي تنتهي ب‬ed ‫الصفة التي تنتهي ب‬-1
‫لوصف غير العاقل‬
Boring film , bored man
‫ يكون قبل االسماء صفات‬ed ‫ و‬ing ‫ما ينتهي بـ‬-2
Interesting film / interested man
‫ يكون قبل وبعد االفعال اسماء‬ed ‫ و‬ing ‫ما ينتهي بـ‬-3
Smoking is unhealthy/ I hate smoking
‫ تعامل معاملة الصفة‬p.p ‫افعال التصريف الثالث‬-4
This letter is written by hand
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‫ثالثا‪ :‬الظرف ‪ /‬الحال‪Adverb‬‬
‫عادة ما ينتهي ب ‪ ly‬وتركيبه دائما هو‪:‬‬
‫)صفة ‪)ly +‬‬
‫‪aggressive___ aggressively‬‬
‫يستخدم الظرف في الحاالت التالية‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬في نهاية الجملة مكتملة العناصر‬
‫‪He greeted the guests warmly‬‬
‫‪ -2‬في بداية الجملة‪ ,‬ويقع قبل الفاصلة‬
‫‪fortunately, fares could pass the exam‬‬
‫‪ -3‬قبل الصفة‬
‫‪He was extremely tired‬‬
‫‪-4‬بين الفاعل ( اسم‪ /‬ضمير) والفعل‬
‫‪He surprisingly told me about the secret.‬‬
‫مالحظة‪ :‬نحصل على الظرف ( الحال) باضافة (‪ )ly‬لنهاية الصفة وباسقاطها من الظرف نحصل‬
‫على الصفة‪.‬‬
‫رابعا‪ :‬الفعل ‪: Verb‬‬
‫وينتهي بالمقاطع التالية‪Ate, ise, ize, en, ve, ed :‬‬
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Ex: Organize, eradicate, strengthen
:‫و يقع الفعل في المواقع التالية‬
:‫بعد الفاعل‬-1
Thanks a lot. I appreciate your kindness
‫ بعد المفعول به‬-2
Jordan improves education frequently
‫ ويكون فعل مجرد‬to ‫ بعد‬-3
I need to evaluate my work
Modals ‫بعد افعال‬-4
You should study hard
do ‫ بعد افعال‬-5
She didn’t succeed
:‫ التركيب يكون كاآلتي‬: ‫والقاعدة العامة‬
‫ اسم‬,‫ فعل‬,‫ ظرف‬,‫ صفة‬, ‫اسم‬
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‫مالحظات عامة على األشتقاق‬
‫*ادوات العطف التالية ‪:‬‬
‫‪ And, as well as, or‬تعطف كلمتين من نفس الجنس اي ان ما يتبعها يكون من جنس‬
‫ما يسبقها‪.‬‬
‫‪- Smoking ( n) and pollution (n) have the same effects.‬‬
‫‪- Work makes you healthy ( adj) and wealthy( adj).‬‬
‫‬‫*اذا جاء الفراغ‪:‬‬
‫*في بداية الجملة ومتبوعا بفاصلة فانه يحتاج الى ظرف‬
‫*في بداية الجملة ومتبوعا باسم فانه يحتاج الى صفة‬
‫*في بداية الجملة ومتبوعا بفعل فانه يحتاج الى اسم‬
‫*في نهاية الجملة مسبوقا باسم وفعل فانه يحتاج الى ظرف‬
‫*محصورا بين فعلين فانه يحتاج الى ظرف‬
‫*اذا توالى اسمين وراء بعضهما يكون االسم االول صفة لالسم الثاني‬
‫*اذا خلت الكلمة من اي الحقة من لواحق االسم او الصفة او الظرف فهي غالبا ما تكون‬
‫فعل‬
‫*العبارات التالية‪:‬‬
‫)‪(Lead to, due to, according to, belong to,looking forward‬‬
‫يتبعها اسم او شبه جملة اسمية وليس فعل مجرد‬
‫*اذا كان الفعل مسبوقا بظرف نعتمد على الكلمة التي تسبق الظرف لتحديد ما يحتاجه الفراغ فنعتبر‬
‫ان الظرف كلمة زائدة‬
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:‫المشتقات المطلوبة للمستوى الثالث‬
Verb
Produce ‫ينتج‬
………….
Inherit ‫يرث‬
……………
Originate ‫ينشأ‬
Invent ‫يخترع‬
Discover ‫يكتشف‬
Noun
Production
‫انتاج‬
Product ‫منيج‬
Producer ‫منتج‬
Medicine ‫طب‬
Inheritor ‫وارث‬
Inheritance ‫ميراث‬
Nine ‫تسعة‬
Origin ‫اصل‬
Originality ‫أصالة‬
Adjective
Productive ‫غزير االنتاج‬
Adverb
Productively ‫بشكل‬
‫منتج‬
Medical ‫طبي‬
Inheritable ‫يمكن‬
‫توريثه‬
Ninth ‫التاسع‬
Original ‫اصلي‬
Medically ‫طبيا‬
..........................
Invention ‫اختراع‬
Inventor ‫مخترع‬
Discovery ‫اكتشاف‬
Discoverer ‫مكتشف‬
Inventive ‫مبدع‬
Inventively ‫بابداع‬
Discovered ‫مكتشف‬
Discoverable ‫قابل‬
‫لالكتشاف‬
Influential ‫مؤثر‬
..............................
Influence‫يؤثر‬
Influence ‫تأثير‬
Wave ‫ينسج‬
Waver‫نساج‬
Waving ‫نسيج‬
Attraction ‫جذب‬
Creature ‫مخلوق‬
Creation ‫ ابداع‬/‫خلق‬
Translation‫ترجمة‬
Translator ‫مترجم‬
Appreciation ‫تقدير‬
Attract ‫يجذب‬
Create ‫ يخلق‬/‫يبدع‬
Translate ‫يترجم‬
Appreciate ‫يقدر‬
Educate ‫يعلم‬
Collect ‫يجمع‬
Linstall ‫يركب‬
Operate ‫ يجري‬/‫يشغل‬
‫عملية‬
Expect ‫يتوقع‬
Contemporize‫يحدث‬
Visualize ‫يبصر‬
Ninthly ‫تاسعا‬
Originally ‫اصال‬
Waved ‫منسوج‬
Influentially ‫بشكل‬
‫مؤثر‬
......................
Attractive ‫جذاب‬
Creative ‫ خالق‬/‫مبدع‬
Attractively ‫جاذبية‬
Creatively ‫بابداع‬
Translated ‫مترجم‬
……………..
Appreciatively
‫بتقدير‬
Educationally
‫تعليميا‬
Collectively ‫بتعاون‬
Expectancy
Appreciative /‫ممتن‬
‫مقدر‬
Educational‫تعليمي‬
Educative ‫تثقيفي‬
Collective /‫تعاوني‬
‫مشترك‬
Installed ‫مركب‬
Operational /‫مشغل‬
‫جاهز للعمل‬
Expectant ‫متوقع‬
‫توقع‬
Expectation‫ امل‬/‫رجاء‬
Contemprorisation
‫تحديث‬
Vision‫رؤية‬
Contemporary
‫معاصر‬
Visual ‫بصري‬
Contemporarily
‫بالتزامن مع‬
Visually ‫بصريا‬
Education ‫تعليم‬
Educator ‫معلم‬
Collection ‫مجموعة‬
Installation ‫تركيب‬
Operation ‫ عملية‬/‫تشغيل‬
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Operationally
‫تشغيليا‬
Expectantly ‫بترقب‬
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………….
………….
Tradition ‫تقليد‬
……………..
Traditional ‫تقليدي‬
Extreme ‫جدا‬
Organize ‫ينظم‬
Organization ‫منظمة‬
Intend ‫ينوي‬
………………
Intention ‫نية‬
Archaeology‫علم االثار‬
Archaeologist‫عالم االثار‬
Child ‫طفل‬
Children ‫اطفال‬
Training ‫تدريب‬
Trainer ‫مدرب‬
Person ‫شخص‬
People ‫ اشخاص‬/‫ناس‬
Organized ‫منظم‬
organizational‫تنظيمي‬
Intended ‫مقصود‬
Archaeological‫اثري‬
…………..
Train ‫يتدرب‬
…..…………
Bring ‫ يجلب‬/‫يحضر‬
…………
…………….
Traditionally ‫تقليديا‬
Extremely ‫بدرجة‬
‫قصوى‬
Organizationally
‫تنظيميا‬
……………….
Archaeologically
‫اثريا‬
…………………
Trained ‫مدرب‬
.…………….
Brought ‫منقول‬
…………..
Tourist ‫سائح‬
Tourism ‫سياحه‬
Prescription ‫وصف‬
Culture ‫ثقافة‬
Majority ‫غالبية‬
Infect ‫يعدي‬
Infection ‫عدوى‬
Diagnose ‫يشخص‬
Diagnosis ‫تشخيص‬
Diagnoses ‫تشخيصات‬
Believe ‫يعتقد‬
Belief ‫اعتقاد‬
Diagnostic‫تشخيصي‬
Diagnostical‫تشخيصي‬
Diagnosed‫مشخص‬
Believable ‫معقول‬
Succeed ‫ينجح‬
Conclude ‫يلخص‬
Success ‫نجاح‬
Conclusion ‫خالصة‬
Successful ‫ناجح‬
Conclusive ‫ملخص‬
……….
Surgery ‫جراحة‬
Surgeon ‫جراح‬
Reputation ‫سمعة‬
Surgical ‫جراحي‬
Believably ‫بشكل‬
‫معقول‬
Successfully ‫بنجاح‬
Conclusively ‫بشكل‬
‫ملخص‬
Surgically ‫جراحيا‬
Reputable ‫حسن السمعة‬
reputed
Reputably ‫بشكل‬
‫موثوق‬
Prescribe ‫يصف‬
Repute ‫يحقق سمعة‬
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Prescribed‫موصوف‬
Cultural ‫ثقافي‬
Major ‫كبير‬
On going ‫ متطور‬/‫مستمر‬
Infectious ‫معدي‬
Culturally ‫ثقافيا‬
Infectiously ‫بشكل‬
‫معد‬
Diagnostically
‫تشخيصيا‬
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Exercise: Complete the sentences with words formed from the
words in brackets.
1- The Middle East is famous for the………………………………….
of olive oil. (produce)
2- Ibn Sina wrote ……………………………………. textbooks.
(medicine)
3- Fatima al-Fihri was born in the ………………………………….
century. (nine)
4- My father bought our house with an ………………………….
from his grandfather. (inherit)
5- Scholars have discovered an ……………………… document
from the twelfth century. (origin)
6- Do you think the wheel was the most important
…………………………… ever? (invent)
7- Al-Kindi made many important mathematical
…………………………..ies.(discover)
8- Who was the most ……………………………… writer of the
twentieth century? (influence)
Answers:
1- production 2- medical 3- ninth 4- inheritance 5- original 6invention 7- discoveries 8-influential.
Exercise:
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in
the box
translation / archaeology / appreciation / educate / collect /
installation
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1- Petra is an important ……………….. site.
2- I will be going to university to continue …………..
3- In our exam, we had to ………….. a text from Arabic into
English.
4- They are going to ……………………….. a new air
conditioning unit in our flat.
5- Thank you for your help, I really……………………… it.
6- Have you seen Nasser’s ……………. of postcards? He’s
got hundreds!
Answers:
1- archaeological 2- education 3- translate 4- install 5appreciate 6- collection
Exercise: Complete the text with suitable words derived from
the words in brackets.
Madaba is the place whe€re most Jordanian weavers buy their
raw materials.
Sheep’s wool, and goat and camel hair are used by Bedouin
tribes and villagers all over Jordan to ………………… (product)
rugs, bags and other beautiful items.
…………………………… (Traditional), the whole process is done
by hand, from the washing of the wool to the finished
article.
There is a particular Bedouin style of ………………………..
(weave) that buyers find very ……………………….... (attraction).
Another craft practised in Madaba is the…………………………….
(creative) of ceramic items
Answers:
1- produce 2- Traditionally 3- weaving 4- attractive
5- creation.
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‫‪Articles‬‬
‫ادوات التعريف و النكرة‬
‫أوال‪: A / an :‬‬
‫تستخدم قبل األسماء المعدودة عندما نذكرهم ألول مرة‬
‫مالحظة‪ :‬األسماء المعدودة هي األسماء التي يمكن عدها و جمعها مثل‪:‬‬
‫‪Book –books, student- students‬‬
‫اما األسماء الغير معدودة فهي األسماء التي ال يمكن عدها او جمعها مثل‪:‬‬
‫‪Water, coffee, tea, money‬‬
‫استخدامات ‪:an/a‬‬
‫‪(1‬نستخدم ‪ an‬مع األسماء التي تبدأ بحروف العلة وهي( ‪) A, o , I, e ,u‬‬
‫‪Ex: I saw an elephant in the zoo yesterday.‬‬
‫‪I need an apple, an orange and an egg.‬‬
‫‪(2‬نستخدم ‪ a‬مع األسماء التي تبدأ بحروف ساكنة‬
‫‪Ex: he read a book‬‬
‫‪I bought a camera‬‬
‫‪(3‬نستخدم ‪ A, AN‬مع األسماء المفردة المعدودة فقط‬
‫‪(4‬نستخدم ‪ A, AN‬مع األعداد التي تعني واحد‬
‫‪Ex: I have been studying for an hour‬‬
‫‪I saw a hundred of butterflies in the garden‬‬
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A doctor, an engineer :‫ مع اسماء المهن‬A, an ‫(نستخدم‬5
Ex: majid is an engineer
Huda is a doctor
: of ‫ مع عبارات الكميات وتنتهي ب‬A, an ‫(نستخدم‬6
Bunch of, group of, herd of, a pair of, a slice of
Ex: I saw a herd of cows
He gave her a bunch of flowers
The :‫ثانيا‬
‫ او القارئ‬,‫ عندما نتحدث عن شيء يعرفه المستمع و المتحدث‬the ‫(تستخدم‬1
Ex: The garden is beautiful
:‫ عند التحدث عن شيء واحد ال يوجد غيره مثل‬the ‫(نستخدم‬2
Ex:The earth, the world, the sun, the moon
)‫ مع اسماء البحار والمحيطات واألنهار ومجموعة الجزر ( لكن ليس جزر فردية‬the ‫(نستخدم‬3
.‫والسالسل الجبلية واسماء الدول المركبة‬
The red sea, the Indian ocean, the united states, the river nile,
Ex: The Nile River locates in Egypt
Mallorac is one of the Balearic island
est ‫ اي الصفات التي تنتهي ب‬,‫ قبل صيغة المفاضلة‬the ‫(نستخدم‬4
The tallest, the biggest
Ex: Ostrich is the biggest bird
Ali is the tallest in the class
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.‫ مع األسماء التي تصبح معروفة لذكرها مرة ثانية في الجملة‬The ‫(نستخدم‬5
Ex: I read a book yesterday, the book was wonderful
I saw an elephant in the zoo, the elephant was enormous
‫ مع االسم المفرد الذي يمثل صنفا او نوعا‬the ‫(نستخدم‬6
Ex: The cat is a tame animal
The tea is a herbal plant
‫ قبل األرقام الترتيبية المستخدمة كصفات‬the ‫(تستخدم‬7
Ex: This is the first student
‫ مع الصفات التي تدل على طبقة من الناس‬the ‫(تستخدم‬8
Ex: We should help the poor
‫ مع اسماء االالت الموسيقية‬the ‫(تستخدم‬9
Ex: He plays the guitar well
‫ والتخصيص يكون دائما بوضع حروف جر او ضمائر وصل‬,‫ للتخصيص‬the ‫)نستخدم‬10
‫بعد االسم‬
Ex: The car which I bought is expensive
The cake in the bakery looks delicious
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No article )x( :‫ثالثا‬
:‫تستخدم مع‬
:‫) األسماء الغير معدودة واألسماء الجمع‬1
Chocolate, sweets, children, sheep
Ex: I don’t like cars
Milk contains many minerals
,‫ الشوارع‬,‫ المدن‬,‫ الشالالت‬,‫) قبل معظم اسماء الدول والقارات والجبال الفردية والبحيرات‬2
‫ السنوات‬,‫ األشهر‬,‫األيام‬
Jordan, Arabic, Africa, mount Everest, lake, Geneva, Niagara
falls, oxford street, Monday, April, 2000xs
Ex: japan is a great country.
‫)للتعميم وليس التخصيص‬3
Ex: Milk is good for you
‫)مع اجزاء الجسم‬4
Ex: Her left leg is broken
Car, plane, train, ship, bus, bicycle :‫)مع وسائط النقل‬5
Ex: he will travel by plane
Breakfast, lunch, dinner: ‫) قبل اسماء وجبات الطعام‬6
Ex: I had lunch at home
‫)اللغات والجنسيات‬7
Ex: he speaks French fluently
She is Canadian
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‫)قبل اسم العلم‬8
Ali, Ahmad
Ex: Ali is a clever student
Football, volleyball, skiing, basketball :‫) مع اسماء االلعاب الرياضية‬9
Ex: many people like football
Exercise: Complete the text with a, an, the or – (zero article).
1- Rami’s father is ……………… pilot.
2- Hani is ……………… best student in the class.
3- ……………… Nile is ……………… longest river in the world.
4- Have you got ……………… pen?
5- She bought ……………… umbrella yesterday.
6- He wears ……………… uniform at work.
7- My brother goes to ……………… university.
8- I saw ……………… boy in our garden. ……………… boy was
crying.
9- Rashid comes from ……………… United Arab Emirates.
10- My father is ……………… accountant.
11- They went to Syria by ……………… car.
12- My favorite subject is ……………… English.
13- Long live ……………… queen.
14- I like ……………… football very much.
15- Amman is ……………… capital of Jordan.
16- Last night, ……………… moon was shining.
17- They flew to ……………… Republic of China last week.
Answers:
1- a 2- the 3- The/the 4- a 5- an 6- a 7- – 8- a -/the 9- the 10- an
11- – 12- – 13- the 14- – 15- the 16- The 17- the.
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Exercise : Complete the sentences with a, an, the or – no
articles.
1 - …………. Amman is …………. capital of …………. Jordan.
2- It’s one of …………. oldest cities in …………. world.
3- …………. Petra is in …………. south of Jordan. It’s ………….
important archaeological site.
4- It was …………. important city until …………. Huge
earthquake destroyed it in about 663 CE.
5- …………. Aqaba is next to …………. Red Sea; people often go
there for their holidays.
6- I’m very interested in …………. history, in particular ………….
history of …………. Jordan.
Answers:
1- – /the/– 2- the/the 3- –/the/an 4- an/the 5- –/the 6- –/the/–
used to
Forms:
1) Is
Am + used to+ v+ ing/ pronoun/ noun
Are
:‫االستخدامات‬
‫*وصف امور مألوفة ومعتادة لنا في حياتنا اليومية‬
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*We have lived in the city a long time, so we are used to
knowing everything.
*I am used to getting up at five in the morning.
*She lived in UK for a year, she is used to speaking English
now.
*we have lived in the city along time,so we are used to the
traffic.
* I didn’t like getting up early,but I’m used to it now.
* we weren’t used to three meals a day
be ‫ بعد عائلة‬not ‫*في حالة النفي نضيف‬
Salma isn’t used to speaking English.
‫*في حالة السؤال نقدم الفعل المساعد على الفاعل‬
Is Salma used to speaking English now?
2) Used to+ v1
:‫االستخدامات‬
‫*لوصف عادات في الماضي ولكنها تغيرت اآلن‬
1-My mother used to buy my clothes, but now I choose my own.
2-She used to be a teacher, but now she is retired.
3-I used to like cartoon films when I was younger, these days I
prefer action films.
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Use to ‫ الى‬Used to ‫) وتتغير‬didn’t (‫ في حالة النفي والسؤال نستخدم الفعل‬:‫مالحظة‬
He didn’t use to work for me.
Did you use to play football at school?
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrases in
the box:
Be used to, use to, not be used to, used to
1- We needed warm clothes when we went to London. We
weren’t ………………………. the cold weather.
2- My grandparents didn’t ……………………………… send
emails when they were my age.
3- Rashed ……………………………….. go swimming every
morning, but now he doesn’t.
4- We always go to the market across the street, so we
……………………………. eating fresh vegetables.
5- Please slow down. I ……………………………. walking so
fast!
6- When you were younger, did you
………………………………………….. play in the park?
Answers:
1- used to 2- use to 3- used to 4- are used to 5- am not
used to 6- use to.
Exercise: Choose the correct form of the verbs below.
1- I used to / am used to go shopping in the local supermarket,
but it closed two years ago, so now I have to drive into town to
shop.
2- There didn’t use to / wasn’t used to be so much pollution, but
these days it is a global problem.
3- I think television used to / is used to be better than it is now.
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Most of the programmes these days are just reality TV.
4- Most Jordanians are used to / used to the hot weather that
we have in summer.
5- There was used to / used to be a lot more wild animals in the
past, but they are becoming rare nowadays.
6- Salma has been practising the oud hard and she is now used
to / now used to playing it.
Answers:
1- used to 2- didn’t use to 3- used to 4- are used to 5- used to
6- is now used to.
American vs British English
:‫ ومنها‬, ‫هنالك بعض الفروقات ما بين اللغة االنجليزية األمريكية والبريطانية‬
: ‫ فروقات في القواعد وتشمل‬-‫أ‬
‫ علما بأن األمريكيين‬,‫ بينما يستخدمه البريطانيون‬, ‫ قليال ما يستخدم االمريكيون المضارع التام‬-1
.‫يستخدمون الماضي البسيط‬
( AE) did you see that film yet?
(BE) have you seen that film yet?
‫ كتصريف ثالث‬Gotten ‫اللهجة األمريكية تستخدم‬-2
(AE) he had gotten us some ice cream
(BE) he had got us some ice cream
Have got ‫ بينما البريطانية تستخدم‬,‫ إلظهار الملكية‬have ‫اللهجة األمريكية تستخدم‬-3
(AE) I have a brother, do you have a sister?
(BE) I have got a brother, have you got a sister?
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:‫ الفرق بين االنجليزية االمريكية والبريطانية في استخدام الكلمات‬- ‫ب‬
BE
AE
Lift
Pavement
Sweet
Holiday
Autumn
Rubbish
Petrol
Biscuit
Trousers
Head teacher
Flat
Conservatoire
Chemist
Elevator
Side walk
Candy
Vacation
Fall
Trash, garbage
Gas
Cookie
Pants
School principal
Apartment
Conservatory
Drugstore
:‫ الفرق بين االنجليزية االمريكية والبريطانية من حيث الحروف‬- ‫جـ‬
BE
AE
Our
Labour
Harbour
Flavour
Colour
Neighbour
Favourite
Re
Centre
Centimetre
Litre
Theatre
LLl
Travelling
Jeweller
Modelling
Or
Labor
Harbor
Flavor
Color
Neighbor
Favorite
Er
Center
Centimeter
Liter
Theater
Ll
Traveling
Jeweler
Modeling
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Cancelled
Marvellous
Ise
Realise
Specialise
Normalise
Paralysed
Canceled
Marvelous
Ize
Realize
Specialize
Normalize
Paralyzed
 The following sentences are in British English, re- write
them in American English :
1- Have you seen the new sport centre?
..............................................................
2- I am going to have a look at these marvellous painting.
……………………………………………………….
 Mark is American and Bruce is British. How would Bruce
say sentences 1-3 in British English? How would mark say
sentences 4-6 in American English?
1- Mark: did you see that exhibition yet?
Bruce: ………………………………………………..
2- Mark: I usually take a shower in the morning.
Bruce: …………………………………………………
3- Mark: I just had my breakfast.
Bruce: ………………………………………………….
4- Bruce: where’s Leo? Have you seen him anyway?
Mark: …………………………………………………….
5- Bruce: I‘d like to have a look at those paintings.
Mark: …………………………………………………….
6- Bruce: Leo‘s already done his project.
Mark: …………………………………………………….
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‫‪Writing‬‬
‫تقسم الكتابة الى نوعين‪:‬‬
‫‪)1‬الكتابة الموجهه‬
‫‪)2‬الكتابة الحرة‬
‫اوال‪ :‬الكتابة الموجهه ‪Guided writing‬‬
‫تتعدد انماط الكتابة الموجهة كاالتي‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬نمط يعطيك بالسؤال موضوع مع خصائص‪ /‬مزايا‪ /‬اهداف‪ /‬خطوات‪ /‬نصائح‪ ,‬وعليك ترتيبها‬
‫على شكل نص باستخدام ادوات الربط ‪ ,‬وبشكل متناسق ‪ ,‬وباستخدام ادوات الترقيم‪.‬‬
‫*لتكوين جملة في الكتابة الموجهه‪ ,‬نتبع ما يلي‪:‬‬
‫‪)A‬اذا كان عنوان الموضوع اسم جمع ‪,‬نتبع القالب التالي‪:‬‬
‫……‪ for example …2……. Ing and …3‬العنوان…‪There are many‬‬
‫‪ing, ……. Ing, too.‬‬
‫‪Another thing is…4…….ing and……..ing , too.‬‬
‫‪Ex:‬‬
‫(‪Purposes of building dams )1‬‬
‫(‪Save water )2‬‬
‫(‪Irrigate plants )3‬‬
‫(‪Generate electricity )4‬‬
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:‫)اذا كان العنوان سؤال نتبع القالب التالي‬B
There are many suggestions/ ways of…1……., such as …2….
Ing ,and …3….ing, too. Another thing is …4….ing and
……5..ing, too.
Ex:
How to be brother or sister 1
Play game with them 2
Never hit them 3
Help them with their homework 4
Take them to the park 5
:‫وهنا نتبع القالب التالي‬, ‫ نمط يعطيك موضوع له سلبيات او ايجابيات‬-2
‫ العنوان‬has/ have many advantages, such as …1……ing and
…2…ing, too. on the other hand, …‫…… العنوان‬has/ have many
disadvantages such as…3….ing and …4..ing ,…….. too.
Ex:
Phones
Mobile
Land line
Advantages
Carry with you 1
Cheap 2
Disadvantages
Expensive 3
Large, heavy 4
:‫مثل‬, ‫ ويعطيك معلومات عنه‬,‫ نمط يطلب منك كتابة سيرة شخص مشهور‬-3
‫*تاريخ ومكان والدته‬
‫*دراسته وعلمه‬
‫*نشأته وانجازاته‬
‫*وفاته‬
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‫وهنا عليك كتابة (‪ )biography‬سيرة هذا الشخص باستخدام ادوات الربط المناسبة والمفردات‬
‫المالئمة‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬نمط يطلب منك الكتابة عن موقع او مكان معروف ويعطيك معلومات عنه مثل‪:‬‬
‫*الموقع‬
‫* تاريخ البناء‬
‫* الهدف من البناء‬
‫*وصف البناء‬
‫وهنا عليك الكتابة عن هذا الموقع باستخدام ادوات الربط المناسبة والمفردات المالئمة‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬نمط يعطيك رسم بياني(‪ (Chart‬خاص بموضوع معين ويطلب منك الكتابة باالعتماد عليه‬
‫وهنا من الممكن االستعانة بهذا القالب عند الكتابة‪:‬‬
‫…اعلى نسبة‪......and which indicates that ...‬اسم اللوحة‪This chart the .....‬‬
‫‪... was the least.‬اقل نسبة… ‪Was the highest, while‬‬
‫‪....‬نسبة اخرى‪... was more than ….‬نسبة اخرى‪It also shows that the ...‬‬
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‫ثانيا‪ :‬الكتابة الحرة ‪Free writing‬‬
‫الكتابة الحرة للفصل األول ‪ ,‬وتشمل‪:‬‬
‫‪)1‬المقالة بأنواعها ) ‪(Essay‬‬
‫‪)2‬تقرير (‪) report‬‬
‫‪)3‬ملخص)‪(Summary‬‬
‫وهنا يجب ان نقسم الموضوع المطلوب للكتابة عنه بالسؤال حسب العناصر‪:‬‬
‫‪ )1‬العنوان ‪Title‬‬
‫‪ )2‬المقدمة ‪Introduction‬‬
‫‪ )3‬جسم الموضوع ‪Main part‬‬
‫‪ )4‬الخاتمة ‪Conclusion‬‬
‫النموذج التالي يناسب كل من المقالة بأنواعها‪ ,‬والملخص والتقرير‪:‬‬
‫‪ this is subject that is one of the most important‬الجملة الواردة بالتعبير‬
‫‪issues in our daily life, in this essay / report/ summary,‬‬
‫‪therefore, I intend to write‬‬
‫…………………………………………………………………………‪about‬‬
‫‪………………………………………………………………………......‬‬
‫‪.…………………………………………………………………..‬جسم الموضوع‬
‫‪Finally, I hope that I have given useful information‬‬
‫‪………………………………………………………….‬الموضوع‪about……..‬‬
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‫مالحظة‪:‬‬
‫يتم اعداد ملخص ‪ summary‬من خالل كتابة المواضيع الرئيسية بالموضوع‪.‬‬
‫اوال‪ :‬المقالة‬
‫تقسم المقالة الى ثالثة أنواع‪:‬‬
‫‪ )1‬المقالة الجدلية ‪Argumentative‬‬
‫‪ )2‬المقالة االستطرادية ‪Discursive‬‬
‫‪ )3‬المقالة الوصفية ‪Descriptive‬‬
‫تتشابه المقالة بانواعها من حيث التركيب‪ ,‬حيث تتكون من‪:‬‬
‫‪)1‬المقدمة‬
‫‪)2‬الرأي الموافق‬
‫‪)3‬الرأي المخالف‬
‫‪)4‬الخاتمة‬
‫ثانيا‪ :‬التقرير‬
‫ويتكون التقرير من‪:‬‬
‫‪)1‬الهدف من التقرير‬
‫‪)2‬المزايا والماساوئ( وجهات النظر المختلفة)‬
‫‪)3‬الخاتمة‬
‫ثالثا‪ :‬الملخص‬
‫للقيام باعداد ملخص ‪ ,‬نتبع ما يلي‪:‬‬
‫‪)1‬لخص المحتوى بما ال يزيد عن سطرين‬
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‫)حدد الكلمات الرئيسية التي ال يمكن االستغناء عنها‬2
‫)لخص كل فقرة بما ال يزيد عن سطرين‬3
Writing skills: coherence
To make your essay “ flow” so that it is clear to your audience, you
need to link your ideas:
Indicating consequence:
In this way, technology makes communication more convenient.
As a consequence, family members who are away from home can
communicate well their loved once.
Therefore, people can communicate more quickly and
conveniently.
Indicating opposition:
However, social media is time- consuming./ whereas, the more
quickly and conveniently we communicate, the more likely it is
that there will be misunderstandings.
Despite the recent advances in technology, it is still unreliable and
very inconvenient.
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‫‪Critical thinking‬‬
‫هذا السؤال ليس له اجابة محددة ‪ ,‬فعليك أن تعتمد على تحليل النص وربط األفكار المهمة والحكم‬
‫على صحة رأي أو اعتقاد عن طريق تحليل ومناقشة الموضوع ‪ ,‬واالجابة دائما تكون من القطعة‪.‬‬
‫وهنا بعض القوالب التي يمكن استخدامها‪:‬‬
‫*يمكن استخدام هذا القالب اذا كان المطلوب منك كتابة وجهة نظرك عن الموضوع‬
‫‪…. because……… also ………..‬القضية‪From my point of view……..‬‬
‫‪…..,‬تفسير ذلك‪According to the text, the writer states that ……….‬‬
‫………اقتراح………‬
‫*يمكن استخدام هذا القالب اذا كان المطلوب منك كتابة اقتراحاتك عن الموضوع‬
‫‪….. and I suggest‬االعتقاد‪I think this statement is true ……..‬‬
‫‪….v+ing, v+ing…….and …v+ing.‬‬
‫تحرير األخطاء ‪Editing‬‬
‫يعطيك باالمتحان الوزاري نص قصير فيه اربع أخطاء وعليك اكتشافها وتصحيحها‬
‫انواع األخطاء‪ :‬االمالء ‪ ,‬األحرف الكبيرة‪ ,‬عالمات الترقيم‪.‬‬
‫مالحظة‪:‬‬
‫تاتي األحرف الكبيرة دائما في أول الجملة‪ ,‬أو الفقرة ‪ ,‬ومع األلقاب واسماء المنظمات‬
‫واالختصارات واأليام واألشهر ‪ ,‬وأسماء الدول واللغات والجنسيات واألديان والمدن ‪ ,‬ومع‬
‫االتجاهات في األماكن والمناطق الجغرافية‪.‬‬
‫أشكال األخطاء على األغلب تكون‪:‬‬
‫‪-1‬تغيير شكل حرف في الكلمة ‪ ,‬مثال ( ‪ C‬بدل ‪)k‬‬
‫‪-2‬وجود نقص في حروف كلمة‬
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‫اضافة حرف على الكلمة‬-3
‫غالبا ما يكون الخطأ األول حرف صغير‬-4
The / a / an ‫قد يكون خطأ في استخدام‬-5
‫قد يكون هنالك خطأ قواعدي‬-6
‫قد يكون خطأ في عالمات الترقيم‬-7
Irregular Verbs
Present
Meaning
Past
P.p
Awake
‫يوقظ‬
Awoke
Awoken
Bear
‫تلد‬
Bore
Born
Bear
‫يتحمل‬
Bore
Borne
Become
‫يصبح‬
Became
Become
Begin
‫يبدأ‬
Began
Begun
Blow
‫يفجر – يعصف‬
Blew
Blown
Box
‫يالكم – يعبيء‬
Boxed
Boxed
Break
‫يكسر‬
Broke
Broken
Bring
‫يحضر‬
Brought
Brought
Build
‫يبني‬
Built
Built
Buy
‫يشتري‬
Bought
Bought
Carry
‫يحمل‬
Carried
Carried
Catch
‫يمسك – يصطاد‬
Caught
Caught
Choose
‫يختار‬
Chose
Chosen
Come
‫يأتي‬
Came
Come
Copy
‫ينسخ‬
Copied
Copied
Cost
‫يكلف‬
Cost
Cost
Cut
‫يقطع‬
Cut
Cut
Dig
‫يحفر‬
Dug
Dug
Do
‫يفعل‬
Did
Done
Draw
‫يرسم – يسحب‬
Drew
Drawn
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Dream
‫يحلم‬
Dreamt
Dreamt
Drink
‫يشرب‬
Drank
Drunk
Drive
‫يقود‬
Drove
Driven
Drop
‫يسقط‬
Dropped
Dropped
Eat
‫يأكل‬
Ate
Eaten
Fall
‫يقع‬
Fell
Fallen
Feed
‫يطعم‬
Fed
Fed
Feel
‫يشعر‬
Felt
Felt
Fight
‫يحارب‬
Fought
Fought
Find
‫يجد‬
Found
Found
Fly
‫يطير‬
Flew
Flown
Forget
‫ينسي‬
Forgot
Forgotten
Get
‫يحصل – ينال‬
Got
Gotten
Give
‫يعطي‬
Gave
Given
Go
‫يذهب‬
Went
Gone
Grow
‫يزرع – ينمو‬
Grew
Grown
Hear
‫يسمع‬
Heard
Heard
Hide
‫يختبيء – يخفي‬
Hid
Hidden
Hit
‫يضرب‬
Hit
Hit
Hold
‫يمسك‬
Held
Held
Hurt
‫يؤذي – يؤلم‬
Hurt
Hurt
Keep
‫يحافظ‬
Kept
Kept
Know
‫يعرف‬
Knew
Known
Lay
‫يضع‬
Laid
Laid
Learn
‫يتعلم‬
Learnt
Learnt
Leave
‫يترك‬
Left
Left
Let
‫يسمح – يدع‬
Let
Let
Lie
‫يتمدد – يرقد‬
Lay
Lain
Light
‫يضيء – يشعل‬
Lit
Lit
Lose
‫يفقد‬
Lost
Lost
Make
‫يصنع‬
Made
Made
Mean
‫يعني‬
Meant
Meant
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Meet
‫يقابل‬
Met
Met
Pay
‫يدفع‬
Paid
Paid
Put
‫يضع‬
Put
Put
Ride
‫يركب‬
Rode
Ridden
Run
‫يجري‬
Ran
Run
Say
‫يقول‬
Said
Said
See
‫يري‬
Saw
Seen
Sell
‫يبيع‬
Sold
Sold
Send
‫يرسل‬
Sent
Sent
Set
‫تغرب – يضبط‬
Set
Set
Shake
‫يصافح‬
Shook
Shaken
Shoot
‫يطلق النار‬
Shot
Shot
Sing
‫يغني‬
Sang
Sung
Sleep
‫ينام‬
Slept
slept
Smell
‫يشم‬
Smelt
Smelt
Speak
‫يتكلم‬
Spoke
Spoken
Spend
‫يقضي – يصرف‬
Spent
Spent
Stand
‫يقف‬
Stood
Stood
Stick
‫يلصق‬
Stuck
Stuck
Swim
‫يسبح‬
Swam
Swum
Take
‫يأخذ‬
Took
Taken
Teach
‫يعلم‬
Taught
Taught
Tell
‫يخبر‬
Told
Told
Think
‫يظن‬
Thought
Thought
Throw
‫يرمي‬
Threw
Thrown
Wake
‫يوقظ‬
Woke
Woken
Wear
‫يرتدي‬
Wore
Worn
Win
‫يفوز‬
Won
Won
Write
‫يكتب‬
Wrote
Written
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Module 1 Starting Out
Unit1 : Information Technology
Vocabulary: the history of computers
Word
Calculation
computer ship
floppy disk
Pc
Program
Programme
Smartphone
Meaning in English Meaning in Arabic
‫عملية حسابية‬
a way of using
numbers in order
to find out an
amount.
‫رقاقة حاسوب‬
a very small piece
found inside
every computer.
‫القرص المرن‬
a flexible,
removable
magnetic
disk that stores
computer
information.
‫الحاسوب الشخصي‬
a computer
designed for one
person to use.
‫برنامج حاسوب‬
a set of instructions
enabling a
computer to
function
‫برنامج على اإلذاعة او التلفاز‬
content which is
intended to be
listened to on radio
or watched on
television
‫الهاتف الذكي‬
a mobile phone that
connects to
the internet.
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World Wide Web
rely on
all the information
shared by
computers through
the internet.
to have trust or
confidence in
something or
someone
‫شبكة الويب العالمية‬
‫يعتمد على‬
THE HISTORY OF COMPUTERS
When you are using a computer, think about the technology
that is needed for it to work. People have been using types of
computers for thousands of years. A metal machine was found
on the seabed in Greece that was more than 2.000 years old. It
is believed that this was the first ever computer.
‫ فالناس ال‬,‫ فكر في التكنولوجيا التًي يحتاجها ليعمل‬,‫عندما تستخدم الحاسوب‬
‫يزالون ٌستخدمون الحواسيب منذ اآلف السنين وقد تم إيجاد آلة معدنية فًي قاع البحر في‬
.‫ ومن المعتقد بأنها كانت أول حاسوب على اإلطالق‬.‫اليونان يزيد عمرها عن ألفًي عام‬
In the 1940s, technology had developed enough for inventors to
make the first generation of modern computers. One such
model was so large that it needed a room that was 167 square
meters to accommodate it. During that decade, scientists in
England developed the first computer program. It took 25
minutes to complete one calculation. In 1958 CE, the computer
chip was developed.
‫ تطورت التكنلوجيا بشكل كاف للمخترعين لصنع الجيل األول من الحواسيب‬,‫وفي األربعينات‬
‫متر مربع ليوضع‬167 ‫ واحتاج الى غرفة مساحتها‬.‫ واحدى هذه النماذج كان كبيرا جدا‬.‫الحديثة‬
‫ دقيقة التمام‬25 ‫ احتاج الى‬,‫ طور العلماء في انجلترا اول برنامج حاسوب‬,‫ خالل ذلك العقد‬.‫فيها‬
.‫ تم تطوير رقاقة الحاسوب‬,‫ م‬1968 ‫عملية حسابية واحدة وفي عام‬
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The first computer game was produced in 1962 CE, followed
two year later by the computer mouse. In 1971 CE, the floppy
disk was invented, which meant that information could be
shared between computers. The first PC (personal computer)
was produced in 1974 CE, so people could buy computers to
use at home.
‫ وفي عام‬.‫واتبعت بعها بعامين فأرة الكمبيوتر‬,‫م تم انتاج أول لعبة كمبيوتر‬1962 ‫وفي عام‬
‫وفي عام‬.‫م تم اختراع القرص المرن مما عنى امكانية مشاركة المعلومات بين الحواسيب‬1971
.‫ لذا تمكن الناس من شراء الحواسيب لتستخدم في البيت‬, ‫ تم انتاج أول حاسوب شخصي‬,‫م‬1974
In 1983 CE, people could buy a laptop for the first time. Then, in
1990 CE, the British scientist Tim Berners-Lee developed the
World Wide Web. It was not until 2007 CE that the first smart
phones appeared. Today, most people use their mobile phones
every day.
,‫م‬1990 ‫ في عام‬, ‫ وبعدها‬. ‫ استطاع الناس شراء الحاسوب المحمول ألول مرة‬,1983 ‫في عام‬
‫ حتى‬2007 ‫ لم يكن حتى عام‬.‫طور العالم البريطاني تيم بيرنرز لي شبكة الحاسوب العالمية‬
.‫ معظم الناس يستخدمون هواتفهم الخلوية كل يوم‬,‫ اليوم‬. ‫ظهرت أول الهواتف الذكية‬
What will happen in the future? You can already buy watches
which can do the same as mobile phones. Scientists have also
developed glasses that are capable of doing even more than
this.
‫ماذا سيحدث في المستقبل ؟ يمكنك شراء ساعات يد والتي يمكن ان تقوم بنفس ما تقوم به الهواتف‬
.‫ وقد طور العلماء أيضا نظارات يمكنها أن تقوم بنفس المهمة واكثر من ذلك‬. ‫المحمولة‬
Life in the future is going to see further changes in computer
technology. It is likely that all aspects of everyday life will rely
on a computer program, from how we travel to how our homes
are heated.
‫ ومن المحتمل بأن كل مظاهر الحياة‬.‫ستشهد الحياة في المستقبل تغيرات أكثر في تكنلوجيا الحاسوب‬
.‫ من حيث كيفية السفر الى كيفية تدفئة بيوتنا‬,‫اليومية ستعتمد على برنامج الحاسوب‬
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Answer the following questions about the article.
1. According to the text, how old is the world’s oldest computer?
‫وفقا للنص كم يبلغ عمر اقدم حاسوب في العالم؟‬
It could be more than 2,000years old
2. Where was the first ever computer found?
‫أين وجد أول كمبيوتر؟‬
It was found on the seabed in Greece
3. What information in the text shows that the first modern
computers were very large?
‫ماهي المعلومات التي في النص التي تعرض بأن أول الحواسيب الحديثة كانت كبيرة جدا؟‬
A very large room was needed to keep the computers in; the
room was 167 square meters
4. There are many inventions that were completed between
1958 CE and 1974 CE. Write them down.
‫ اكتبهم‬. 1974 ‫ و العام‬1958 ‫هنالك العديد من االختراعات التي اكتملت بين عام‬
The computer chip / the first computer game / the computer
mouse /The floppy disk / the first personal computer.
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5-Find a phrasal verb in the last paragraph which means
“confidence in something or someone”.
‫جد شبه جمله فعليه في الفقرة األخيرة والتي تعني الثقه في شيء ما او شخص ما‬
Rely on
6. Who developed the World Wide Web? And when?
‫من طور شبكة الويب العالمية ومتى؟‬
The British scientist Tim Berners-Lee, in 1990 CE.
7. According to the text, the writer states that the life in the
future is going to see further changes in computer
technology. Explain this statement, justifying your answer?
.‫يخبر الكاتب بأن الحياة في المستقبل ستشهد تغيرات ابعد في تكنلوجيا الحاسوب‬,‫وفقا للنص‬
.‫اشرح هذه الجمله وبرر اجابتك‬
It is likely that all aspects of everyday life will rely on a
computer program, from how we travel to how our homes
are heated.
8. What is the purpose of invention the floppy disk?
‫ماهو الغرض من إختراع القرص المرن‬
That information could be shared between computers.
9. Quite the sentence which indicates that computer
technology will develop further in the future.
.‫إقبس جملة والتي تشير إلى أن تكنولوجيا الحاسوب ستتطورإلى حد أبعد في المستقبل‬
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Life in the future is going to see further changes in
computer technology
Critical thinking
There are many advantages and disadvantages of having
laptop computer, tablet computers or smart phones. Think
of this statement and, in two sentences, write down your
point of view.
.‫ حواسيب لوحية أو هواتف ذكية‬،‫هناك العديد من حسنات وسيئات إمتالك حاسوب محمول‬
.‫ وفي جملتين أكتب وجهة نظرك‬،‫ الجملة‬.‫فكر في هذه‬
In my point of view, I think the advantages are that they are
light, portable and convenient but the disadvantages are
that people use them all the time and then don’t speak to
people face to face.
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Vocabulary: Using technology in class
The word
Blog
Meaning in
English
Meaning in
Arabic
a regularly
updated personal
website or web
page, usually
written in an
informal style.
a series of emails
between two
or more people,
each email
generally a reply to
the previous
one
social interaction
between
people and
communities on
websites or blogs
‫مدونة صفحة شخصية على‬
‫اإلنترنت‬
Tablet computer
a mobile computer,
with a touch
screen, processor
and battery all in
one unit
‫الكمبيوتر اللوحي‬
White board
a touch screen
computer program
that enables you to
draw sketches,
write and
present ideas and
talks to colleagues
or students
‫اللوح االبيض الذكي‬
Email exchange
Social media
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‫تبادل االيميالت‬
‫وسائل التواصل االجتماعي‬
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Post
to put a message
or document on
the Internet so
that other people
can see it
‫نشر رساله او ملف على‬
‫االنترنت‬
web-building
program
a software that
helps you to
create a website
‫برنامج النشاء المواقع‬
‫االكترونيه‬
web hosting
Business of
hosting, serving
and maintaining
files for one or
more websites.
‫استضافة المواقع‬
‫االلكترونيه‬
c
Using technology in class
‫إستخدام التكنولوجيا فًي الصف‬
Young people love learning, but they like learning even
more if they are presented with information in an
interesting and challenging way. Today, I am going to give
a talk about how you can use technology in Jordanian
classrooms.
‫ لكن يحبون التعلم أكثر إذا قِدمت لهم المعلومات بطريقة مثيرة لالهتمام‬،‫يحب الشباب التعلم‬
.‫والتحدي ساتحدث اليوم عن كيفية إستخدام التكنولوجيا في الغرف الصفية األردنية‬
here are some ideas
Many classrooms now use a whiteboard as a computer
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screen. As a consequence, teachers can show websites on
the board in front of the class.
Teachers can then use the internet to show educational
programs, play educational games, music, recordings of
languages, and so on.
،‫ ونتيجة لذلك‬.‫تستخدم اآلن العديد من الغرف الصفية اللوح األبيض (الذكي) كشاشة كمبيوتر‬
ٌ
‫ ويمكنهم بعدها إستخدام‬.‫يستطيع المعلمون عرض مواقع اإلنترنت على اللوح أمام الطالب‬
‫ وتسجيالت‬،‫ وتشغيل الموسيقى‬،‫ وتشغيل ألعاب تعليمية‬،‫اإلنترنت لعرض البرامج التعليمية‬
.‫لغوية وغيرها‬
In some countries, tablet computers are available for
students to use in class. Therefore, students can use the
tablets to do tasks such as showing photographs,
researching information, recording interviews and creating
diagrams. Tablets are ideal for pair and group work.
‫ يمكن‬،‫ لذلك‬.‫ فان الحواسيب اللوحية متوفرة للطالب إلستخدامها في الصف‬،‫في بعض الدول‬
‫ والبحث عن‬،‫للطالب أن يستخدموا الحواسيب اللوحية للقيام بالمهام كعرض الصور‬
‫ فالحواسيب اللوحية مثالية للعمل‬،‫ تسجيل المقابالت وإنشاء جداول الرسم البياني‬،‫المعلومات‬
.‫الفردي والجماعي‬
Teachers can perhaps ask their students to start writing a
blog (an online diary); either about their own lives or as if
they were someone famous. They can also create a
website for the classroom. Students can contribute to the
website, so for example they can post work, photos and
messages.
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‫ربما يستطيع المعلمون أن يطلبوا من طالبهم البدء بكتابة مدونة (يوميات على اإلنترنت) إما‬
‫عن حياتهم الخاصة أو كما لو كانوا أشخاص مشهورين‪ .‬ويمكنهم كذلك إنشاء موقع على‬
‫اإلنترنت للغرفة الصفية‪ .‬ويمكن للطالب المساهمة في الموقع‪ ،‬مثال يمكنهم نشر أعمالهم‪،‬‬
‫الصور والرسائل‪.‬‬
‫‪Most young people communicate through social media, by‬‬
‫‪which they send each other photos and messages via the‬‬
‫‪internet. Some students like to send messages that are‬‬
‫‪under 140 letters for anyone to read. Teachers can ask‬‬
‫‪students to summarise information about what they have‬‬
‫‪learnt in class in the same way. If students learn to‬‬
‫‪summarise quickly, they will be able to use this skill in‬‬
‫‪future.‬‬
‫يتواصل معظم الشباب عبر وسائل التواصل اإلجتماعية‪ ،‬والتًي عن طريقها يرسلون لبعضهم‬
‫الصور والرسائل عبر اإلنترنت‪ ،‬يحب بعض الطالب أن يرسلوا الرسائل التًي تكون من‬
‫ٌ‬
‫يستطيع المعلمون أن يطلبوا من طالبهم تلخيص‬
‫‪ 140‬حرف ألي شخص ليقرأها‪ .‬و‬
‫المعلومات التي تعلموها في الصف بنفس الطريقة‪ .‬إذا تعلم الطالب التلخيص بسرعة‪ ،‬فإنهم‬
‫سيكونوا قادرين على إستخدام هذه المهارة في المستقبل‪.‬‬
‫‪We all like to send emails, don’t we? Email exchanges are‬‬
‫‪very useful in the classroom. Teachers can ask students to‬‬
‫‪email what they have learnt to students of a similar age at‬‬
‫‪another school. They could even email students in another‬‬
‫‪country. As a result, students can then share information‬‬
‫‪and help each other with tasks.‬‬
‫كلنا نحب إرسال البريد اإللكتروني‪ ،‬أليس كذلك؟ تبادل البريد اإللكتروني مفيد جدا ً في غرفة‬
‫الصف‪ .‬يستطيع المعلمون أن يطلبوا من الطالب إرسال ما تعلموا لطالب من نفس العمر في‬
‫مدارس أخرى‪.‬ويمكنهم إرسال بريد لطالب في دول أخرى‪ .‬ونتيجةً لذلك‪ ،‬يستطيع الطالب‬
‫بعدها مشاركة المعلومات ومساعدة بعضهم البعض بأداء هذه المهام‪.‬‬
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Another way of communicating with other schools is
through talking to people over the computer. Most
computers have cameras, so you can also see the people
you are talking to. In this way, students who are studying
English in Jordan can see what students in England are
doing in the classroom while they are speaking to them.
You can also use this system to invite guest speakers to
give talks over a computer. For example, scientists or
teachers from another country could give a lesson to the
class. If you had this type of lesson, the students would be
very excited.
‫طريقة أخرى للتواصل مع المدارس األخرى من خالل التحدث إلى أناس عبر جهاز‬
،‫ لذا يمكنك كذلك رؤية الناس الذٌين تتحدث إليهم‬،‫ ومعظم الحواسيب لديها كاميرات‬.‫الحاسوب‬
‫وبهذه الطريقة يستطيع الطالب الذين يدرسون اللغه اإلنجيلزية في األردن رؤية الطالب فًي‬
‫ ويمكنك أٌيضا ً إستخدام هذا النظام‬.‫إنجلترا ما يفعلونه في الغرفة الصفية بينما يتكلمون إليهم‬
‫ مثال بإمكان العلماء أو‬،‫لدعوة المتحديثن الضيوف إلعطاء محاضرات عبر جهاز الحاسوب‬
‫ فان‬،‫ فإذا كان لديك هذا النوع من الدروس‬.‫المعلمون من دول أخرى إعطاء درس للصف‬
.ً ‫الطالب سكيونوا متحمسين جدا‬
Students often use computers at home if they have them.
Students can use social media on their computers to help
them with their studies. Including asking other students to
check and compare their work, asking questions or
sharing ideas. The teacher must be part of the group, too,
to monitor what is happening.
Thank you for listening. Does anyone have any questions?
‫ ويمكنهم من إستخدام وسائل التواصل‬.‫يستخدم الطالب الحواسيب غالبا ً إذا كان لديهم‬
‫ وتضم كذلك أن يسألوا طالب آخرين‬.‫األجتماعي على حواسيبهم لمساعدتهم في دراستهم‬
‫ المعلم يجب أن يكون‬.‫ وأٌيضا طرح األسئلة ومشاركة األفكار‬،‫لفحص وممارسة أعمالهم‬
‫ هل لديكم اية أسئلة؟‬.‫جزءا ً من هذه المجموعة لمراقبة ما يحدث شكرا ً لالستماع‬
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Answer the following questions about the article.
1. Young people love learning, in what way they like
learning even more?
‫ بأٌي طريقة يحبون التعلم أكثر؟‬،‫الشباب يحبون التعلم‬
If they are presented with information in an interesting and
challenging way.
2. Teachers can use the internet for many purposes. Write
down them
‫المعلمون يمكن أن يستخدموا األنترنت لعدة أغراض؟ أكتبهم‬
Show educational programs, play educational games,
music and recordings of languages.
3. Students can use the tablets for many purposes. Write
down them.
.‫الطالب يمكن أن يستخدموا الحاسوب اللوحي لعدة أغراض؟ أكتبهم‬
Showing photographs, researching information, recording
interviews and creating diagrams.
4. Teachers can ask their students to start writing a blog in
two ways. Write these two ways down.
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‫ أكتب هاتين الطريقتين‬.‫المعلمون يمكن أن يطلبوا من طالبهم البدء بكتابة مدونة في طريقتين‬
Either about their own lives or as if they were someone
famous.
5. Give an examples about how can students contribute to
the website?
‫أعط أمثلة حول كيفية إمكان الطالب أن يساهموا في مواقع اإلنترنت؟‬
They can post work, photos and messages
6. Write down the sentence which acts as an introduction?
‫أكتب في األسفل الجملة التي تمثل المقدمة؟‬
Young people love learning, but they like learning even
more if they are presented with information in an
interesting and challenging way.
7. Write the sentence which tells you what the talk is going
to be about?
‫أكتب الجملة التًي تخبرك عن ماذا تحدث المحاضرة؟‬
Today, I am going to give a talk about how you can use
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technology in Jordanian classrooms.
8. Write down two sentences which end the talk?
‫أكتب في االسفل جملتين والتي أنهتا المحاضرة؟‬
Thank you for listening. Does anyone have any questions?
9. Explain the difference in meaning between these
phrases “to share” and “compare idea”.
."‫إشرح الفرق في المعنى بين أشباه الجمل " تشارك األفكار وتبادل األفكار‬
Share ideas: to give your ideas to another person or to a
group.
Compare ideas: where two or more people consider how
their ideas are similar or different.
(Student’s Book p.9)
Explain the different in meaning between these phrases
from the article
The phrase
Share ideas
Meaning in
English
To give your
ideas to another
person or to a
group.
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Meaning in
Arabic
‫تشارك االفكار‬
www.alawaben.com
Compare ideas
Create a website
Contribute to a
website
Research
information
Where two or
more people
consider how
their ideas are
similar or
different.
To construct a
website that
currently does
not exist.
Offer your
writing and work
to a website
To use a verity of
sources to find
the information
you need.
Present
information
To give the
results of your
research in a
presentation.
Monitor what is
happening
You know what is
happening and
you are following
the
developments.
You don’t know
what is
happening and
you want to
discover it.
Find out what is
happening
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‫تبادل االفكار‬
‫انشاء موقع على شبكة‬
‫االنترنت‬
‫المساهمة في موقع على‬
‫االنترنت‬
‫البحث عن معلومات‬
‫تقديم معلومات‬
‫مراقبة ما يحدث‬
‫معرفة ما يحدث‬
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Give a talk to
people
You have
prepared a
speech and you
are
giving this
speech to a
group of people
who are
expecting it.
Talk to people
An informal
discussion
You show people
photos that you
have in person.
‫التحدث مع الناس‬
You send photos
to someone over
the
Internet or by
post.
‫ارسال الصور‬
Show photos
Send photos
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‫القاء محاضرة على الناس‬
‫عرض الصور‬
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Vocabulary: The Internet of Things
THE WORD
MEANING IN
ENGLISH
Access
to find
information,
especially on a
computer.
a program that
checks whether
certain content
on a web page
should be
displayed to the
viewer
illegal actions
using the identity
of
someone else,
normally to buy
things.
controls available
on social
networking sites
which let you
decide who can
see what
information.
Filter
Identity fraud
Privacy settings
Security settings
control available
on computer
programs which
let you protect
your computer
from viruses.
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MEANING IN
ARABIC
‫الوصول الى المعلومات‬
)‫برنامج تصفية( فلترة‬
‫انتحال الهوية الشخصية‬
‫اعدادات الخصوصيه‬
‫اعدادات األمان‬
www.alawaben.com
User
a person who
uses a product or
service,
especially a
computer or
another machine.
‫مستخدم‬
THE INTERNET OF THINGS
‫انترنت األشياء‬
A- What is the "Internet of Things‟?
Everyone knows that the internet connects people, but now
it does more than that – it connects objects, too. These
days, computers often communicate with each other; for
example, your TV automatically downloads your favourite
TV show, or your 'sat nav' system tells you where you are.
This is known as the 'Internet of Things', and there's a lot
more to come.
‫ما هو إنترنت األشٌياء؟‬
‫ إنه‬-‫ لكنه اآلن يقوم بأكثر من ذلك‬،‫كل واحد منا يعرف أن االنترنت يربط الناس ببعضهم‬
،‫مثال‬, ‫ الحواسيب غالبا ً تتصل مع بعضها البعض‬،‫ وفي هذه األٌيام‬.ً ‫يربط بين األشياء أٌيضا‬
‫ وهذا‬.‫ أو أن نظام المالحة الفضائي يخبرك أٌين أنت‬،‫يقوم تلفازك بتحيمل عروضك المفضلة‬
.‫ وهناك المزيد ليأتي‬،‫ما يعرف بإنترنت األشياء‬
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B- An easy life!
In just a few years' time, experts say that billions of
machines will be connected to each other and to the
internet. As a consequence, computers will increasingly
run our lives for us. For example, your fridge will know
when you need more milk and add it to your online
shopping list, your windows will close if it is likely to rain;
your watch will record your heart rate and email your
doctor; and your sofa will tell you when you need to stand
up and get some exercise!
!‫حياة سهلة‬
‫ يقول الخبراء بأن باليين من األجهزة ستكون مرتبطة مع بعضها‬،‫في السنوات القليلة المقبلة‬
.‫ فان الحواسيب وبشكل متزايد ستقوم بإدارة حياتنا لنا‬،‫ ونتيجةً لذلك‬.‫البعض ومع األنترنت‬
‫مثال ستعرف ثالجتك عندما تحتاج المزيد من الحليب وتضيفة لك على قائمة التسوق‬
‫ وستقوم ساعتك بتسجيل‬.‫ وستغلق نوافذك إذا كان هناك إحتمال لسقوط المطر‬،‫اإللكترونية‬
‫ وستخبرك أريكتك عندما تحتاج للقيام والحصول على‬.‫معدل نبضات قلبك وتراسل طبيبك‬
.‫بعض التمارين‬
C- A frightening future.
Many people are excited about the 'Internet of Things'. For
them, a dream is coming true. They say that our lives will
be easier and more comfortable. However, others are not
so sure. They want to keep control of their own lives and
their own things. In addition, they wonder what would
happen if criminals managed to access their passwords
and security settings. The dream could easily become a
nightmare!
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‫مستقبل مخيف‬
‫العديد من الناس يشعرون باإلثارة حول إنترنت األشياء‪ .‬وبالنسبة لهم الحلم القادم يتحقق‪.‬‬
‫ويقولون بأن حياتهم ستكون أكثرسهولٍة وراحة‪ .‬ومع ذلك فان آخرون غير متأكدين‪ .‬يريدون‬
‫أن يبقوا مسيطرين على حياتهم وأشيائهم الخاصة‪ .‬باألضافة إلى ذلك‪ ،‬فانهم يتساءلون ما‬
‫الذي سيحدث أذا تمكن المجرمون من الدخول إلى كلماتهم السرية وأعدادات األمان الخاصة‬
‫بهم‪ .‬فان الحلم بسهولة يمكن أن ٌيصبح كابوسا ً‪.‬‬
‫‪Answer the following questions about the article.‬‬
‫‪1. What does the „internet of things‟ mean? Give an‬‬
‫‪example from the text.‬‬
‫ماذا نعني بإنترنت األشياء؟ أعط مثاالً من النص‬
‫‪It means the connections between different computers.‬‬
‫‪Examples from the text are TV downloads and sat nav.‬‬
‫‟‪2. According to the text, how will the „internet of things‬‬
‫?‪help you to keep fit‬‬
‫وفقا ً للنص‪ ،‬كيف سيساعدك إنترنت األشياء لتكن الئقا صحياً؟‬
‫‪The sofa will tell you when to get some exercise.‬‬
‫‪3. Find a word in the first paragraph which has the same‬‬
‫‪meaning as “speak to‟.‬‬
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‫جد كلمة في الفقرة األولى والتي لها نفس معنى" يتكلم مع"؟‬
Communicate.
4. What does the word "others‟ in bold in the third
paragraph refer to?
‫على ماذا تعود الكلمة في اللون الغامق في الفقرة الثالثة؟‬
Other people with a different opinion
4. According to the text, why are some people excited about
the future? Why are others worried?
‫ لماذا بعض الناس يشعرون باإلثارة حول المستقبل؟ وآخرين قلقين؟‬،‫وفقا ً للنص‬
Some people are excited because they think their lives will
be made easier and more comfortable. Others are worried
because they want to keep control of their own lives and
their own things
6. According to the text, many people are not excited about
the internet of things for two reasons. Write down two of
these reasons.
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‫ أكتب هذين‬.‫ العديد من الناس ال يشعرون باإلثارة حول إنترنت األشياء لسببين‬،‫وفقا ً للنص‬
‫السببين؟‬
A. they want to keep control of their own lives and their
own things.
B. they wonder what would happen if criminals managed to
access their passwords
and security settings
7. According to the text, the writer thinks that in just a few.
Years‟ time, experts say that billions of machines will be
connected to each other and to the internet. Explain this
statement, justifying your answer?
‫ يقول الخبراء بأن باليين من األجهزة‬،‫ يعتقد الكاتب أنه في السنوات القليلة المقبلة‬،‫وفقا ً للنص‬
‫ مبررا ً إجابتك؟‬،‫إشرح هذه الجملة‬.‫ستكون مرتبطة مع بعضها البعض ومع االنترنت‬
Computers will increasingly run our lives for us. For
example, your fridge will know when you need more milk
and add it to your online shopping list
8. According to the text, give two examples of how
technology can keep us fit.
‫ أعط مثاال حول كيفية إمكان التكنولوجيا بأن نكون الئقين صحيا؟‬،‫وفقا ً للنص‬
Your watch will record your heart rate and email your
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doctor; and your sofa will tell you when you need to stand
up and get some exercise!
9. Write down the sentence that indicates a dream for many
people about the internet of things is real.
‫أكتب في األسفل الجملة التي تشير بان الحلم للعديد من الناس حول إنترنت األشياء هو‬
‫حقيقي؟‬
Many people are excited about the 'Internet of Things'. For
them, a dream is coming true.
10. In your opinion, is the "internet of things‟ exciting or
worrying? Why?
‫ هل إنترنت األشياء مثير أم مقلق؟ ولماذا؟‬،‫في رأٌيك‬
In my opinion, the internet of things makes an easy life
because it connects people and objects.
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Module Two: Health
Unit 2: A healthy life
Vocabulary: complementary medicine
The word
Acupuncture
ailment
Allergy
Arthritis
herbal remedy
Homoeopathy
Immunization
Meaning in
Meaning in
English
Arabic
‫الوخز باالبر‬
A form of
complementary
medicine which
uses thin needles
‫مرض‬
An illness or
disease which is
not very serious.
‫حساسيه‬
Conditions that
make you ill when
you eat , touch or
breath a particular
thing
‫التهاب مفاصل‬
A disease that
causes pain and
swelling in joints
‫التداوي باالعشاب‬
An extract or
mixture of a plant
used to prevent ,
alleviate , or cure
diseases
‫المعالجه باالعشاب‬
a system of
complementary
medicine in
which illness are
treated by minute
doses of
herbs and other
natural
substances.
‫ ابر اللقاح‬/‫التلقيح‬
Giving a drug
against illness
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Malaria
Migraine
Antibody
complementary
medicine
Conventional
Option
Practitioner
Skeptical
Viable
A dangerous
disease
transmitted by
mosquitoes
An extremely bad
headache
A substance
produced by the
body to fight
disease
A medical
treatment which
provides an
alternative to
scientific medical
practices
Having been used
for a long time and
is considered
usual
Something that is
or maybe chosen
someone who is
qualified or
registered to
practice a
particular
occupation or
profession
having doubts; not
easily convinced.
effective and able
to be successful.
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‫المالريا‬
‫ صداع نصفي‬/‫الشقيقه‬
‫الجسم المضاد‬
‫ الطب‬/‫الطب التكميلي‬
‫البديل‬
‫تقليدي‬
‫خيار‬
‫شخص مؤهل للمارسة‬
‫مهنه او مهارة‬
‫متشكك‬
‫ قابل للنجاح‬/‫قابل للتطبيق‬
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Complementary medicine: is it really a solution?
‫ هل هو حل واقعي‬:‫الطب التكميلي‬
Most doctors used to be sceptical about the validity of
homoeopathy, acupuncture and other forms of
complementary medicine. If patients wanted to receive this
kind of non-conventional treatment, they used to have to
consult a private practitioner who was likely not to have a
medical degree However, in recent years, the perception
of this type of treatment has changed. These days, many
family doctors study complementary medicine alongside
conventional treatments, and many complementary
medicine consultants also have medical degrees.
‫ الوخز‬,)‫اعتاد معظم األطباء بأن يكونو متشككين حول فعالية المعالجه المثليه( باألعشاب‬
‫ فإذا أراد المرضى الحصول على هذا‬,)‫باالبر وأشكال أخرى من الطب التكميلي (البديل‬
‫ ومن المحتمل‬,‫ فإنه يجب عليهم استشارة ممارس خاص‬,‫النوع من المعالجة الغير تقليديه‬
‫ ادراك مفهوم هذا النوع من‬,‫ في السنوات األخيرة‬,‫ على أية حال‬.‫ليس لديه شهاده في الطب‬
‫ العديد من أطباء األسرة يدرسون الطب التكميلي جنبا الى جنب‬,‫هذه األيام‬,‫المعالجة قد تغير‬
.‫ والعديد من مستشارون الطب التكميلي لديهم شهادات طبيه‬,‫المعالجات التقليديه‬
Whereas critics used to say that there was no
scientific evidence that non-conventional treatments
actually worked, now it is more common for medical
experts to recognise that conventional medicine may not
always be the only way to treat an ailment.
‫بينما أن النقاد أعتادوا على قول أنه ليس هناك دليل علمي بأن المعالجات الغير تقليدية تعمل‬
‫ وأنه اآلن أكثر شيوعا ً بالنسبة للخبراء الطبيون بإدراك أن الطب التقليدي قد ال يكون‬،‫بالواقع‬
.‫دائما ً الطريقة الوحيدة لمعالجة المرض‬
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At a surgery in London, 70 per cent of patients who were
offered the choice between a herbal or a conventional
medicine for common complaints such as insomnia,
arthritis and migraines chose the herbal remedy. Fifty per
cent of patients then said that the treatment helped. One
doctor said, “I now consider homoeopathy to be a viable
option for many different conditions, including anxiety,
depression and certain allergies. It provides another option
when conventional medicine does not address the problem
adequately.
‫ بالمئة من المرضى الذين عرض عليهم األختيار بين‬70 ،‫في إحدى العيادات في لندن‬
‫ التهاب المفاصل والشقيقة‬,‫ لشكاوي شائعة مثل األرق‬،‫العالج باألعشاب أو الطب التقليدي‬
‫ قال‬.‫ بالمئه من المرضى قالو بأن العالج ساعدهم‬50 ‫ وبعدها‬.‫فاختاروا التداوي باألعشاب‬
‫أحد األطباء"اعتبر اآلن بان المعالجة المثلية هي خيارا قابال للتطبيق للعديد من الحاالت‬
‫ فهي تعطي خيارا‬.‫ التي تشمل القلق واالكتئاب وأنواع معينه من الحساسيه‬,‫المختلفه‬
.‫آخرعندما ال يحل الطب التقليدي المشكله على نحو كاف‬
However, complementary medicine cannot be used for all
medical treatments. It can never substitute for
immunisations as it will not produce the antibodies needed
to protect against childhood diseases. It also cannot be
used to protect against malaria.
‫ ال يمكن أن‬.‫ إن الطب التكميلي ال يمكن أن يستخدم في جميع المعالجات الطبية‬،‫على أٌية حال‬
‫كما أنها لن تنتج األجسام المضادة التي يحتاجها الجسم‬، )‫يكون بديالً عن التلقيح (التطعيم‬
.‫ كذلك ال يمكن أن يستخدم للحماية من المالريا‬،‫لحمايتة ضد أمراض الطفولة‬
One doctor said, “I will always turn to conventional
medical treatment first to ensure that no underlying
condition is missed. However, the idea of complementary
treatments is no longer an alien concept. In my opinion, it
should work alongside modern medicine, and not against
it.
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‫ " سألجا دائما ً إلى المعالجة الطبية التقليدية أوالً للتأكد من أنه ليس هنا حالة‬،‫قال أحد األطباء‬
‫ في رأٌيي أنه‬.‫ فكرة المعالجات التكميلية لم تعد مفه ِوم غريب‬،‫ على أٌية حال‬.‫خفية تم إغفالها‬
.‫يجب العمل جنبا ً إلى جنب الطب الحديث وليس ضده‬
Answer the following questions about the article.
1 . The article suggests that people's perception of
complementary medicine has changed over time. Why do
you think this is the case?
‫ لماذا ذلك باعتقادك؟‬.‫تبين المقالة بأن مفهوم الناس عن الطب التكميلًي قد تغير بمرور الوقت‬
I think people’s opinions of complementary medicine might
have changed because of more information being freely
available on the internet. Additionally, more research may
have been done on the effects of complementary medicine
2. " Complementary treatments should work alongside
modern medicine, not against it.” Explain this statement in
two sentences, justifying your answer with examples from
the article
“ ‫ " إشرح هذه العبارة‬.‫ ولٌيس ضده‬،‫الطب التكميلًي يجب أن يعمل جنبا ً إلى جنب مع الطب الحديث‬
.‫ مبررا ً إجابتك بأمثلة من المقالة‬،‫في جملتٌين‬
The complementary medicine provides another option
when conventional medicine does not address the problem
adequately. For example, Fifty per cent of patients said that
the treatment helped
3. Complementary medicine has two forms. Write these two
forms down
‫ اكتب هذين الشكلين في األسفل‬,‫الطب التكميلي لديه شكالن‬
Homoeopathy and acupuncture.
4. If patients wanted to receive this kind of nonconventional treatment, what they have to do?
‫ ماذا يجب ان يفعلوا؟‬,‫اذا اراد المرضى تلقي هذا النوع من المعالجة الغير تقليديه‬
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They used to have to consult a private practitioner who
was likely not to have a medical degree.
5. Complementary medicine cannot be used for all medical
treatments for two reasons. Write these two reasons down.
‫ ما هما؟‬.‫الطب التكميلي ال يمكن استخدامه في جميع المعالجات الطبيه لسببين‬
A.It can never substitute for immunisations as it will not
produce the antibodies needed to protect against
childhood diseases.
B. It also cannot be used to protect against malaria.
6. According to the text, why complementary medicine
cannot be used as an immunisation?
‫ لماذا ال يمكن إستخدام الطب التكميلًي كلقاح (للتطعيم)؟‬،‫وفقا ً للنص‬
It will not produce the antibodies needed to protect against
childhood diseases.
7. There are common complaints for patients who were
offered the choice between a herbal and a conventional
medicine. Mention these complaints
‫هنان شكاوى شائعة بالنسبة للمرضى الذٌين عرض علٌيهم األخت ٌيار بين طب األعشاب والطب‬
.‫ أذكر هذه الشكاوى‬.‫التقليدي‬
Insomnia, arthritis and migraines
8. Many different conditions consider that homoeopathy to
be a suitable option. Mention these conditions.
.‫ أذكر هذه الحاالت‬.ً ‫العديد من الحاالت المختلفة تعتبر بأن العالج باألعشاب خيارا ً مناسبا‬
Anxiety, depression and certain allergies.
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9. Quote the sentence which indicates that complementary
medicine cannot be used in all treatments
‫إقتبس الجملة التًي تشير إلى أن الطب التكميلًي ال يمكن أن يستخدم في كل المعالجات‬
However, complementary medicine cannot be used for all
medical treatments.
10. Decide if these sentences are true or false. Correct the
false sentences
‫قرر إذا كانت هذه الجمل صحيحة أم خاطئة وصحح الخطأ‬
1 - Doctors and patients used not be convinced that
complementary forms of medicine work. /T/
2- Nowadays, many doctors study complementary forms of
treatment. /T/
3- At the surgery mentioned in the article, the majority of
patients found that the herbal
remedy did not help them. /F/ Fifty per cent of patients said it
helped.
4- Complementary medicine can work as a replacement for
immunisations or to treat
malaria. /F/ complementary medicine cannot be used for all
medical treatments
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Vocabulary: Are happier people healthier – and, if so,
why?
The word
Meaning in English
Feel blue
To feel sad
See red
Have the green light
To be angry
Out of the blue
apparently from
nowhere
.unexpectedly
in the act of doing
something wrong
something that
has cost a lot of
money
but has no useful
purpose
to start to be
successful
again after a
difficult
time
to direct your
attention or
effort at something
specific
Red-handed
White elephant
Bounce back
Focus on
to have or give
permission to go
ahead with
something to
happen.
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Meaning in
Arabic
‫يشعر بالحزن‬
‫يغضب‬
‫ يسمح‬/‫يعطي اإلذن‬
‫مفاجىء‬/‫غير متوقع‬
‫يرتكب خطأ‬
‫مكلف بدون فائده‬
‫النجاح بعد االخفاق‬
‫يستعيد قوته‬
‫يركز على‬
www.alawaben.com
Optimistic
Raise
Setback
believing that good
things will happen
in the
future.
a question to bring
up a problem or
cast doubt on
something
a problem that
delays or
stops progress, or
makes
a situation worse.
‫متفائل‬
‫يطرح سؤال‬
‫اخفاق‬
‫انتكاسه‬
Are happier people healthier – and, if so, why?
‫ اذا كان كذلك لماذا؟‬-‫هل الناس السعداء أكثر صحه‬
It’s normal to feel a bit blue from time to time. However,
studies show that negative emotions can harm the body.
‫ تبين الدراسات أن‬،‫ مع ذلك‬.‫من الطبيعي أن تشعر بالقليل من الحزن من حين إلى آخر‬
‫العواطف السلبيية يمكن أن تضر الجسم‬
Anger can also have harmful effects on health. When you
see red, your blood pressure is raised and you can suffer
from headaches, sleep problems and digestive problems.
However, what about positive feelings and attitudes? Until
recently, scientists had not investigated whether there is a
link between positive feelings and good health
‫ يرتفع ضغط الدم‬،‫ عندما تغضب‬.‫يمكن أن يكون للغضب أيضا ً تأثيرات ضارة على الصحة‬
،‫ على أٌية حال‬.‫لديك ويمكن أن تعاني من صداعات ومشاكل في النوم ومشاكل في الهضم‬
‫ لم يتحقق العلماء فيما إذا كان هناك صلة بين‬،ً‫ماذا عن المشاعر واإلتجاهات اإليجابية؟ حديثا‬
.‫المشاعر اإليجابية والصحة الجيدة‬
Then, in a study that had followed more than 6,000 men and
women aged25 to 74 for 20 years, researchers found that
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positivity reduced the risk of heart disease. Other factors
influencing health included a supportive network of family
and friends, and an optimistic outlook on life.
74-25 ‫ رجل وامرأة تراوحت أعمارهم بين ال‬6000 ‫ في دراسة تتبعت أكثر من‬،‫وبعد‬
‫ ومن‬.‫ وجد الباحثون أن اإليجابية خفضت خطر أمراض القلب‬،ً‫سنة لمدة عشرين عاما‬
‫العوامل األخرى التي تؤثر على الصحة شملت شبكة من العائلة واألصدقاء داعمة ونظرة‬
.‫متفائلة للحياة‬
The research showed that children who were more able to
stay focused on a task, and who had a more positive
attitude to life at age seven, were usually in better health
30 years later
‫وأظهرت األبحاث أن األطفال الذين كانوا أكثر قدرة على االستمرار في التركيز على‬
‫ كانوا عادة في حالة‬،‫ والذي كان له توجه أكثر إيجابية في الحياة في سن السابعة‬،‫المهمة‬
.‫ عاما‬30 ‫صحية أفضل بعد‬
The study has been controversial. Some health
professionals believe that bad lifestyle choices, such as
smoking or lack of exercise, are the reason for heart
disease and other illnesses, and not an individual’s
attitude. The researchers, while agreeing, raise the
question: why are people making bad lifestyle decisions?
Do more optimistic people make better and healthier
lifestyle choices?
‫ يعتقد بعض المختصين في الصحة بأن خيارات أسلوب الحياة السيئة‬.‫لقد كانت الدراسة جدلية‬
‫ وليس توجه‬،‫ هي السبب ألمراض القلب وأمراض اخرى‬،‫مثل التدخين أو قلة التمارين‬
‫ الباحثون وهم موافقون يسألون عن السبب الذي جعل الناس يتخذون قرارات في‬.‫فردي‬
‫ هل يقوم الناس األكثر تفاؤالً بإتخاذ خيارات أفضل وأسلوب حياة‬.‫أساليب الحياة السيئة‬
‫صحية؟‬
The researchers appreciate that not everyone’s personal
circumstances and environment make it possible to live
without worry. However, they believe that if we teach
children to develop positive thinking, and to „bounce back‟
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after a setback, these qualities will improve their overall
health in the future.
‫يقدر الباحثون أنه ليست الظروف الشخصية لكل شخص وبيئتة تجعالنة يعيش حياة بدون‬
‫ فانهم يعتقدون أنه إذا تمكنا من تعليم األطفال بأن يطوروا التفكير‬،‫ على أٌية حال‬.‫قلق‬
‫ فان هذه الصفات ستحسن كامل صحتهم في‬،‫اإليجابي وأن ال ينهاروا بعد كل إنتكاسة‬
‫المستقبل‬
Answer the following questions about the article.
1. What are the possible effects of anger and stress on
someone's health?
‫ما هي التأثيرات الممكنه للغضب والتوتر على صحة الشخص؟‬
They can raise blood pressure and cause headache, sleep
problems and digestive problems, as well as leading to
illnesses such as heart disease.
2. What is controversial about the researchers' study?
‫ما هو الجدل حول دراسة الباحثين؟‬
Many other researchers believe that bad lifestyle choices
are responsible for these problems and not individual’s
attitude.
3. What is your opinion of the researchers' findings?
‫ما رأيك بنتائج الباحثين؟‬
In my opinion I think that not everyone’s personal
circumstances and environment make it possible to live
without worry. However, if we teach children to develop
positive thinking, and to ‘bounce back’ after a setback,
these qualities will improve their overall health in the
future.
4. Are happier people more healthier and if so, why?
‫هل الناس السعداء أكثر صحة؟ اذا كان كذلك لماذا؟‬
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I think happier people are healthier than unhappy people.
They will do almost everything with an optimistic attitude.
Because of this, I think that they will make healthy, positive
decisions in life; for example, they will choose to eat well
and exercise more often
5. According to the text, the writer mentions two qualities that
will improve children's health in the future. Write these two
qualities down
‫ما هي الصفات التي ستحسن األطفال في المستقبل؟‬
If we teach children to develop positive thinking, and to
‘bounce back’ after a setback.
6. Some health professionals believe that bad lifestyle
choices are the reason for heart disease and other
illnesses. Write these bad lifestyle choices.
‫يعتقد بعض اخصائي الصحه أن خيارات أسلوب الحياة السيئه هي السبب ألمراض القلب‬
‫ اكتب خيارات أسلوب الحياة السيئه؟‬.‫وامراض أخرى‬
Such as smoking or lack of exercise
7.What does the underlined phrasal verb “feel a bit blue
“mean?
‫ماذا نعني بشيه الجمله الفعليه الذي تحته خط؟‬
to feel sad (sadness)
8. There are two things that can have harmful effects on
health? Write these two things down.
‫ اكتبهما؟‬.‫هناك شيئين يمكن أن يكون لهما آثار ضارة على الصحه‬
Negative emotions and anger.
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9. Quote the sentence which indicates that children who
had a positive attitude to life in a young age were in better
health
‫أقتبس الجملة التي تشير إلى أن األطفال الذٌين لديهم توجه إٌيجابي نحو الحياة في سن صغيرة كانوا‬
‫بصحة أفضل‬
The research showed that children who were more able to
stay focused on a task, and who had a more positive
attitude to life at age seven, were usually in better health
30 years later
10. Find a word in the last paragraph which means “start to
be successful again after a difficult time”.
‫جد كلمة في الفقرة األخيرة تعني النجاح بعد االخفاق‬
Bounce back.
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Vocabulary: Health in Jordan: A report
WORD
Meaning in English Meaning in
Arabic
commitment
a promise to do
something or
to behave in a
particular way.
the prevention or
treatment of
illness by
doctors, dentists,
psychologists,
etc.
the length of time
that a
person or animal
is expected
to live.
death, especially
on a large
scale (e.g. infant
mortality);
the rate of deaths
that occur
(mortality rate)
the common
opinion that
people have
about someone
or something.
to decrease in
quantity or
importance
Healthcare
life expectancy
Mortality
Reputation
Decline
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‫التزام‬
‫الرعايه الصحيه‬
‫العمر المتوقع للحياه‬
‫الوفيات‬
‫السمعه‬
‫ينخفض‬
www.alawaben.com
Sanitation
the system which
supply
water and deal
with human
waste
Dental
immunisation
Relating to teeth
infant mortality
work force
Giving a
substance to a
person (often by
needle) to
prevent them
from getting a
particular
disease
deaths amongst
babies or
very young
children
the people who
are able to
work
‫نظام الصرف الصحي‬
‫مرتبط باألسنان‬
‫تطعيم‬
‫وفيات المواليد‬
‫القوى العامله‬
Health in Jordan: A report
‫ الصحة في األردن‬:‫تقرير‬
Introduction
Health conditions in Jordan are among the best in the
Middle East. This is largely due to the country’s
commitment to making healthcare for all a top priority.
Advances in education, economic conditions, sanitation,
clean water, diet and housing have made our community
healthier
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‫مقدمة‬
‫ هذا وبشكل أكبر نتيجة‬.‫تعتبر الظروف الصحية في األردن من األفضل في الشرق األوسط‬
‫ التقدم في التعليم والظروف‬.‫إللتزام الدولة بجعل الرعاية الص ًحية للجميع أولوية قصوى‬
‫اإلقتصادية والصرف الص ًحي والماء النظيف والحمية واإلسكان جعل مجتمعنا أكثر صحة‬
A. Healthcare centers
As a result of careful planning, the number of healthcare
services has been increasing rapidly over the past years.
More than 800 different kinds of healthcare centers have
been built, as well as 188 dental clinics. In2012 CE, 98 per
cent of Jordanian children were fully immunised, thanks to
immunisation teams that had been working towards this
goal for several years.
Although there were remote areas of the country where
people had been without consistent access to electricity
and safe water, almost 99 per cent of the country’s
population now has access
‫مراكز الرعاية الصحية‬
‫ فان عدد خدمات الرعاية الصحية تزايدت بشكل سريع ففي‬،‫وكنتيجة للتخطيط الحكيم‬
‫ باالضافة الى‬,‫ نوع من مراكز الرعاية الصحية تم بناؤها‬800 ‫وأكثر من‬. ‫السنوات األخيرة‬
‫ بالمئة من األطفال األردنيين تم تطعيمهم‬98 ,2012 ‫ في عام‬.‫ عيادة لطب األسنان‬188
‫بشكل تام بفضل فرق التطعيم والتي عملت على هذا الهدف لعدة سنوات على الرغم من‬
‫ تقريبا‬,‫ حيث كان الناس بدون اتصال بالكهرباء والمياه اآلمنة‬,‫وجود مناطق نائية في الدولة‬
.‫ بالمائة من سكان الدولة موصولون االن‬99
.
B. hospitals
Although the country has been focusing mainly on
improving its primary healthcare facilities, it has not
neglected its advanced medical facilities.
The reputation of Jordanian doctors has spread in the
region, and now many more patients come to Jordan for
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open heart surgery. In Jordan, the open heart surgery
programme started in 1970 CE in Amman.
‫المستشفٌيات‬
،‫بالرغم من أن الدولة كانت تركز بشكل رئيسي على تحسين منشآت الرعاية الصحية األولية‬
،‫ فقد انتشرت سمعة األطباء األردنيين في المنطقة‬.‫فإنها لم تتجاهل منشآتها الطبية المتقدمة‬
‫ بدأ‬،‫ في األردن‬.‫والعديد من المرضى اآلن يأتون إلى األردن إلجراء جراحة القلب المفتوح‬
.‫ في عمان‬1970 ‫برنامج جراحة القلب المفتوح في عام‬
C. Life expectancy
The life expectancy figures show that Jordan’s healthcare
system is successful. In 1965 CE, the average Jordanian’s
life expectancy was age50. In 2012 CE, this average life
expectancy had risen to 73.5.
According to UNICEF statistics, between 1981 CE and 1991
CE, Jordan’s infant mortality rates declined more rapidly
than anywhere else in the world – from 70 deaths per 1,000
births in 1981 CE to only 32 deaths per1,000 births in 2014
CE.
‫العمر المتوقع للحياة‬
‫كان‬1965 ‫ ففي عام‬.‫تبين أرقام العمر المتوقع للحياة أن نظام الرعاية الصحي األردني ناجح‬
‫ ارتفع معدل العمر‬2012 ‫ في عام‬.‫ عام‬50 ‫معدل العمر المتوقع للحياة في األردن عند عمر‬
73.. ‫المتوقع للحياة الى‬
‫انخفضت معالت‬1991 ‫وعام‬1981 ‫فانه بين عام‬,‫وفقا الحصاءات منظمة اليونيسيف‬
‫ حالة وفاة لكل‬70 ‫وفيات المواليد في األردن بسرعة أكبر من أي مكان آخر في العالم من‬
.2014 ‫ مولود في عام‬1000 ‫ وفاة فقط لكل‬32 ‫الى‬1981 ‫ مولود وفي عام‬1000
Conclusion
The low infant mortality rate, as well as the excellent
healthcare system, have been contributing factors to
Jordan’s healthy population growth, which will result in a
strong work force with economic benefits for the whole
country.
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‫خاتمة‬
‫ باإلضافة إلى نظام الرعاية الصحي المتميز كانا من العوامل‬،‫تدني معدل وفيات المواليد‬
‫المساهمة في النمو السكاني الصحي لألردن والذي سينتج عنه قوى عاملة قوية مع الفوائد‬
.‫اإلقتصادية للبلد بأكمله‬
Answer the following questions about the report.
1. According to the report, health conditions in Jordan are
among the best in the Middle East for many reasons. Write
down these reasons.
‫ أكتبهم في‬,‫الظروف الصحية في األردن أفضل من الشرق األوسط لعدة أسباب‬,‫وفقا للتقرير‬
‫األسفل؟‬
This is largely due to the country’s commitment to making
healthcare for all a top priority. Advances in education,
economic conditions, sanitation, clean water, diet and
housing have made our community healthier.
2. Give two examples showing that the number of
healthcare services has been increasing rapidly over the
past years?
‫اعط مثالين تعرض فيهما أن عدد خدمات الرعاية الصحية تزايدت بشكل كبير في السنوات‬
‫األخيرة؟‬
A. More than 800 different kinds of healthcare centres have
been built, as well as188 dental clinics.
B. In 2012 CE, 98 per cent of Jordanian children were fully
immunized.
3. The report says that the State does not neglect the
advanced medical facilities. How is that
.‫ كيف ذلك‬,‫يقول التقرير بأن الدولة لم تهمل منشآتها الطبية‬
The reputation of Jordanian doctors has spread in the
region, and now many more patients come to Jordan for
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open heart surgery.
4. What are the contributing factors to Jordan’s healthy
population growth?
‫ما هي العوامل التي تسهم في النمو السكاني الصحي في األردن؟‬
The low infant mortality rate, as well as the excellent
healthcare system.
Vocabulary: get moving
The word
Meaning in English
Obese
Strenuous
Cope with
(phrasal verb)
extremely fat, in a
way that is
dangerous to your
health.
using or needing a
lot of effort.
to deal
successfully with,
or handle, a
situation.
Meaning in
Arabic
‫سمنة مفرطة‬
‫ متعب‬/ ‫مجد‬
‫يتعامل مع‬
Get moving!
A: A growing problem.
In many countries, an increasing number of young people
and adults are overweight or even obese. One reason for
this is the growing popularity of fast food, which didn’t use
to be as common as it is now. Another big factor is lack of
exercise. People would often walk to school or work, but
these days many more of us drive. Modern technology has
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‫‪also played its part; we spend more and more time‬‬
‫‪focusing on computer screens. Before the Internet was‬‬
‫‪invented, nobody had dreamt of online shopping, but now‬‬
‫‪we can buy almost anything without leaving the sofa‬‬
‫مشكلة متنامية‬
‫في العديد من الدول‪ ،‬عدد متزايد من الصغار والبالغين الذين يعانون من زيادة في الوزن أو‬
‫حتى السمنة المفرطة‪ .‬أحد األسباب لهذا هو الشعبية المتزايدة للوجبات السريعة‪ ،‬والذي لم‬
‫تكن شائعة كما هي اآلن‪.‬‬
‫(‪)1‬والعامل األكبر اآلخر هو قلة التمارين‪ .‬كان الناس غالبا ً ما يمشون إلى المدرسة أو العمل‬
‫ولكن هذه األٌيام العديد منا يذهب بالسيارة‪ .‬كذلك لعبت التكنولوجيا الحديثة دورها في ذلك‪،‬‬
‫فنمضي المزيد والمزيد من الوقت مركزين على شاشات الكمبيوتر‪ .‬وقبل إختراع اإلنترنت‪،‬‬
‫لم يحلم أحد في التسوق اإللكتروني‪ ،‬ولكننا اآلن يمكننا شراء كل شيء دون أن نغادر‬
‫األريكة‪.‬‬
‫‪B: Time to listen‬‬
‫‪Health experts have been warning about this trend for‬‬
‫‪years and their advice is clear. Adults should aim to‬‬
‫‪exercise for at least two and a half hours every week; for‬‬
‫‪children and teenagers the target should be at least an‬‬
‫‪hour a day. This might not sound very much. However,‬‬
‫‪recent research shows that less than 50% of the British‬‬
‫‪population manages this. School children are less‬‬
‫‪physically active than they used to be. Girls in particular‬‬
‫‪often dislike PE. This can lead to serious health problems.‬‬
‫وقت اإلصغاء‬
‫حذر خبراء الصحة من هذا التوجه لسنوات‪ ،‬ونصيحتهم واضحة‪ .‬يجب على البالغين أن‬
‫يكون هدفهم التمرن على األقل ساعتين ونصف كل أسبوع‪ ،‬أما بالنسبة لألطفال والمراهقين‬
‫يجب أن يكون هدفهم على األقل ساعة يوميا‪ .‬وقد ال يبدو هذا كثيرا ً‪ .‬على أٌية حال‪ ،‬بين بحث‬
‫حديث بأن أقل من ‪ 50‬بالمائة من السكان البريطانيون يتمكنون من فعل ذلك‪ )2(.‬إن أطفال‬
‫المدارس هم أقل نشاط جسدي مما كانوا عليه سابقا‪ .‬التحب الفتيات خصوصا ً حصص اللياقة‬
‫البدنية‪ .‬وهذايمكن أن يؤدي إلى مشاكل صحية جدية‪.‬‬
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C: It's good for you!
Experts recommend a mixture of activities. These should
include moderate exercise, such as fast walking, and more
strenuous exercise, like running.They also advise exercise
that strengthens the muscles, for example sit-ups. The
more muscle we build, the more calories we burn, and the
fitter we become. In addition, exercise is a great way to
cope with stress. In a recent study, patients who had been
suffering from depression reported a great improvement
after increased physical activity.
!‫انه جيد بالنسبة لك‬
‫ مثل المشي‬،‫ وهذه يجب أن تتضمن تمارين معتدلة‬.‫يوصي الخبراء بالتنوع في النشاطات‬
،‫) وينصحون أيضا بتمارين تقوية العضالت‬3(.‫ وتمارين شاقة أكثر مثل الركض‬،‫السريع‬
‫ المزيد من السعرات الحرارية نحرق‬،‫ المزيد من العضالت نبني‬.‫مثل الجلوس والنهوض‬
ٌ ‫ باإلضافة إلى أن التمرين طريقة‬.‫فنصبح أكثر لياقة‬
‫ في دراسة‬.‫عظيمة للتعامل مع اإلجهاد‬
‫ أن المرضى الذين كانوا يعانون من اإلكتئاب أبدوا تحسنا عظيما ً بعد زيادة النشاط‬،‫حديثة‬
.‫الجسدي لديهم‬
D: Useful tips
Of course this raises a question: how can I manage to fit in
all this extra exercise? The best way is to build it into our
daily lives so that it becomes a routine. (4) It doesn’t have
to take much extra time. You could get off the bus one stop
earlier than usual, or stand up when you’re on the phone!
Most importantly, we should find a sport that we enjoy
doing. That way, we will all become fitter, healthier and
happier.
‫نصائح مفيدة‬
‫ كيف يمكن أن أتدبر أمور كل هذا التمرين اإلضافي؟ إن أفضل‬:‫بالطبع فإن هذا يطرح سؤاال‬
ً ‫ وال يحتاج ألن يأخذ وقتا‬.‫طريقة أن نجعله جزءا ً من حياتنا اليومية بحيث يصبح روتينا‬
‫ أو أن تقف وأنت تتحدث في‬،‫ يمكنك النزول من الباص قبل نقطة وصولك‬.‫إضافيا ً كثيرا‬
‫ بهذه الطريقة سنصبح كلنا‬.‫ يجب أن نجد رياضة نستمتع بالقيام بها‬،‫الهاتف! واألكثر أهمية‬
.‫الئقون وبصحة وأكثر سعادة‬
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Answer the following questions.
1. According to the article, what are the main reasons for
higher rates of obesity?
‫ ما هي األسباب الرئيسية للمعدالت المرتفعة من السمنة؟‬,‫وفقا للمقالة‬
The growing popularity of fast food; increasing in activity
(preferring to drive rather than walk, and shopping online).
2. What is the minimum amount of exercise recommended
for someone in your age group?
‫ما هي أقل كمية من التمرن التي يوصى بها لمن هم في فئة عمرك؟‬
At least an hour’s exercise every day.
3. Do most British people get enough exercise? Which sentence
in the article tells you this?
‫هل معظم البريطانيين يمارسون ما يكفي من التمارين؟ أي جملة في المقال تخبرك بذلك؟‬
No, they don’t: ‘however, recent research shows that less
than 50% of the British population manages this.’
4. Guess the meaning of the highlighted word in paragraph C.
C ‫خمن الكلمة المسلط عليها الضوء في الفقرة‬
Strenuous means requiring a lot of effort.
5. The author suggests some ways of including exercise in
our normal lives. Give two examples from the article.
.‫ أعط مثالين من المقالة‬.‫يقترح المؤلف بعض الطرق التي تشمل التمارين في حياتنا العادية‬
Getting off the bus one stop earlier than usual; standing up
when you’re on the phone.
6. Health experts have been warning about this phenomenon
and they have some advices for adults and children. Write
down these advices.
‫حذر خبراء الصحة حول هذه الظاهرة (السمنة المفرطة)وكان لديهم بعض النصائح للبالغين‬
.‫واألطفال أذكر هذه النصائح‬
Adults should aim to exercise for at least two and a half
hours every week; for children and teenagers the target
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should be at least an hour a day.
7. Quote the sentence which indicates that less than a half
of the British people get enough exercise?
‫إقتبس جملة والتًي تشير إلى أن أقل من نصف البريطانٌيون يمارسون ما يكفي من التمارين؟‬
‘Recent research shows that less than 50% of the British
population manages this.
8.Health experts recommend various activities. Mention
these activities.
‫ أذكر هذه التمارين؟‬,‫يوصي خبراء الصحة بالتمارين المتنوعة‬
These include moderate exercise, such as fast walking,
and more strenuous exercise, like running. They also
advise exercise that strengthens the muscles, for example
sit-ups.
9. According to the article, there are many benefits of
doing exercise. Write down these benefits
‫ أكتب هذه الفوائد؟‬.‫هناك عدة فوائد للقيام بالتمارين‬,‫وفقا للمقالة‬
Build muscles, burn calories, cope with stress.
10. According to the article, the writer mentions some
ways to become fitter, healthier and happier. Write down
these ways.
‫ أكتب في‬.‫ أكثر صحة وسعادة‬،‫ ذكر الكاتب بعض الطرق كي نصبح الئقين‬،‫وفقا للمقالة‬
.‫األسفل هذه الطرق‬
You could get off the bus one stop earlier than usual, or
stand up when you’re on the phone! Most importantly, we
should find a sport that we enjoy doing.
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Unit Three
Medical advances
Vocabulary: young Emirati inventor is going to travel the
world
WORD
Meaning in
Meaning in
English
Arabic
)‫جهاز ( أداه‬
Apparatus
the technical
equipment or
machinery
needed for a
particular
purpose.
Appendage
Artificial
Limb
Prosthetic
Sponsor(v)
a body, such as
an arm or leg,
connected to the
main trunk of the
body.
made or
produced by
human beings
rather than
occurring
naturally
Arm or leg of a
person
An artificial body
part
to financially
support a
person or an
event
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)‫طرف ( جزء من الجسم‬
‫صناعي‬
)‫طرف ( ذراع او ارجل‬
‫طرف صناعي‬
‫يدعم ماديا‬
www.alawaben.com
Young Emirati inventor is going to travel the world
‫مخترع اماراتي صغير سيسافر حول العالم‬
Ten-year-old Adeeb al-Balooshi, from Dubai, is going to
travel to seven countries on a tour which has been
organized and funded by Sheikh Hamdan bin Mohammad,
Crown Prince of Dubai.
‫ سيسافرالى سبع دول في جولة نظمها ومولها‬,‫ من دبي‬,‫ ذا العشر سنوات‬,‫أديب البلوشي‬
.‫ أمير دبي‬, ‫الشيخ حمدان بن دمحم‬
The boy caught Sheikh Hamdan‟s attention with his
invention – a prosthetic limb for his father. The Sheikh has
taken a special interest in the boy, and hopes the tour that
he is sponsoring for Adeeb will give the young inventor
more self-confidence and inspire other young Emirati
inventors.
‫ وقد أخذ الشيخ إهتمام خاص‬.‫ طرف صناعي لوالده‬- ‫لفت الولد إنتباه الشيخ حمدان بإختراعه‬
ً ‫ ويأمل بأن هذه الرحلة التي يرعاها ألديب ستع‬،‫بالولد‬
‫طي المخترع الصغير المزيد من الثقة‬
.‫بالنفس وتلهم المخترعين اإلماراتيين الصغاراآلخرين‬
Adeeb got the idea for a special kind of prosthetic leg
while he was at the beach with his family. His father, who
wears an artificial leg, could not swim in the sea as he
could not risk getting his leg wet. This inspired Adeeb to
invent a waterproof prosthetic leg.
،‫ والده‬.‫جاءت أديب فكرة نوع خاص من القدم الصناعية بينما كان على الشاطىء مع عائلته‬
.‫ لم يستطع السباحة في البحر ألنه ال يمكنه المخاطرة بتبلٌل قدمه‬،‫الذي يرتدي قدما ً صناعية‬
.‫وهذا ألهم أديب إلخترع قدما ً صناعية مقاومة للماء‬
Adeeb is going to visit the USA, France, the UK, Ireland,
Belgium, Italy and Germany, where he will be staying with
relatives. However, while he is in Germany, Adeeb will not
be spending all his time sightseeing. He will be working
with a specialist doctor to build the appendage. He will also
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be attending a course on prosthetics and learning about
different kinds of medical apparatus.
‫سيزور أديب الواليات المتحدة األمريكية وفرنسا وبريطانيا وإيرلنده وبلجيكا وإيطاليا وألمانيا‬
‫ لن يمضي أديب كل وقته‬،‫ وبينما هو في ألمانيا‬،‫ على أٌيه حال‬.‫حيث سيمكث مع أقاربه‬
‫ سيحضر ايضا ً دورة عن األطراف‬.‫ سيعمل مع طبيب مختص لبناء الطرف‬.‫بالتنزه‬
.‫الصناعية ويتعلم عن األنواع المختلفة من األجهزة الطبية‬
Adeeb has invented several other devices, including a tiny
cleaning robot and a heart monitor, which is attached to a
car seat belt. In the case of an emergency, rescue services
and the driver’s family will be automatically connected with
the driver through this special checking device.
‫ تضم روبوت تنظيف آلًي صغير جدا ً وجهاز‬،‫اخترع أديب العديد من األجهزة األخرى‬
‫ سيكون طاقم‬،‫ ففي حال الطوارىء‬.‫ والذي تم توصيله في حزام أمان السيارة‬،‫لمراقبة القلب‬
.‫اإلنقاذ وعائلة السائق متصلين تلقائيًا مع السائق من خالل هذا الجهاز الخاص الفاحص‬
He has also invented a fireproof helmet. This special
equipment, which has a built-in camera system, will help
rescue workers in emergencies. It is for these reasons that
Adeeb rightly deserves his reputation as one of the
youngest inventors in the world.
‫ والتي تحتوي على نظام‬،‫ هذه األداة الخاصة‬.‫إخترع كذلك خوذة رأس مقاومة للحريق‬
‫ ولهذه ااألسباب يستحق أديب بجدارة‬.‫تصوير ستساعد عمال اإلنقاذ في الحاالت الطارئة‬
.‫سمعته كواحد من أصغر المخترعين في العالم‬
Answer the questions about the article
1. Why was Sheikh Hamdan interested in helping Adeeb?
‫لماذا كان الشيخ حمدان مهتما بمساعة أديب؟‬
Sheikh Hamdan was interested in Adeeb’s invention of a
prosthetic limb for his father.
2. Why did the Sheikh Hamdan offer Adeeb the gift of a
world tour?
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‫لماذا قدم الشيخ حمدان رحلة ألديب كهدية؟‬
He offered Adeeb the world tour to help to give him more
self- confidence and to inspire other young inventors from
the UAE.
3. How did Adeeb get his inspiration for a waterproof
prosthetic leg?
‫كيف الهم أديب إلختراع قدم صناعية ضد الماء؟‬
He got the inspiration when he was at the beach with his
family. His father couldn’t swim because he couldn’t risk
getting his prosthetic leg wet.
4. Who will Adeeb be staying with in Germany, and what
will he be doing there?
‫ وماذا سيفعل هناك؟‬,‫مع من سيمكث أديب في ألمانيا‬
he will be staying with relatives.
He will be working with a specialist doctor to build the
appendage. He will also be attending a course on
prosthetics and learning about different kinds of medical
apparatus.
3. What is the meaning of suffix word (proof)?
‫ ؟‬Proof ‫ماذا تعني الكلمة الالحقة‬
It means ‘to provide protection against
6. What is the purpose of the in-car heart monitor? Why do
you think that it is built into the seat belt?
‫ما الهدف من اختراع جهاز مراقبة القلب في السيارة؟لماذا باعتقادك تم تركيبه بحزام األمان؟‬
The in-car heart monitor will be used to keep an eye on
those with a heart problem while they are driving. It is built
into the seat belt so that when the driver or passenger
wears it, it is near their heart.
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7. According to the article, the young inventor has
designed many things. Write down them.
‫أذكرهم؟‬, ‫ صمم المخترع عدة أشياء‬,‫وفقا للمقالة‬
A prosthetic limb, waterproof prosthetic leg, a tiny cleaning
robot, a heart monitor, a fireproof helmet.
8. Quote the sentence which indicates that the young
inventor is going to visit many countries.
‫والتي تشير الى ان المخترع الصغير سيزور عدة دول؟‬,‫اقتبس جملة‬
Adeeb is going to visit the USA, France, the UK, Ireland,
Belgium, Italy and Germany
9. Match synonyms for these words in the article?
‫صل المرداف لهذه الكلمات في النص؟‬
Apparatus / equipment
Appendage / limb
Artificial / prosthetic
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Vocabulary: in the future
Word
Meaning in
Meaning in
English
Arabic
‫ فاقد الوعي‬/‫غيبوبة‬
Coma
a state of
unconsciousness
caused by a
certain injury and
that lasts for an
extended period
of time.
)‫جنون( مرض عقلي‬
Dementia
a mental illness
the symptoms of
which are
problems with
memory,
personality
changes
and problems
with reasoning
‫دواء أو عقار‬
Drug
a medicine or a
substance used
for making
medicines.
‫زراعة عضو‬
Implant
a piece of tissue,
prosthetic
device, or other
object implanted
in the body.
‫تجربة دوائية‬
Medical trial
trial to evaluate
the effectiveness
and safety of
medications
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Prill
Scanner
Side effect
Stroke
Symptom
Cancerous
a small round
piece of medicine
to be swallowed
whole
a medical
instrument that
uses
radiography to
produce images
of the insides of
the human body
effects of
medicine on your
body
in addition to
curing pain
an illness when a
blood tube in
your brain bursts
or is blocked,
resulting in the
brain being
unable to
function normally
a physical
problem that
might
indicate a
disease
Something that
can cause
cancer, which
cells in the body
begin to grow
abnormally.
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‫قرص دوائي‬
‫ماسح‬
‫تأثير جانبي‬
‫سكتة دماغية‬
‫اعراض‬
‫مسرطن‬
www.alawaben.com
MRI
(Magnetic
Resonance
Imaging)
a scan that uses
strong magnetic
fields to make a
picture of the
inside of
someone’s body
for
medical reasons
‫التصوير بالرنين‬
‫المغناطيسي‬
In the future
‫في المستقبل‬
We will be able to have an operation to increase our
intelligence.
Scientists have already developed brain implants that
improve vision or allow disabled people to use their
thoughts in order to control prosthetic limbs like arms, legs
or hands, or operate a wheelchair. In 2012 CE, research on
monkeys showed that a brain (1) implant improved their
decision –making abilities. How will humans benefit from
this research?
Scientists hope abilities to develop a similar device to help
people who have been affected by brain damage, which
could be caused by (2) dementia, a stroke or other brain
injuries.
‫سنكون قادرين على اجراء عملية لزيادة ذكائنا‬
‫طور العلماء زراعة الدماغ التي تحسن الرؤية أو تسمح لذوي االحتياجات الخاصة من استخدام‬
‫ أو تشغيل كرسي‬,‫ األرجل أو اليدين‬,‫افكارهم للتحكم باألطراف الصناعية مثل الذراعين‬
‫ أظهرت األبحاث على القرود بان زراعة الدماغ حسنت من قدراتها على‬,2012 ‫في عام‬.‫المقعدين‬
‫ كيف سيستفيد البشر من هذا البحث؟ يأمل العلماء بأن يطورو أداة شبيهة لمساعدة‬.‫اتخاذ القرارات‬
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‫الناس الذين تأثرو بضرر للدماغ والذي يمكن أن يكون سببه الجنون أو السكتة الدماغية أو اصابات‬
.‫أخرى‬
Doctors will be able to communicate with people in a coma.
In 2010 CE, neuroscientists confirmed that it was possible
to communicate with some patients in a coma, by using a
special brain (3) scanner called an MRI. They suggested
that, in the future, more meaningful dialogue with patients
in a coma would be possible. Two years later, it has finally
happened. The scanner, used on a man who has been in a
coma for more than twelve years, proves that he has a
conscious, thinking mind – a fact that had previously been
disputed by many. Doctors plan to use similar brainscanning techniques in the future to find out whether
patients are in pain, or what they would like to be done in
order to improve their quality of life.
.‫سيكون األطباء قادرين على التواصل مع األشخاص فاقدي الوعي‬
‫ أكد علماء األعصاب أنه كان من الممكن التواصل مع بعض المرضى‬,2010 ‫في عام‬
‫واقترحو‬.‫ باستخدام ماسح دماغي خاص يسمى التصوير بالرنين المغناطيسي‬,‫فاقدي الوعي‬
‫في المستقبل بأنه سيكون ممكننا عمل حوارات ذات معنى أكثر مع المرضى فاقدي‬
‫ استخدم الماسح على رجل في غيبوبة ألكثر من اثني‬,‫ حدث هذا اخيرا‬,‫وبعد سنتين‬.‫الوعي‬
‫يخطط‬.‫ حقيقة بان خالفها الكثيرون سابقا‬-‫ وعقل مفكر‬,‫ ويثبت بأن لديه وعي‬,‫عشر عاما‬
‫األطباء الستخدام تقنيات مسح دماغي مشابهه في المستقبل إليجاد ما اذا كان المرضى‬
.‫أو ماذا يرغبون أن يحدث لتحسين نوعية حياتهم‬,‫يتألمون‬
A new drug will help to treat certain types of cancer almost
instantly.
A new cancer drug is being trialled in Plymouth, UK, which
doctors hope will extend the lives of cancer patients and
reduce their symptoms overnight. It is taken as a single (4)
pill every morning, and so far patients have shown none of
the usual (5) side effects such as the sickness and hair loss
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that are experienced when undergoing other forms of
cancer treatment. The new treatment works by blocking a
protein which causes cancerous cells to grow. It will
improve patients‟ life expectancy and quality of life much
more quickly than any other treatment. The patients were
interviewed a year after starting the treatment and are fit
and well saying that they are definitely going to continue
the trail. They have every reason to believe the new drug is
going to work. Doctors at Plymouth hospital hope that it will
help patients from all over the world.
.‫سيساعد نوع جديد من الدواء في عالج انواع معينة من السرطان بشكل فوري‬
‫ والذي يأمل األطباء بأنه سيمدد حياة‬,‫ بريطانيا‬,‫يتم تجربة دواء جديد للسرطان في بليموث‬
‫ ولحد اآلن لم يظهر‬,‫يؤخذ قرص واحد كل صباح‬.‫مرضى السرطان ويقلل من أعراضه فورا‬
‫على المرضى اآلثار الجانبية المعتادة مثل المرض وفقدان الشعر التي تعرضو لها عندما‬
‫ يعمل العالج الجديد على منع بروتين معين‬.‫يخضعون ألشكال أخرى من معالجة السرطان‬
‫ سيعمل على تحسين العمر المتوقع لحياة المرضى ومن‬.‫والذي يسبب نمو الخاليا السرطانية‬
‫ وقد تمت مقابلة مع المرضى بعد عام من بداية‬.‫نوعية الحياة بسرعة أكثر من أي عالج آخر‬
‫ لديهم كل‬.‫ يقولون بانهم بال شك سيستمرون بالتجربة العالجية‬.‫العالج وكانوا بصحة جيدة‬
‫ يأمل األطباء في مستشفى بليموث أن العالج‬.‫األسباب ألن يؤمنوا بأن الدواء الجديد سيعمل‬
.‫يساعد المرضى في كل أنحاء العالم‬
Answer the questions about the article
1. According to the article, scientists have already
developed the brain implants for two purposes, write these
two purposes down.
‫ أذكر هذين الغرضين؟‬,‫ طور العلماء زراعة الدماغ لغرضين‬,‫وفقا للمقالة‬
A. Improve vision.
B. Allow disabled people to use their thoughts in order to
control prosthetic
limbs like arms, legs or hands, or operate a wheelchair.
2. According to the article, scientists have already
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developed brain implants for disabled people for two
reasons, write these two reasons down.
‫ أذكر هذين‬,‫ طور العلماء زراعة الدماغ لذوي االحتياجات الخاصة لسببين‬,‫وفقا للمقالة‬
‫السببين؟‬
A. In order to control prosthetic limbs like arms, legs or hands
B. Operate a wheelchair.
3. According to the article, neuroscientists confirmed that
it was possible to communicate with some patients in a
coma. How can they do that?
‫ اكد علماء األعصاب بأنه كان من الممكن التواصل مع بعض المرضى فاقدي‬,‫وفقا للمقالة‬
‫ كيف يمكنهم فعل ذلك؟‬.‫الوعي‬
By using a special brain scanner called an MRI.
4. Why doctors plan to use similar brain-scanning
techniques on patients in a coma in the future?
‫لماذا يخطط األطباءإلستخدام تقنيات مسح دماغي مشابهه على المرضى فاقدي الوعي في‬
‫المستقبل؟‬
To find out whether patients are in pain, or what they would
like to be done in order to improve their quality of life.
5. According to the article, in what way does the new
cancer treatment work?
‫ في أي طريقة يعمل عالج السرطان الجديد؟‬,‫وفقا للمقال‬
The new treatment works by blocking a protein which
causes cancerous cells to grow.
6. According to the article, there are two positive results
will affect on the lives of cancer patients. Write these two
positive results down.
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‫أكتب هاتين‬,‫ هنالك نتيجتين ايجابيتين ستؤثر على حياة مرضى السرطان‬,‫وفقا للمقالة‬
‫النتيجتين االيجابيتين؟‬
A. It will improve patients’ life expectancy
B. It will improve quality of life much more quickly than any
other treatment.
7. Find a word in the second paragraph which means “a
state of” unconsciousness
‫جد كلمة في الفقرة الثانية تعني" حالة من عدم الوعي"؟‬
Coma
Vocabulary: the king Hussein cancer center
Word
Meaning in English
Meaning in
Arabic
‫قسم األطفال‬
Paediatric
describing the area of
medicine that deals with
children and their
illnesses
Ward
a room in a hospital,
especially for patients
needing similar kinds of
care
‫قسم‬
Outpatient
someone who goes to a
hospital for treatment
but does not stay for the
night
‫مريض غير مقيم‬
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Radiotherapy
the use of controlled
amounts
of radiation (a form of
energy)
to treat disease,
especially cancer.
‫العالج باألشعة‬
The King Hussein Cancer Center
‫مركز الملك حسين للسرطان‬
The King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC) is Jordan’s only
comprehensive cancer treatment centre. It treats both
adult and pediatric patients. As the population of the
country increases, more and more families will rely on the
hospital for cancer treatment. Patients come not only from
Jordan but also from other countries in the region, as they
are attracted by its excellent reputation, lower costs, and
cultural and language similarities.
‫ يعالج كال من‬.‫مركز الملك حسين هو المركز األردني الوحيد والشامل لعالج السرطان‬
‫ ستعتمد المزيد‬,‫ومع تزايد عدد السكان في الدولة‬.‫المرضى البالغين والمرضى األطفال‬
‫ يأتي المرضى ليس من األردن‬.‫والمزيد من العائالت على المستشفى ألخذ عالج السرطان‬
,‫ والتكلفة المنخفضة‬,‫ ألنهم تجذبهم سمعته الممتازة‬,‫بل من بلدان أخرى في المنطقة‬,‫فقط‬
.‫والتشابه الثقافي واللغوي‬
In order to cope with the increase in demand for treatment,
the KHCC has begun an expansion program. Building
started in 2011 CE. The hospital will have more than
doubled its capacity by 2016 CE, increasing space for new
cancer cases from 3,500 per year to 9,000.
.‫بدأ مركز الحسين للسرطان برنامج التوسعة‬,‫ولكي يتعامل مع الزيادة في الطلب على العالج‬
‫ بزيادة المساحة‬,2016 ‫ سيكون المستشفى قد ضاعفته بحلول عام‬.2011 ‫بدأ البناء عام‬
.‫ حالة في السنة‬9000 ‫ الى‬3500 ‫لحاالت السرطان الجديدة من‬
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By then, they will have added 182 extra beds, along with
bigger units for different departments, including
radiotherapy. New adult and paediatric wards will have
opened. Additionally, they will have built a special ten floor
outpatients‟ building, with an education centre which will
include teaching rooms and a library.
‫ بما فيها‬,‫ مع وحدات أكبر ألقسام مختلفة‬,‫ سرير اضافي‬182 ‫ سيكونو قد أضافوا‬,‫عندئذ‬
‫ سيتم بناء مبنى خاص‬,‫ اضافة‬,‫ سيتم افتتاح أجنحة جديدة للبالغين واألطفال‬.‫العالج باألشعة‬
‫ والذي سيتضمن غرف‬,‫ مع مركز تعليمي‬,‫مكون من عشرة طوابق للمرضى غير المقيمين‬
.‫تعليمية ومكتبة‬
Many cancer patients live far away from Amman, where the
KHCC is located, and the journey to and from the hospital
is often difficult. For this reason, there are plans to extend
cancer care facilities to other parts of Jordan. In the near
future, King Abdullah University Hospital in Irbid hopes to
set up radiotherapy machines, so that cancer patients from
northern Jordan will not have to go to Amman for
radiotherapy treatment.
, ‫ حيث يقع مركز الحسين للسرطان‬,‫يعيش العديد من مرضى السرطان بعيدا عن عمان‬
‫ هناك خطط لتوسيع منشآت‬,‫ لهذا السبب‬.‫وغالبا ما تكون الرحلة صعبة من و إلى المستشفى‬
‫ يأمل مستشفى‬,‫ في المستقبل القريب‬.‫رعاية مرضى السرطان إلى أجزاء أخرى من األردن‬
‫ لذا فان مرضى السرطان من‬,‫الملك عبد هللا الجامعي في اربد بانشاء أجهزة العالج باألشعة‬
.‫شمالي األردن لن يضطرو للذهاب الى عمان للعالج باألشعة‬
Answer the questions about the article:
1. Why does the hospital need to expand?
‫لماذا يحتاج المستشفى للتوسعة؟‬
The hospital need to expand because there is more
demand for treatment.
2. Give three reasons why patients from other countries
visit the centre.
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‫أعط ثالثة أسباب تجعل المرضى من البلدان األخرى يزورون المركز؟‬
It has an excellent reputation, the costs are lower and
there are cultural and language similarities.
3. What is one of the disadvantages of the KHCC for
patients who live far from Amman?
‫ما هي احدى سلبيات مركز الحسين للسرطان بالنسبة للمرضى الذين يعيشون يعيدا عن‬
‫عمان؟‬
The journey to and from the hospital is often difficult.
4. What plans are there for increasing cancer care facilities
in other parts of Jordan?
‫ما هي الخطط لزيادة منشآت رعاية مرضى السرطان في أجزاء أخرى من األردن؟‬
There are plans to set up radiotherapy machines in Irbid.
5. How do you think the increase in population will affect
Jordan’s housing, education and health facilities?
‫كيف تعتقد أن الزيادة في عدد السكان يؤثر على مرافق السكن والتعليم والصحة في األردن؟‬
It might get more difficult for the government to help
people, and taxes might increase.
6. What can be done to help Jordan cope with the increase
in population?
‫ما الذي يمكن القيام به لمساعدة األردن في التعامل مع الزيادة في عدد السكان؟‬
The government should spend more money making sure
there are enough facilities for everyone.
7. Why does king Abdullah university hospital in Irbid hope
to set up radiotherapy machines
‫لماذا يأمل مستشفى الملك عبد هللا الجامعي في اربد بانشاء أجهزة العالج اإلشعاعي؟‬
So that cancer patients from northern Jordan will not have
to go to Amman for radiotherapy treatment
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Accident victim test first artificial limb
‫ضحية حادث سير يفحص أول طرف صناعي له‬
Scientists have successfully invented a prosthetic hand
with a sense of touch. It is an exciting new invention, which
they plan to develop. It is possible that, in the not-too distant future, similar artificial arms and legs will have
taken the place of today’s prosthetic limbs
‫ والذي يخطط‬,‫انها اختراع جديد ومثير‬.‫اخترع العلماء بنجاح يد صناعية فيها حاسة اللمس‬
‫ ليس في المستقبل البعيد ستحل أذرع وأقدام صناعية‬,‫ انه من الممكن ذلك‬.‫العلماء لتطويره‬
.‫شبيهه محل أطراف اليوم الصناعية‬
Dennis Sorensen, a 39- year-old from Denmark, was the
first person to try out the new invention. After losing his left
hand in an accident, he had been using a standard
prosthetic hand for nine years. The new hand, which was
developed by Swiss and Italian scientists, was a huge
improvement. With it, Sorensen could not only pick up and
manipulate objects, but he could also feel them. „When I
held an object, I could feel if it was soft or hard, round or
square,‟ he explained. He said that the sensations were
almost the same as the ones he felt with his other hand.
‫ كان اول شخص يجرب اإلختراع‬,‫ عاما من الدنمارك‬39 ‫ البالغ من العمر‬,‫دينيس سورنسون‬
‫ اليد‬.‫ كان يستخدم يد صناعية عادية لمدة تسعة أعوام‬.‫ بعدما فقد يده اليسرى في حادث‬,‫الجديد‬
.‫ كانت تحسنا ضخما‬,‫ والتي تم تطويرها من قبل علماء سويسريون وايطاليون‬,‫الجديدة‬
‫ بل تمكن أيضا من‬,‫ لم يتمكن سورنسون من التقاط األشياء والتحكم بها وحسب‬,‫وبوساطتها‬
‫ استطعت أن أشعر ما اذا كان ناعما أو قاسيا أو‬, ‫ " عندما أمسكت شيئا‬,‫ أوضح‬.‫الشعور بها‬
‫ وقال ان األحاسيس تقريبا كانت نفس األحاسيس التي شعر بها مع يده‬,‫مستديرا أو مربعا‬
.‫األخرى‬
Unfortunately, Sorensen was only taking part in trials, and
the equipment is not ready for general use yet. He was only
allowed to wear it for a month, for safety reasons. So now
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he has his old artificial hand back. However, he hopes that
soon he will be wearing the new type of hand again. He is
looking forward to the time when similar artificial limbs are
available for the thousands of people who need them. He
will have helped to transform their lives.
‫ والمعدات غير جاهزة لالستخدام‬,‫ كان سورنسون يشارك في التجارب وحسب‬,‫لسوء الحظ‬
‫لذا لديه االن يده‬,‫ ألسباب تتعلق بالسالمة‬,‫سمح له بارتدائها لمدة شهر فقط‬.‫العام حتى اآلن‬
‫ يامل انه سرعان ما سوف يرتدي النوع الجديد من اليد مرة‬,‫ومع ذلك‬.‫االصطناعية القديمة‬
‫وانه يتطلع الى الوقت التي ستكون فيه األطراف الصناعية الجديدة متاحة لآلالف من‬.‫اخرى‬
.‫سيكون قد ساعد على تحويل حياتهم‬.‫النالس الذين يحتاجون اليها‬
Answer the questions about the article:
1. Who invented the new prosthetic hand? What is special
about it?
‫ ما هو المميز فيها؟‬,‫من الذي اخترع اليد االصطناعية الجديدة‬
Swiss and Italian scientists; it allows the wearer to feel
objects.
2. Why does Dennis Sorensen need a prosthetic hand?
‫لماذا يحتاج دينيس سورنسون يدا صناعية؟‬
Because he lost his left hand in an accident.
3. Which hand is he wearing now? Why?
‫أي يد يرتديها اآلن؟ لماذا؟‬
His old artificial hand, because the new hand is not yet
ready for general use.
4. What do the bold pronouns „I‟ refer to in line 17?
‫؟‬17 ‫" في السطر‬I" ‫على ماذا تعود الضمائر‬
Dennis Sorensen.
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5. Find a word that is the opposite of „natural‟ in the first
and third paragraphs
.‫جد الكلمة التي هي عكس " طبيعية" في الفقرتين األولى والثالثة‬
Artificial
6. In your opinion, in what ways would a prosthetic hand
improve someone’s life?
‫ في أية طرق يمكن لليد االصطناعية تحسين حياة شخص ما؟‬,‫في رأيك‬
In my opinion I think that most of the things need to use a
both hands, and artificial hand may help a little, and is
considered an aesthetic view of those who have lost their
hands, so the person who wears it will feel like the others.
7. The new hand, which was developed by Swiss and Italian
scientists, Sorensen could feel many things. Write down
these things
‫ مكنت سورنسون أن يشعر بالكثير‬,‫ والتي طورها علماء سويسريون وايطاليون‬,‫اليد الجديدة‬
.‫ أكتب هذه األشياء‬.‫من األشياء‬
He could feel if it was soft or hard, round or square.
8. Why was Sorensen allowed to wear the new hand for a
month?
‫لمذا سمح لسورنسون بارتداء اليد الجديدة لمدة شهر فقط؟‬
Because he was only taking part in trials, and the
equipment is not ready for general use yet.
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Module 3: Achievements
Unit 4: success stories
Vocabulary: The importance of Islamic achievements in
history
Word
Meaning in English
Meaning in
Arabic
‫علم الحساب‬
Arithmetic
The study of
numbers
‫علم الهندسه‬
Geometry
Subject which is
studied by
mathmaticians
‫عالم رياضيات‬
Mathematician
Someone who works
with numbers
‫فيلسوف‬
Philosopher
Someone who
studies and writes
philosophy
professionally
‫الطبيب‬
Physician
An old- fashioned
word that means
doctor
(‫متعدد الثقافة‬
Polymath
An expert in many
)‫موسوعي‬
subjects
‫ميزان‬
Scale
An instrument to
measure weight
‫مختبر‬
Laboratory
A room for scientific
experiments
‫موهبه‬
Talent
Special ability
‫مؤسس‬
Founder
The person who
starts something
new, such as an
organization or city
‫تناغم موسيقي‬
Musical harmony
A pleasant sound in
music, made by
playing or singing a
group
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Composition
(of music)
Revolutionise
Inheritance
Ground-breaking
A piece of music that
someone has written
To completely
change the way
people do
something.
Money or things that
you get
from someone after
they die.
New, innovation
‫التأليف الموسيقي‬
‫أحدث ثورة ( غير‬
)‫جذريا‬
‫ميراث‬
‫مبتكر‬
The importance of Islamic achievements in history
‫أهمية االنجازات االسالمية في التاريخ‬
Jabber ibn hayyan
( born 722CE,died 857CE)
The Arab world has many famous chemists in its history,
but the person who is known as the founder of chemistry is
probably Jabir Ibn Hayyan He is most well known for the
beginning of the production of sulphuric acid. He also built
a set of scales which changed the way in which
chemists weighed items in a laboratory: his scales could
weigh items over6,000 times smaller than a kilogram.
)‫ م‬851 ‫ وتوفي‬, ‫م‬722 ‫جابر بن حيان( ولد في‬
‫ ولكن الشخص الذي عرف‬،‫العالم العربي لديه العديد من الكيميائيين المشهورين في تاريخه‬
‫ فهو أكثر من المعروف لبداية إنتاج حامض‬.‫كمؤسس للكيمياء على األرجح جابر بن حيان‬
‫ ووضع أٌيضا مجموعة من المقاييس التي غيرت الطريقة التي كان الكيميائيون‬.‫الكبريتيك‬
‫حيث ان مقايسه استطاعت ان تزن مواد اكثر صغرا بـ‬,‫يزنون بها األشياء في المختبر‬
‫ مرة من الكيلوغرام‬6000
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Ali ibn Nafi ( ziryab)
(born 789 CE, died 857 CE)
Ali ibn Nafi‟ is also known as „Ziryab‟ (or „Blackbird‟,
because of his beautiful voice). He was a gifted pupil of a
famous musician from Baghdad, and it was his talent for
music that led him to Cordoba in the ninth century CE. He
was the guest of the Umayyad ruler there. He is the person
who established the first music school in the world in
Cordoba, Al Andalus, teaching musical harmony and
composition. He revolutionised musical theory, and is also
the person who introduced the oud to Europe.
)‫علي بن نافع( زرياب‬
)‫ م‬857 ‫ توفي‬, ‫م‬789 ‫ولد في‬
‫ وكان‬.)‫ ألن صوته جميل‬،"‫علي بن نافع والمعروف أٌيضا باسم"زرياب" (أو "الطائر األسود‬
‫ وكانت موهبته في الموسيقى هي التي‬،‫تلميذا موهوبا من الموسيقيين المشهورين من بغداد‬
‫ وإنه‬.‫ وكان ضيفا ً على الحاكم األموي هناك‬.‫قادت به إلى قرطبة في القرن التاسع الميالدي‬
‫ تعلم العزف‬،‫ األندلس‬،‫الشخص الذي أنشأ أول مدرسة للموسيقى في العالم في قرطبة‬
‫ وهو أٌيضا الشخص الذي قدم العود‬،‫ أحدث ثورة في النظرة الموسيقية‬.‫والتأليف الموسيقي‬
.‫إلى أوروبا‬
Fatima al-Fihri
(born early 9th century, died 880 CE)
Fatima al-Fihri was the daughter of a wealthy businessman.
She used her father‟s inheritance to build a learning centre
in Fez, Morocco. This learning centre became Morocco‟s
top university and it is where many students from all over
the world come to study. Moreover, it was Fatima‟s sister,
Mariam, who supervised the building of the Andalus
Mosque, which was not far from the learning centre.
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‫فاطمة الفهري‬
)‫ م‬880 ‫ توفيت‬,‫( ولدت في أوائل القرن التاسع عشر‬
‫ إستخدمت ميراث والدها لبناء مركز تعليم في‬.‫كانت فاطمة الفهري إبنة رجل أعمال ثري‬
‫ وحيث العديد من الطالب‬،‫ أصبح مركز التعلم هذا أرقى جامعة في المغرب‬,‫ المغرب‬،‫فاس‬
‫ التي‬، ‫ مريم‬،‫ كانت أخت فاطمة‬،‫ وعالوة على ذلك‬.‫من جميع أنحاء العالم يأتون للدراسة‬
.‫ الذي لم يكن بعيدا ً عن مركز التعلم‬،‫أشرفت على بناء مسجد األندلس‬
Al-Kindi (born around 801 CE, died 873 CE)
Al-Kindi was a physician, philosopher, mathematician,
chemist, musician and astronomer– a true polymath. He
made ground-breaking discoveries in many of these fields,
but it is probably his work in arithmetic and geometry that
has made him most famous.
)‫ م‬873 ‫ وتوفي‬, ‫ م‬801 ‫الكندي( ولد حوالي‬
‫ عالم موسوعي‬-‫ موسيقي وفلكي‬،‫ كيميائي‬،‫كان الكندي طبيبا وفيلسوفا وعالم رياضيات‬
‫ ولكن ربما يكون عمله في علم‬،‫ ولديه إكتشافات مبتكرة في العديد من هذه المجاالت‬.‫حقيقي‬
.‫الحساب والهندسة التي جعلت منه األكثر شهرة‬
Answer the questions about the article:
1. Jabir Ibn Hayyan had many of the most important
achievements. Write down these achievements.
.‫ أكتب هذه االنجازات‬.‫جابر ابن حيان كان له العديد من االنجازات‬
A.Founder of chemistry
B. The production of sulphuric acid.
C. He built a set of scales.
2. Jabir Ibn Hayyan built a set of scales which changed the
way in which chemists weighed items in laboratory. In what
way it helped them
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‫وضع جابر ابن حيان مجموعة من المقاييسالتي غيرت الطريقة التي كان الكيميائيون يزنزن‬
.‫ في أي طريقة ساعدتهم‬.‫بها األشياء في المختبر‬
His scales could weigh items over 6,000 times smaller than
a kilogram.
3. Why was Ali Ibn Nafi‟ called the „blackbird‟?
.‫لماذا كان علي بن نافع يلقب بالطائر األسود‬
Because of his beautiful voice.
4. Ali Ibn Nafi‟ had many of the most important
achievements. Write down these achievements.
.‫ اكتب هذه االنجازات‬.‫علي بن نافع كان له العديد من االنجازات‬
A. He established the first music school in the world in
Cordoba.
B. He introduced the oud to Europe.
5. How did Fatima al-Fihri use her father’s inheritance?
.‫كيف استخدمت فاطمة الفهري ميراث والدها‬
She used her father’s inheritance to build a learning centre
in Fez, Morocco.
6. What is AL-Kindi famous for?
.‫ما الذي اشتهر به الكندي‬
His work in arithmetic and geometry.
7. According to the article, al-Kindi was a polymath in many
fields. Write down these fields.
.‫ أكتب هذه المجاالت‬.‫ كان الكندي موسوعي في العديد من المجاالت‬,‫وفقا لهذه المقالة‬
Al-Kindi was a physician, philosopher, mathematician,
chemist, musician and astronomer
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Vocabulary: Masdar City – a positive step?
Word
Meaning in English Meaning in
Arabic
‫مصطنع‬
Artificially-created Not real or not
made of
natural things but
made to
be like something
that is real
or natural
‫محايدة الكربون‬
Carbon-neutral
Not affecting the
total amount of
carbon dioxide in
earth’s
atmosphere
‫انتقاد‬
Criticize
To evaluate or
analyze
(something).
‫تحلية المياه‬
Desalination
The process of
removing
salt from sea water
so that it
can be used
)‫شبكة( شبكة طاقة‬
Grid (energy grid) A system of wires
through
which electricity is
connected to
different power
stations across a
region.
‫مشروع ضخم‬
Megaproject
A very large,
expensive,
ambitious business
project.
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Outweigh
Pedestrian
Sustainability
Vary
Zero-waste
To be more
important than
something else.
Someone who is
walking,
especially along a
street or
another place that
is used
by cars.
The state of being
able to
continue forever,
or for very
long time.
To differ according
to the
situation.
Producing no
waste, or
having parts that
can be
reused
‫يفوق‬
‫المشاه‬
‫االستدامة‬
‫يختلف‬
‫خالي من النفايات‬
Masdar City – a positive step?
‫ خطوة ايجابية؟‬-‫مدينة مصدر‬
Megaprojects are extremely large investment projects,
which are designed to encourage economic growth and
bring new benefits to cities. Although megaprojects vary in
terms of size and cost, they are all, by definition,
expensive, public projects that attract a high level of
interest and media coverage. Projects range from
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‫‪motorways, airports, stations, tunnels, bridges, etc. to‬‬
‫‪entire city complexes.‬‬
‫المشاريع الضخمة هي مشاريع إستثمارية كبيرة للغاية‪ ،‬وهي مصممة لتشجيع النمو‬
‫اإلقتصادي وتحقيق منافع جديدة للمدن‪ .‬على الرغم من أن المشاريع الضخمة تختلف من‬
‫حيث الحجم والتكلفة‪ ،‬اإل إنها كلها‪ ،‬بحكم التعريف‪ ،‬مكلفة‪ ،‬والمشاريع العامة التي تجذب على‬
‫مستوى عال من اإلهتمام والتغطية اإلعالمية وتتراوح المشاريع من الطرق السريعة‪،‬‬
‫المطارات‪ ،‬المحطات‪ ،‬أنفاق‪ ،‬والجسور‪ ،‬وما إلى ذلك مجمعات المدينة بأكملها‪.‬‬
‫‪The concept of a megaproject is always based on the‬‬
‫‪benefits it brings to a community. However, many‬‬
‫‪megaprojects have been criticised because of their‬‬
‫‪negative effects on a community or the environment. This‬‬
‫‪essay will look at these issues with regard to Masdar City, a‬‬
‫‪megaproject in Abu Dhabi.‬‬
‫مفهوم المشروع الضخم يستند دائما ً على الفوائد التي تحققها للمجتمع‪ .‬ومع ذلك‪ ،‬تعرضت‬
‫العديد من المشاريع الضخمة إلنتقادات كثيرة بسبب آثارها السلبية على المجتمع أو البيئة‪ .‬هذا‬
‫المقال سينظر في هذه القضايا فيما يتعلق بمدينة مصدر‪ ،‬وهو مشروع ضخم في أبوظبي‪.‬‬
‫‪Masdar City, which began its development in 2006 CE, will‬‬
‫‪be the world‟s first carbon-neutral, zero-waste artificially‬‬‫‪created city. Covering an area of six square kilometres,‬‬
‫‪when it is completed in 2025 CE, it is expected to house‬‬
‫‪more than 40,000 residents, 50,000 commuters, and 1,500‬‬
‫‪businesses involved in mainly environmentally-friendly‬‬
‫‪products.‬‬
‫ومدينة مصدر‪ ،‬التي بدأت تطورها في عام ‪ 2006‬م‪ ،‬ستكون أول مدينة تم إنشائها محايدة‬
‫الكربون‪ ،‬وخالية من المخلفات اإلصطناعية في العالم‪ ،‬تغطي مساحة قدرها ستة كيلومترات‬
‫مربعة‪ ،‬عند إكتماله في عام ‪ 2025‬م‪ ،‬ومن المتوقع أن يؤؤي أكثر من ‪ 000,40‬مقيما‪،‬‬
‫‪ 000,50‬متنقال‪ 500,1 ،‬من قطاع األعمال يشارك بشكل رئيسي في منتجات صديقة‬
‫للبيئة‪.‬‬
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The city will run entirely on renewable energy sources. It is
built on an advanced energy grid which monitors exactly
how much electricity is being used by every outlet in the
complex.
‫ أنها بنيت على شبكة الطاقة‬.‫سيتم تشغيل المدينة بالكامل على مصادر الطاقة المتجددة‬
.‫المتقدمة التًي تراقب بالضبط كمية الكهرباء المستخدمة من قبل كل منفذ في المجمع‬
Furthermore, in order to reduce its carbon footprint,
Masdar City will be a car-free zone, designed to be
pedestrian and cycle-friendly. Electric, driverless cars will
operate as public transport vehicles, and the city will be
connected to other locations by a network of roads and
railways.
‫ مدينة مصدر ستكون منطقة‬،‫ من أجل التقليل من أثر إنبعاثات الكربون‬،‫وعالوة على ذلك‬
‫ وسيارات‬،‫ الكهربائية‬.‫ ومصممة لتكون صديقة للمشاة وراكبي الدراجات‬،‫خالية من السيارات‬
‫ وسيتم ربط المدينة بمواقع أخرى من خالل‬،‫كهربائية بدون سائق ستعمل كوسائل نقل عامة‬
.‫شبكة من الطرق والسكك الحديدية‬
Energy will be provided by solar power and wind farms,
and there are also plans to build the world’s largest
hydrogen plant. A desalination plant will be used to provide
the city’s water, with 80% of water used being recycled.
Biological waste will be used as an energy source too, and
industrial waste will be recycled.
‫ وهناك أٌيضا خطط إلقامة‬،‫وسيتم توفير الطاقة عن طريق الطاقة الشمسية ومزارع الرياح‬
،‫ وسيٌتم استخدام محطة لتحلية المياه لتزويد المدينة بالماء‬.‫أضخم محطة هيدرو ٌجن في العالم‬
،‫ وستستخدم النفايات الحيوية كمصدر للطاقة أٌيضا‬.‫ من المياه المستخدمة‬٪80 ‫مع تكرير‬
.‫وسيتم إعادة تدويرالنفايات الصناعية‬
The current residents of Masdar City are all students at the
Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, a university
whose students are fully committed to finding solutions to
the world’s energy problems.
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‫ جامعة‬،‫المقيمون الحاليون لمدينة مصدر كلهم طالب في معهد مصدر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا‬
.‫طالبها ملتزمون تماما إليجاد حلول لمشاكل الطاقة في العالم‬
While the project has the support of many global,
environmental and conservation organisations, there is
some criticism of it. It is felt that, instead of building an
artificial sustainable city, sustainability should be
made a priority of existing cities.
‫ وهناك بعض‬،‫في حين أن المشروع حظى بدعم العديد من المنظمات العالمية والحماية البيئية‬
‫ ينبغي أن تكون‬،‫ بدالً من إقامة مدينة مستدامة إصطناعية‬،‫ ويرى أنه‬.‫اإلنتقاد من ذلك‬
.‫اإلستدامة أولوية للمدن القائمة‬
In conclusion, the benefits of Masdar City for the
community and the environment greatly outweigh any
disadvantages. If the aims of the developers are realised,
Masdar City will be a blueprint for future urban planning
that will inspire similar megaprojects in other countries.
‫ فإذا تم‬.‫ فإن فوائد مدينة مصدر للمجتمع والبيئة تفوق إلى حد كبير أٌية عيوب‬،‫في الختام‬
‫ فإن مدينة مصدر ستكون قدوة للتخطيط الحضري في المستقبل‬،‫إدراك أهداف المطورين‬
.‫ستلهم مشاريع ضخمة مماثلة في بلدان أخرى‬
Answer the questions about the article:
1. What examples of megaprojects are provided in the
essay?
‫ما هي األمثلة على المشاريع العمالقة التي قدمت في المقال؟‬
Examples of projects include motorways, airports, stations,
tunnels, bridges, etc. to entire city complexes.
2. What are the advantages of the creation of Masdar city?
What are the disadvantages?
‫ وماهي سلبياتها؟‬.‫ما هي ايجابيات بناء مدينة مصدر‬
The advantages include the fact that it will be the world’s
first carbon-neutral, zero-waste city. Although there will be
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excellent public transport. The disadvantage is that many
people think the money should have been spent on
cleaning up existing places and making them more
sustainable.
3. Do you think that Masdar City is a beneficial project or
not? Give your reasons.
‫ما هي ايجابيات وسلبيات المشاريع العمالقة على الناس والبيئة؟‬
The advantages include installing the latest technology
that helps cities to become environmentally friendly.
However, disadvantages are that they are all brand new
and some people think it would be better to spend the
money on regenerating old towns.
5. According to the essay, megaprojects are extremely
large investment projects, which are designed for two
purposes. Write these two purposes down.
‫أكتب‬.‫ والتي صممت لغرضين‬,‫ المشاريع العمالقة هي مشاريع استثمارية للغاية‬,‫وفقا للمقالة‬
‫هذين الغرضين في األسفل؟‬
A. Megaprojects are designed to encourage economic
growth.
B. Bring new benefits to community.
6. According to the essay, what is the concept of a
megaproject?
‫ ما هو مفهوم المشاريع الضخمة؟‬,‫وفقا للمقالة‬
The concept of a megaproject is always based on the
benefits it brings to a community.
7. According to the essay, many megaprojects have been
criticised for many reasons. Mention them.
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‫ أذكرها؟‬,‫ تعرضت العديد من المشاريع العمالقة النتقادات ألسباب عديدة‬,‫وفقا للمقالة‬
Because of their negative effects on a community or the
environment.
8. According to the essay, there are many things that will
make Masdar city environmentally-friendly city.
‫ هنالك العديد من األمور التي من شأنها أن تجعل مدينة مصدر مدينة صديقة‬,‫وفقا للمقالة‬
‫ أذكرها؟‬,‫للبيئة‬
A.it will be the world’s first carbon-neutral.
B. it will be the world’s first zero-waste artificially-created
city.
C. it will run entirely on renewable energy sources.
D. it will be a car-free zone.
E. biological waste will be used as an energy source.
9. According to the essay, Masdar city will rely on some of
the renewable sources of energy. Write don them.
‫ أذكرهم؟‬,‫مدينه مصدر ستعتمد على بعض مصادر الطاقة المتجددة‬,‫وفقا للمقالة‬
Solar energy and wind farms.
10. Quite the sentence which indicates that Masdar City
supported by global institutions.
"‫جد كلمة في النص والتي تعني" عملية ازالة الملح من مياه البحر‬
Desalination
12. Although the project of Masdar city has the support of
many global organisations, there is some criticism of it.
Give the reason
‫ واجه المشروع‬,‫على الرغم من أن مدينة مصدر تحظى بدعم العديد من المنظمات العالمية‬
.‫ أعط السبب‬, ‫بعض االنتقادات من ذلك‬
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It is felt that, instead of building an artificial sustainable
city, sustainability should be made a priority of existing
cities
A founding father of farming
‫األب المؤسس للزراعة‬
Ibn Bassal was a writer, a scientist and an engineer who
lived in Al-Andalus in the eleventh century CE. He worked
in the court of Al-Ma‟mun, (1) who was the king of Toledo.
His great passions were botany, (2) which is the study of
plants, and agriculture. Although he was a great scholar,
he was also a practical man and all of his writing came
from his own „hands-on‟ experience of working the land.
‫ عالما ً ومهندسا ً الذي عاش في األندلس في القرن الحادي عشر‬،ً‫كان ابن البصال كاتبا‬
‫ وكانت عواطفه كبيرة‬.‫) الذي كان ملك طليطلة‬1 ( ،‫ كان يعمل في بالط المأمون‬.‫الميالدي‬
‫ كان‬،ً‫ على الرغم من أنه كان عالما ً كبيرا‬.‫ والزراعة‬،‫) والذي يدرس النباتات‬2( ،‫بعلم النبات‬
‫أٌيضا ً رجال عمليا وجميع كتاباته جاءت من تجربته العملية على العمل في األرض‬
One of the many things which Ibn Bassal achieved was A
Book of Agriculture. The book consisted of sixteen
chapters which explain how best to grow trees, fruit and
vegetables, as well as herbs and sweet-smelling flowers;
perhaps the most famous chapter of all was the one (3) that
described how to treat different types of soil. Ibn Bassal
also worked out how to irrigate the land by finding
underground water and digging wells. He designed water
pumps and irrigation systems. All of these things were
passed on through his writing.
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‫أحد األشياء العديدة التي حققها إبن البصال كان كتاب الزراعة‪ .‬يتألف الكتاب من ستة عشر‬
‫فصال التي توضح أفضل الطرق لزراعة األشجار والفواكه والخضروات‪ ،‬وكذلك األعشاب‬
‫والزهور ذات الرائحة الطيبة؛ ربما الفصل األكثر شهرة في كل واحد (‪ )3‬الذي وصف كيفية‬
‫التعامل مع أنواع مختلفة من التربة‪ .‬عرف إبن البصال أٌيضا كيف يروي األرض من خالل‬
‫إيجاد المياه الجوفية وحفر اآلبار‪ .‬صمم مضخات المياه وأنظمة الري‪ .‬كل هذه األشياء نقلت‬
‫من خالل كتاباته‪.‬‬
‫‪The influence of Ibn Bassal‟s book was enormous. As‬‬
‫‪farmers down the generations followed his instructions and‬‬
‫‪advice, the land became wonderfully fertile and produced‬‬
‫‪more than enough food for the fast-growing population.‬‬
‫‪The irrigation systems (4) that he and his followers put in‬‬
‫‪place are still in evidence in Spain. Although his name is‬‬
‫‪not widely known, Ibn Bassal‟s legacy to the world has‬‬
‫‪been great .‬‬
‫كان تأثير كتاب إبن البصال هائال‪ .‬كلما اتبع المزارعين عبر األجيال تعليماته ونصيحته‪ ،‬كلما‬
‫أصبحت األرض خصبة رائعة وأنتجت أكثر من ما يكفي من الغذاء للسكان الذي يشهد نموا ً‬
‫سريعا ‪.‬‬
‫نظام الري التي وضعها هو وأتباعه في مكان ال تزال دليال في اسبانيا‪ .‬على الرغم من أن‬
‫إسمه غير معروف على نطاق واسع‪ ،‬إرث إبن البصال إلى العالم كان عظيما ً ‪.‬‬
‫‪Answer the questions about the article:‬‬
‫‪1. Name two of Ibn Bassal‟s achievements.‬‬
‫سم اثنين من انجازات ابن البصال‬
‫;‪Writing A Book of Agriculture‬‬
‫‪Designing water pumps and irrigation systems.‬‬
‫‪2. Find a verb in the second paragraph that means „supply‬‬
‫‟‪land with water‬‬
‫جد فعل في الفقرة الثانية يعني " تزويد األرض بالماء"‬
‫‪Irrigate.‬‬
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3. Guess the meaning of „fertile land‟ in the third
paragraph. Which part of the text illustrates its meaning?
.‫ أي جزء من النص يوضح معناها‬. ‫خمن معنى" األرض الخصبة" في الفقرة الثالثة‬
Agriculturally productive; produced more than enough
food..’ (lines 28-29)
4. Guess the meaning of „legacy‟ in the third paragraph.
What does the author suggest is Ibn Bassal‟s legacy to the
world?
.‫ ماذا يقترح يقترح المؤلف بارث ابن البصال للعالم‬,‫خمن معنى " ارث" في الفقرة الثالثة‬
‘Legacy’ means what someone leaves to the world after
their death. Ibn Bassal’s legacy is his agricultural
instructions and advice.
5. Which paragraph suggests that Ibn Bassal was a
polymath? Give examples of his areas of knowledge.
.‫ أعط أمثلة عن مجاالت معرفته‬,‫أي فقرة تشير الى أن ابن البصال كان موسوعي‬
The first paragraph: writing, science, engineering, botany,
agriculture.
6. Why do you think the area around Toledo had a „fastgrowing population‟?
.‫لماذا تعتقد بأن المنطقة الحيوية بتوليدو كانت سريعة النمو السكاني‬
Because the area was producing a lot of food as a result of
Ibn Bassal’s irrigation systems.
7. According to the article. Where did Ibn Bassal get his
knowledge?
.‫ اين حصل ابن البصال على معرفته‬,‫وفقا لهذه المقالة‬
From his own ‘hand-on’ experience of working the land.
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8. What does the most famous chapter in 'book of
agriculture' illustrate?
.‫ماذا يوضح الفصل األكثر شهرة في كتاب الزراعة‬
That described how to treat different types of soil.
9. According to the article, Ibn Bassal worked out how to
irrigate the land, How did he do that? And what did he
design?
.‫ وماذا صمم‬, ‫ كيف فعل ذلك‬,‫ عرف ابن البصال كيف يروي األرض‬,‫وفقا للمقالة‬
By finding underground water and digging wells. He
designed water pumps and irrigation systems
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Unit 5
The arts
Vocabulary: The arts in Jordan
Word
Meaning in English
Meaning in
Arabic
‫خزف‬
Ceramics
The art of producing
something made from
clay or porcelain.
‫معهد موسيقي‬
Conservatory
a school where people
are trained in music or
acting.
‫فنون جميلة‬
Fine arts
Creation of beautiful
works such as
sculpture,painting, or
music
‫تجهيزات فنية‬
Installation
An art exhibit often
involving video or
moving parts
‫فنون األداء‬
Perfoming arts
A type of art that can
combine acting,
dance,painting and film
to express an idea.
‫منسوجات‬
Textiles
Types of cloth woven
fabric.
‫فنون بصرية‬
Visual arts
Art such as painting or
sculpture that you look
at, as opposed to
literature or music
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The arts in Jordan
‫الفنون في األردن‬
Jordan has a very rich cultural heritage thanks to the
support of the Department of Culture and the Arts, which
was founded in 1966 CE.
Since then, the department has built up an exciting,
ongoing programme of cultural activities related to all the
arts: music, visual arts, performing arts and the written
word.
‫ التي تأسست عام‬,‫لدى األردنيين تراث ثقافي غني جدا بفضل دعم وزارة الثقافة والفنون‬
‫ وضعت الوزارة برنامجا مستمرا مثيرا لألنشطة الثقافية المتعلقة‬,‫ ومنذ ذلك الحين‬.‫م‬1966
.‫ وفنون األداء والكلمة المكتوبة‬,‫ الموسيقى الفنون البصرية‬:‫بجميع الفنون‬
In 1979 CE, the Royal Society of Fine Arts (RSFA) was
established to promote visual arts in Jordan and other
countries in the region. It has links with major art galleries
around the world in order to encourage artists from
different cultures to learn from each other.
‫ تم تأسيس الجمعية الملكية للفنون الجميلة لتعزيز الفنون البصرية في‬،‫م‬1979 ‫في عام‬
‫ لديها صالت مع المعارض الفنية الكبرى في جميع أنحاء‬.‫األردن وبلدان أخرى في المنطمة‬
.‫العالم من أجل تشجيع الفنانين من مختلف الثقافات ليتعلموا من بعضهم البعض‬
The Jordan National Gallery of Fine Arts is one of the most
important art museums in the Middle East. The collection
includes over 2,000 works of art, including paintings,
sculptures, photographs, installations, textiles and
ceramics, by more than 800 artists from 59 countries. In
2013 CE, it held Jordan’s largest art exhibition called „70
Years of Contemporary Jordanian Art‟
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‫المتحف الوطني األردني للفنون الجميلة هو إحدى أهم المتاحف الفنية في الشرق األوسط‪.‬‬
‫وتضم المجموعة أكثر من ‪ 2,000‬عمل فني‪ ،‬بما في ذلك اللوحات والمنحوتات والصور‬
‫الفوتوغرافية والمنشآت والمنسوجات والخزفيات‪ ،‬من خالل أكثر من ‪ 800‬فنانا ً من ‪59‬‬
‫بلدا ً‪ .‬في عام ‪ 2013‬م‪ ،‬أقيم أكبر معرض فني في األردن سمي '‪ 70‬سنة من الفن األردني‬
‫المعاصر‪.‬‬
‫‪Until the 1990s, most Jordanian literature was only‬‬
‫‪available in Arabic. However, thanks to PROTA (the Project‬‬
‫‪of Translation from Arabic) many Jordanian plays, novels,‬‬
‫‪short stories and poems are now translated into English,‬‬
‫‪and people all over the world are able to read and‬‬
‫‪appreciate them.‬‬
‫حتى التسعينات‪ ,‬كان معظم األدب األردني متوفرا فقط باللغة العربية‪ .‬ومع ذلك‪ ,‬بفضل‬
‫‪ (PROTA‬مشروع الترجمة من اللغة العربية )‬
‫ترجم العديد من المسرحيات األردنية ‪ ,‬روايات‪ ,‬قصص قصيرة وقصائد اآلن الى اللغة‬
‫االنجليزية ‪ ,‬والناس في جميع انحاء العالم قادرين على قرائتها وتقديرها‪.‬‬
‫‪Every year, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and‬‬
‫‪Cultural Organization (UNESCO) chooses a different Arab‬‬
‫‪city as the Arab Cultural Capital. In 2002 CE, the city of‬‬
‫‪Amman was awarded this title.‬‬
‫في كل عام‪ ,‬تختار منظمة األمم المتحدة للتربية والعلم والثقافة ( اليونيسكو)مدينة عربية‬
‫مختلفة كعاصمة للثقافة العربية‪ .‬في عام ‪ 2002‬م ‪ ,‬حصلت مدينة عمان على هذا اللقلب‪.‬‬
‫‪Jordan has a centuries-old musical heritage. The National‬‬
‫‪Music Conservatory (NMC) opened in 1986 CE, making it‬‬
‫‪possible for more Jordanian students to study music‬‬
‫‪seriously.‬‬
‫ويوجد لدى األردن تراث موسيقي قديم منذ قرون‪ .‬افتتح المعهد ) عام ‪1986‬م‪ ,‬مما يجعل‬
‫من الممكن للمزيد الوطني للموسيقى ( من الطلبة األردنيين دراسة الموسيقى بشكل جاد‪.‬‬
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In 1987 CE, the National Centre for Culture and Arts was
created, which showcases theatre and dance in Jordan
and in the region
‫ الذي يعرض المسرح والرقص‬, ‫ تم انشاء المركز الوطني للثقافة والفنون‬,‫م‬1987 ‫في عام‬
.‫في األردن والمنطقة‬
Realising the value of art and culture, Jordan decided to
offer Jordanians and the world an annual arts festival. In
1981 CE, the Jerash Festival for Culture and Arts was
founded. This three-week-long summer programme is one
of the largest cultural activities in the region. It takes place
in the important archaeological site of Jerash, which
underlines the close relationship between the arts and
Jordan‟s cultural history
.‫ قرر األردن أن يقدم لألردنيين والعالم مهرجان الفنون السنوي‬,‫والدراك قيمة الفن والثقافة‬
‫ هذا البرنامج الصيفي الذي يمتد‬. ‫ تم تأسيس مهرجان جرش للثقافة والفنون‬,‫م‬1981 ‫في عام‬
‫ فهو يقام على الموقع األثري‬.‫ هو واحد من أضخم األنشطة الثقافية في المنطقة‬,‫لثالثة أسابيع‬
.‫ والذي يؤكد على العالقة الوثيقة بين الفنون وتاريخ األردن الثقافي‬,‫في جرش‬
Answer the questions about the article:
1. How does the royal society of fine arts show its
supported for the arts in Jordan?
‫كيف تظهر الجمعية الملكية للفنون الجميلة دعمها للفنون في األردن؟‬
It shows its support by having links with major art galleries
around the world and by promoting visual arts in Jordan.
2. What makes the Jordan national gallery of fine arts a
major instituation in the world of art?
‫ما الذي يجعل المتحف الوطني األردني للفنون الجميلة مؤسسة كبيرة في عالم الفن؟‬
It is so important because it has over 2,000 works of art by
more than 800 artists from 59 countries.
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3. How has translation helped Jordanian literature?
‫كيف ساعدت الترجمة األدب األردني؟‬
Translation has helped Jordanian literature by making it
more accessible to people all over the world.
4. What is the significance of the location of the annual
Jerash festival?
‫ما هي أهمية موقع مهرجان جرش السنوي؟‬
It takes place in Jerash, which is an important
archeological site. This shows the close relationship
between the arts and Jordan’s cultural history.
5. To truly understand a country‟s culture, you have to
understand its artistic heritage; do you agree or disagree?
Justify your answer.
‫ برر اجابتك؟‬.‫ هل توافق أم ال‬,‫ عليك ان تفهم تراثها الفني‬,‫لكي تفهم ثقافة بلد ما‬
I agree with this statement, culture gives a vivid picture
about people in the past and present. For example,
nowadays people outside Jordan and the Arab world will
understand Jordanian culture.
6. Department of Culture and the Arts has built up an
exciting programme of cultural activities. Write down these
cultural activities.
‫ أكتب هذه األنشطة الثقافية؟‬.‫وضعت وزارة الثقافة والفنون برنامجا مثيرا لألنشطة التقافية‬
Music, visual arts, performing arts and the written word.
7. Why was the Royal Society of Fine Arts established?
‫لماذا تم تأسيس الجمعية الملكية للفنون الجميلة؟‬
To promote visual arts in Jordan and other countries in the
region.
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8. The Jordan National Gallery of Fine Arts includes many
works of art. Write down these works of arts.
‫ أكتب هذه األعمال‬.‫المتحف الوطني األردني للفنون الجميلة يتضمن العديد من األعمال الفنية‬
.‫الفنية‬
Paintings, sculptures, photographs, installations, textiles
and ceramics.
Vocabulary:
A magazine article about a professional craftsman
Word
Meaning in english Meaning in Arabic
‫خزف‬
Ceramics
The art of
producing
something made
from clay or
porcelain.
‫الحرفي‬
Craftsman
Someone who is
very skilled
at a particular
craft, which they
make things with
their hands
‫استعراض‬
Demonstration
An act of
explaining and
showing how to do
something,
or how something
works.
‫نفخ الزجاج‬
Glassblowing
The art of shaping
a piece of
hot, melted glass
by blowing
air into it through
a tube.
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A magazine article about a professional craftsman
‫مقالة مجلة حول حرفي محترف‬
Adnan, a professional craftsman, is at work in his studio.
With the oven at 1,400 degrees Centigrade, 20 hours a day,
a glass-making studio isn’t the most comfortable place to
be. For Adnan, however, this is more than just a job. „My
family has been blowing glass for around 700 years,‟ he
says. „My father learnt the craft from his father, and he
taught it to me when I was a child.‟
‫ مع الفرن بدرجة حرارة‬.‫ يعمل في االستوديو الخاص به‬,‫ وهو حرفي محترف‬,‫عدنان‬
‫ استوديو صناعة الزجاج ليس المكان األكثر‬,‫ ساعة في اليوم‬20 ‫ ولمدة‬,‫ درجة مئوية‬1400
‫ " تنفخ عائلتي الزجاج‬,‫ هذا أكثر من مجرد عمل‬,‫ على أية حال‬.‫راحة ليكون بالنسبة لعدنان‬
‫ وعلمها لي عنما كنت‬, ‫ " تعلم والدي هذه الحرفة من والده‬.‫ كما يقول‬. ‫ سنة‬700 ‫منذ حوالي‬
."‫طفال‬
Adnan is passionate about this ancient craft, and regularly
gives demonstrations and workshops to teach young
people the skills of glassblowing.
‫ ويعطي استعراضات وورش عمل لتعليم الشباب‬,‫عدنان عاطفي تجاه هذه الحرفة القديمة‬
.‫مهارات نفخ الزجاج بشكل منتظم‬
He strongly believes that unless we interest more young
people in learning the craft, nobody will know how to make
hand-blown glass in the future. „These days, young people
don’t always want to follow their parents‟ professions, and,
added to that, glassblowing isn’t an easy job. It has to be
an obsession, as it is for me!‟
‫ ال أحد سيعرف كيفية ان‬,‫ويعتقد بقوة بأنه ما لم نكن نهتم بالمزيد من الشباب في تعلم الحرفة‬
‫ الشباب ال يريدون دائما أن يتبعو مهن‬,‫ " في هذه األيام‬.‫نصنع الزجاج المنفوخ في المستقبل‬
‫ كما هو‬,‫ يجب أن يكون هاجسا‬,‫ نفخ الزجاج ليست مهمة سهلة‬,‫ ويضيف الى ذلك‬, ‫آبائهم‬
."‫بالنسبة لي‬
Adnan still uses the technique that was first developed by
the Phoenicians some 2,000 years ago. First, he pushes a
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thin metal blowpipe into the boiling hot furnace. Secondly,
he lifts out the liquid sand and lays it on a metal plate. After
that, he blows the red-hot glass until it becomes more
flexible. Then he pulls and bends the glass into shape. He
has to work extremely quickly because the liquid sand is
already solidifying into glass.
‫وال يزال عدنان يستخدم هذه التقنية التي تم تطويٌرها ألول مرة من قبل الفينيقيين قبل نحو‬
‫ يرفع الرمل‬،ً‫ ثانيا‬.‫ يدفع أنبوب نفخ معدني رفيع داخل فرن ساخن يغلي‬،ً‫ سنة أوال‬2000
‫ ينفخ الزجاج الساخن األحمر حتى يصبح أكثر‬،‫ بعد ذلك‬.‫السائل ويضعة على طبق معدني‬
‫ لذا عليه أن يعمل بسرعة ألن الرمل السائل يتصلب‬.‫ ثم يسحب ويحنى الزجاج ليشكلة‬.‫مرونة‬
.‫بسرعة إلى زجاج‬
Adnan is making a delicate swan. Through the semiopaque glass, you can see fine lines of turquoise, green
and blue. „The sand gives us transparent, or “white”,
glass,‟ Adnan explains. „We get this beautiful dark, cobalt
blue by adding the metal cobalt to the melted glass. Then,
this blue becomes a lighter, sea-green turquoise after
adding copper. Finally, we decorate the glass by hand.‟
‫ ويمكنك ان ترى الخطوط الدقيقة‬,‫ من خالل زجاج شبه شفاف‬,‫يصنع عدنان بجعه حساسة‬
,‫ يوضح عدنان‬, "‫ " يعطينا الرمل زجاج شفاف أو " أبيض‬.‫من الفيروز واألخضر واألزرق‬
.‫" نحصل على األزرق الكوبالتي الداكن الجميل باضافة معدن الكوبلت الى الزجاج المنصهر‬
‫ فاننا نزين الزجاج‬,‫ وأخيرا‬.‫ يصبح هذا األزرق فيروزيا بحريا أخف بعد اضافة النحاس‬,‫ثم‬
.‫باليد‬
„These days we recycle broken glass. We also use
commercially produced colors instead of using natural
ingredients as in the past. Apart from that, nothing else
about this craft has changed through the centuries. You
can’t use a machine to do this work,‟ he says. "The old
ways are still the best"
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‫ ونستخدم أيضا ألوانا تنتج تجاريا بدال من استخدام‬,‫نعيد هذه األيام تدوير الزجاج المكسور‬
‫ لم يتغير شيء آخر عن هذه الحرفة عبر‬,‫ عدا عن ذلك‬.‫المكونات الطبيعية كما في الماضي‬
‫ كما يقول" الطرق التقليدية ال زالت هي‬.‫ ال يمكنك استخدام آلة للقيام بهذا العمل‬.‫القرون‬
."‫األفضل‬
Answer the questions about the article.
1. Where did Adnan learn the glassblowing?
‫أين تعلم عدنان حرفة نفخ الزجاج؟‬
He learnt the craft from his father, and he taught it to me
when I was a child.
2. Adnan runs workshops and gives demonstrations for a
reason. Write down this reason
‫ أكتب هذا السبب؟‬. ‫يدير عدنان ورش العمل ويعطي مظاهرات لسبب ما‬
He wants young people to learn the craft.
3. Quite the sentence which indicates that Adnan uses an
ancient way for glassblowing
‫اقتبس الجملة التي تشير الى أن عدنان يستخدم طريقة قديمة لنفخ الزجاج؟‬
Adnan still uses the technique that was first developed by
the Phoenicians some 2,000 years ago.
4. There are several processes for making glass from
sand?
‫هنالك عدة عمليات لصنع الزجاج من الرمل؟‬
First, he pushes a thin metal blowpipe into the boiling hot
furnace. Secondly, he lifts out the liquid sand and lays it on
a metal plate. After that, he blows the red-hot glass until it
becomes more flexible.
Then he pulls and bends the glass into shape.
5. Find a word in the text which means “Someone who is
very skilled at a particular craft”
‫ شخص ماهر جدا في حرفة معينة؟‬,‫جد كلمة في النص والتي تعني‬
Craftsman
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Rashed‟s blog post
‫مدونة راشد اإللكترونية‬
Hi! My name is Rashed. I’m staying in London for a week,
with my family. I hope you enjoy reading my blog
‫ آمل أن تستمتعو بقراءة‬.,‫ أنا أقيم في لندن مع عائلتي لمدة أسبوع‬.‫مرحبا! اسمي راشد‬
.‫مدونتي‬
Wednesday
yesterday was brilliant. We decided to go to the Victoria
and Albert Museum (also known as the V&A), which is a big
museum of art and design in central London. It has one of
the largest collections of Islamic art in the world and, as
you can imagine, we were keen to have a look.
‫األربعاء‬
‫ قررنا الذهاب الى متحف فكتوريا وألبرت وهو متحف كبير للفن‬,‫األمس كان رائعا‬
(V&A) ‫والتصميم والمعروف ايضا باسم‬
‫ وكما يمكنك ان‬.‫انها واحدة من أكبر مجموعات الفن اإلسالمي في العالم‬.‫في وسط لندن‬
.‫تتخيل كنا حريصين على أن نلقي نظرة‬
We spent most of our time in the Jameel Gallery, which
opened in2006 CE. There were about 10,000 items on
display (no, I didn’t count them; the guide told us!). There
were carpets and other textiles as well as pottery,
ceramics, paintings and things made of ivory (from
elephants), wood, metal and glass. My favourite thing was
a beautiful Egyptian jug, which looked as if it was made out
of glass. In fact it is rock crystal, and it was made over ten
thousand years ago. The person who made it must have
been incredibly skilled.
10 ‫ كان هنالك حوالي‬. ‫ م‬2006 ‫ الذي افتتح في عام‬,‫قضينا معظم وقتنا في معرض جميل‬
‫ كانت هناك سجاد ومنسوجات‬.)!‫ أخبرنا الدليل‬,‫ لم اكن اعدها‬,‫ ( ال‬.‫اآلف قطعة معروضة‬
‫ وكذلك فخار وخزف ولوحات واشياء مصنوعة من العاج ( من الفيلة) والخشب‬,‫اخرى‬
‫والذي بدا كما لو أنه‬.‫ وكان الشيء المفضل لدي ابريق مصري جميل‬. ‫والمعدن والزجاج‬
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‫ ومصنوع قبل أكثر من عشرة‬,‫ إنه من البلور الصخري‬,‫ في الواقع‬.‫مصنوع من الزجاج‬
.‫ وبشكل ال يصدق فان الشخص الذي صنعه ال بد وانه كان ماهرا‬.‫آالف سنة‬
.
We were at the V&A all day (there’s a good café there, and
an excellent shop too!). Then, although we were quite tired,
in the evening we went to a concert at the Royal Albert
Hall. The orchestra was from Germany and it was brilliant!
We had comfortable seats, but a lot of people stood right in
front of the orchestra. They didn’t sit down at all! I've never
stood all the way through a concert and I don't think I'd like
to!
‫ ومتجر‬,‫ طوال الوقت( هناك مقهى جيد‬A & V ‫كنا في‬
‫ في المساء ذهبنا الى حفل موسيقي‬,‫ على الرغم من اننا كنا متعبين جدا‬, ‫ ثم‬.)!‫ممتاز أيضا‬
‫ كانت الفرقة الموسيقية من ألمانيا وكانت بارعة! كان لدينا مقاعد‬.‫في قاعة ألبرت الملكية‬
‫ ولم يجلسوا على اإلطالق!لم‬.‫ ولكن الكثير من الناس وقفوا أمام الفرقة الموسقية تماما‬,‫مريحة‬
.!‫ وال اعتقد انني أود فعل ذلك‬,‫يسبق لي أن وقفت في حفل موسيقي أبدا‬
Answer the questions the blog post.
1. Where was Rashed when he wrote the blog?
‫اين كان راشد عندما كتب المدونة؟‬
He was in London.
2. What did he most enjoy looking at?
‫ما لذي استمتع بالنظر اليه اكثر؟‬
A beautiful Egyptian jug.
3. Where did he go in the evening?
‫الى اين ذهب في المساء؟‬
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A concert at the Royal Albert Hall.
4. What bothered him?
‫ما الذي ازعجه؟‬
A lot of people stood in front of the orchestra and didn’t sit
down at all.
5. Why did Rashed and his family decide to go to the V& A
Museum?
‫؟‬V @ A ‫لماذا يقرر راشد وعائلته أن يذهب الى متحف‬
Because the V&A has one of the largest collections of
Islamic art in the world.
6. Name four materials that Rashed mentions
‫سم أربع مواد ذكرها راشد؟‬
Glass, metal, ivory, wood.
7. Look at the words and phrases in bold. Is Rashed using
British or American English? Justify your answer
‫ هل يستخدم راشد اللغة االنجليزية البريطانية‬.‫انظر على الكلمات والعبارت بالخط العريض‬
.‫ام االمريكية؟ برر اجابتك‬
Rashed is using British English. He says ‘have a look’
instead of ‘take a look’; he spills ‘favourite’ with ‘ou’
instead of ‘o’; and he uses the present perfect instead of
the past simple in ‘I’ve never stood all the way through a
concern.’
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Literature spot A / S.B pages 81 -85
I Remember, I Remember
Thomas Hood (1799 CE–1845 CE) was a British poet and
humorist (a humorist is someone who writes comedy).
I remember, I remember,
The house where I was born,
The little window where the sun came
peeping in at morn;
He never came a wink too soon,
Nor brought too long a day,
But now, I often wish the night
Had borne my breath away!
‫ أنا أتذكر‬, ‫أنا أتذكر‬
‫البيت الذي ولدت فيه‬
‫النافدة الصغيرة حيث الشمس‬
,‫كانت تختلس النظر صباحا‬
‫لم تتالشى أبدا بسرعة‬
,‫و لم تشرق طويال‬
‫ أتمنى أن الليل‬,‫لكن أالن‬
!‫قد اخذ أنفاسي بعيدا‬
I remember, I remember,
The roses, red and white,
The vi’lets, and the lily- cups,
Those flowers made of light!
The lilacs where the robin built,
And where my brother set
The laburnum on his birthday,—
The tree is living yet!
‫ اتذكر‬,‫أتذكر‬
,‫ حمراء و بيضاء‬,‫األزهار‬
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,‫و بنفسجية و اتذكر فناجين الزنبق‬
!‫هذه األزهار النورانية‬
,‫و أزهار اليللك حيث‬
,‫طائر الحناء بنى عشه‬
,‫و حيث زرع أخي شجرة‬
,‫يوم عيد ميالده‬
!‫الشجرة ما زالت حية حتى اآلن‬
I remember, I remember,
Where I was used to swing,
And thought the air must rush as fresh
To swallows on the wing;
My spirit flew in feathers then,
That is so heavy now,
And summer pools could hardly cool
The fever on my brow!
,‫انا أتذكر انا اتذكر‬
,‫حيث كنت اتارجح‬
‫معتقدا أن الهواء سيمر منعشا‬
,‫مداعبا أجنحة طيور السنونو‬
,‫روحي طارت بأجنحة حينها‬
,‫لكنها ثقيلة جدا اآلن‬
‫و برك الصيف يصعب أن تلطف‬
!‫الحمى على أجفاني‬
I remember, I remember,
The fir trees dark and high;
I used to think their slender tops
Were close against the sky:
It was a childish ignorance,
But now ’tis little joy
To know I’m farther off from heav’n
Than when I was a boy.
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‫ أنا اتذكر‬,‫أنا أتذكر‬
,‫أشجار التنوب داكنة و عالية‬
‫كنت أظن أن قممها النحيلة‬
:‫كانت قريبة من السماء‬
,‫جهل الطفولة‬-‫كانت تلك براءة‬
‫لكن اآلن أنها متعة قليلة‬
‫بان اعرف باني بعيد عن السماء‬
.‫اكثر مما كنت طفال‬
Word
Peep
Morn
Vi‘lets/lily/ lilac
Laburnum
Swing
Personification
Swallow
Feathers
Fever
Slender
Ignorance
Stanza
Meaning
‫يختلس النظر‬
‫الصباح‬
‫انواع ورود‬
‫شجر األبنوس‬
‫يتأرجح‬
‫تشخيص‬
‫طائر السنونو‬
‫ريش‬
‫حمى‬
‫نحيل‬
‫عدم معرفة‬
‫مقطع من القصيدة‬
It is a reflective poem in which the poet is looking back at his
childhood, and it is rather sentimental.
In the poem, Hood initially portrays his childhood and the house
where he was born. Those beautiful days where the sun rays
came and beautiful days were therein the proportion. However
in the last two lines, he says about his present situation and
how he wished the night had tolerated his breath.
The second stanza describes about the days of his childhood,
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where he sees and feels the beautiful colors of roses and lilies
and the lilacs and talks about a tree that he and his brother
spent days even on his brother’s day.
However in the third stanza, he gives a combination feel of his
past and present. He says about playing with a swing and
enjoying the breeze and wind and he was all energetic and high
in sprits and when he recalls those times with his present, he
does not even have the energy to lift a brow. The pool water
was very cool andenjoyable, but now it is not even sufficient to
cool his fever. The last stanza says that he remembers how he
used to think in the wildest manners about tress and their
heights that they reached the sky which was so childish and
now as a frown up, he misses all those thoughts and days and
he understand that nothing is attainable that he desires for at
this point of time.
The poet wishes to get back his childhood days and the energy
and be free from pain that he suffers now as a grown up. A
wonderful poem that gives a high contrast to the childhood
days and experience, a world with beautiful thoughts and an
adult world filled with regrets and losses and pain.
In the first stanza, Hood speaks about his childhood and where
he was born with happy memories. However, the last two lines
suggest that his present situation is not very good – perhaps he
is ill and near death. (In fact, the poet was unwell when he
wrote this.)
The second stanza is about his childhood and it talks about
happy memories
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In the third stanza, there is a contrast between the past and the
present. He says that he was in high spirits as a young
person(My spirit flew in feathers
then on line 21), which contrasts with how he feels now (That is
so heavy now on line 22).
In the fourth stanza, he thinks of how he had childish thoughts
as a young person, and wants to go back to those times rather
than be as he is now (lines 29–32).
Literary terms
Mood: in poetry refers to the general tone or attitude that the
poet aims at creating.
Rhythm: in poetry, explain that it refers to the arrangement of
words in a regular pattern for each line.
Onomatopoeia: when the sound of the word read aloud is
similar to its meaning, e.g. fizz, pop, growl
Personification: is to give human qualities to nonhuman.
Literary / Rhetorical devices in the poem:
1. Personification:
the sun came peeping in at morn
‘I often wish the night / Had borne my breath away!
My spirit flew in feathers then
Summer pools could hardly cool / The fever on my brow!
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2. Onomatopoeic words:
Peep (line 4)/ rush (line 19)/ swing (line 18)/ fresh (line 19)
Vocabulary
Answer the questions
1.Why does the poet describe the sun as peeping in (line 4)?
‫لماذا يصف الشاعر الشمس بانها تدخل خلسه؟‬
It suggests that it slowly got brighter and brighter: at first it
wasn`t very bright.
2.How the word wing (line 20) and the phrase flew in feathers
(line 21) help us to work out the meaning of swallows (line 20)?
‫كيف تساعدنا الكلمة جناح و شبه الجملة طارت بريش على معرفة معنى كلمة سنونو؟‬
We know that wings and feathers are both things that birds
have, and that they fly so a swallow must be a kind of bird.
Comprehension
1. How does the poet contrast his memories of the past with the
present day in the third stanza? Refer to words in bold in your
answer.
‫كيف يقارن الشاعر ذكرياته في الماضي مع الحاضر في المقطع الثالث من القصيدة؟ اشر إلى‬
‫الكلمات بالغامق في إجابتك؟‬
He remembers his childhood being very happy(my spirit flew in
feathers then) but now he is not so happy (that is so heavy
now).He also remembers the summer pools that he probably
used to enjoy cooling off and swimming in on hot summer days/,
but says that he is so ill now that they wouldn`t be able to cool
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him down (and summer pools could hardly cool/ the fever on my
brow!)
‫يتذكر طفولته بأنها كانت سعيدة (روحي كانت تطير حينها لكنه اآلن ليس سعيدا كثيرا )ذلك ثقيل‬
‫ لكنه يقول انه اآلن مريض جدا لدرجة‬,‫جدا( أيضا يتذكر برك الصيف التي ربما كان يستمتع بها‬
.‫أنها ال يمكن أن تطفئ حرارته)و برك الصيف يصعب أن تبرد الحمى في أجفاني‬
2. In line(29), the poet refers to his ”childish ignorance”. What
was he ignorant about?
‫ الشاعر يشير إلى جهل طفولته ماذا كان يجهل؟‬29 ‫في سطر‬
The poet was ignorant about the size of the world; he used to
think that the tops of the fir trees nearly touched the sky. The
poet probably thought this because he was short and the trees
were so tall that he thought they must touch the sky.
‫ الشاعر ظن‬.‫ كان يعتقد أن قمم أشجار التنوب كادت تالمس السماء‬.‫الشاعر كان جاهال لحجم العالم‬
‫ذلك ربما ألنه كان قصير القامة و األشجار كانت عالية جدا لدرجة انه ظن أنها تالمس السماء‬
Analysis
Discuss these questions in pairs.
1. In the second stanza, the poet expresses amazement that a
tree(where my brother set/ the laburnum on his birthday)is still
living, many years after it was planted. What does this tell us
about the poet`s views of our relationship with nature?
‫في المقطع الثاني يعبر الشاعر عن الدهشة بان الشجرة التي زرعها شقيقه ما زالت حية بعد سنوات‬
‫من زراعتها ماذا يخبرنا هذا عن نظرة الشاعر عن عالقتنا بالطبيعة؟‬
He is amazed by how trees can live so long, whereas people
come and go. The poet seems to receive a great deal of
pleasure from nature.
‫الشاعر مندهش كيف تعيش األشجار طويال بينما البشر يأتون و يذهبون يبدو أن الشاعر تلقى الكثير‬
.‫من السعادة من الطبيعة‬
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2. The last three lines of the third and fourth stanza suggest
that the author has lost his youthful joy and optimism. Do you
agree with this view point ?Justify your answer.
‫آخر ثالثة اسطر من المقطع الرابع تشير إلى أن الكاتب قد فقد سعادة و تفاءل الشباب هل توافق‬
‫على وجهة النظر هذه؟ برر إجابتك؟‬
I agree with this viewpoint because the author`s past was
happier than now.
(My spirit….. is so heavy now).However, the poet is worried
about what will happen after his death, as a child he was closer
to heaven than he is now(to know that I’m farther off from
heav`n- than when I was a boy)
‫أوافق ماضي المؤلف أكثر سعادة من اآلن(روحي ثقيلة)على أي حال الشاعر قلق على ماذا سيحدث‬
‫ أكثر مما‬-‫ في الماضي كان اقرب إلى السماء)هللا(أكثر من اآلن)أنا ابعد عن السماء‬,‫له بعد موته‬
.‫كنت طفال‬
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All the World’s a Stage
by William Shakespeare (from As you like it, Act II Scene VI)
All the world’s a stage,
Boyhood stage
And all the men and women merely players;
They have their exits and their entrances,
And one man in his time plays many parts, …
At first, the infant,
Mewling and puking in the nurse’s arms.
Then the whining schoolboy, with his satchel
And shining morning face, creeping like snail
Unwillingly to school. …
Then a soldier,
Full of strange oaths and bearded like the pard,
Jealous in honor, sudden and quick in quarrel,
Seeking the bubble reputation
Even in the cannon’s mouth.
And then the justice,
In fair round belly with good capon lined,
With eyes severe and beard of formal cut,
Full of wise saws and modern instances;
And so he plays his part.
Old age stage
... Into the lean and slippered pantaloon,
With spectacles on nose and pouch on side;
His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide
For his shrunk shank, and his big manly voice,
Turning again toward childish treble, pipes
And whistles in his sound.
Last scene of all,
That ends this strange eventful history,
Is second childishness and mere oblivion,
Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything
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‫ما العالم إال مسرح‬
‫مرحلة الطفولة المبكرة‬
‫وكل الرجال و النساء مجرد ممثلون‬
‫لهم مداخلهم و مخارجهم‬
‫و الرجل في عمره يؤدي عدة ادوار‬
‫أولها كطفل‬
‫مرحلة الطفولة المتأخرة‬
‫يبكي و يرفس بين ذراعي حاضنته‬
‫ثم ابن المدرسة المنتحب بحقيبته‬
‫ووجهه البريء المشع يزحف‬
‫كالقوقعة على مضض إلى المدرسة‬
‫مرحلة الرجولة المبكرة‬
‫ثم كجندي‬
‫مفعم بوعود غريبة ملتحي كالنمر‬
‫غيور على الشرف مفاجئ و سريع‬
‫في القتال سعيا وراء السمعة‬
‫الوهمية حتى في فم المدفع‬
‫مرحلة الرجولة المتأخرة‪ -‬وسط العمر‬
‫ثم الحكمة‪-‬القضاء‬
‫بكرش كبير من تناول الكثير من اللحم‬
‫و بعينين قاسيتين و بلحية جميلة‬
‫غنيا بالحكمة و األقوال الحكيمة‬
‫و هكذا يؤدي دوره‬
‫مرحلة الكهولة‪ -‬نهاية العمر‬
‫الرجل العجوز اآلن بخفة الداخلي‬
‫و النظارات على انفه و حقيبة على‬
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‫جانبه لحفظ ماله‪ ,‬العالم أوسع‬
‫من ساقه المنكمشة‪ ,‬و صوته‬
‫الرجولي الضخم يعود ثانية عاليا‬
‫كصوت طفل صغير‬
‫آخر جميع المشاهد‬
‫ما يقضي على هذا التاريخ الحافل‬
‫هو طفولة ثانية و مجرد نسيان‬
‫بدون اسنان وبدون عيون‬
‫وبدون لسان وبدون اي شيء‬
‫‪Meaning‬‬
‫مرحلة‬
‫ببساطة‬
‫موت‬
‫حياة‬
‫حقيبة مدرسية‬
‫رضيع‬
‫بال رغبة‬
‫قسم –يمين‬
‫متقلص‬
‫نسيان‬
‫غيور‬
‫شجار‬
‫مدفع‬
‫العدالة‬
‫لحية‬
‫رجل مسن‬
‫كيس‬
‫نظارات‬
‫بال – بدون‬
‫تشبيه‬
‫‪200‬‬
‫‪Word‬‬
‫‪Stage‬‬
‫‪Merely‬‬
‫‪Exit‬‬
‫‪Entrance‬‬
‫‪Satchel‬‬
‫‪Infant‬‬
‫‪Unwillingly‬‬
‫‪Oath‬‬
‫‪Shrunk‬‬
‫‪Oblivion‬‬
‫‪Jealous‬‬
‫‪Quarrel‬‬
‫‪Cannon‬‬
‫‪Justice‬‬
‫‪Beard‬‬
‫‪Pantaloons‬‬
‫‪Pouch‬‬
‫‪Spectacles‬‬
‫‪Sans‬‬
‫‪Simile‬‬
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Shakespeare was an English playwright and poet (1564 CE–
1616 CE), who is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the
English language. The excerpt is part of one of the most
frequently quoted speeches in the whole of Shakespearean
literature. The speech takes place in a forest, and it is spoken
by a man named Jacques, who is a thinker and philosopher.
The other characters try to tease him about his cynical outlook
on life. This speech is his reply. The man in the poem goes
through these stages all expressed in a sardonic when not
bitter tone:
Infant: In this stage he is a helpless baby and knows little.
Schoolboy: It is in that stage of life that he begins to go to
school. He is unwilling to leave the protected environment of
his home as he is still not confident enough to exercise his own
discretion.
Soldier: He is very easily aroused and is hot-headed. He is
always working towards making a reputation for himself,
however short-lived it may be, even at the cost of foolish risks.
Justice : ( late adulthood) in this stage he thinks he has
acquired wisdom through the many experiences he has had in
life, and is likely to impart it. He has reached a stage where he
has gained prosperity and social status. He becomes vain and
begins to enjoy the finer things of life.
Old Age: He is a shell of his former self — physically and
mentally. He begins to become the joke of others. He loses his
firmness and assertiveness, and shrinks in stature and
personality.
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1. In lines 10-14, the poet describes the soldier`s life. Which
word refers to a weapon used by soldiers?
‫ الشاعر يصف حياة الجندي ما الكلمة التي تشير إلى سالح يستخدمه‬1 4-10 ‫في األسطر‬
‫الجنود؟‬
Cannon
2. Compare lines 8 and 11. How do they convey the images
of a boy and a soldier?
‫ كيف يعكسان صور الولد و الجندي؟‬11 ‫ و‬8 ‫قارن السطرين‬
The schoolboy is represented as innocent and clean with
his “shining morning face” in line 8. This is contrasted
strongly with the soldier in line 11, who is” bearded like
the leopard”
3. Describe in your own words, the image that the poet has
created of the old man (lines20-25). What is the old man
wearing? How do his clothes fit him? What does his voice
sound like?
‫ للرجل عندما‬25-20 ‫صف بكلماتك الخاصة الصورة التي إنشائها الشاعر في األسطر‬
‫يصبح عجوزا ماذا يلبس الرجل العجوز؟ كيف تالؤمه مالبسه؟ كيف يبدو صوته؟‬
He is now thin and stays indoors (slippered refers to
footwear that people wear indoors, and pantaloons means
old man in this context). He wears spectacles and has his
bag for carrying his money with him. His legs have grown
thinner, so his trousers do not fit well and his voice has
become high again like a child`s.
4.Which word in “man`s last stage” sums up the last line of
the speech: Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans
everything?
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‫ بدون أسنان‬:‫أي كلمة في أخر مرحلة من مراحل اإلنسان تلخص أخر سطر في الخطاب‬
‫بدون عيون بدون لسان بدون إي شيء؟‬
Sans meaning “without”, so at the end the person has
nothing- he can`t eat because he has no teeth, he can`t
see and he loses his sense of taste.
Comprehension
1.What are the five stages of a human`s life, according to the
speech? List them in correct order.
‫ما هي المراحل الخمس لحياة اإلنسان حسب الخطاب‬
1. babyhood (infant) 2. Childhood (the schoolboy) 3.Early
adulthood (the soldier) 4. Late adulthood/ middle age (the
justice) 5. Old age (second babyhood/ childhood)
2. What does the playwright suggest about the soldier, in lines
10 to 14? Choose the correct answer and justify it.
‫ اختر االجابه و قل‬1 4-10 ‫ماذا يقول الكاتب المسرحي عن الجندي في األسطر‬
‫لماذا؟‬
A.his life is short
B. he does not like conflict
C. he is aggressive and gets angry or violent easily.
The soldier is “jealous in honor, sudden and quick in quarrel”.
He is also “seeking the bubble reputation” (he does things that
make him look good even if they are pointless) “even in the
cannon`s mouth” (even if it means standing in front of guns.
3. How does the playwright describe the appearance of the
middle aged person?
‫كيف يصف الكاتب المسرحي مظهر اإلنسان المتوسط العمر؟‬
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The middle aged person is fat from eating too much “round
belly “on line 16” he has got hard eyes and a neat beard and
knows lots of wise sayings.
4.Look at the phrase in bold on lines 19 and 26 of the speech.
How is the life of person compared to an actor in the theatre?
‫ادرس العبارات المكتوبة الخط الغامض كيف يصف الكاتب اإلنسان في أول مرحلة و أخر مرحلة‬
‫من حياته؟‬
A “part” is a role in a play and the expression is “to play a part”.
The last scene is the end of the play and Shakespeare is
connecting this to the end of life.
5.How does the playwright describe the person in the first and
last stage of life?
‫كيف يصف الكاتب المسرحي اإلنسان في أول و أخر مرحلة من حياته ؟‬
They are both like young children- the first one is a baby, but
the second is an old person.
6. What does the playwright mean by the line,”this strange
eventful history”?(line27”
‫؟‬27‫ماذا يعني الكاتب بالسطر "هذا التاريخ الحافل الغريب" سطر‬
He means that life can be strange with lots of things happening
in it.
Analysis:
1.Which simile does the playwright use to describe the
schoolboy as he walks to school?
‫ما هو التشبيه الذي يستخدمه الكاتب لوصف المدرس أثناء ذهابه مشيا إلى المدرسة؟‬
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The poet uses “creeping like snail”, meaning going very slowly.
2.Find another example of a simile in speech which two things
are being compared?
‫جد تشبيها أخر في الخطاب ما الذي يتم مقارنتهما معا؟‬
Bearded like the pard”Shakespeare is comparing a soldier to a
leopard.
3.In your opinion, which stage do you think the playwright
believes to be the most positive?
‫برأيك أي مرحلة الكاتب يعتقد بأنها ايجابية؟‬
I think he believes middle age is the most positive, because
when the person has become a judge, he`s full of wise sayings.
He is also well fed and serious in manner and appearance.
4.Read the poem I remember, I remember again on page 81,
and compare both authors` attitudes to childhood. In what ways
do they differ? In what ways are they similar? Which one do you
prefer?
‫ كيف‬,‫ كيف يختلفان‬,‫ وقارن موقف الكاتبين من الطفولة‬,81 ‫ اتذكر ثانية صفحة‬,‫اقرأ القصيدة أتذكر‬
‫ أي الموقفين تفضل؟‬,‫يتشابهان‬
The poet and the playwright have very different views of
childhood. Firstly, the poet sees it as a positive time of life,
whereas the playwright doesn’t portray either the baby or the
school boy very favorably. Playwright is generalizing.
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The Old Man and the Sea
by Ernest Hemingway
Santiago is an old fisherman in Cuba, but for the last eighty-four
days he hasn’t caught any fish. His friend, a young fisherman
named Manolin, helps him to bring in his empty boat every
day.Manolin has been Santiago’s fishing partner for years.
Santiago had taught him all about fishing, and has done so
since he was a boy of five years old. Now, the young
man’s parents want him to fish with a more productive partner.
‫ صديقه‬.‫ لكنه لألربع و ثمانون يوما الماضية لم يصطد أي سمكة‬,‫سانتياغو صياد عجوز من كوبا‬
‫ مانولين شريك لسنتياغو في‬.‫ يساعده في جلب قاربه الفارغ كل يوم‬,‫صياد شاب اسمه مانولين‬
.‫ سانتياغو علمه كل شيء عن الصيد منذ كان مانولين ولدا عمره خمس سنوات‬.‫الصيد منذ سنين‬
.‫ والدا الشاب يريدان منه أن يصطاد مع شريك كسيب أكثر‬,‫اآلن‬
The next morning, Santiago leaves early and sails far out to sea
to try his luck again. Eventually, he feels a bite on one of his
hooks, and he works out that it must be a big fish, perhaps a
marlin. The fish is strong, though, and does not come up to the
surface. Instead, the fish swims away, dragging the old man
and his boat along.
‫ يشعر‬,‫ أخيرا‬.‫ سانتياغو يغادر مبكرا و يبحر بعيدا في البحر ليجرب حظه ثانية‬,‫في الصباح التالي‬
‫ السمكة قوية لذلك ال‬. ‫ ربما سمكة المارلين‬,‫ و يعتقد بأنها سمكة كبيرة‬,‫بالطعم على إحدى صناراته‬
.‫ بدال من ذلك تسبح بعيدا ساحبة الرجل العجوز و قاربه أماما‬.‫تظهر على السطح‬
This goes on until the sun goes down, and eventually Santiago
can’t see the land any more at all.
.‫هذا يستمر حتى تغيب الشمس و أخيرا ال يستطيع سانتياغو رؤية البر بالمرة‬
As night falls, he wraps the fishing line around himself, and
goes to sleep, leaving his left hand on the rope to wake him if
the marlin surfaces. Soon, the old man is asleep, dreaming of
the lions he used to see when he was a boy in Africa.
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‫ تاركا يده اليسار على الحبل ليوقظه إذا‬, ‫عندما يهبط الليل يلف خيط الصيد حول نفسه و ينام‬
‫ سريعا العجوز يغرق في النوم حالما باألسود التي رآها عندما كان‬.‫ظهرت المارلين على السطح‬
.‫طفال في إفريقيا‬
Santiago is awoken in the night when he feels the marlin pulling
on the line in his hand. The marlin leaps out of the water, and
Santiago has to hold on to the line with all his strength to avoid
being pulled into the sea.
‫ المارلين تقفز من الماء و على‬.‫سانتياغو يصحو ليال عندما يشعر بان المارلين تشد الخيط من يده‬
.‫سانتياغو أن يتمسك بالخيط بكل قوته حتى يتجنب سحبه إلى البحر‬
Santiago ties the marlin’s body to his boat and prepares to sail
home. Before he reaches land, though, he is attacked by
several sharks. He kills one with a harpoon and another with his
knife. The blood in the water attracts more sharks. Santiago
has to beat them away with a club and is badly injured himself.
‫ قبل أن يصل البر تهاجمه عدة‬.‫سانتياغو يربط جسم المارلين إلى قاربه و يستعد لإليجار إلى البيت‬
‫ الدم في الماء يجذب المزيد من القرش على‬.‫ يقتل إحداها برمح و أخرى بسكينه‬.‫اسماك قرش‬
.‫سانتيوغو أن يبعدها بهراوة فيصيب نفسه بجروح بليغة‬
When he arrives back at the harbor, everyone is asleep.
Arriving home, Santiago collapses on his bed in exhaustion and
falls asleep.
.‫ الجميع نيام عندما يصل البيت ينهار على السرير متعبا و يغرق في النوم‬,‫عندما يعود إلى الميناء‬
The next morning, Manolin finds Santiago in his hut and cries
over the old man’s injuries.Manolin reassures Santiago that the
great fish didn’t beat him and that they will fish together again.
He tells him that the old man still has much to teach him.
‫مانولين‬.‫ مانولين يجد العجوز في كوخه و يبكي بسبب جراح الرجل العجوز‬, ‫في الصباح التالي‬
‫ يقول له بان لدى‬.‫يؤكد لسانتياغو بان السمكة الضخمة لم تهزمه و بأنهما سيصطادان معا ثانية‬
.‫العجوز الكثير ليعلمه إياه‬
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That afternoon, some tourists see the marlin’s skeleton and ask
a waiter what it is. Trying to explain what happened to the
marlin, the waiter replies, ‘shark.’ The tourists misunderstand
and assume that is what the skeleton is. They don’t realize that
it is actually a marlin, the biggest fish ever caught in the village,
at more than five metres long.
‫محاوال شرح ما‬. ‫بعد الظهيرة بعض السائحين يرون هيكل المارلين العظمي و يسالون النادل ما هو‬
‫ال يدركون‬.‫النادل يقول "أنها سمكة قرش السائحون ال يفهمونه و يظنونه هيكل قرش‬,‫حدث للمارلين‬
.‫بطول اكثر من خمسة امتار‬,‫ اكبر سمكة تم اصطيادها في القرية‬,‫انها مارلين بالفعل‬
Meanwhile, Santiago is sleeping and once again, dreaming of
the lions he saw in Africa long ago, when he was young.
.‫ و ثانية يحلم باألسود التي رآها في إفريقيا عندما كان صغيرا‬,‫في هذه اإلثناء سانتياغو نائم‬
Word
Fisherman
Partener
Eventually
Marline
Collapse
Exhaustion
Wrap
Leap out
Struggle
Injured
Skeleton
Misunderstand
Meaning
‫صياد‬
‫شريك‬
‫واخيرا‬
‫نوع سمك‬
‫ينهار‬
‫ارهاق‬
‫يلف‬
‫يقفز‬
‫صراع‬
‫مجروح‬
‫هيكل عظمي‬
‫يسيء الفهم‬
Ernest Hemingway was an American author (1899 CE–1961 CE)
and this novel was written in 1952 CE. Hemingway won the
Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953 CE for The Old Man and the
Sea, and it was also mentioned when he won the Nobel Prize for
Literature in 1954 CE.
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Analysis of Major Characters
Santiago :
Santiago suffers terribly throughout The Old Man and the Sea.
In the opening pages of the book, he has gone eighty-four days
without catching a fish and has become the laughingstock of
his small village. He then endures a long and grueling struggle
with the marlin only to see his trophy catch destroyed by
sharks. Yet, the destruction enables the old man to undergo a
remarkable transformation, and he wrests triumph and
renewed life from his seeming defeat After all, Santiago is an
old man whose physical existence is almost over, but the
reader is assured that Santiago will persist through Manolin,
who, like a disciple, awaits the old man’s teachings and will
make use of those lessons long after his teacher has died.
Thus, Santiago manages, perhaps, the most miraculous feat of
all: he finds a way to prolong his life after death.
Santiago’s commitment to sailing out farther than any
fisherman has before, to where the big fish promise to be,
testifies to the depth of his pride. Yet, it also shows his
determination to change his luck. For Santiago’s pride also
enables him to achieve his most true and complete self.
Furthermore, it helps him earn the deeper respect of the village
fishermen and secures him the prized companionship of the
boy—he knows that he will never have to endure such an epic
struggle again. Santiago’s pride is what enables him to endure,
and it is perhaps endurance that matters most in Hemingway’s
conception of the world—a world in which death and
destruction, as part of the natural order of things, are
unavoidable. Hemingway seems to believe that there are only
two options: defeat or endurance until destruction; Santiago
clearly chooses the latter. For three days, he holds fast to the
line that links him to the fish, even though it cuts deeply into his
palms, causes a crippling cramp in his left hand, and ruins his
back. This physical pain allows Santiago to forge a connection
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with the marlin that goes beyond the literal link of the line: his
bodily aches attest to the fact that he is well matched, that the
fish is a worthy opponent, and that he himself, because he is
able to fight so hard, is a worthy fisherman. This
connectedness to the world around him eventually elevates
Santiago beyond what would otherwise be his defeat. The old
man’s physical suffering leads to a more significant spiritual
triumph.
Manolin :
Manolin is present only in the beginning and at the end of The
Old Man and the Sea, but his presence is important because
Manolin’s devotion to Santiago highlights Santiago’s value as a
person and as a fisherman. Manolin demonstrates his love for
Santiago openly. He makes sure that the old man has food,
blankets, and can rest without being bothered. Despite
Hemingway’s insistence that his characters were a real old
man and a real boy, Manolin’s purity and singleness of purpose
elevate him to the level of a symbolic character. Manolin’s
actions are not tainted by the confusion, ambivalence, or
willfulness that typify adolescence. Instead, he is a companion
who feels nothing but love and devotion.
Themes
The Honor in Struggle, Defeat & Death
From the very first paragraph, Santiago is characterized as
someone struggling against defeat. He has gone eighty-four
days without catching a fish—he will soon pass his own record
of eighty-seven days. Almost as a reminder of Santiago’s
struggle, the sail of his skiff resembles “the flag of permanent
defeat.” But the old man refuses defeat at every turn: he
resolves to sail out beyond the other fishermen to where the
biggest fish promise to be. He lands the marlin, tying his record
of eighty-seven days after a brutal three-day fight, and he
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continues to ward off sharks from stealing his prey, even
though he knows the battle is useless.
Because Santiago is pitted against the creatures of the sea,
some readers choose to view the tale as a chronicle of man’s
battle against the natural world, but the novella is, more
accurately, the story of man’s place within nature. Both
Santiago and the marlin display qualities of pride, honor, and
bravery, and both are subject to the same eternal law: they
must kill or be killed. As Santiago reflects when he watches the
weary warbler fly toward shore, where it will inevitably meet
the hawk, the world is filled with predators, and no living thing
can escape the inevitable struggle that will lead to its death.
Santiago lives according to his own observation: “man is not
made for defeat . . . [a] man can be destroyed but not
defeated.” In Hemingway’s portrait of the world, death is
inevitable, but the best men (and animals) will nonetheless
refuse to give in to its power. Accordingly, man and fish will
struggle to the death, just as hungry sharks will lay waste to an
old man’s trophy catch.
Motifs
Motifs are recurring structures, contrasts, and literary devices
that can help to develop and inform the text’s major themes.
Life from Death
Death is the unavoidable force in the novella, the one fact that
no living creature can escape. But death, Hemingway
suggests, is never an end in itself: in death there is always the
possibility of the most vigorous life. The reader notes that as
Santiago slays the marlin, not
only is the old man reinvigorated by the battle, but the fish also
comes alive “with his death in him.” Life, the possibility of
renewal, necessarily follows on the heels of death.
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The Lions on the Beach
Santiago dreams his pleasant dream of the lions at play on the
beaches of Africa three times. The first time is the night before
he departs on his three-day fishing expedition, the second
occurs when he sleeps on the boat for a few hours in the middle
of his struggle with the marlin, and the third takes place at the
very end of the book. In fact, the sober promise of the triumph
and regeneration with which the novella closes is supported by
the final image of the lions. Because Santiago associates the
lions with his youth, the dream suggests the circular nature of
life. Additionally, because Santiago imagines the lions, fierce
predators, playing, his dream suggests a harmony between the
opposing forces—life and death, love and hate, destruction and
regeneration—of nature.
Symbols:
Symbols are objects, characters, figures, and colors used to
represent abstract ideas or concepts.
The Marlin
Magnificent and glorious, the marlin symbolizes the ideal
opponent. In a world in which“everything kills everything else in
some way,” Santiago feels genuinely lucky to find himself
matched against a creature that brings out the best in him: his
strength, courage, love, and respect.
The Sharks
The shovel-nosed sharks are little more than moving appetites
that thoughtlessly and gracelessly attack the marlin. As
opponents of the old man, they stand in bold contrast to the
marlin, which is worthy of Santiago’s effort and strength. They
symbolize and embody the destructive laws of the universe and
attest to the fact that those laws can be transcended only when
equals fight to the death. Because they are base predators,
Santiago wins no glory from battling them.
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Vocabulary
1. Look at the words in the box. Which one means ...
Productive
‫منتج‬
hook
‫صنارة‬
Drag surface
‫يظهر يسحب‬
Harpoon
‫رمح‬
club reassure
‫يطمئن هراوة‬
Assume
‫يفترض‬
1.A sharp, pointed weapon , like , a knife on a long stick?
……………….
2.A heavy object used for hitting? …………………..
3.To pull something heavy behind you? ……………………
4.Someone who is successful or who earns you money?
……………………
5.To believe something without questioning it?
…………………………..
6.To say something positive to someone who is worried about
something? …………..
7.A curved object on which to hang something, for example a
fish on a line? …………
8.To come to the top of the ocean or earth? …………………….
1.(harpoon) 2. (club) 3. (drag) 4. (productive) 5. (assume) 6.
(reassume) 7. (hook) 8. (surface)
Comprehension
2. Read the story again and answer the questions.
1. What evidence is there at the very beginning of the story that
Santiago is a very optimistic and determined person?
‫ما هو الدليل الموجود في بداية القصة على أن سانتياغو شخص متفائل و مصمم؟‬
He goes to sea to try his luck every day even though he hasn`t
caught anything for 84 days.
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2.When Santiago feels a bite on his line, he works out that “it
must be a big fish, perhaps a marlin”. What evidence is there
that he is correct?
‫عندما يشعر سانتياغو بالطعم على الخيط يظن أنها ال بد و أن تكون سمكة كبيرة ربما سمكة مارلين‬
‫ما الدليل على صدق ظنه؟‬
It drags the boat along for a long time, so it must be a big fish.
3.Why does Santiago go to sleep that night with the line tied
around himself?(paragraph4)
‫لماذا ينام سانتياغو تلك الليلة و الخيط مربوط حول جسمه؟‬
So that he doesn`t lose it in the water and also so that he feels it
when the fish pulls it.
4.How does Manolin try encouraging Santiago not to give up
fishing? What does this tell you about Manolin`s
character?(paragraph 9)
‫كيف يحاول مانولين تشجيع سانتياغو بان ال يترك مهنة الصيد ؟ ماذا يخبرك هذا عن شخصية‬
‫مانولين؟‬
Manolin tells Santiago that he beat the marlin and that he wants
to fish with him again because he still has a lot to learn.
Manolin reassures Santiago that the great fish didn`t beat him
and that they will fish together again. He tells him that the old
man still has much to teach him. Mandolin seems to be a caring
person; kind, thoughtful and loyal to Santiago.
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5. What is the reason for tourists` misunderstanding about the
skeleton was? (paragraph 10)
‫ما سبب عدم فهم السائحين عن الهيكل العظمي؟‬
The waiter couldn`t speak their language and was trying to
explain about the sharks. However, the tourists only
understood “shark” and assumed that the skeleton was the
skeleton of a shark.
Ideas :
3. Find a line in the story that represents the following ideas :
:‫جد السطر في القصة الذي يمثل األفكار التالية‬
1- memory:…………………………………….
2- determination: …………………………………
3- strenghth: ……………………………
4- suffering and pain :……………………………….
1. The numbers of the lines are taken from the students’ book.
1. lines 10–11 and 33–36
2. lines 1–2 and 13–15
3. lines 13–15 and 17–18
4. line 18 and line 21
4. In this retelling of the story, strength is represented in many
ways. Choose one example of strength and explain its
importance.
.‫ اختر مثاال على القوة ووضح أهميته‬.‫في إعادة سرد القصة القوة متمثلة بعدة أساليب‬
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The fish is an important representation of strength within the
story. After it bites the line, Santiago is constantly in
competition with it, needing to use ‘all his strength’ (line14) to
stay in his boat. It is also significant, since even though it is
stronger than Santiago, he manages to catch it.
Analysis:
5. Discuss these questions in pairs.
1 . Why do you think that Manolin’s parents want him to stop
fishing with Santiago? Do you think they were justified?
‫لماذا برأيك أراد والدا مانولين أن يمنعاه من أن الصيد مع سانتياغو ؟ هل تعتقد بأنهما كانا محقين؟‬
They don`t think Santiago is productive enough. I think they are
justified because if Manolin is not making any money, it means
that his whole family will have nothing to eat.
2. What is the importance of Santiago’s dreams of his youth,
and of the lions in Africa? How does this relate to the themes in
the story?
‫ و عن اسود إفريقيا؟كيف يتعلق هذا الحلم بمغزى القصة؟‬,‫ما أهمية حلم سانتياغو عن شبابه‬
Perhaps he is remembering his youth and wishing that he was
young again so that he had the strength to deal easily with the
problems at sea. Lions also signify strength. So, as well as the
theme of memory, the dreams relate to the theme of strength.
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Pronoun Line Reference
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