Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Lecture in English and Russian Lecture in English Module: Dynamics of multibody systems Lecturer: Prof. dr hab. inż. Wojciech Blajer PhD studies Semester: IV (Summer) Hours: 15 Type: Lecture Credit: individual project ECTS: 2 Contents. Introduction to multibody dynamics: tree structure and closed loop multibody systems, types of coordinates, constraints and constraint equations. Modeling of multibody systems in absolute coordinates: unconstrained system dynamics, kinematical constraints, differential-algebraic equations of motion and methods of their solution. Modeling of openloop multibody systems: the classical Lagrage’s and Gibbs’-Appell’s equations, and the projective scheme for obtaining the governing equations in joint coordinates. Treatment of closed loop multibody systems. Constraint violation problem. Applications to robotics, biomechanics, and simulation of motion of mechanisms. Module: Engineering mechanics I Lecturer: Prof. dr hab. inż. Wojciech Blajer Bachelor studies Semester: II (Summer) Hours: 30L + 30S Type: Lecture + Seminar Credit: Class tests + examination Contents. STATICS. Basic concepts of mechanics. Vectors and matrices. Principles of statics. Reactions at supports and connections. Systems of concurrent forces. Moment of a force about a point. Resultant of parallel forces. Couple and moment of a couple. Reduction of a general system of forces in a plane. Equilibrium conditions for a general system of forces in a plane. Friction and rolling resistance. Problems involving dry friction. Centers of gravity and centers of mass. Analysis of trusses: method of joint and method of sections. General systems of forces in space. KINEMATICS. Rectilinear motion of particles. Curvilinear motion of particles: position vector, velocity and acceleration, rectangular components of velocity and acceleration, radial and transverse components, tangential and normal components, problems. Introduction to kinematics of rigid bodies: translation, rotation about a fixed axis. General plane motion: absolute and relative velocity in plane motion, instantaneous center of rotation in plane motion, absolute and relative acceleration in plane motion, problems. Module: Engineering mechanics II Lecturer: Prof. dr hab. inż. Wojciech Blajer Bachelor studies Semester: III (Winter) Hours: 30L + 30S Type: Lecture + Seminar Credit: Class tests + examination Contents. KINETICS. Newton’s second law of motion. Dynamic equations of a particle in different coordinates. Inverse and forward dynamics problems. Vibrations of a particle: free vibrations, forced vibrations. Simulation of motion: analytical versus numerical solution. Computer simulations of free and forced vibrations. Dynamics of constrained motion of a particle. Dynamic equilibrium. Linear momentum of a particle. Angular momentum of a particle. Work of a force. Kinetic energy of a particle. Principle of work and energy and its applications, Potential energy. Conservation of energy. Application of Newton’s laws to the motion of a system of particles. Linear and angular momentum of a system of particles. Motion of the mass center of a system of particles. Kinetic energy of a system of particles. Work-energy principle for a system of particles. Equations of motion for a rigid body. Angular momentum of a rigid body in plane motion. Solutions of problems involving the motion of a rigid body. Principle of work and energy for a rigid body. Work of forces acting on a rigid body. Kinetic energy of a rigid body in plane motion. Conservation of energy. Module: Heat and heat-chemical treatment of iron-carbon alloys Dr hab. inż. Tomasz W. Budzynowski Summer term Number of hours – 30 ECTS – 2 Program of teaching: 1. Target of apply heat treatment 1.1. Ordinary temper 1.2. Gradual temper 1.3. Mode of annealing 1.4. Low – temperature treatment 2. Theoretical basis of heat treatment 3. Target of apply heat – chemical treatment 4. General characteristic of cuts footing the heat – chemical treatment 4.1. Cementation 4.2. Nitrocementation 4.3. Nitriding Module: Automotive diagnostic Lecturer: Krzysztof Górski, Ph.D. Semester: Winter Hours: 30 total (15 lectures + 15 laboratory) Type: Lecture and laboratory Credit: Multichoice test ECTS: 4 Topics of lectures: The main objectives of vehicle diagnostics. Legislative requirements in range of vehicle diagnostic. Internal combustion engine diagnostic. Computer software in vehicle’s diagnostic. Diagnostic of selected components used in on-road vehicles. Ecological aspects of automotive diagnostic. Topics of laboratory: Diagnosis of fuel injection equipment in diesel engines. European on Board Diagnostic System (EOBD). Oxygen sensor testing. Vehicle’s brakes diagnosis. Diagnostic of combustion chamber. Ignition system diagnostic. Vehicle’s noise emission. Testing of inductive type sensor. Module: Fundamentals of vehicles service and maintenanace Code: PRad/M/A/MB/eks/x/C1/ST/1(i)/5Z/29 Lecturer: Assoc. prof. Andrzej Kotnarowski (dr hab. inż. prof. nadzw. UTH) Semester: Winter Hours: 45 (30 + 15) Type: Lecture (30 hours) and Laboratory (15 hours) Credit ECTS: 4 Lecture content: Basic concepts concerning vehicles service and maintenance. Classification of service and maintenance processes. Quantitative measures of service and maintenance processes. Tribological processes in selected car kinematic joints. Basic regeneration (production) techniques of car piece-parts and subassemblies. Range and directions in technical objects (vehicles therein) service and maintenance Laboratory content: Wear assessment of car piece-parts after operational processes and their analysis in the aspect of usability. Model examination of kinematical joints. Determination of technical characteristics of chosen car subassemblies. Investigation of operational characteristics of car equipment elements. Module: Fundamentals of vehicles service and maintenanace Code: PRad/M/A/MB/eks/x/C1/NST/1(i)/5Z/19 Lecturer: Assoc. prof. Andrzej Kotnarowski (dr hab. inż. prof. nadzw. UTH) Semester: Winter Hours: 32(16 + 16) Type: Lecture (16 hours) and Laboratory (16 hours) Credit ECTS: 4 Lecture content: Basic concepts concerning vehicles service and maintenance. Classification of service and maintenance processes. Quantitative measures of service and maintenance processes. Tribological processes in selected car kinematic joints. Basic regeneration (production) techniques of car piece-parts and subassemblies. Range and directions in technical objects (vehicles therein) service and maintenance Laboratory content: Wear assessment of car piece-parts after operational processes and their analysis in the aspect of usability. Model examination of kinematical joints. Determination of technical characteristics of chosen car subassemblies. Investigation of operational characteristics of car equipment elements. Module: Fundamentals of vehicles service and maintenanace Code: PRad/M/A/LG/lwm/x/C/NST/1(i)/5Z/29 Lecturer: Assoc. prof. Andrzej Kotnarowski (dr hab. inż. prof. nadzw. UTH) Semester: Winter Hours: 16 (8 + 8) Type: Lecture (8 hours) and Laboratory (8 hours) Credit ECTS: 3 Lecture content: Basic concepts concerning vehicles service and maintenance. Classification of service and maintenance processes. Quantitative measures of service and maintenance processes. Tribological processes in selected car kinematic joints. Basic regeneration (production) techniques of car piece-parts and subassemblies. Range and directions in technical objects (vehicles therein) service and maintenance Laboratory content: Wear assessment of car piece-parts after operational processes and their analysis in the aspect of usability. Model examination of kinematical joints. Determination of technical characteristics of chosen car subassemblies. Investigation of operational characteristics of car equipment elements. Module: Fundamentals of vehicles service and maintenanace Code: PRad/M/A/LG/lwm/x/C/ST/1(i)/5Z/29 Lecturer: Assoc. prof. Andrzej Kotnarowski (dr hab. inż. prof. nadzw. UTH) Semester: Winter Hours: 45 (30 + 15) Type: Lecture (30 hours) and Laboratory (15 hours) Credit ECTS: 4 Lecture content: Basic concepts concerning vehicles service and maintenance. Classification of service and maintenance processes. Quantitative measures of service and maintenance processes. Tribological processes in selected car kinematic joints. Basic regeneration (production) techniques of car piece-parts and subassemblies. Range and directions in technical objects (vehicles therein) service and maintenance Laboratory content: Wear assessment of car piece-parts after operational processes and their analysis in the aspect of usability. Model examination of kinematical joints. Determination of technical characteristics of chosen car subassemblies. Investigation of operational characteristics of car equipment elements. Module: Methods of protective coatings evaluation Code: PRad/M/A/MB/trs/x/C1/ST/2(m)/4L/27 Lecturer: Assoc. prof. Danuta Kotnarowska (dr hab. inż. prof. nadzw. UTH) Semester: Summer Hours: 30 (15 + 15) Type: Lecture (15 hours) and Laboratory (15 hours) Credit ECTS: 3 Lecture content: Classification of destruction types of protective coatings (polymer, metallic, conversion, ceramic). Kinds of coating damages (technological defects, operational failures). Corrosive wear of the system polymer coating – metallic substrate. Biological corrosion of protective coatings. Cracking (fatigue) and blistering of protective coatings. Silver cracking of polymer coatings under the influence of ultraviolet radiation and as the result of tensile stress. Influence of environment on surface roughness increase of protective coatings. Erosive wear of coatings. Development of pores in polymer coatings under the influence of operational factors. Classification of methods of protective coatings investigations. Standardized examination of protective coating properties. Unconventional methods of destruction investigation in polymer protective coatings: mercury and nitrogen porosimetry, infrared spectroscopy, scanning and tunnel electron microscopy, derivative, roentgen and thermomechanic investigations. Laboratory content: Examination of protective coating thickness. Examination of polymer coating shine. Evaluation of coatings resistance to bending and scratching. Examination of coating roughness. Evaluation of coating on shock strength. Testing of adhesive bond strength between polymer coating and metallic substrate. Evaluation of coating erosive resistance in dependence on hard particles impact energy. Evaluation of polymer coating destruction (exposed on climatic station to climatic factors action) on the basis of microscopic examination (using tunnel electron microscope). Evaluation of aggressive media influence on porosity of polymer protective coatings. Analysis of ageing changes in protective coatings on the basis of infrared spectroscopic examination. Evaluation of coating thermal resistance on the basis of thermogravimetric examination (determination of temperature characteristic values). Evaluation of coating thermomechanical properties on the basis of results of dynamic thermomechanical analysis. Evaluation of coating destruction by roentgen spectral analysis. Module: Methods of protective coatings evaluation Code: PRad/M/A/MB/trs/x/C1/NST/2(m)/4L/23 Lecturer: Assoc. prof. Danuta Kotnarowska (dr hab. inż. prof. nadzw. UTH) Semester: Summer Hours: 21 (7 + 14) Type: Lecture (7 hours) and Laboratory (14 hours) Credit ECTS: 3 Lecture content: Classification of destruction types of protective coatings (polymer, metallic, conversion, ceramic). Kinds of coating damages (technological defects, operational failures). Corrosive wear of the system polymer coating – metallic substrate. Biological corrosion of protective coatings. Cracking (fatigue) and blistering of protective coatings. Silver cracking of polymer coatings under the influence of ultraviolet radiation and as the result of tensile stress. Influence of environment on surface roughness increase of protective coatings. Erosive wear of coatings. Development of pores in polymer coatings under the influence of operational factors. Classification of methods of protective coatings investigations. Standardized examination of protective coating properties. Unconventional methods of destruction investigation in polymer protective coatings: mercury and nitrogen porosimetry, infrared spectroscopy, scanning and tunnel electron microscopy, derivative, roentgen and thermomechanic investigations. Laboratory content: Examination of protective coating thickness. Examination of polymer coating shine. Evaluation of coatings resistance to bending and scratching. Examination of coating roughness. Evaluation of coating on shock strength. Testing of adhesive bond strength between polymer coating and metallic substrate. Evaluation of coating erosive resistance in dependence on hard particles impact energy. Evaluation of polymer coating destruction (exposed on climatic station to climatic factors action) on the basis of microscopic examination (using tunnel electron microscope). Evaluation of aggressive media influence on porosity of polymer protective coatings. Analysis of ageing changes in protective coatings on the basis of infrared spectroscopic examination. Evaluation of coating thermal resistance on the basis of thermogravimetric examination (determination of temperature characteristic values). Evaluation of coating thermomechanical properties on the basis of results of dynamic thermomechanical analysis. Evaluation of coating destruction by roentgen spectral analysis. Module: Fluid mechanics Lecturer: Prof. Zbigniew Kosma Semester: Winter/Summer Hours: 30 Type: Lecture Credit: Final papers ECTS: 6 1. BASIC INGREDIENTS OF FLUID MECHANICS Scope of fluid mechanics. Continuum hypothesis. Properties of fluids. Fields and theirs classification. Laminar and turbulent flows. 2. SELECTED TOPICS IN HYDROSTATICS Hydrostatic pressure. Fundamental equations of hydrostatics. Fluid equilibrium in the gravity field. Hydrostatic forces on plane surfaces. Hydrostatic forces on curved surfaces. Archimedes principle and equilibrium of immersed bodies. Buoyancy and stability. 3. SELECTED TOPICS IN KINEMATICS Spatial descriptions. Pathlines, streamlines, streaklines. Differentiation with respect to time. The differential equation of continuity. Physical interpretation of the velocity field structure. Vorticity, vortex lines, and tubes. 4. FUNDAMENTAL EQUATIONS OF INVISCID FLUIDS Euler’s equation. Integrals of Euler’s equation. Circulation and vortex theorems. 5. ONE-DIMENSIONAL FLOWS OF A LIQUID The Bernoulli equation for ideal liquid. Liquid outflow from containers. Measuring devices. The Bernoulli equation for viscous liquid. The force exerted by liquid flux. Balance of angular momentum. Liquid flow in open ducts. 6. PLANE INVISCID INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOWS General properties of steady flows. Examples of plane potential flows. Complex potential for plane flows. Forces acting on a circular profile. Flow around an aerofoil. Waves on free surfaces. 7. ONE-DIMENSIONAL FLOWS OF A GAS Basic thermodynamics. Bernoulli’s equation. The normal shock wave. Isentropic flows with area changes. Unsteady isentropic flow. Duct flow with friction. 8. EQUATIONS OF MOTION FOR VISCOUS FLUIDS Relationships between stresses and deformations. The Navier-Stokes equations. Conservation of energy. Fundamental problem of fluid mechanics. Other forms of viscous incompressible flow equations. Hydrodynamic lubrication. 9. PLANE LAMINAR BOUNDARY LAYER A concept of the boundary layer theory. Formulation of the boundary layer problem for viscous liquid. Separation of steady boundary layer. Exact solutions of the boundary layer equations. Approximate solutions of the boundary layer equations. Formulation of the boundary layer problem for viscous gas. 10. TURBULENT MOTION OF A VISCOUS LIQUID Stability of Navier-Stokes solutions. Development of the averaged equations. Turbulence modeling. Plane turbulent boundary layer. Turbulent flows in pipes. Drag of bodies moving in viscous incompressible flow. 11. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS Criteria of flows similarity. Dimensional analysis. Measurements of physical quantities. Laboratory devices for experimental research. Liquid flows through porous media. Module: Numerical methods Lecturer: Prof. Zbigniew Kosma Semester: Winter/Summer Hours: 30 Type: Lecture Credit: Final papers ECTS: 6 1. INTRODUCTION TO NUMERICAL METHODS Basics of numerical methods. Errors of calculations. Calculation algorithm. Horner’s scheme. Chain fractions. Expansions of functions in chain fractions. Additions of power series. Computation of implicit function values. 2. SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS Matrix algebra. Survey of methods and problem conditioning. Gauss elimination. LU decomposition. Tridiagonal and other banded systems. Basic iterative methods. Extreme eigenvalues. 3. NONLINEAR EQUATIONS Introduction. One-point iteration methods. Two-point iteration methods. Newton’s methods for systems of equations. Method of deepest descent. 4. INTERPOLATION Preliminaries. Lagrange’s interpolating polynomial. Newton’s divided-difference interpolating polynomials. Convergence of polynomial interpolation. Czebyshev’s interpolation. Trigonometric interpolation. Fundamentals of spline function theory. Cublic spline functions. B-splines. Tension splines. Two-dimensional interpolation. 5. DIFFERENTIATION, INTEGRATION AND APPROXIMATION Numerical differentiation and approximation of derivatives by finite differences. Numerical integration. Types of approximation. The least-squares polynomial approximation. The least-square trigonometric approximation. Approximation by spline functions. The leastsquare approximation of two-dimensional functions. 6. ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL AND INTEGRAL EQUATIONS Initial value problems for ODEs: introductory remarks, analytical and analytical-numerical methods, Runge-Kutta methods, predictor-corrector and multistep methods. Boundary value problems for ODEs: introduction, finite difference approximations, cubic spline collocation methods. Integral equations: introduction, Volterra integral equations of the second kind, Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. 7. PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS General remarks. Requirements imposed on difference schemes. Parabolic equations. Hyperbolic equations. Elliptic equations. The resolution of discretized elliptic equations. Module: Design of chipless manufacturing processes. Lecturer: Jarosław Kotlinski, Ph.D. Semester: Winter/Summer Hours: 20 Type: Laboratory Credit: Final paper Contents: Introduction to the welding. Electrical welding. Pressure welding. Welded joint designing. Introduction to the casting. Hand moulding. Rapid tooling for casting. Introduction to the plastic working. Cutting and die shearing. Deep drawing designing. Module: Databases Lecturer: Ph. D Eng. Michał Pająk Semester: Winter/Summer Hours: 30 Type: Lecture/Practical Credit: Final exam/Project ECTS: 5 Content: 1. BASIC CONCEPTS OF DATABASE: evolution of database technology, file oriented systems, hierarchical database model, network database model, relational database model, object database model, database systems components, client-server platforms, 3-layered architecture, 3-tier architecture; 2. OBJECT ORIENTED AND ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP MODELobject oriented system developing, subjects layer, object layer, argument layer, connection layer, E/R model concepts, entities, attributes, relations; 3. THE RELATIONAL DATA MODEL: E/R model to relational model transformation, tables, primary keys, foreign keys, indexes, normal forms based on primary keys, functional dependencies; 4. INTRODUCTION TO SQL: select-from-where statement, complex where clauses, multirelation queries, null values, subqueries, operators, column operators; 5. SQL DATA DEFINITION AND MANIPULATION LANGUAGE: database tables creation and removing, primary, foreign and unique indexes definition, links between tables, constraints between database tables, database updates, inserts and delete records, database reports and data manipulation, views, synonyms; 6. DEVELOPING THE DATABASE APPLICATIONS: access databases from developer environments, database API functions, ODBC/JDBC drivers, static embedded SQL, dynamic embedded SQL 7. DATABASE PROJECT: case study, object model, relational model, database creation, database initialisation, retrieving data from database. Module: Rudiments of Physics Lecturer: dr Małgorzata Gzik-Szumiata Semester: Winter/Summer Hours: 30 Type: Lecture Credit: Final papers ECTS: 3 Contents 1. Introduction 1.1. Basics of the metric system, units, scientific notation. 1.2. Vectors –basic information : sum, subtraction, dot product, cross product. 2. Basics of Kinematics 2.2. Describing distance and time. 2.3. Velocity and acceleration. 2.4. Types of motion –classification, linear/curvilinear motion, uniform motion, uniformly accelerated/retarded motion, harmonic motion, circular motion. 3. Basics of Dynamics 3.1. Forces and their classification, 3.2. Newton’s Laws of Dynamics. 3.4. Inertial and noninertial frames of reference. 3.5 Conservation of momentum. 3.6. Circular motion –kinematics and dynamics, conservation of angular momentum. 4. Mechanical Energy, Work, Power 4.1. Energy, kinetic energy, potential energy. 4.2. Conservation of Energy. 4.3. Work, Power, Connection between work and the change of mechanical energy. 5. Gravity 5.1. Gravitational field: gravitational force, Newton's Law of Gravity, gravitational field strength, energy and potential. 5.2. Work in the gravitational field. 5.3. Kepler’s Laws. 6. Thermodynamics 6.1. Microscopic description of an ideal gas. 6.2. Temperature, pressure, internal energy of an ideal gas. 6.3. Isothermal, isobaric and isochoric processes of an ideal gas. Adiabatic process. 6.4. Thermal Equilibrium. 6.5. The First Law of Thermodynamics. 6.6. Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics. 6.7. Heat Engines. 7. Electricity and Magnetism. 7.1 The electric field – the Coulombe’s Law, the electric field vector, the Gauss Law, potential, energy and work in the electric field. 7.2. Voltage, amperage and electric resistance. Parallel resistances and series resistances. 7.3. Current-conducting properties of materials. 7.4. Circuits of the constant electric current. Ohm’s Law. 7.5. Ampere’s Laws. 7.6. Work and power of an electric current. 7.7. Alternate current –voltage, amperage, resistivity, alternate current circuits. 7.8. The magnetic field –the magnetic field of the Earth, magnetic dipole, the magnetic field vector. 7.9.The magnetic field produced by an electric current. The Oersted’s Law, the Ampere’s Law. 7.10. Force on a charge moving through a magnetic field. 8. Vibrations and waves 8.1. Vibrations –classification, period, frequency and amplitude. 8.2. Simple harmonic motion. 8.3. Damped vibrations, resonance. 8.4. Mechanical waves, wave motion, the Doppler effect. 8.5. Sound and light waves. 8.6. Standing waves. 8.7. Interference effects. 9. Optics 9.1. The ray model of light. 9.2. Huygens' principle, The Principle of Least Time. 9.3. Reflection of light, real images, virtual images, concave mirror, convex mirror. 9.4. Aberrations. 9.5. Refraction, Snell’s Law, index of refraction. 9.6. Lenses – concave and convex lenses, lenses images forming, aberrations. 9.7. Wave optics, diffraction and interference of light. 9.8. Polarization of light, polarization in solutions. 10. Modern Physics. 10.1. Relativity, the Principle of Relativity, distortion of time and space, dynamics. 10.2. Basics of the nuclear physics –the nucleus, the electron, radioactive decay. 10.3. The atom –the nucleus and the electron, the Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom, quantisation of charge, angular momentum, energies of states in hydrogen. The spin of the electron. 10.4. Light as a particle, the photoelectric effect, energy and momentum of photons. 10.5. Matter as waves: de Broglie waves, electrons as waves, electron microscope. 10.6. Reflection and diffraction of de Broglie Waves. Module: Strenght of materials Lecturer: dr inż. Olejarczyk Krzysztof Semester: Winter Hours: 30/30 Type: Lecture/exercise Credit: Final papers ECTS: 3 Contents This course has two specific goals: to introduce students to concepts of stresses and strain; shearing force and bending; as well as torsion and deflection of different structural elements and to develop theoretical and practical skills relevant to the areas mentioned in 1above. Course subject: extension, torsional, bending, buckling, strength hypothesis. Module: Introduction to Finite element method Lecturer: dr inż. Olejarczyk Krzysztof Semester: Winter Hours: 15/15 Type: Lecture/lab Credit: Final papers ECTS: 2 COURSE DESCRIPTION: Fundamental concepts of the finite element method for linear stress and deformation analysis of mechanical components. Development of truss, beam, frame, plane stress, and plane strain elements. Practical modeling techniques and use of general-purpose codes for solving practical stress analysis problems. Lecture in Russian Курс/Модуль: Гидравлика и пниевматика Преподаватель: dr inż. Zygmunt Trela Семестр: Летний/Зимний Тип: Лекция/Лаборатория Часы: 30/30 Зачет: экзамен/зачет ЭТЦС: 4/4 Содержание. Гидравлика - основные понятия и история развития. Классификация гидроприводов гидростатика и гидродинамика. Рабочие жидкости гидроприводов – основная характеристика, выбор и эксплуатация рабочих жидкостей. Структурная схема и характеристика гидропривода. Насосы, гидромоторы, гидроцилиндры, гидрораспределители, гидравлические аккумуляторы, гидробаки, теплообменники, фильтры, соединительные элементы - классификация, общие сведения, основные термины и определения. Управление гидравлических приводов. Эксплуатация и диагностика гидравлических систем. Компьютерное проектирование гидравлических систем с использованием FluidSIM-H. Пневматика – характеристика, основные понятия, области применения. Характеристика пневматических и электропневматических исполнительных и управляющих элементов. Элементы подготовки воздуха, пневмодвигатели, пневмоцилиндры одностороннего и двустороннего действия, управляющие элементы, разпределительные клапаны. Логические элементы. Конструкция и принцип действия пневмоэлектрических датчиков осуществляющих функции автоматизации, роботизации и управления в производстве. Управление пневмоцилиндром в функции дороги, времени и давления. Компьютерное проектирование пневматических систем с использованием FluidSIM-P. Лаборатории: Гидравлическая насосная станция - измерение основных параметров. Измерение потока рабочей жидкости. Исследование параметров насоса. Исследование параметров гидродвигателя. Диагностика гидроэлементов по параметрам герметичности. Пропорциональное управление гидропривода. Программное управление гидросистем. Управление пневмоцилиндром одностороннего действия. Управление пневмоцилиндром двухстороннего действия. Управление пневмоцилиндром в функции дороги. Управление пневмоцилиндром в функции времени. Управление пневмоцилиндром в функции давления.