UPS Panel
Critical Power Update
Alan French
Manager, Technical Relations
Emerson Network Power
Liebert AC Power
March 25, 2014
Peter A. Panfil
Emerson Network Power
May 2015
1
The Data Center of the Future




Rapidly Deployable
Intelligent & Self Optimizing
Resilient & Highly Available
Economic & Efficient
Go to
EmersonNetworkPower.com for
the full Data Center 2025 report
Speed of
Deployment
Productivity
Application
Availability
Cost Control
Rapidly Deployable
and Scalable
Intelligent and SelfOptimizing
Resilient and
Highly Available
Economical and
Efficient
Minimize cost and
effort to deploy new
business
applications
Spend less time on
physical facilities
issues, more time
on IT strategy
You can rely on your
data center when
the business needs
it
Predict and
manage your
budget in a
dynamic world
2025 Goal: Have the data center be as
dynamic as the business it supports
2
National Survey on
Data Center Outages
Have you experienced an unplanned data
center outage in the past 24 months?
Ponemon Institute Research Report
Sponsored by Emerson Network Power
Top root causes of unplanned outages:
Average cost was
$690,204 for the 67 data
centers analyzed.
Average of 86 minutes
of partial or total
shutdown.
Extrapolated frequency of data
centerges over two years:
3
Behaviors of “High Performers”
Resilient and
Highly Available
A Group Of High Performing Organizations
Experienced Fewer and Shorter Outages
They largely shared 7 common behaviors and attitudes:
1. Availability is the highest priority above all others
2. Utilize all best practices in data center design and redundancy to maximize
availability
3. Ample resources to bring data center up and running if there is an
unplanned outage
4. Senior management fully supports efforts to prevent and manage
unplanned outages
5. Regularly test generators and switchgear
6. Regularly test UPS batteries
7. Utilize a data center infrastructure management system (DCIM)
“High Performers”
Survey Average
All Others
69 Minutes
107 Minutes
121 Minutes
4
AC Power CapEx and OpExTrends
 2N+1 moving to 2N, 2N moving to reserve
 Debate on which reserve architecture is the best fit
 Central static switch moving to distributed static switch
 Energy storage moving to short run time “bridge” to the
generator or high temp applications in the same space as
the UPS
 Use Max kW/Peak Power analysis to determine IT power
envelope for a given generator size
– Focus is on elimination of stranded power and cooling
 Evaluate rapid deployment Integrated Power Systems
– Integrated UPS, “generator bridge” energy storage, MBP, PDU
5
Cooling Max kW / Peak Power
Economical
and Efficient
 What is it?
highest ambient conditions with N units
running to meet the Full IT Load
 Why is it Important?
– Part of sizing Generators / Switch Gear
– Get more IT capacity for the same
Generator size
 How do you Reduce the Max kW /
Max
Power
for
Cooling
System
550kW
UPS
losses/Othe
r
150 kW
Power
for Full
IT Load
1300 kW
Peak Power
– Higher Cooling Return Air Temperatures
• Fewer units as a result of increased capacity
– Type of Cooling / Thermal Solution
• Using non-electrical means to reject the heat
(or supplement the heat rejection) at the
peak load
• Reducing the effective maximum ambient
Sizing of Generators / Switch Gear
2,000 kW
– The power of the Cooling System at the
6
Rapid Deployment
Utilize Modules
or Skids
Modular
power systems
 Integrated packages, built and




pretested in factory environment
Simplified configuration and
greater scalability
Systems right-sized during
design phase
Simplify and increase speed of
deployment
Most can be deployed in 14-16
weeks
Rapidly Deployable
and Scalable
Skidded Condensers
Enclosures
Power Skids
7
High Availability Configurations
50%
Utilization
UPS 1
UPS 2
UPS 3
UPS 4
STS
STS
STS
STS
PDU
PDU
PDU
PDU
50%
Utilization
UPS 2
UPS 2
UPS 3
STS
STS
STS
STS
PDU
PDU
PDU
PDU
UPS 4
Interleaved Dual Bus
Does not require complex switchgear
STS does the power tie
Maximum Loading N/2
For 4x1000 kVA=2000 kVA Max Load
Dual Corded Dual Bus
Requires custom switchgear for power tie
Maximum Loading N/2
For 4x1000 kVA=2000 kVA Max Load
UPS 1
UPS 1
UPS 4
UPS 3
STS
STS
STS
STS
STS
STS
STS
STS
STS
STS
STS
STS
PDU
PDU
PDU
PDU
PDU
PDU
PDU
PDU
PDU
PDU
PDU
PDU
Distributed Reserve Dual Bus
Does not require complex switchgear
75%
STS does the power tie
Utilization
Maximum Loading (N-1)/N
For 4x1000 kVA=3000 kVA Max Load
UPS 1
UPS 2
UPS 3
STS
STS
STS
PDU
PDU
PDU
Reserve
75%
Utilization
Reserve/Catcher Dual Bus
Does not require complex switchgear
STS does the power tie
Maximum Loading N-R
For 4x1000 kVA=3000 kVA Max Load
8
Dynamic Reserve Configuration Concept
Block Redundant UPS Architecture, Tier 3
System #2
Gen
2.5MW
Utility #1
Utility #2
STS
600A
600kW
B
STS
600A
600kW
IT
A-B
C
STS
600A
600kW
IT
B-C
IT
A-C
A
STS
600A
600kW
B
STS
600A
600kW
IT
A-B
1200A 575V
3x800A
C
STS
600A
600kW
600kW
IT
B-C
IT
A-C
A
STS
600A
600kW
B
STS
600A
600kW
IT
A-B
1200A
1200A 575V
3x800A
C
STS
600A
600kW
IT
B-C
IT
A-C
A
STS
600A
600kW
B
STS
600A
600kW
IT
A-B
1200A
LBB/1200A
C
STS
600A
600kW
600kW
IT
B-C
IT
A-C
UPS
1100kVA/kW
UPS
1100kVA/kW
UPS
1100kVA/kW
UPS
1100kVA/kW
1200A 575V
3x800A
575v
MIB
MBB 2500A
2500A
1200A LBB Bus
Customer
IT Space
1200A 575V
3x800A
A
Gen
2.5MW
Utility R
575v
UPS
1100kVA/kW
UPS
1100kVA/kW
575v
Reserve System
Gen
2.5MW
575V
2000A
6x800A
2000A Bus
System #1
575V
2000A
6x800A
Dynamic Reserve Model
9
The Current UPS Market…
AVAILABILITY
EFFICIENCY
Expectations / Demands:
Expectations / Demands:

Protect against anything that could
interrupt power to the critical load

Lowest possible first cost

Burn-to-the-ground performance –
Sacrifice itself to keep power on

Highest possible dual-conversion
efficiency and energy savings
modes (AC-to-AC)

Highest reliability / Mean Time
Between Failure (MTBF) and easy to
maintain with fast Mean Time To
Repair (MTTR)

Smallest footprint with high power
density

Scalable Architecture / Capacity
on Demand

Add redundancy to the system
architecture to offset vulnerabilities

High Short Circuit Current Ratings
(SCCR), withstand and bracing,
yielding High Amps Interrupt Current
rating (AIC)

Rugged output short circuit / bolted
fault capability, and the ability to start
a PDU from inverter

Complete and total electrical topology
and battery isolation
(input/output isolation transformers)
Maximum Protection
Maximum Efficiency
10
Customer Value
What To Watch For:
Choosing A UPS Architecture
Maximum Protection = Transformer Based
•DC and Output Isolation
•Extremely fault tolerant
•Continuous Duty static switch (withstand without fuses)
•Full stack up with extended overload
•Active inverter energy optimization mode
Maximum Efficiency = Transformer Free
•Moderately fault tolerant
•Continuous Duty static switch (withstand with fuses)
•Single parameter stack up with extended overload
•Intelligent inverter energy optimization mode
Transformer-Less Protects Itself Instead of the Load
•Shuts down to limit secondary failure
•Momentary Duty static switch (contactors & fuses)
•No stack up, limited to no overload capability
•Inverter Off, or no energy optimization mode
Liebert NXL
Max Protection
Liebert NX
Liebert eXL
Max Efficiency
Others
Performance
11
What To Watch For:
Transformer-Less Deficiencies
UPS Issue
Deficiency
Single, large Fan
No cooling redundancy.
Critical Load On-Bypass with fan
failure.
Unit will not start with fan failure
No FCC Label
User is at risk and responsible for
mitigation of any interference issues.
UL Back-feed protection
flaws
Able to demonstrate that safety
requirement for shorted SCR detection
is inadequate. With bypass and rectifier
asynchronous unit shuts down on
transfer to bypass – high DC bus
No circuit-breaker
protection
Cannot coordinate with fusing used for
over-current protection and withstand
rating.
Manual notes circuit
breakers
…however they use contactors
Momentary rated Bypass
Lower reliability and lacks Eco-mode
control capability.
HMI
Cryptic and antiquated
12
What To Watch Out For:
Poor Partial Load Efficiency
100.0%
Active Inverter
Ecomode, Maximum
Efficiency UPS
Active Inverter
Ecomode, Maximum
Protection UPS
Efficiency
95.0%
Maximum Efficiency
UPS
90.0%
Maximum Protection
UPS
85.0%
Legacy TransformerFree
Rotary UPS
80.0%
10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Load
13
Additional Information
 Seven Best Practices for Increasing
Efficiency, Availability and Capacity
– The Enterprise Data Center Design Guide
 Energy Logic 2.0
– New Strategies for Cutting Data Center
Energy Costs and Boosting Capacity
 Addressing the Leading Root
Causes of Downtime
– Technology Investments and Best
Practices for Assuring Data Center
Availability
 2013 Cost of Data Center
Outages
– From the Ponemon Institute
14
Emerson Network Power
The Global Leader In Enabling Business-Critical Continuity
Integrated
Racks
Rack
Cooling
Rack Power
Distribution Unit
•
•
KVM Switch
•
•
Automatic
Transfer Switch
Serial Console
Switch
•
•
•
•
UPS
Monitoring
Paralleling
Switchgear
Power Supplies
Surge Protection
Services
Startup Services
Preventive
Maintenance
Equipment Upgrades
Assessment
Services
Electrical Testing
Arc Flash
Remote Monitoring
Commissioning
Fire Pump
Controller
Service Processor
Firmware
Uninterruptible Power
Supplies & Batteries
Static Transfer Switches
Power Distribution Units
Containerized
Solution
Infrastructure
Management &
Monitoring
Cold Aisle
Containment
Precision
Cooling
Extreme-Density
Precision Cooling
15