-1-
sshI-ey-ap≈ Ip´n-I-fpsS amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°v
Hcp ssI∏p-kvXIw
Ip´n-I-fnse sshI-ey-߃
Imc-W-ßfpw ]cn-lm-c-ßfpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
C‚¿\m-j-W¬ Unk-_n-en‰n amt\-Pvsa‚ v C≥Ãn-‰yq´v
FOR
FREE
CIRCULATION!!
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
International Blank Page
Ip´n-I-fnse sshI-ey-߃ Imc-W-ßfpw ]cn-lm-c-ßfpw
Ip´n-I-fnse sshI-ey-߃
Imc-W-ßfpw ]cn-lm-c-ßfpw
sshI-ey-߃ D≈ Ip´n-I-fpsS amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°v
Hcp ssI∏p-kvXIw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
Dr. Sc.
International Disability Management Institute
http://www.idmiedu.net
mail at: idmiedu@idmiedu.net
No part of this book shall be reproduced, copied or transmitted
electonically or by any other means without the prior written consent
of the publishers, except for academic purposes.
©
Vaikalyangal - Karanavum Pariharavum ( Malayalam)
by Dr. Thattayil Mohandas
2016
Written By : Dr. Thattayil Mohandas, Dr. Sc.
Published By: International Disability Management Institute, Kozhenchery
Thekkemala P.O., Pathanamthitta, Kerala, India,
Copyright with : International Disability Management Institute, Kozhenchery
Thekkemala P.O., Pathanamthitta, Kerala, India
BapJw
a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS At\z-jW Xzcbv°v D¬∏-Øn-tbmfw Xs∂
]g-°-ap-≠v. Hmtcm Xe-ap-d-bnepw Pohn-®n-cp-∂-h¿ hcpw Xe-ap-dbv°p
th≠n XßfptSXmb Hc-S-bmfw sh®n-´p-≠m-Ipw. At\Iw Xe-ap-d-IfpsS \o°n-sh-bv°-s∏´ CØcw AS-bm-f-ß-fmWv \ΩpsS ss]Xr-Ik-ºØv. Ncn-{Xhpw At\z-j-Whpw I≠p-]n-Sp-Ø-hp-sa√mw C°q-´Øn¬s∏-Sp-∂p. a\p-jy-k-aq-l-Øn¬ aX-hn-izmkw cq]w sIm≈p-∂Xv
CØcw Hcp kml-N-cy-Øn-em-Wv. Xe-ap-d-I-fmbn \o°n-sh-®n-´p≈
CØcw AS-bm-f-ßsf ss]XrIhpw A\p-`-h-hp-am°n hcpw Xe-ap-dIƒ°v \¬Ip-hm≥ Bi-b-]-c-am-b BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\-߃ Adn-bp-∂Xn\pw A\p-h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xn\pw \bn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ am¿§-tc-J-I-fmbn- am-‰n.
hnizm-k߃°pw BNmc {]am-W-߃°pw Imem-\p-kr-X-amb
am‰w hcp-Øp-hm≥ Ign-™n-´n-√. AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂ hnizm-k-{]-amW-߃ Ah-bpsS D¬∏-Øn-bnse ÿnXnbn¬ Xs∂ C∂pw \n∂p
t]mcp-∂p. hnZym-`ym-k-]-c-ambn hfsc ]nt∂m°w \n∂n-cp∂ `qX-ImeØv hnizmk]c-amb BNm-c-ß-fn¬°qSn kmaq-lnI kwhn-[m\w
\S-Øp-hm≥ AX-Xp-Im-esØ BNm-cy-∑m¿°p Ign-™n-´p-≠v. hnZym-
-6`ym-k-]-c-ambn k¿∆cpw ]ptcm-Kan°p-Ibpw BNm-c-]-c-amb Nn¥bpw
{]h¿Ø-\-co-Xn-Ifpw ssZ\w-Zn\w hf-cp-Ibpw hnI-kn-°p-I-bp-ap-≠mbn. I≠p]nSp-Ø-ßfpw Ah-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ imkv{X-ßfpw D®ÿm-bn-bn-se-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
Hcp hiØv B[p-\nI imkv{X-ßfpw adp-h-iØv ss]Xr-Ihpw
aX-]-c-amb Bi-b-ßfpw \n¬°p-∂p. Nne AS-bm-f-߃°v a‰p Nneh-bp-ambn tbmPn°m≥ Ign-bm-Xn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v imkv{X-am-\-߃°v
]cn-an-Xn-I-fp-≠m-bn. sshIey \nhm-cW imkvXw F∂ _rl-Ømb
imkv{X-im-Jbv°p th≠n \S-Ønb Kth-jW ]co-£-W-߃°v ]et∏mgpw Cu ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ XS w \n∂n-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ hnizm-k-ßfnem[n-jvTn-X-amb ]e Imcy-߃°pw t]md-te¬∏n-°msX Xs∂ Cu
imkv{Xw {]mtbm-Kn-I-amb ]q¿Æ-cq-]-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-hm≥ Kthj-I\v Ign-™n-´p-≠v.
cq]w, ckw, K‘w, kv]¿iw, kwJy, ]cn-am-Ww, ]rY-‡zw,
kwtbm-P-\w, hntbm-P-\w, ]c-Xzw, A]-c-Xzw, _p≤n, kpJw, Zp:Jw,
C—, tZzjw,{]b-Xv\w, F∂o ]Xn-t\gp KpW-ßfpw AwK{]-Xyw-Khpw, a[y-Øn¬ \n∂pw hi-ß-fn-te°pw Xpey-amb ico-c-Kp-W-ap-≈,
Xmtgm´pw apI-fn-tem´pw Fdn-bp-I, AI-tØ°p Npcp-°p-I, ]pd-tØ°v
hnI-kn-∏n-°p-I, \ne-bn¬ Nen-°pI F∂o {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v tijbp-ap≈ Hcmƒ _p≤n-am-\pw, A\p-cq-]\pw Btcm-Ky-ap-≈-h\pw _eap-≈-h\pw Bbn-cn-°pw. Cu ]Xn-t\gp KpW-ß-fn¬ GsX-¶nepw H∂v
Ipd-bp-Itbm C√m-Xn-cn-°p-Itbm A\p-]mXw sX‰m-bn-cn-°p-Itbm
sNbvXm¬ AXv sshI-eym-h-ÿ-bm-Wv.
Cu KpW-ß-fpsS Ipdhp aqe-ap≈ sshI-ey-߃ GsX-¶n-ep-aps≠-¶n¬ AXv Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn\pw Is≠-Ønb sshI-ey-Øns‚
ImcWw \n›-bn-°p-∂-Xn\pw Imc-W-amb ]Zm¿∞sØ ]p\-ÿm-]n°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ {]mtbm-KnI imkv{X-hn-[n-bmWv sshI-ey-\n-hm-cW
imkv{Xw. Cu imkv{X-Øn≥sc {]tbm-K-Øn-eqsS a\p-jy-k-aq-lØns‚ k¿∆ Ah-ÿ-Iƒ°pw kºq¿Æ ]cn-lm-c-am-hpw. At\Iw
t]cpsS sshI-ey-߃ am‰n, kmt¶-Xn-I-ambn ssii-h-Zi ]n∂n´ Cu
imkv{X-Øn\v sshZy˛ Huj-[imkv{X-im-J-I-tfmfw Xs∂ {]k-‡nbp-≠v, AYhm Ahbv°p Xpey-am-Wv. Huj[ {]tbmKw F∂ kwKKXn Cu imkv{X-im-J-bpsS \n¿∆-N-\-ß-fn¬ hcp-∂-tX-bn-√.
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
-7_p≤-kw-kvIm-cw, Kplm-kw-kvIm-cw, aXm-\p-jvTm-\-ß-fpsS
imkv{Xo-b-X, CuPn-]n-jy≥ ]nc-an-Uv, XpSßn At\Iw ss]Xr-I-kº-∂X
- sb AXns‚ Bibw Dƒs°m≠p \S-Ønb Kth-jW
- ß
- f
- mWv
Cu imkv{X-Øn\m-[m-cw.
kaq-l sØ kw_-‘n-®n-S -t Øm- f w, Hcp a\p- j y≥ F∂Xv
Ahs‚ ico-cØ
- n-s‚bpw a\- n-s‚bpw BsI-ØpIbmWv. ImgvN
- bn¬
hnI-e-a-√mØ ico-chpw am\y-amb s]cp-am-‰-hp-amWv Btcm-Ky-ap≈
hy‡n-bpsS Af-hp-tIm-embn kaqlw ]cn-KW
- n-°p-∂X
- v. \n›nX Afhp-tImepIfpw hnI-e-a-√mØ ico-cØn\v krjvSn-®n-´p-≠v, DZm-l-c-WØn\v B\p-]m-Xn-Ia
- √
- mØ imco-cnI
LS\m hn\ymkw ico-csØ hnI-e{]mb-Øn-\-\p-k-cn-®p-≈-Xam-°p-∂p. hep∏w Hcp-]mSv IqSp-Xtem Ipd-™tXm Bb Xe, ssI,
√mØ s]cp-am-‰-co-Xn-Iƒ s]cpIm¬ apX-em-bh hnI-e-amb imcoam‰ sshI-ey-amtbm am\-knI
cnI {]tXy-I-X-I-fmbn hnebncp-Øhf¿®-bn-√m-bva- Btbm ]cn-Ks∏-Sp-∂p. Nne¿°v P∑\m CØcw
Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. GsXm-cmƒ
{]tXy-I-X-Iƒ D≠m-hp-∂p.
am\- k nI hf¿®bv°pw
Cu tbmKy--X-Iƒ ]q¿Øo-I-cnCØcw Nne am\-ß-fp-≠v. {]mb°p-∂n-√tbm Abmƒ sshIØn-\\
- p-kc
- n-®p-≈X
- √
- mØ s]cp-amey-ap≈ hy‡n-bmbn hnti-jn‰-co-Xn-Isf s]cp-am‰ sshI-ey∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.
amtbm am\-knI hf¿®-bn-√m-bvabmtbm ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. Cu
am\-ßsf kaqlw tbmKy-X-Ifmbn ImWp∂p, GsXm-cmƒ Cu
tbmKy--X-Iƒ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-∂n-√tbm Abmƒ hn`n-∂-ti-jb
n--- p-≈,
AYhm sshI-ey-ap≈ hy‡n-bmbn hnti-jn-∏n-°s
- ∏-Sp-∂p. Cu sshIey-߃ `qcn-`m-Khpw t`Z-am-°m-\m-hn√ F∂v B[p-\nI NnIn’m k{ºZm-bß
- ƒ Fgp-Xn-Ø≈
- n-bh
- b
- mWv F∂-XmWv k¶-SI
- c
- a
- mb Hcp hkvXpX. hn`n∂tijn-°m¿°v Hcp km[m-cW hy‡n A\p-`h
- n-°p∂ ]eXpw
\ntj-[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.
CØcw imco-cnI am\-knI tijn-°p-d-hp-Isf imkv{Xw NnIn-
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
-8’n®p t`Z-am-°m-\m-hmØ Ah-ÿI
- f
- m-bn-´mWv ]cn-KW
- n-°p-∂X
- v. ]e
IpSpw-_-ß-fp-sSbpw k¥p-enXmhÿ sX‰p-∂Xp t]mepw sshI-ey߃ aqe-amWv. temIsØ GXm≠v 50 iX-am-\t- Ømfw Bƒ°m¿°pw
H∂-s√-¶n¬ as‰m-cp-hn[w sshIeyw Ds≠-∂mWv ]T-\-߃ hy‡am-°p-∂-Xv. Nne sshI-ey-߃ ]pdta {]I-Sn-∏n-°-s∏-Sm-sXtbm {i≤n-°-s∏-Sm-sXsbm t]mIp-∂p. ]Øp iX-am-\-Øn-tesd Bƒ°m¿
Xo{h-amb sshI-ey-߃ A\p-`-hn-°p∂p F∂mWv IW-°v.
IpSpw-_-Øn¬ Hcp Ip´n-bv°v sshI-ey-ap-s≠-¶n¬ B IpSpw-_Øns‚ Xmfw sX‰n F∂mWv shbv∏v. AØ-c°
- msc t\m°m\pw Imcy߃ sNbvXp sImSp-°m\pw as‰m-cmƒ ap≥ssI-sb-Sp-t°≠n hcp-∂p.
Xnc-°p-Iƒ \nd™ Cu temIØv as‰m-cmƒ°p th≠n kt¥m-jtØmsS kabw \o°n-sh-°m≥ Hcmƒ°pw km[n-°n-√. F∂m¬ sshI-ey-ß-fp≈ Ip´n-Isf IrXy-amb coXn-bn¬ ]cn-N-cn-®m¬ sshI-eymhÿ amdpw. Cu Ah-ÿ-Isf sshIey \n¿∆-lW imkv{XØnse
AXn-\q-X\ k{º-Zm-bß
- ƒ hgn ]q¿Æ-ambpw ]cn-lc
- n--°m-\mhpw F∂v
F{X-t]¿°-dnbmw?
Cu ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ \mw ]¶p shbv°p-∂Xv AØcw Nne Adnhp-I-fm-Wv. F¥p sIm≠v sshI-ey-߃ D≠m-hp-∂p, Fßs\ Ah
]cn-l-cn--°m-\mhpw F∂o hnj-b-ß-fmWv {][m-\-ambpw N¿® sNøp∂-Xv. sshI-ey-ap≈ Ip´n-I-fpsS amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ Ahiyw hmbn-®n-cnt°≠ Hcp {KŸ-am-Wn-Xv. imkv{Xo-b-ambn ]Tn®v Xøm-dm-°nb Cu
]pkvX-Iw sshIey \nhm-cW imkv{Xw F∂ _r-l-Ømb
{KŸØns‚ `mK-am-Wv.
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
D≈S°w
A≤ymbw
ssh-I-ey-]T-\-߃-°v H-cm-apJw
]pdw
10
ssh-Imcn-I hy-h-lm-c߃ ˛
15
Im-c-W-ßfpw A-\-¥-c-^-e-ßfpw
{]Y-a-tcm-Z-\w
19
K¿`m-h-ÿ-bn¬ \n-∂p-≈ ]-cn-Wmaw˛
21
H-cp hn-e-bn-cpج
ssh-I-ey-ß-fp-sS Im-c-W-߃ ˛
27
ssi-i-h-Z-i-bp-sS A-]-{KY-\w
Po-h-hm-bphpw ssh-I-ey-ßfpw
29
Xz-°n-s‚ {]-h¿-Ø-\hpw kw-th-Z-\-{]-{Inbbpw
31
B-fl-_-‘-Øn-s‚ hn-Im-kw
38
ssh-I-ey-߃-°p ]n-∂n¬-˛
40
imkv{Xob hni-I-e\w
sshIey \nhm-cW imkv{XØns‚
s]mcpƒ
53
1
ssh-Ie
- y-]T-\ß
- ƒ-°v H-cm-apJw
`q-an ssh-hn-[y-ß-fm¬ k-ºp-„am-b H-cp {K-l-am-Wv B ssh-hn≤y-߃ a-\p-jy-\v F∂pw H-cp Iu-Xp-I-am-bn-cp∂p. B Iu-Xp-Iß-sf
A-Sp-Ø-dn-bp-∂-Xn\pw A-h-bp-sS ]n-∂n-se \n-b-a-{IasØ a-\- n-em-°p∂-Xn\pw Ah≥ ]e-t∏mgpw {ian-®p. ssh-hn-≤yß-sf a-‰p-≈-h¿-°p
Xpd-∂p Im-´p-∂-Xn-\v th≠n A-h≥ X-s‚ `m-h-\ km-ln-Xy-kr-„n-bnte-°v Xn-cn®p. sshhn-[y-am¿∂ ho-£-W-߃ ]p-e¿-Øn-bn-cp-∂ a-\pjy-s‚ `m-h-\ hn-hn-[ km-ln-Xy-cq-]-߃°pw h-gn sh-®p. km-lnXyw
Hc¿∞-Øn¬ Ahs‚ ⁄m-\Ø-ns‚ {]-I-S-am-b cq-]-am-bn-cp∂p.
a-\p-jy-s‚ ⁄m-\w A-°me-Øv {]-Ir-Xn-sb tI-{µo-I-cn-®p-≈Xm-bn-cp∂p, Ah-s‚ kmlnXykr-„n-Iƒ apJy-ambpw {]-Ir-Xn-bp-am-bn
_-‘s
- ∏-´p≈-hb
- m-bn-cp∂p. Aß-s\, ]p-cm-X\
- Ime-Øv a-\p-jy≥ kzmb-Ø-am°n-b ⁄m-\w A-h-s‚ A-\-¥-c-X-e-ap-d-bv-°v th-≠n-bp-≈-Xmbn-cp∂p, AY-hm B ⁄m-\ k-ºm-Z-\-Øn-s‚ Kp-W-t`m-‡m-°ƒ Ahs‚ a-°-fpw A-h-cp-sS k¥m-\-]-c-º-cbpam-bn-cp∂p. {]-Ir-Xn-\n-b-a-ßsf-°p-dn-®v A-]m-cam-b ⁄m-\w B¿÷n® a\p-jy≥ AXv A\-¥c
-11Xe-ap-d-I-fn-te°v ]I¿∂p.
]p-cm-X-\ Ime-Øv \n-e-\n-∂n-cp-∂Xpw X-e-ap-d-I-fm-bn ssIam-dn-t∏m-∂n-cp-∂-Xpam-b ⁄m\w k-ºq¿-Æ-am-bn-cp∂p. {]Ir-Xn-\n-b-aß- f psS {Inbm- fl - I - a mb km[y- X - I - s f- ° p- d n- ® p≈ B Adnhv
bYm¿∞hpw kXy-k-‘-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ a-°ƒ-°pw, Ah¿ A\-¥-c X-e-ap-d-Iƒ°pw ssI-amdnb B ⁄m-\-w XpS¿∂p h∂
_u≤n-I km-ln-Xy-Øn-s‚ t{km-X- mbn. ]q-Øpe-™p \n¬-°p-∂
hr-£w F-{]-Im-camtWm hn-th-N\-an√msX kpK-‘w ]-c-Øp∂-Xv
A-Xp t]m-se B ⁄m-\w a\pjys‚ _u-≤n-Iam-b hn-Im-k߃-°p Im-c-W-ambn. a-\p-jy-s‚
_u-≤n-I\
- n-eh
- m-cØ
- n-s‚ Imc-Ww
A-t\z-jn-°-p-tºmƒ im-kv{Xw FØn- t ®- c p- ∂ Xpw {]- I r- X n- b n- t e°mWv. {]-Ir-Xn-bp-sS \n-b-a-ß-fmbn-cp-∂p a-\p-jy-s‚ ⁄m-\-hn⁄m-\-ß-fp-sS B-Xy-¥n-I-am-b
t{km-X v.
{]-Ir-Xn-bp-sS
\n-ba
- ß
- f
- m-bn-cp-∂p
a-\p-jy-s‚
⁄m-\h
- n-⁄m-\ß
- f
- p-sS
B-Xy-¥n-Ia
- m-b
t{km-X v.
{]-Ir-Xn \n-b-a-߃ G-sX¶n-epw N-´-°qSn-sem-Xp-ßp-∂-hb√ adn®v a-\p-jy-cm-in-bp-sSbpw {]-IrXn-k-t¶-X-ß-fp-sSbpw \n-e-\n¬-∏n\pw ]-cn-]m-e-\-Øn\pw B-h-iy-amb F√m A-dnhpw A-h-bn¬ Dƒ-s∏-Sp∂p. {]-Ir-Xn-bp-sS L-S-Iß-sf
]Tn-bv-°m≥ a-\p-jy≥ kzo-I-cn-°p-∂ im-kv-{XimJ-I-sf√mw B hn-imeam-b im-kv-{X-Øns‚ ]cn-[n-bn¬ hcp-∂-h-bmWv. ^nkn-Ivkv, sIankv{Sn, _tbm-fPn Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ B-[p\n-I im-kv-{X-ßfpw {]-Ir-Xn
\n-b-a-ß-fp-sS ]n-c-nhp-I-fn¬-s∏-Sp-∂-h-bmWv,
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
-12im-kv{Xw ]p-tcm-K-an-®-t∏mƒ a-\p-jy-s‚ A-t\z-j-W-߃-°v hyXy-kv-Xamb ssi-en ssI-h∂p. im-kv-{Xobam-b am-\-ß-fp-]-tbm-Kn-®v
A-h≥ Ah-s‚ Np-‰p-]m-Sn-s\ ]Tn®p. \ho-\ im-kv-{X-Im-e-L-´-Øn¬
{]-]-©-K-Xn-sb-°p-dn®pw A-Xn-s‚ hy-Xykv-X X-e-Øn-ep-≈ {]-h¿-Ø\-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw \nc-h[n ]T-\-߃ \S-°p-Ibp-≠mbn. B-g-Øn-ep≈ B A-t\z-j-W-߃ {]-Ir-Xnbp-sS \n-b-a-{I-a-Øn-s‚ kq-£v-am-Wp
X-e-Øn-ep-≈ A-dn-hp-Iƒ a-\p-jy-\v sh-fn-hm-°n-Ø∂p.
F√m {]-IrXn \n-ba
- ß
- f
- pw k-hn-ti-jX
- I
- fpw ]-cn-h¿-Ø\
- ß
- fpw
A-Sn-ÿm-\-]-cam-b \m-ep i-‡n-Iƒ ( Four Fundamental Forces ) B[m-c-am-°n a-\- n-em-°m≥ km-[n-°pw.
ssh-hn[yw {]-Ir-Xn-bp-sS ap-J-ap-{Z-bm-sW-∂v t\c-sØ ]-d-™ncp-∂p-h-t√m. ssP-h-ssh-hn-[yhpw {]-Ir-Xn-bn-se a-‰v ssh-hn-[y-t{km-X p-I-fpw ]-c-kv-]-c _-‘w ]p-e¿-Øp∂h-bm-Wv.
ssP-hs
- sh-hn-[yhpw {]-Ir-Xn-bn-se a-‰v ssh-hn-[yt{km-X - p-If
- pw ]-ck
- v]
- c
- _-‘w ]p-e¿-Øp∂h-bm-Wv.
k-ky-ßfpw Po-hn-Ifpw A-dnt™m A-dn-bmsXtbm ]m-c-kv-]-cyam-b
]-cn-]me-\w \n¿-∆-ln-°p∂p. `q-an-bn¬ hy-Xykv-X h¿-§Ønepw hyXy-kv-X Ip-Spw-_-Ønepw s]-´ A-t\-Iw Po-hn-I-fp≠v. P-\n-XIw, ]m-cnÿn-XnIw, Po-hn-Ip-Spw_w, ap-Xem-b A-fhp-tIm-ep-I-fn-em-Wv a-\p-jy≥
Ah-sb X-cw Xn-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv. B hyXy-kvX-Xsb A-Sn-ÿm-\-am-
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
-13°n-bm-Wv B-hm-k-hy-h-ÿ-I-fp-sS \n¿-ΩnXn. CØ-cw hy-Xy-kv-X-X-Ifn¬ Nne-Xv {]m-tZ-in-Itam km-t¶-Xn-Itam B-hm-dp≠v. {]m-tZ-in-Iamb
ssP-h-ssh-hn[yw G-‰hpw A[n-I-ambn Im-W-s∏-Sp∂-Xv `q-a-[y-tc-Jm
{]-tZ-i-ß-fn-emWv. Db¿∂ A¥-co£ Xm]tam D¬∏m-Z-\-ti-jn-bnse
h¿≤-\thm BImw CXn\p Imc-Ww. ssP-hs
- sh-hn[yw F√m-bn-SØpw
H-tc A-f-hnepw X-c-Øn-ep-a√ hn-\y-kn-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈Xv. D-jv-W-taJ-em
{]-tZ-i-ß-fn¬ A-Xns‚ tXmXv Iq-Sp-X-em-Wv. k-ap-{Z ssh-hn[yw ]-Sn™m-d≥ ]-k-^n-Iv Xo-c-ß-fn¬ Gdn-b tXm-Xn¬ Im-W-s∏-Sp∂p. AXn-s‚ ImcWw k-ap-t{Zm-]-cn-X-e-Øn-se D-jv-Ww Iq-Sp-X-emb-Xm-hmw.
Po-hn-h¿-§Øn-s‚ hn-\ymk-sØ `q-tc-Jm A-Sn-ÿm-\Øn¬ ]-e X-´p-If
- m-bn Xn-cn-®n-cn-°p∂p. A-hb
- n¬ Nn-eb
- n-Sß
- f
- n¬ sshhn-[y-hpw h¿-≤\
- h
- n-s‚ tXmXpw hf-sc Iq-Sp-Xe
- m-Wv. k-ao-]`- m-hn-bn¬Øs∂ ssh-hn-[y-Øn-s‚ h¿-≤\-hv a-µ-K-Xn-bn-em-hp-sa-∂mWv im-kv-{XIm-c-∑m¿ {]-Xo-£n-°p-∂-Xv .
ssP-h-ssh-hn[yw F-¥m-sW-∂v H-∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.
k-ky-߃, P-¥p-°ƒ, a-‰v Po-h-Pm-e-߃ F-∂n-h-bp-sS F-ÆØnepw X-c-Øn-ep-ap-≈ hy-Xym-k-sØ-bm-Wv ssP-h-ssh-hn[yw F-∂p
hn-fn-°p-∂Xv. {]-Ir-Xn-bp-sS A-hn-`m-Py-LS- I
- ß
- fn-sem∂mb ssP-hs
- shhn-[yw a-\p-jy-cm-in-bp-sS \n-e-\n¬-∏n-\v A-Xy-¥m-t]-£n-X-amWv. Blm-cw ]m¿-∏n-Sw a-cp-∂p-Iƒ C‘-\w ap-Xem-b A-\h-[n hn-`-h-ß-fpsS B-[m-cw ssP-h-ssh-hn-[y-amWv. A-Xn-s‚ k-ºp-„nbpw G-‰-°p-d-®nep-Ifpw \n-›n-bn-°p∂-Xv {]m-tZ-in-Ihpw Im-em-h-ÿm-]-c-hpam-b khn-ti-j-X-I-fm-Wv.
k-ky-Pm-ew F-∂ hn-`m-K-Øn¬ C-Xph-sc I-s≠-Øn-bn-´p-≈ GXm-≠v 70000˛Hm-fw k-ky߃, sN-Sn-Ifpw hr-£-ß-fpw, Dƒ-s∏-Sp∂p.
P-¥p-Pm-e-ß-fn¬ ]-£n-Ifpw k-kv-X-\n-I-fpw a-’y-ßfpw D-c-K-ßfpw
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
-14{]m-Wn-I-fpw t«jv-tam-Z-c-{]m-Wn-Ifpw, I-h-N-P-¥p-°fpw Dƒ-s∏-Sp-∂p.
P¥p-Pm-e-Øns‚ \nc-h[n Cg-I-fn-sem-∂mb a\p-jykaqlw
a‰p≈h-bp-ambn _‘s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p, Cu _‘w `£y-irw-J-e-bnepw
Bhm-k-hy-h-ÿ-bpsS kwL-S-\-bn-ep-sa√mw ImWm≥ km[n-°pw. {]Ir-Xn-sbbpw P-¥p-Pm-e-ß-sfbpw Ip-dn-®v \-SØn-b ]T-\-߃ F-\n-°v
\¬-In-b A-Xn-i-b-Iam-b A-\p-`h-ß-fm-Wv Cu ]T-\-°p-dn∏n\m-[mcw.
{]Ir-Xn-bpsS kwLm-S\w ]e-t∏mgpw A¤pXw F∂ hm°ns‚ ]cn[nIƒ°p-a-∏p-d-am-hm-dp-≠v, Cu A¤p-X-߃, sshhn-[y-߃ F∂nh
Poh\pw Pohn-Xh
- p-ambn At`-Zy-amb _‘w ]pe¿Øp-∂Xp sIm≠mWv
ChnsS \mw CXv N¿® sNbvX-Xv. C\n sshI-ey-ßfpw {]Ir-Xn-bnse
hyh-ÿI
- fpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-sa-¥mWv F∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°mw. AXn\v
Fs‚ kz¥w A\p-`-h-ßsf Iq´p ]nSn-°m-\mWv Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p∂-Xv.
ssh-I-ey-ß-fp-sS Im-c-W-߃ A-t\z-jn-®v Rm≥ A-t\-Iw sshZy-im-kv-{X {K-Ÿ-߃ hm-bn-°p-am-bn-cp∂p. F-¥m-Wv ssh-I-ey-ß-fpsS AY-hm k-hnti-j ti-jn-I-fp-sS Imc-Ww F-∂-dn-bpIbm-bn-cp-∂p
AXns‚ Dt±iyw. F-∂m¬ Rm≥ I-s≠-Ønb-Xv Iq-Sp-Xepw ssh-Ieyw
H-cp A-h-ÿ-bm-Wv F-∂ co-Xn-bn-ep-≈ D-Ø-c-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p. Im-c-W-cln-X-am-bn H-∂pw X-s∂-bp-≠m-hn√ F-∂ F-s‚ [m-c-W-bp-am-bn AØcw {]-kv-Xm-h-\-Iƒ s]m-cp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂n√ F-∂v F-\n-°v a\- n-embn.
B t_m[y-∏-S¬ XpS-c-t\z-j-W-ß-fn-te-°mWv hgn-Xp-d-∂-Xv.
F-s‚ A-t\zj-Ww {]-[m-\-ambpw {i-≤ tI-{µo-I-cn®-Xv F-¥p
sIm-≠v ssh-I-ey-߃ D-≠m-hp-∂p F-∂ tNm-Zy-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. AXp X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p F-s‚ A-t\z-j-W-Øn-s‚bpw ]T-\-Øn-s‚bpw
]-co-£-W-ß-fp-sSbpw tI-{µ-_n-µphpw. ]-Xn-sb-∏-Xn-sb B tNmZyw Hcp B-{K-lw I-W-s°, A-Z-ayam-b H-cp A-`n-hm-Rv-O-bmbn cq-]-s∏-´p.
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
-15B B-{K-lw ]q¿-Øo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ B-Zy ]SnIfn-sem-∂v a-\p-jy-icoc-sØ imkv{Xo-b-ambn a-\- n-em°p-I F-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.
2
ssh-Imcn-I hy-hl
- m-c߃
Im-cW
- ß
- fpw A-\¥
- c
- ^
- e
- ß
- fpw
CXp hsc a\p- j y- i - c o- c - s Ø- ° p- d n®v Adn- ™ - X n¬ \n∂v
Xo¿Øpw hn`n-∂-amb Nne Is≠-Ø-ep-I-fmWv ChnsS ]¶p shbv°p∂-Xv. a-\p-jy-i-co-cw D-jv-W-kz-`m-h-ap-≈ H-cp b-{¥-amWv. A-¥co-£
Xm-]-\n-e-bp-sS c-≠-c C-c´n-tbm-fw NqSv Cu b{¥w D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂p.
a\- n¬ \S-°p∂ ssh-Im-cn-Ih
- y-hlmc-ßf
- p-sS ( Emotional transactions
) ]-cn-Wn-X-^-e-amWv Cu D-jvWw. Hmtcm am\p-jnI hnIm-c-Øn\pw
A-\p-_-‘am-b B-{K-l-ßfpw Im-a-\-I-fpap≠v. N
-- n¥-Iƒ°v Cu
hnImcßsf h¿≤n-∏n-°m\pw XZzmcm sshIm-cn-I-k-Ω¿±w iX-Kp-Wo`-hn-∏n-°m-\p-ap≈ Ign-hp-≠v. B-h¿-Øn-°p-t¥mdpw Kp-Ww Iq-Sp-∂ Huj-[-ß-sf-t∏m-se Nn-¥m-`m-cw h¿-≤n-°p-∂-Xn-\-\p-k-cn-®v ssh-Im-cn-Ik-Ω¿-±w ]-e-a-S-ßm-hp∂p. hyXykvX coXn-Ifnem-bn-cn-°pw icocw
CXns‚ ^ew A\p-`-hn-°p-∂Xv. im-cocn-I ]-cn-h¿-Ø-\-{In-b-Ifpw (
Bodily metabolisms) Cu hn-Im-c-]-cn-Wm-a-ß-fp-am-bn G-sd _-‘-ap≠v.
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
-16ssh-Im-cn-I hy-h-lm-c-ß-fp-sS ^-e-ambn ico-tcm-jv-am-hv IqSp-∂p. apºv
]d™ t]mse Hmtcm hn[-Øn-ep≈ sshIm-cnI hyh-lm-c-ßfpw ]pds∏-Sp-hn-°p∂ NqSv hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cn-°pw. A-Xv Ip-d-bv-°p-∂-Xn-\v GsX-¶nepw hn-[-Øn-ep-≈ icocw Xm-]-i-a-\n-Iƒ ( Condensers) D¬∏mZn-∏n-t°-≠Xv B-h-iy-am-bn hcp-∂p. c-‡-Nw-{I-a-W hy-h-ÿ-bm-Wv ico-c-Øns‚ Xm-]-i-a-\n-bm-bn h¿-Øn-°p-∂Xv. c‡-{]-hm-l-Øns‚ \nb{¥-WØ
- n-\\
- p-kc
- n®v Xm]w IqSp-Ibpw Ipd-bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. AXoh
sshIm-cnI kΩ¿±w A\p-`-hn-°p∂ Hcp hy‡n-bn¬ AXyp-jvW-ambn-cn°pw D≠m-hp-I, Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ aµ-K-Xn-bn-ep≈ c‡-{]-hml-Øn\v Cu NqSv Ipd-bv°m≥ km[n-°p-∂p. Cu bm-{¥n-Iam-b Xm]i-a\o {]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ \n-b-{¥Ww lr-Z-b-Øn\mWv. R-c-ºp-I-fneq-sS-bp-≈ c-‡-sam-gp-°n-s‚ th-K-X \n-b-{¥n-®v lrZ-bamWv icotcmjv-am-hv Ip-d-bv-°m≥ k-lm-bn-°p-∂Xv.
a-\p-jy-i-co-c-Øn¬ Hmtcm \nan-j-Ønepw \S-°p-∂Xv A-t\-Imbn-cw cm-k-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßfmWv. B {]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fn¬ A-t\-Iw cm-kL-S-I-߃ AY-hm aq-e-I-߃ ( Chemicals ) D¬-∏m-Zn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂p.
ssh-Imcn-I {]-h¿Ø\-ß-fp-sS ^-e-ambn´mWv i-co-cw Cu aqe-I-ßsf
D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. a-\p-jys‚ F√m Nn-¥m-{]-h¿-Ø-\-Øn\pw (
Thought process ) A-\p-_‘
- hpw A\p-kr-Xhp-amb cmk-aq-eI
- ß
- f
- p≠v,
c-‡-Nw-{I-a-W-hy-hÿ-sb Cu aq-e-I-߃ kzm-[o-\n-°pIbpw AXv
ico-tcm-jv-am-hv h¿-≤n-°p-∂-Xn-\v Im-c-W-am-hp-Ibpw sNøp∂p.
A-kw-L-Sn-Xam-b Nn-¥m-{]-{In-b-Iƒ Im-c-Ww H-cp ap-Xn¿-∂ hy-‡nbn¬ \n-ch-[n {]-Xn-Iq-e-kzm-[o-\-ap-≈ aq-e-I-߃ -( Negative chemicals
) D-≠m-hp∂p. Cu {]-XnIq-e kz-`m-h-ap≈ aq-e-Iß-sf ip-≤o-I-cn°msXtbm \n-b-{¥n-°msXtbm B-Wv A-bmƒ ssewKn-I th-gv-N-bnte-°v I-S-°p-∂-Xv. CØ-cw aq-e-I-ß-fp-sS km-∂n≤yw ]p-cp-j-\nepw
kv-{Xo-bnepw k¥m-t\m¬∏m-Z-\-Øn-\p≈ tbm-Ky-X-bn√m-bv-a kr-„n-°p∂p. ]nXmthm amXmthm B-Im≥ A-\-p-tbm-Py-a√m-Ø km-l-N-cy-am-
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
-17Wv Cu s\-K-‰o-hv sI-an-°-ep-Iƒ D-≠m-°p-I. C-Ø-c-Øn¬ A-kw-LSn-Xtam {]-Xn-Iq-e-aq-e-I-ß-fp-sS km-∂n-≤yØntem D-≠m-hp∂ ssewKnI _-‘-am-Wv ssh-I-ey-ap-≈ Ip-´n-I-fp-≠m-hp-∂-Xn-s‚ {]m-YanI tlXp. XpS¿∂p≈ A[ym-b-ß-fn¬ AXv hni-Z-ambn N¿® sNømw.
K¿--`-Øn-te-°v \-bn-°p-∂ im-cocn-I _-‘-Øns‚ sXm-´-Sp-Ø \nan-j-Øn¬ X-s∂ in-ip-hns‚ h-f¿-® B-cw-`n-°p-I-bmWv. K¿-`m-h-ÿbn¬ Ip-´n-bp-sS h-f¿-® ]m-Zm-Zn-tI-iw ( hme‰w apX¬ Xe`mK-tØbv°v
) F-∂ {I-a-Øn-em-Wv. h-f¿-®-bv-°m-h-iyam-b A-h-iy-L-S-I߃˛ ]Zm¿-∞-߃ ( Substances ) Ah-\v e`n-°p∂-Xv s]m-°nƒ-s°m-Sn
( Umbilical Cord ) h-gn-bmWv. Cu
A-kw-LS- n-Xtam
]-Zm¿-∞-ß-fm-Wv Ah-s‚ P-\n-X-ILS\ (Genetic Algorithm) bp-sS {I{]-Xn-Iq-ea
- q-eI
- ß
- f
- p-sS
aw \n-›-bn-°p-∂Xv. amXr-i-co-chpw
km-∂n-≤yØntem
iniphpw XΩn¬ _‘n-∏n-°p-∂Xv
D-≠m-hp∂ ssewKn-I
NcSp t]mse-bp≈ Cu `mK-am-Wv.
_-‘a
- m-Wv ssh-Ie
- y-ap-≈
Ip-´n-bp-sSbpw am-Xm-hn-s‚bpw
Ip-´n-If
- p-≠m-hp-∂X
- n-s‚
i-co-cß
- ƒ X-Ωn-ep-≈ c-‡{- ]-hm-lw
\n-b-{¥n-°p∂-Xv a-dp-]n≈ (Placenta)
{]m-YanI tl-Xp.
bmWv. am-Xrc-‡w h-ln-°p-∂ sNdnb c-‡-°p-g-ep-Iƒ πm-k-‚ h-gn K¿`-ÿ in-ip-hn-te-°v A-h-iy-L-SIß-sf F-Øn-°p∂p. Cu Ah-iy-LS- I
- ß
- f
- n¬ \yqtdm-sI-an-°e
- p-Ifpw
Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. {]-k-h-ti-jw K¿-`]m{Xw a-dp-]n-≈-sbbpw ]p-d¥≈p-∂p.
Aw-\n-tbm-´n-Iv ( Amneotic ) {Zmh-Iw \n-d-™ K¿-`m-i-b A-d-bmWv ( Amneotic Sac )Ip-´n-°v _m-ly-a¿-±-ß-fn¬ \n-∂v kw-c£-Ww \¬-
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
-18Ip-∂Xv. K¿`-Ime-Øv Ah-s‚ hoSpw hym-bm-a-ap-dnbpsa√mw Cu A-dbmWv. ]p-d-Øp \n-∂p-≈ k-Ω¿-±-ßfpw im-cocn-I hy-Xn-bm-\-ßfpw
Ah-s\ km-c-am-bn _m-[n-°m-sX Cu A-d kw-c£-Ww \¬-Ip∂p.
K¿-`-[m-c-W-Øn-s‚ 10˛B-a-sØ B-gv-Nbn¬ G-Xm-≠v 30 an-en
Aw\n-tbm-´n-Iv {Zm-h-I-am-Wv A-d-bn¬ D-≠m-hp-I, 34˛36 B-gv-N-Iƒ Bhp-tºmƒ C-Xv G-I-tZ-iw 1 en-‰¿ B-bn D-b-cpw. {Zm-h-I-kw-`c-W-ti-jn
]q¿-Æ-am-hp-∂-Xv Cu Im-e-b-f-hn-em-Wv. {]-k-h-tØm-sS Aw-\n-tbm-´nIv {Zmh-Iw A-d-bn¬ \n-∂v kz-X-{¥-am-hp-Ibpw Ip-´n-sb K¿-`]m-{X-Øn\p ]p-d-sØ-Øn-°p-Ibpw sN-øp∂p. K¿-`-Ime-Øv ap-gp-h\pw A-h-\v
hn-`h-t{km-X- m-bn \n∂ s]m-°nƒ-s°m-Sn hn-t—-Zn-°p-∂-tXm-sS Ip-´nbp-sS B-Zy-I-c-®n¬ D-≠m-hp-∂p.
s]m-°nƒ-s°m-Sn hn-t—-Zn-°p-∂t- Xm-sS
Ip-´n-bp-sS B-Zy-Ic
- ®
- n¬ D-≠m-hp-∂p.
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
3
{]Y-at- cm-Z\
- w (First Cry)
Hcp Ip´n-bpsS P\-\-Øn¬ Gsd {]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p∂ H∂mWv
{]Y-a-tcm-Z-\w. {]-k-h-w I-gn™v 20 sk-°‚p-Iƒ-°p-≈n-em-bn-cn°pw
A-Xv kw-`hn-°p-∂-Xv. IrXy-amb ka-b-Øp≈ {]Y-a-tcm-Z\w BtcmKy-I-c-amb P\-\-Øns‚ kqN-\-bm-sW∂v hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Sp∂p. B[p\nI im-kv-{X-`m-jbn¬ ]-d-™m¬ Ip-´n-bp-sS B-Zy-I-c-®n¬ {]-k-hØn\p ti-j-w izm-k-sa-Sp-°m-\p-≈ Ah-s‚ B-Zy-{i-a-amWv. K¿-`-]m{X-Øn-\p-≈n¬ H-cp ¢n-]v-Xam-b Xm-]-\n-e-bn¬ ˛ G-Xm-≠v 37 Un-{Kn
sk‚n-t{K-Uv ˛ Ign™n-cp-∂ Ip-´n sU-enh-dn dq-an-se 22 Un-{Kn- sk‚nt{KUn-te-°v F-Øp-tºm-gp-≠m-Ip-∂ Xm-]h
- y-Xn-bm-\w A-h\
- n¬ i-‡amb N-e-\-ap-≠m-°p-∂p. te-_¿-dq-an-se Xm-]\n-e km-[m-c-W 22 Un{Kn
sk‚n-t{K-Uv Bbn \nP-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°pw. \-·am-b i-co-chpw Xm-]\n-e-bnse Cu hen-b hy-Xym-k-hpw A-h-\v s]m-cp-Ø-s∏-S¬ hn-j-a-Ic-am-°p∂p. `b-N-In-X-\m-hp-∂ Ip-´n k¿-∆-i-‡n-bp-ap-]-tbm-Kn-®v Zo¿L-izm-k-sa-Sp-°p-I-bpw H-∏w I-c-bp-Ibpw sN-øp-∂p. 9 am-k-°m-ew {Zm-
-20h-I-Øm¬ Np-‰-s∏-´v K¿-`mib A-d-bp-sS kp-c-£n-X-Xz-Øn¬ I-gn-™ncp-∂ Ip-´n s]m-°nƒ-s°m-Sn ap-dn-°p-tºm-ƒ imco-cn-I-ambn ]q¿ÆkzX-{¥-\m-hp∂p. k-\m-Y-Xz-Øn¬ \n-∂v A-\m-Y-Xz-Øn-te-°v F-Øp∂Xp t]m-se-bp-≈ A-h-ÿ-bmWv Cu ]-dn-®p-am-‰¬- Ah\n¬ kr-„n°p-∂Xv.
B¿-°n-ao-Un-b≥ kn-≤m-¥-a-\p-k-cn-®v {Zm-h-I-Øn¬ I-gn-bp-∂ Ip´n X-s‚ i-co-c-`m-c-sØ∏-‰n Xo¿-Øpw A-⁄-\m-sW-∂p I-cp-Xmw. hkvX
- p-°ƒ-°v {Zm-hI
- Ø
- n¬ e-LpXzw
A-\p-`h-s∏-Sp∂-Xp t]m-se Ip-´n kz¥w `m-c-an√m-bv-a A-\p-`hn-°p-I-bmAXnk-¶o¿Æ-amb
Wv. Kp-cp-Xzm-I¿-j-W-Øn-s‚ \n-baa\pjy P\\w F∂
ß-sfm∂pw
A-h-\n¬ Cu Im-ecmk-{]-h¿Ø-\Ø
- nse
b-f-hn¬ {]m-tbm-Kn-Ia√. {]-k-h-khfsc {]m[m-\y-ap≈
a-b-Øv G-Xm-≠v 3, 4Intem `m-c-amHcp LS-Ia
- mWv
Wv A-\p-`-hn-°p-∂-sX-¶nepw `mc-cm{]Y-at- cm-Z\w
ln-Xy-Øn¬ ( Weightlessness ) \n∂p≈ B am‰w Ah-\v hf-sc h-epXm-Wv. `m-cs
- Ø-∏‰
- n-bp-≈ Cu t_m[hpw {]Y-a-tcm-Z-\-Øn\v Im-c-W-am-hp∂p.
ssh-Zy-im-kv{Xw {]Y-a-tcm-Z-\-Øn-s\ hn-e-bn-cp-Øp∂-Xv izm-ktIm-i-Øn-s‚ hn-Im-k-Øn-\p-≈ Hcp D-]m-b-am-bn-´mWv. {Zm-h-I-Øm¬
\n-d-™n-cn-°p-∂ izm-k-tIm-iw kz-X-{¥-am-hp∂-Xv {]Y-a-tcm-Z-\-tØmsS-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ AXnk-¶o¿Æ-amb a\pjy P\\w F∂ cmk-{]h¿Ø-\-Ønse hfsc {]m[m-\y-ap≈ Hcp LS-I-amWv {]Y-a-tcm-Z\w
F∂Xp sIm≠v, sshI-ey-ßsf Af-°p-∂-Xn¬ AXns‚ D]-tbm-Ktbm-KyX F¥m-sW∂v H∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°mw. P\\w F∂ cmk-{]{Inb sshIey \nhmcW imkv{Xw F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬ khn-kvXcw
{]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-´p-≠v. XpS¿∂p≈ A[ym-bØ
- n¬ {]Y-at- cm-Z\
- hpw sshI-
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
-21ey-ßfpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w hni-Z-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂p-≠v.
4
K¿`m-hÿ
b
- n¬ \n-∂p-≈ ]-cn-Wmaw˛
H-cp hn-eb
- n-cpج
{]Y-at- cm-Z\
- Ø
- n-te°v Ip´nsb \bn-°p∂ Imc-Wß
- ƒ \mw N¿®
sNbvXp. C\n AXns‚ imkv{Xo-b-amb hi-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Hcp At\zj-W-am-hmw. Ip-´n-bp-sS B-Zy-I-c-®n¬ {]-[m-\-ambpw imco-cn-I-ambn c≠v am-‰-ß-fm-Wv D-≠m-°p-∂-Xv.
1. izm-k-tIm-i-Øn-s‚ hn-Im-kw.
2. {`q-Wm-h-ÿ-bn-se c-‡-Nw-{I-a-W-Øn¬ \n∂pw kz-i-co-c-Ønse Nw-{I-a-W-Øn-te-°p-≈ ]-cn-h¿Ø-\w.
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
-22{]k-h-Øn\p apºp≈ Ahÿ c≠v Imc-W-߃ sIm≠v sshIey
\nhm-cW imkv{X-Øn¬ {]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p-∂p.
1. in-ip-hn-s‚ h-f¿-® ]m-Zm-ZntI-i {I-a-Øn-em-Wv. Cu L-´-Øn¬
Ip-´n-bv-°m-h-iyam-b t{]m-´o-\p-Ifpw cm-k-L-S-I-ßfpw A-Ω \¬-Ip∂Xp sIm-≠v kz-¥-am-bn-´v H-cp {]-h¿-Ø-\-hpw Ip-™n-\n√. H-cp X-c-Ønep-ap-≈ im-cocnI ]-cnWm-a {]-{In-bbpw ( Metablosm ) Ip-´n ap≥-ssIsb-Sp-Øv k-Pohamt°-≠ B-h-iy-hp-an√.
2. ssh-Im-cn-Im-\p--`h-߃ Ip-´n-sb kv-]¿-in-°p-∂n√ F-∂p≈Xp sIm-≠v c-‡-Nw-{I-a-W hy-h-ÿ-bn¬ A-Xn-th-K-Øn-ep-≈tXm kΩ¿-±w {]-tbm-Kn-®p-≈tXm B-b c-‡-{]-hm-l-߃ Xo-sc-bn√. Nn-¥m{]-{In-b {]-h¿-Øn-°mØ-Xp sIm-≠v im-cocnI Xm-]-\n-e-bn¬ am-‰-ßfp-ap≠m-hp-∂n√, A-Xp sIm-≠p Xs∂ Xm-]-i-a-\n-I-fp-sS B-h-iyhpw
D-≠m-hp-∂n√. kn-cm˛[a-\o ]-S-e-߃-°v ( veins and arteries ) bm-sXmcp-hn-[Ø
- n-ep-ap-≈ ]-¶m-fnØw Cu L-´Ø
- n-en√.
{]k-hm-\¥-cw
Ip-´n t\-cn-Sp-∂
{]-[m-\s
- h√p-hnfn-Ifn-sem-∂v
kz-X{- ¥-am-bn
iz-kn°p-I
F-∂X
- mWv.
F-∂m¬ {]-k-h-tijw, {]tXy-In®pw s]m°nƒ-s°m-Sn ap-dn-®-Xn-\p ti-jw ÿn-Xn-K-Xn-Iƒ
B-sI am-dp-∂p.
{]-k-hm-\¥-cw Ip-´n t\-cn-Sp-∂ {]-[m-\-sh√phn-fn-Ifn-sem-∂v kz-X-{¥-am-bn iz-kn°p-I F-∂XmWv. sXm´p ap-ºp h-sc tem--`-an√m-sX s]m°nƒ-s°m-Sn h-gn In-´n-s°m-≠n-cp-∂- πm-k‚¬
Hm-Iv-kn-P≥ C√m-Ø A-h-ÿ Ip-´n-sb ]-cn-{-`-an∏n-°p∂p. izm-k-tIm-iw {Zm-h-I-Øm¬ \n-d-™ncn-°p-∂ ÿnXnbn-em-Wv A-h≥ ]pd-Øp h-cp∂Xv. hm-bp-hn-s‚ kz-X-{¥ k-©m-cw B-h-iy-aps≠-∂ Xn-cn-®-dn-hv Ip-´n-bn¬ H-cp B-i-b-°p-g-
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
-23∏w kr-„n-bv-°p∂p. Xm-]-\n-e-bnepw ico-tcm-jv-am-hn-ep-ap-≈ am-‰-tØmSv Ahs‚ \m-Uo-hy-h-ÿ {]-Xn-I-cn-®p Xp-S-ßp∂-Xv B-Zy iz-k-\-Øn\v hgn-sbm-cp-°p-∂p. s]s´-∂p-≠m-Ip-∂ im-cocn-I ]-cn-Wma-ß-tfm-Sv
s]m-cp-Ø-s∏-Sm≥ Ahs‚ im-cocn-I kw-hn-[m-\-߃ b-Xv-\n-°p-∂-Xns‚ H-cp ]-Sn-bm-Wv {]-Y-a iz-k-\hpw tcm-Z-\-hpw.
{]-k-h-tijw, G-Xm-≠v 20 sk-°‚n-\p-≈n¬ B-Zy-izm-k-sa-Sp°p-∂ Ip-´n im-co-cn-I-am-b a-s‰m-cp s]m-cp-Ø-t°-Sn-te-°m-Wv Xp-S¿-∂p
t]m-hp-∂-Xv. izm-k-tIm-i-Øn-s‚ {]-Xn-tcm-[-Øn¬ (Pulomnary Vascular
Resistance) \n-∂pw iz-k-\-{]-X-e-Øn-s‚ hn-Im-k-Øn-te-°m-Wv Ip-´n ASp-Ø L-´-Øn-¬ F-Øp-∂Xv. B-Zy-izm-kw iz-k-\-{]-Xe-sØ hn-I-kn∏n-°p-Ibpw {]Xn-tcm[-sØ Zp¿-_-e-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sN-øp-∂Xp Xn-cn®-dn-bm≥ Ip-´n-bv°
- v km-[n-°p∂p, C-Xv Ah-s‚ B-ib
- °
- pg-∏w Iq-´p∂p.
Xp-S¿-∂p-≈ 30 sk-°t- ‚m-fw izm-kt- Im-i c-‡N
- w-{Ia-Ww ( Pulmonary
Circulation ) h¿-≤n® tXm-Xn-em-hp-Ibpw izm-k-tIm-i-Øn¬ Hm-Iv-knP≥ \n-d-bp-Ibpw sN-øp∂p. h¿-’yw ( Alveoli ) hgn Hm-Iv-knP-s‚ k©m-cw kp-Ka
- a
- m-hp-Ibpw sN-øp-∂t- Xm-sS iz-k\
- {]-{In-bb
- p-sS B-ZyL´w ]q-¿-Øn-bm-hp-∂p. {]m-W-hm-bp h-ln-°p∂ ip-≤c-‡w CS-Xv G-{Snb-Ønepw sh-≥-{Sn-°n-fnepw F-Øp-Ibpw Xp-S¿-∂v a-lm-[a-\n ( Aorta )
h-gn s]m-°nƒ-s°m-Sn-[a
- \
- n-bn( Umbilical artery )s
- e-Øp-Ibpw sN-øp∂p.
Cu c-‡-{]-hm-lw s]m-°nƒ-s°m-Sn [-a-\n-bp-sS \n¿-ΩmW-sØ D-tØPn-∏n-°p∂p. Cu [a-\o \n¿-Ωm-Ww πmk‚-bn¬ \n∂p≈ c‡-{]-hml-Øn¬ Ipdhp hcp-Øp-∂p. izm-k-tIm-i-c-‡-Nw-{Ia-Ww h¿-≤n-°p∂-tXm-sS πm-k‚¬ c-‡-{]-hm-lw X-Øp-eyamb timj-Ww t\-cn-SpI-bpw, Xp-S¿-∂v G-Xm-≠v aq-∂p an-\n-‰p-Iƒ-°p-≈n¬ ]q¿-Æ-am-bpw \n-ebv-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.
Cu c-≠v am-‰-ßfpw lr-Z-b-Øn¬ \n-∂p-≈ c-‡-Øn-s‚ {]-hmlsØ ]ƒ-aW-dn B-°n-am-‰p∂p. H-cm-fp-sS kz-X-{¥ im-co-cn-I-kw-hn-[m\-ß-fp-sS kz-X-{¥hpw ]-cm-{i-b-an√m-sX-bp-ap-≈ {]-h¿Ø-\w B-cw--`n-
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
-24°p-∂Xv Cu L-´-Øn-emWv. as‰m-c¿∞-Øn¬ ]d™m¬ PohnXw Bcw-`n°p- ∂ Xv Cu imco- c nI
{]Xn-`m-k-Øns‚ XpS¿®bm-bn-´m-Wv.
h-f¿-®-bp-sSbpw hnIm- k - Ø n- s ‚bpw ]- S - h pIƒ B-cw-`n-°p-∂ Cu Ah-ÿb
- n¬ Ip-´n-bp-sS i-cocw A\p-tbm-Pyam-b cm-kL- S - I - ß ƒ ( Chemical
Substances ) B-h-iy-s∏Sp∂p. A-¥:-{km-h-{K-Ÿn
(Endocrine) hy-hÿ
- b
- m-Wv
Cu A-h-iy-aq-e-I-߃ ico-c-Øn¬ D¬-∏m-Zn-∏n-°p∂Xv. ssh-Im-cn-Iam-b {]h¿- Ø - \ - ß ƒ- ° v A\ptbm-Pyam-b cm-k-L-S-I߃ D¬-∏m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂X
- pw
Cu im-cocn-I hy-h-ÿ X-s∂-bm-Wv.
h-f¿-®b
- p-sSbpw hnIm-kØ
- n-s‚bpw
]-Sh
- p-Iƒ B-cw-`n-°p∂ Cu A-hÿ
- b
- n¬
Ip-´n-bp-sS i-co-cw
A\p-tbm-Pyam-b
cm-kL
- S- I
- ß
- ƒ
B-hi
- y-s∏-Sp∂p.
A-¥:-{km-h{- K-Ÿn
hy-hÿ
- b
- m-Wv Cu
A-hi
- y-aq-eI
- ß
- ƒ
i-co-cØ
- n¬ D¬-∏m-Zn∏n-°p-∂Xv.
A-¥:{km-h-{K-Ÿn hy-h-ÿ-bn¬ ]n-‰yq-´dn, ssX-tdm-bv-Uv, ]mcmssX-tdm-bvUv, ]m≥-{In-bmkv, A-{Uo-\m-en≥, A-fimi-b, hr-j-W kwhn-[m-\-߃ Dƒ-s°m-≈p∂p. F≥-tUm-ss{I≥ hy-h-ÿ-bn-se {K-ŸnIfpw A-h D¬-∏m-Zn-∏n-°p∂ tlm¿-tam-Wp-Ifpw i-co-c-Øn-se F√m
A-h-b-h-ß-sfbpw A-h-bp-sS {]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-sfbpw F-¥n-\v tIm-i-ßsfbpw h-sc _m-[n-°p∂p. am-\-kn-Imh-ÿ, h-f¿-®˛hn-Im-k߃, i-
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
-25co-c-I-e-I-fp-sS ( Bodily tissues ) {]-h¿-Ø-\߃, im-cocn-I {]-Xn--`mk߃, {]-Xyp¬-]m-Z\
- {- ]-{In-bI
- ƒ F-∂nh-sb \n-b{- ¥n-°p-∂X
- n¬ F≥tUm-ss{I≥ hy-h-ÿ hen-b ]-¶v h-ln-°p∂p. Np-cp-°-Øn¬ H-cp a-\pjy-s‚ im-co-cn-Ihpw am-\-kn-I-hpam-b F√m {]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-sfbpw {]Xn-`m-k-ß-sfbpw \n-b-{¥n-°p-∂-Xn¬ F≥-tUm-ss{I≥ hy-h-ÿ-bv-°v
\n¿-Æm-b-Iam-b ÿm-\-am-Wp-≈-Xv.
]m≥-{In-bm-kn-s\ Z-l-\-hy-h-ÿ-bp-sS -`m-K-am-bn-´m-Wv km-[mc-W I-cp-Xp-∂-sX-¶n-epw, Z-l-\-c-k-߃ D¬-∏m-Zn-∏n-°p∂-Xp sIm-≠v
Cu tlm¿-tam¨ {k-h-W {]-{In-b-bn¬ ]m≥-{In-bmkpw Dƒ-s∏-Sp∂p.
lm¿-tam¨ D¬-∏m-Z-I-cn¬ F≥-tUm-ss{I≥ X-s∂-bm-Wv {]-[m-\-sa¶nepw X-e-t®mdv, lr-Zbw, izm-k-tImiw, hr-°, I-cƒ, Xz-°v, a-dp-]n≈ ap-X-em-b-hbpw tlm¿-tam¨ {k-hn-∏n°m-dp-≠v.
{]Y-a-tcm-Z-\-Øn-\p ti-j-ap-≈ h-f¿®m Im-e-L-´-sØ-bm-Wv {]k-hm\-¥-c Im-e-sa-∂p ( Postpartum Period) hn-fn-°p-∂Xv. {K-Ÿn-I-fpsS {]-h¿-Ø-\hpw ap≥-]v hn-h-cn-°-s∏-´ im-cocn-I {]-Xn--`m-k-ßfpw icnbm-b co-Xn-bn¬ \-S-∂m¬ B-tcm-Ky-I-cam-b h-f¿-®-bm-sW-∂v a-\- nem-°mw. A-ß-s\-bm-hp-tºmƒ km-[m-c-W-K-Xn-bn¬ {]-iv-\-ß-sfm∂pw
Iq-Sm-sX H-cp hy-‡n-bn¬ h-f¿-®m-L-´-߃ ]q¿-Øn-bm-hm-dp-≠v. AØcw hy-‡n-I-fn¬ tcm-K-߃ h-∂m¬ Nn-In-’m-am¿-§-߃ D-]-tbm-Kn-®v
t-`Z-am-°p-hm\pw B-tcmKyw ]p-\-ÿm-]n-°m\pw I-gn-bp∂p. A-¥:-{kmh-{K-Ÿn-I-fp-sS {]-h¿Ø-\w kp-K-a-am-bn \-S-°p-∂ H-cm-fn¬ B-h-iy-ap≈ h-f¿-®m aq-e-I-ß-fp-sS( Developmental chemicals ) hn-X-c-Whpw
i-cnbm-b co-Xn-bn-em-bn-cn-°pw. h-f¿-®-bp-sS L-´-ß-fn¬ i-co-cw B-hiy-s∏-Sp∂ tXm-Xn¬ hn-Im-k-Øn-\m-h-iy-am-b L-S-I-߃ D¬-∏m-Zn-∏n°m≥- F≥-tUm-ss{I≥ hy-h-ÿ k-÷-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv B-tcm-Kye£-Ww F-∂p ]-d-™mepw sX-‰n√.
H-cm-fn-s‚ ti-jn-Iƒ im-cocn-I -˛ am-\kn-I B-tcm-Ky-Øn¬ A-
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
-26[n-jvTn-Xa
- m-bn-cn-°pw. ku-µc
- ym-flI
- am-b imco-cnI k-¥p-en-Xm-hÿ
- bpw
{]-Xn-k-a-X-bpw ( Symmetry) (BIm-c ku-jvT-hw) Btcm-Ky-Øns‚
e£-W-am-Wv. B-\p-]m-Xn-Ihpw Ir-Xy-hpam-b i-co-c-LS-\m hn-\ym-kw
H-cm-fp-sS B-Im-c`-- w-Kn-sb \n-›-bn-°p∂p. Hcm-fpsS Ah-bh hn\ymkw
ImgvNbv°p `wKn-bp-≈Xpw {]h¿Ø\ kzmX{¥yw \¬Ip-∂-Xp-amb
kv-Yn-Xn-bn-em-sW-¶n¬ B hy‡n BtcmKyhpw kuµ-cy-hp-ap-≈-bmfmWv F∂p hne-bn-cp-Ømw.
am-\kn-I h-f¿-®-bv°pw Ir-Xyhpw ap≥ \n-›-bn-® {]-Im-c-ap-≈Xpam-b h-f¿-®m tXm-Xv ˛ kv-sI-bn¬˛ D-≠v. A-Xn-se L-´-ß-fp-sS ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-am-Wv H-cmƒ°v am-\-knIm-tcm-Ky-a-pt≠m F-∂p a-\- n-em-°m\p-≈ Af-hp-tIm¬. h-f¿-®m-L-´ß-sf A-f-°p-∂-Xn\pw hn-e-bn-cp-Øp∂-Xn\pw im-kv-{Xo-bam-b am¿-§ß-fp≠v. AXnse t]mcm- b v a - I sf
hf¿®m sshI-ey-߃ F∂p hnfn-°p-∂p. {]mb-Øn-\-\p-k-cn-®p≈
hf¿®-bn-√mbva sshIey-ambn ]cn-KW
- n-°s
- ∏-Sp-∂p. _p≤n-amµyw F∂v
kaqlw hnfn-°p∂ B Ahÿbpw F≥tUm-ss{I≥ hyh-ÿ-bpsS
]Zm¿∞-hn-X-c-W-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p.
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
5
ssh-Ie
- y-ßf
- p-sS Im-cW
- ß
- ƒ˛
ssi-ih
- Z- i
- b
- p-sS A-]{- KY-\w
ssh-I-ey-ß-sf kw-_-‘n-®v C-Xp-h-sc-bp-≈ i-co-c-im-kv-{X-]-camb H-cp \n¿-h-N-\hpw ]q¿-Ætam Xr-]v-XnI-ctam A√. ]e ssh-I-eyßfpw I-s≠-Øp-tºm-tg°pw A-]-cn-lm-cy-am-b A-h-ÿ-bn-te-°v hf¿-∂n-´p-≠m-hmw. ]-e-t∏mgpw tUm-Œ¿-am¿ ]-d-bp∂-Xv tI-´n-´p≠v, Ip-´n°me-Øv I-s≠-Øn-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ C∂ tcm-Kw ]-cn-l-cn-°m-am-bn-cp-∂p
F-∂v. icn-bmb ka-bØv Is≠-Øn-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ ]cn-l-cn-°m-am-bncp∂p F∂p≈ {]kvXm-h\ sshIey NnIn-’-bnepw {]k-‡-am-Wv.
tcm-K-\n¿Æ-bw ssh-In-bm¬ Nn-In-’n-®v ]-cn-l-cn-°m-\m-hm-Ø ÿnXn-bn-te-°v tcm-Kn h-s∂-Øn-t®-cp-∂p F-∂m-Wv A-Xn-\¿∞w. sshIey-ßsf icn-bmb ka-bØv Is≠-Øm≥ Fßs\ km[n°pw? ssii-h-Z-i-bn¬ ssh-I-ey-߃ a-\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn-\v {i-h-W t\-{X C-{µnb-ß-fp-sS {]-h¿Ø-\w H-cp A-fhp-tIm-em-bn ]-cn-K-Wn-°mw.
{]-k-h-]q¿-∆m-h-ÿ-bn-ep-≈ ( Pre-partum period ) A-t\-Iw A]mb km-[y-XIƒ, cm-k-LS-\m hy-Xn-bm-\߃, am-Xm-hn-ep-≈ cm-k-L-S-
-28I-ß-fp-sS A-k-¥p-en-Xm-h-ÿ ap-X-em-b-h-sb√mw Ip-´n-bp-sS hn-ImksØ _m-[n-°p∂p. h-f-¿-®-bn-ep≈ ssh-I-ey-߃ hn-c¬ Nq-≠p-∂Xpw
C-∏-d-™ Im-c-W-ß-fn-te-°mWv. Ip-´n-bp-sS hn-thN-\˛ hn-iI-e-\ tijn-Iƒ s]m-°nƒ-s°m-Sn \¬-Ip-∂ cm-k-L-S-I-ßsf B{i-bn-®n-cn-°p∂p. B hn-X-c-W-Øn-se t]m-cm-bv-a Ah-s‚ ti-jnI-sf _m-[n-°p-sa∂v hy-‡-am-W-t√m.
\m-Uo-hy-h-ÿ-bp-sSbpw im-cocn-I˛ am-\kn-I tijn-I-fpsSbpw hf¿-®-bv-°m-h-iy-am-b- cm-k-L-S-I-ß-fpsS D¬-∏m-Z-\-Øn-\v \n›n-X A-f-hpIfpw A-fhp-tIm-ep-If
- p-ap-≠v. ]m≥-{Inbm-kv {K-Ÿnbpw A-\p-_-‘ im-cocnI hy-h-ÿ-Ifpw Hmtcm h-f¿-®m-L-´Ønepw A-Xn-\-\p-k-cn-®p-≈ D¬-]mZ\w B-Wv B-hi
- y-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. B-hi
- yØn-\-\p-kr-X-a√m-Ø cm-k-L-S-I-ßfp-sS D¬-]mZ-\w ssh-Ie
- y-ßf
- n-te-°v
\-bn-°p-∂p. F√m ssh-I-ey-ßfpw
AØ-cw G-‰-°p-d-®n-ep-I-fp-am-bn _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. P-\n-X-Iamb sshI-ey-ßf
- p-sS-bpw Imc-Ww CXp Xs∂bm-Wv.
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
B-hi
- y-Øn-\\
- p-kr-Xa√m-Ø cm-kL
- S- I
- ß
- fp-sS D¬-]mZ-\w
ssh-Ie
- y-ßf
- n-te-°v
\-bn-°p-∂p. F√m
ssh-Ie
- y-ßfpw AØcw G-‰°
- p-d®
- n-ep-If
- p-ambn _-‘s
- ∏-´n-cn-°p∂p.
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
6
Po-hh
- m-bphpw ssh-Ie
- y-ßfpw
ssh-I-ey-ß-fp-sS Im-c-W-sa-¥v F-∂p-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p F-s‚ At\z-j-W-Øn-s‚ Im-X¬ F-∂v ap-tº ]-d-™n-cp-∂-t√m. B A-t\z-jW-߃ F-s∂ F-Øn-® \n-K-a-\ß-sf H-∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.
K¿-`-Ime-Øv ]m-Zm-Zn tI-i {I-a-Øn-¬ h-f-cp-∂ Ip-´n {]-k-h-tijw X-e ap-X¬ Im¬ h-sc F-∂ hf¿®m-{I-aØnte-°v am-dp∂p. Ip-´nbpsS A-Snÿm-\-]-cam-b i-co-cL-S-\ hn-I-kn-°p-∂-Xv {]-k-h-]q¿-∆
L-´-Øn-em-Wv. km-[m-c-W Cu L-´-Øn-se t]m-cm-bv-aIƒ Hm-Iv-kn-Pt\-j≥ h-gn ]-cn-l-cn-°-s∏-Sm-dp-≠v. Po-h-hm-bp-hn-s‚ {]-hm-l-Øn-\v Ah ]-cn-l-cn-°m-\p-≈ ti-jn D≈-Xp sIm-≠v an-°-hm-dpw im-cocn-I \yq\-X-Iƒ {]IS-am-hm-dn√. F∂m¬ Cß-s\ ]-cn-l-cn-°-s∏-Sm-sX t]mhp∂ t]m-cm-bv-a-Iƒ ssh-I-ey-ß-fn-te-°v in-ip-hn-s\ \-bn-°p-∂p. ASnÿm-\ i-co-c-L-S-\-bn-se \yq-\-XI-sf k-aq-lw ssh-I-ey-ß-fm-bn
IcpXp-∂p F-∂p≈-Xp sIm-≠v {]-k-h-]q¿-∆L-´w ( Pre-partum ) {]tXy-I{i-≤ A¿-ln-°p∂p.
-30a-\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øn-se {]-[m-\-s∏-´ L-S-I-ßfn-sem-∂mWv hmbp. AXv Po-h-s‚bpw B-tcm-Ky-I-cam-b Po-hn-X-Øn-s‚-bpw ASn-ÿm\-L-SIw IqSn-bm-Wv. izm-tkm-—zm-kw am-{X-am-Wv hm-bp-hn-s‚ [¿-Ωsa-∂m-Wv s]m-Xp-sh-bp-≈ [mc-W, F-∂m¬ ssh-I-ey-\nhmc-W imkv-{X-Øn¬ a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Ønse hm-bp-hn-s‚ {]m-[m\yw A-\m-hr-Xam- ° - s ∏- ´ n- ´ p- ≠ v . t_m[w, hn⁄m-\w, hn-th-N\w, Xn-cn-®-dnhv,
bm-Ym¿∞y-t_m-[w F-∂n-h-bpsS {]-[m-\ t{]-c-Ii-‡nbpw PoK¿-`I
- me-Øv ]m-Zm-Zn
h-hm-bp B-Wv. sshI-ey-ßf
- psS
tI-i {I-aØ
- n-¬ h-fc
- pImc-W-ßsf ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬
∂ Ip-´n {]-kh
- t- i-jw
CXv hy‡-am-hpw. hm-bp-hn-s‚
kzm-[o-\w sIm-≠v ta¬-∏-d-™
X-e ap-X¬ Im¬ h-sc
ti-jn-Iƒ t\-Sm-\pw, \-„-s∏-SpF-∂ hf¿®m-{IaØm\pw I-gn-bpw. HmIvkn-P-t\Ønte-°v am-dp∂p.
j≥ F∂ km[m-cW imco-cnI
[¿Ω-Ønse hogvN-Iƒ°v Hcp
Ip´nsb sshI- e y- ß - f n- t e°v
\bn-°m≥ km[n-°p∂p F∂Xv
AXns‚ {]m[m-\y-Øn\v ASn-h-c-bn-Sp-∂p. {]mW-hmbp F∂pw Pohhmbp F∂pw a‰p-ap≈ {]tbm-Kß
- ƒ Be-¶m-cn-Iw a
- m{Xa-√. Poh-\nepw
{]mW-\nepw hmbp-hn\v AZzn-Xo-b-amb ÿm\w Xs∂-bm-Wp-≈-Xv.
sshIey \nhm-cW imkv{Xw F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬ AXns\°pdn®v khnkvXcw {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p-≠v.
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
7
Xz-°n-s‚ {]-h¿-Ø\
- hpw kw-th-Z\
- {- ]-{In-bbpw
icocw temIsØ A\p-`-hn-°p-∂Xv A©v C{µn-b-ß-fn-eq-sS-bmWv. IÆv, aq°v, \m°v, sNhn, Xz°v F∂o A©v C{µn-b-߃ A\p-`h-ßsf Xe-t®m-dn-te°v ktµ-i-ß-fmbn Ab®v ]pdw temIsØ icoc-Øn\v ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. ChbpsS {]h¿Ø-\-tijn ]q¿Æ-am-hp∂Xv {]k-hm-\-¥c L´-Øn-em-Wv. A-©v C-{µn-b-߃°pw A-XXnt‚Xm-b [¿-Ω-ß-fp≠v. Xz-°v kv-]¿-i-\-Øn-eq-sSbpw \m-km-Zzm-cw
K-‘-Øn-eq-sSbpw t\-{X-߃ Im-gv-N-bn-eq-sS-bpw Pn-lz AY-hm \m-hv
cp-Nn-°p-∂-Xn-eq-sSbpw t{im-t{X-{µnbpw tIƒ-hn-bn-eq-sSbpw X-e-t®m-dnte-°v hn-h-c-߃ A-b-bv-°p∂p. X-e-t®m-dv i-co-c-Øn-s‚ A-\p--`-h-߃
A-dn-bp∂-Xv C-{µn-b-߃ h-gn-bm-Wv. C-{µn-bß-sf i-co-c-Øn-s‚ hmXm-b-\-ß-fm-bn ]-cn-K-Wn-°mw. A-h-bn-eq-sS-bmWv ]pdw-temI-sØ \mw
a-\- n-em-°p-∂-Xv,
]-t©-{µn-b-ß-fn¬ G-‰hpw h-epXv Xz-°v BWv. Xz-°n-s‚
-32G-sX-¶nepw -`mK-Øv G¬-°p-∂ kv-]¿i-\w 1 F-∂v X-e-t®m¿ tc-Js∏-Sp-Øp∂p. H-∂n-te-sd -`m-K-ß-fn¬ G¬-°p-∂ kv-]¿i-\w hy-Xy-kvXam-b A-\p--`-h-am-Wv \¬-Ip-I. sam-´p-kq-Nn sIm-≠p Ip-Øp-∂Xpw hnc¬ sIm-≠p sXm-Sp-∂Xpw hy-Xy-kv-X-am-W-t√m. N-cI-s‚ A--`n-{]m-bØn¬ a-\p-jy-i-co-c-Øn¬ 98,869 \m-Uo _n-µp-°ƒ AY-hm \mUo-Iq]-߃ ( Nerve endings ) D-≠v. Hmtcm Iq-]-Øn-epw G¬°p∂ kv-]¿i\w 1/98869 F-∂ {I-a-Øn-em-Wv X-e-t®m-dv A-S-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øp-I. Xz°n-s‚ ]-c-amh-[n kw-thZ-\-ti-jn 98869/98,689 F- n-se G-‰hpw hen-b A-hb
- ∂ A-h-ÿ-bmWv, a-c-W- i-co-cØ
Øn- ¬ am- { X- a m- W v A- ham-b Xz-°v i-cmicn G-Xm-≠v 18
{Xbpw hen-b kw-thZ-\w
N- X p- c - { ib- S n hn- k v - X o¿- Æ - h pw
A-\p--`-hn-°p-∂Xv. AY-hm
- pB kw-th-Z\
- t- i-jnsb-bm- 9 ]u-≠v ( G-Xm-≠v 4 KG) Xq-°h
Wv ac-Ww F-∂p hn-fn-°p- ap-≈ kw-th-Zt
- \m-]m-[n-bmWv.
∂-Xv.
Hmtcm \m-Uo Iq-]-Øn-sebpw kv-]¿i-\w AX-Xv tIm-Up-I-fmbn-´m-Wv X-e-t®m-dv ti-J-cn-°p-∂Xpw A-S-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xpw. Cu tcJ-s∏-Sp-ج {]-{Inb Po-hn-X-Im-ew ap-gp-h\pw Xp-S-cp∂p. tc-J-s∏-SpØ-s∏-´ hn-h-c-߃ H-cp hn-hc-t{kmX- v ( Database ) B-bn {]-h¿-Øn°p∂p. Cu hn-hc-t{km-X- n-s\-bm-Wv A-dn-hv F-∂p hn-fn-°p-∂Xv. Pohn-X-Ønse Hmtcm kv-]¿-i-\m-\p--`hhpw Cu A-dn-hn-s‚ t{km-X- n-te°v tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.
i-co-c-Øn-se G-‰hpw hen-b A-h-b-ham-b Xz-°v i-cmicn G-Xm-≠v 18
N-Xp-c-{ib-Sn hn-kv-Xo¿-Æ-hpw 9 ]u-≠v ( G-Xm-≠v 4 KG) Xq-°-hp-ap-≈
kw-th-Z-t\m-]m-[n-bmWv. kw-th-Z-I-\yq-tdm-Wp-Iƒ ( Sensory neurons )
Xz-°n¬ h-f-sc-°qSnb tXm-Xn¬ Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂p. Hmtcm N-Xpc-{i C©v Xz-°nepw \q-dp I-W-°n-\v \m-Uo Iq-]߃ / A-{K-ß-fp-≠v.
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
-33kv-]¿-i\w, a¿±w, Xm-]w ap-Xem-b ]-e-X-c-Øn-ep-≈ t{]-c-Ißsf H∂mbpw thdn-´pw, Ah-bpsS B[nIyw A\p-k-cn®pw Xn-cn-®-dnbm≥ Xz-°n-\v km-[n-°p∂p. hy-Xykv-X t{]-c-I-߃ A-h-bv-°-\p-k-cn®p-≈ dn-k-]v-‰-dpIsf / kzo-I¿-Øm°-sf D-tØ-Pn-∏n-°p∂p. H-cp kzoI¿-Øm-hv D-tØ-Pn-∏n-°s
- ∏-Sp-∂t- Xm-sS A-t\-Iw \m-Uo {]-tNm-Z\
- ߃
( Impulses) kr-„n-°-s∏-Sp∂p. Cu {]tNm-Z\ kn·-ep-Iƒ Xe-t®m-dn¬
FØn-t®-cp-tºm-gmWv \mw kv]¿i-\sØbpw AXns‚ kz`m-hs
- Øbpw
A\p-`-h-sØbpw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂Xv.
kw-th-Z-I \yq-tdm-Wp-Iƒ
hn-ce
- p-If
- p-sS A‰-Øv \m-Uo
\m-Uo A-{Kß-sf Xz-°n-se Ie-I-fp-am-bn ( Tissues ) _-‘n-∏nIq-]ß
- f
- p-sS km-{µ-Xt- bdn-b
°p∂p. \yq-tdm-Wp-I-fp-sS A-{K-hn-\ym-kw D≈-Xp sIm-≠v
`m-KØ
- p-≈ D-cp-≠ `- m-Ka
- m-Wv AAhbv°v kwth-Z\
- £
- a
- X
h-sb tbm-Pn-∏n-°p-∂Xv. Xz-°nhfsc IqSp-Xe
- m-bn-cn-°pw.
s‚ D-]c
- n-Xe
- Ø
- n-epw I-eI
- f
- nepw
G¬-°p-∂ a¿-±w \m-Uo A-{KØn-ep-≈ D-cp-≠ -`mK-sØ hnI-ea
- m-°p-It- bm cq-]Ø
- n-\v Xm¬°m-en-Iam-b am-‰w h-cp-Øp-Itbm sN-øp∂p. Cu am-‰-sØ sa°m-t\mdn-k-]v-‰¿ ( Mechanoreceptor ) F-∂v A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂ \m-Uo A{Kw Xn-cn®-dn-bp-Ibpw H-cp kv-]-µ-\sØ \m-Uo hy-h-ÿ-bn-te-°v A-b-°p-Ibpw
sN-øp∂p. B kv-]-µ-\w \m-Uo hy-h-ÿbn¬ ]-c-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. kv-]¿i\w G-‰ ÿew, AXn-t\m-sSm-∏w D≠m-b a¿±w, A-Xn-s‚ {]-th-Kw (
Velocity ) F-∂o hn-h-c-ß-fm-Wv B kv-]-µ-\-Øn-ep-≠m-hp-I. a-‰v kv-]¿i-\ kw-th-Z-I dn-k-]v-‰-dp-Ifpw A\p-tbm-Pyam-b kv-]-µ-\-߃ ]p-ds∏-Sp-hn-°p∂p. CØ-cw kv-]-µ-\-߃ B-£≥ s]m-´≥-jy¬ ( Action
Potential ) AY-hm {]-hr-Øn t{km-Xkv F-∂p hn-fn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
-34\m-Uo A-{K-ß-fm-Wv kw-th-Z-I kv-]-µ\-߃ X-e-t®m-dn-te-°v
A-b-°p-∂-sX-∂v ]-d-™p-h-t√m. {]-[m-\-ambpw Xm-sg-∏-d-bp∂ \m-ev
X-c-Øn-em-Wv Ah kv-]¿i-\w Xn-cn-®-dn-bp-∂Xv.
1. Nq-Sv ( Heat)
2. X-Wp-∏v ( Cold )
3. k-º¿-°w ( Contact )
4. thZ\ ( Pain )
Adnt™m Adn-bm-sXtbm ico-c-Øn-\-SpØv Fs¥-¶nepw
hkvXp FØp-tºmƒ sXmen-∏p-dsØ tcm-aw F-gp-∂p \n¬-°p∂-Xv
{i-≤n-®n-´p-≠m-hp-a-t√m. kv]¿i-\m-\p-`-h-Øns‚ ap∂-dn-bn-∏m-Wv Cu
Fgp∂p \n¬∏v. kw-th-Z-I-ti-jn Iq-Sp-X-emb-Xp sIm-≠v icocw
kv]¿i\w G¬°p-∂-Xn\p apºv Xs∂ Ah A\p-`-hn-°p∂p.
hn-c-ep-I-fp-sS A‰-Øv \m-Uo Iq-]-ß-fp-sS km-{µ-X-tbdn-b hn\ym-kw D≈-Xp sIm-≠v Ahbv°v kwth-Z-\-£-aX hfsc IqSp-Xem-bn-cn-°pw.
i-co-c-Øn-\v kw-c£-Ww \¬-Ip-I, hm-´¿-{]q-^v B-bn h¿-Øn°p-I, Xm-]-\n-e-bn-se hy-Xn-bm-\-ß-fn¬ \n-∂v kp-c-£ \¬-Ip-I, kuc-Xm-]-Øn¬ \n∂pw sI-an-°-ep-I-fn¬ \n∂pw kw-c£-Ww \¬Ip-I
F-∂n-hs
- bm-s°-bmWv Xz-°n-s‚ [¿-Ωß
- f
- n-¬ {]-[m-\a
- m-bh. Xz-°v C√mbn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ a-\p-jy-i-co-cw A-£-cm¿-∞-Øn¬ _m-jv-]o-I-cn-°-s∏´p t]m-tb-s\. Poh-Iw Un D¬-∏m-Zn-∏n-®v Im-’y-sØ B-tcm-Ky-ap-≈
A-ÿn-If
- m-°n am-‰p-∂X
- n¬ Xz-°v {]-[m-\]
- ¶v hln-°p∂p. ico-cØ
- n\v
kzX{¥ Ne-\-tijn \¬Ip-I, B‚n _m-Iv-So-cn-b¬ ]-Zm¿-∞ß-sf (
Anti-bacterial Substances) {k-hn-∏n-®v tcm-K-kw-{Ia-Ww X-S-bp-I F∂n-
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
-35ßs\ \nc-h[n [¿Ωß-fmWv Xz°n\p-≈-Xv. X-e-t®m-dn-s\ ]p-dw temI-hp-am-bn _-‘n-∏n-°p-∂ kw-th-Z-I D]m[nI-fp-sS H-cp irw-J-e-bm-Wv
Xz-°v F-∂p th-W-sa-¶n¬ ]-d-bmw.
aq-∂p ]m-fn-I-fm-Wv Xz-°n-\p-≈-Xv, G-‰hpw ]p-d-sa-bp≈Xns\ F∏n-sU¿-an-kv ( Epidermis ) F-∂v hnfn°p∂p. C-Xn¬ {]-[m-\-ambpw
sI-cm‰n-t\m-ssk-‰p-Iƒ ( Keratinocytes ) F∂ tIm-i-ß-fm-Wp-≈Xv.
sI-cm-‰n≥ F-∂ t{]m-´o≥ sIm-≠v kr-„n-°-s∏-´-h-bm-Wv sI-cm‰n-t\mssk-‰p-Iƒ. C-h hnhn-[ ]m-fn-Iƒ B-bn tN¿∂p Im-W-s∏-Sp∂p, \nc¥-cw h-f¿-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂ Cu ]m-fn-I-fn¬ ]p-d-ta-bp≈h tIm-i߃ a-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\-\p-k-cn®v C-f-In-t∏m-hp∂p. A-I-Øp≈ tIm-i-ßfp-sS ]m-fn-Iƒ km-h-[m-\w D-]-cn-X-e-Øn-te-°v F-Øp-Ibpw sN-øp∂p.
]pXp-Xmbn krjvSn-°-s∏-Sp∂ tImi-߃ G-Xm≠v A-©v B-gv-N-Iƒ
sIm-≠v D-]-cnX-eØnse ]m-fn-I-fn-se-Øp∂p.
ar-Xn-b-S-™ Xz-°n-s\ s]m-Xn-bp-∂ ]m-fn kv-{Sm-‰w tIm¿-Wn-bw
( Stratum corneum ) F-∂d
- n-bs
- ∏-Sp∂p, C-Xn-s‚ I-\w i-co-c`-- m-Kß
- ƒ
- °\pk-cn®v Gdnbpw Ipd-™p-an-cn-°pw. I-Æn-\p Np-‰p-ap-≈ ]m-fn-bp-sS ]Øn-c-´n-bn-te-sd I-\w ]m-Z-Øn-\-Sn-bn-se ]m-fn-Iƒ-°p≠v.
emw-K¿-lm≥-kv ( Langerhans ) tIm-i-߃ tiJ-cn°-s∏-´n-cn°p∂Xv F-∏n-sU¿-an-knemWv. Cu tIm-i-ß-fm-Wv ssh-dkv, a-‰v kmw{IanI tcm-Km-Wp-°ƒ F-∂n-h-sb-°p-dn-®p-≈ hnh-cw tcm-K-{]Xn-tcm-[
hy-hÿ-sb A-dn-bn-°p-∂Xv. F-∏n-sU¿-an-kn¬ D¬-∏m-Zn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂
sa-em-\n≥ F-∂ h-kv-Xp-hm-Wv Im≥-k-dn-\v Im-c-W-am-tb-°m-hp-∂ Aƒ{Sm-h-be-‰v c-iv-an-I-fn¬ \n-∂v \-sΩ kw-c-£n-°p-∂-Xv. i-co-c-Øns‚ \ndhpw sa-em-\n-s‚ km-∂n-≤y-hp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p.sa-em-\n≥ IqSp-X-ep-≈ Xz-°v I-dpØpw Ip-d™-Xv sh-fpØpw Im-W-s∏-Sp∂p. I-dpØ \n-d-ap-≈-h-cp-sS Xz-°nse F-∏n-sU¿-an-kv h¿-Æ-km-{µ-X-tbdn-b
sa-em-\n≥ IqSn-b A-f-hn¬ D¬-∏m-Zn-∏n-°p∂p. D-jv-W-ta-J-em-{]-tZ-i-
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
-36ß-fn-em-Wv I-dp-Ø Xz-°p-≈hsc Iq-Sp-X-em-bn I-≠p-h-cp-∂-Xv.
kz-bw tcm-K-{]Xn-tcm-[-ti-jn-bp-≈ H-cp kw-hn-[m-\-am-Wv Xz°v.
G-Xm-≠v 20 _n-ey¨, A-Xm-b-Xv 2000 tIm-Sn T˛tIm-i-߃ Xz-°n¬
Im-W-s∏-Sp∂p. c-‡-Øn-ep-≈-Xn-t\-°mƒ H-cp-]m-Sv Iq-Sp-X-em-WnXv. Xz°n-s‚ tcm-K-{]Xn-tcm-[-ti-jn-bp-sS B-hiyhpw {]m-[m-\y-hp-w Iq-Sp-X-em-sW-∂m-Wv CXv kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. ]p-dw tem-I-hp-am-bn \nckz-bw tcm-K-{]Xn-tcm-[¥-c k-º¿-°-Øn-te¿-s∏-Sp-∂ im-cocn-I kwti-jn-bp-≈ H-cp kw-hnhn-[m-\hpw Xz°m-Wt- √m. AXp sIm≠mhmw
C{X-b-[nIw ‰n˛ tImi-߃ Xz°n¬ kwc[m-\-am-Wv Xz°v. G-Xm£n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
≠v 20 _n-ey¨ T˛tIm-
i-߃ Xz-°n¬ Im-WHmtcm kv-]¿-i-\m-\p-`hhpw X-e-t®m-dv
s∏-Sp∂p. c-‡Ø
- n-ep-≈th¿-Xn-cn-®d
- n-bp∂-Xv ap-∂\
- p--`h-ßf
- p-am-bn Xmc-Xayw sN-bv-Xn-´mWv. H-cp kv-]¿-i-\m-\p-`hw
Xn-t\-°mƒ H-cp-]m-Sv Iqcm-k-L-S-I-am-bn kq-£n-°s∏Sp-Ibpw hn-hcSp-Xe
- m-WnXv.
t{km-X- n-te-°v ( Database ) tN¿-°-s∏-SpIbpw sN-øp∂p. AXn-t\m-Sv km-ay-ap-≈ as‰m-cp A-\p--`-h-ap-≠m-hp-tºmƒ Cu hn-hct{kmX- v D-]-tbm-Kn-®v i-co-cw A-Xn-s\ Xncn-®-dn-bp∂p. hn-hc-t{km-X- n-s‚ {I-am-\p-_-≤am-b A-Sp-°-epw hnhcw ti-Jc
- n-°m-\p-≈ th-KX
- b
- p-am-Wv H-cm-fn-s‚ _p-≤n-km-a¿-∞yw, _p≤nssh-`-hw F∂n-hsb \n›-bn°p-∂Xv. H-cp km-[m-c-W hy-‡n-°v kml-N-cy-Øn-\-\p-kr-X-am-bn X-e-t®-m-dn¬ \n-∂v hn-hc-t{km-X- n¬ {]th-in-°m\pw hn-h-c-߃ F-Sp-°m\pw km-[n-°pw. tU-‰m-t_-kn¬ \ns∂-Sp-°p-∂ hn-h-c-߃ ]pXn-b hn-h-c-ß-fp-am-bn HØp-t\m-°m\p-≈
I-gn-hpw km-[m-c-W-ti-jn-bp-≈ Hcp hy-‡n-°v D-≠m-bn-cn-°pw. Cßs\
hnhcw ssIImcyw sNøm-\p≈ {]-h¿-Ø-\-th-K-X Hcm-fp-sS _p≤n-
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
-37ssh--`h-sØ kq-Nn-∏n-°p∂p. hn-hc-t{km-X- n-s\ D-]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ ]‰mØ-htcm ti-jn Ip-d™-htcm B-b B-fp-I-sf-bm-Wv ssh-I-ey-ap≈h¿, hn--`n-∂-ti-jn-°m¿ F-∂v hn-fn-°p-∂Xv. ti-J-cn-°-s∏-´ hn-h-cßfpw ]p-Xn-b-h-bp-am-bn H-Øp-t\m-°m-\p-≈ I-gn-hpw C-h-cn¬ Ipd-thm
A-{]-Xy-£tam B-bn-cn-°pw.
ico-cw ImWp∂ Ah-ÿI
- sf IÆpw, tIƒ°p∂ kv]µ-\ß
- sf
sNhnbpw, K‘-ßsf aq°pw, Adn-bp∂ cpNn-Isf \mhpw Xe-t®mdnte°v Ab®v imco-cn-Im-\p-`-h-߃°v hy‡X \¬Ip-∂p. Ch
icn°pw ico-c-Øns‚ hmXm-b-\-ß-fm-bn h¿Øn-°p-∂p. a\p-jy-i-coc-sØbpw AXns‚ {]h¿Ø-\ß
- s
- fbpw a\- n-em-°p-∂X
- n\v Cu C{µnbm\p-`-h-ß-sfbpw a\- n-em-t°-≠Xv AXym-h-iy-am-Wv.
kv]¿i\w F∂ Hcp C{µn-bm-\p-`-hsØ am{X-amWv \mw ChnsS
hni-Z-ambn N¿® sNbvX-Xv, sshI-ey-\n-hm-cW imkv{Xw F∂ {KŸØn¬ a‰v C{µn-b-ß-fmb IÆv, aq°v, \m°v, sNhn F∂n-h-bpsS A\p`-hsØ hni-I-e\w sNøp-∂p-≠v. a‰v ]pkvX-I-ß-fntem imkv{X-{KŸ-ß-fntem e`y-amb hnh-c-ß-sf°p-dn®v A[n-I-amb hnh-cWw \SØp-∂Xv {KŸ-Øns‚ hep∏w h¿≤n-∏n-°p-sa-∂X
- n-\m¬ Bh-iy-ap≈h
am{X-amWv ChnsS \mw ]Tn-°p-∂-Xv.
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
8
B-fl_
- ‘
- Ø
- n-s‚ hn-Im-kw
{-`q-Wm-h-ÿ-bn¬ B-Zyw hn-I-kn-°-s∏-Sp∂-Xv kv-]¿-i-\-ti-jnbmWv. G-Xm-≠v 8 B-gv-N-Iƒ I-gn-bp-∂-tXm-sS I-hnƒ, Np-≠v F-∂n-hnS-ß-fn¬ kv-]¿-i-\-ti-jn ssI-h-cp-∂p. 14 B-gv-N-Iƒ-°v ti-jw Ip´nbpsS a-‰v A-h-b-h-ßfpw kv-]¿-i-\-tØm-Sv {]-Xn-I-cn-°p∂p. ssi-i-h-Zi-bn¬ Ip-´n temI-sØ A-dn-bp-∂Xpw A-\p--`h
- ß
- ƒ B¿-÷n-°p-∂Xpw
{]-[m-\a
- mbpw kv]
- ¿i-\w D-]t- bm-Kn-®mWv. a-‰p-≈h
- c
- p-am-bn _-‘w ÿm]n-°p-∂Xv kv-]¿-i-\-Øn-s‚ Xo-{hX-sb a-\- n-em-°n-bm-Wv.
]T-\-߃ sXfn-bn-°p∂ Hcp Imcyw, B-tcm-Ky-I-chpw kv-t\-l]q¿-Æ-hpam-b kv-]¿-i-\-Øn-\v Ip-´n-bp-sS B-tcmKyw sa-®-s∏-Sp-Øm≥
km-[n-°p-sa∂mWv. hm¬k-ey ]q¿-Æam-b kv-]¿-i-\-Øn-s‚ A--`m-hw
Hcmsf \n-cm-i, a-dhn, A-{Iahmk\, tcm-Kw ap-X-em-b-h-bn-te-°v \-bn°p-sa∂pw ]T-\-߃ hy‡-am-°p-∂p. kv-]¿i-\w F-∂ Xm-c-X-tay-\
{]m-[m-\yhpw sNehpw Ip-d-™ H-∂n-\v C-{X kzm-[o-\w sN-ep-Øm≥
I-gnbp∂-Xv A-Xn-i-b-I-cam-b H-cp kw-K-Xn-bmWv.
am-Xr inip _-‘-Ønse kv-]¿i-\w B-fl-_-‘-kn-≤m-Øns‚
-39(Attachment Theory)
D-Zm-l-c-W-am-bn Im-Wn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv. am-Xm-]n-Xm°fpw Ip-´nbpw X-Ωn-ep-≈ _‘w Du-´n-bp-d-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ kv-]¿-i-\Øn\pw ]-¶p-≠v F∂v Cu kn-≤m-¥-{]-Im-cw k-a¿-∞n-°mw. Ip-´n-sb
am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ A-h-K-Wn-°p-Itbm hm’eycmlnXyw {]I-Sn-∏n°pItbm sN-bv-Xm¬ A-h¿ X-Ωn¬ ssh-Im-cn-Iam-b H-cp A-I¬-® D-≠mhm≥ km-[y-X-tb-sd-bmWv.
Ip-´n-bv-°v B-h-iyam-b coXn-bn-ep-≈ hm-’e
- y-{]-IS- \
- ß
- ƒ
kv-]¿-i-\-ambpw A√m-sXbpw Ah-\n-se-Øp∂-Xv B _-‘-Øns‚ ssh-Im-cn-I-X-bv-°v aq¿-® Iq´m≥ k-lm-bI
- a
- mWv. hm’-ey cmlnXyw Ah\n¬ t_m- [ - ] q¿∆tam A√msXtbm D-≈ A-k¥p-„nbpw A-kw-Xr-]v-Xnbpw kr„n-°p∂p. _‘ß-fp-sS ssh-Imcn-IX-ew hn-izm-k-Ønepw k-t¥m-j-Ønepw A-[n-jvTn-X-am-W-t√m. hf-cp-t¥mdpw Cu A-h-ÿ Ip-´n-bn¬ _-‘-߃ ÿm-]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-≈
ti-jn-°pd-hv kr-„n-°p∂p. km-aq-ly _-‘-ß-sfbpw ssh-Imcn-I _‘-ß-sfbpw ÿm-]n-°m-\p-≈ ti-jn-bn√mbv-a A-h-\n¬ i‡am-b Akw-Xr-]v-Xnbpw am-\kn-I k-Ω¿-±hpw kr-„n-°p-∂p. H-cph-s‚ km-aqly _-‘ß-sf t]mepw kzm-[o-\n°pw hn-[w {]m[m-\y-ta-dn-bXm-Wv
kv-]¿i-\w F∂v C-Xn¬ \n-∂p hy-‡-am-Wv.
H-cph-s‚ km-aq-ly
_-‘ß-sf t]mepw
kzm-[o-\n°pw hn-[w
{]m[m-\y-ta-dn-bXm-Wv
kv]
- ¿i-\w
Cu kn≤m- ¥ - Ø ns‚ ASn- ÿ m- \ - Ø n¬ sshI- e y- ß sf
hniIe\w sNbvXv Kth-j-W-ßfpw ]T-\-ßfpw \S-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xns‚
shfn-®-Øn-emWv ChnsS {]kvXpX kn≤m¥w ]T-\-hn-j-b-am-°n-bn´p-≈-Xv.
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
9
ssh-Ie
- y-߃-°p ]n-∂n¬-˛
imkv{Xob hni-Ie
- \w
im-cocn-I h-f¿-®b
- v°pw {]m-bØ
- n\pw A-\p-kr-Xa
- m-b I¿-Ωß
- ƒ
A-\p-jvTn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-≈ H-cp hy-‡n-bpsS ti-jn-°pd-hv AY-hm tijn-bn√m-bva
- s
- b-bm-Wv hn--`n-∂t- i-jn F∂-Xp sIm-≠v A¿-∞a
- m-°p-∂Xv.
im-co-cn-Ihpw am-\-kn-Ihpw ssh-Im-cn-Ihpw km-aq-ln-I-hpamb ssh-Iey-߃ \-ap-°v Im-Wm≥ km-[n-°pw F-¶nepw im-cocn-I am-\knI
ssh-I-ey-ß-fm-Wv Nn-In-’-I¿-°v s]m-Xp-sh t\-cn-tS-≠n h-cm-dp≈Xv.
ssh-Zy-im-kv{Xw Ch-sb tcm-K-ß-fm-bn ]-cn-K-Wn-°m-dn√, a-dn-®v A-]cn-lm-cy-am-b im-cocn-I am-\knI A-h-ÿ-I-fp-sS K-W-Øn-em-Wv Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv. am-‰-ap-≠m-°m-\m-hm-Ø-sX-∂v ssh-Zy-im-kv{Xw
hn-iz-kn-°p-∂ Cu A-h-ÿ-Iƒ kw-hm-Z-hn-jb-am-Ip-tºmƒ H-c-n-°epw
]-c-º-cm-K-Xam-b \n-K-a-\-ßfpw hn-izm-k-ßfpw am-‰m-dp-an√. A-Xp sIm≠p X-s∂ ssh-I-ey-Nn-In-’-bn¬ hen-b sa-®-sam∂pw A-h-Im-i-s∏--
-41Sm-\n√m-Ø Nn-e ]-g-b ap-d-Iƒ am-{X-am-Wv Im-Wm-≥ km-[n-°pI. Cu
A-h-ÿ-I-fp-sS Imc-Ww F-¥m-sW-∂v Ir-Xy-am-bn A-]-{K-Yn-°m≥
sshZy-im-kv-{X-Øn-\v km-[n-®n-´p-an√.
sshI-ey-ap≈ hy‡n-Isf ]cn-io-en-∏n-°pI F∂-Xn-\-∏pdw
sshI-eym-h-ÿ-bn¬ \n∂v tamN\w \¬IpI F∂ ZpjvI-camb
ZuXyw Ct∂ hsc B[p-\nI sshZy-imkv{Xw Gs‰-Sp-Øn-´n-√. AXp
sIm≠p Xs∂ Kth-j-W-ß-fpsS FÆhpw Xmc-X-tay\ Ipd-hm-Wv.
K¿-`m\-¥-c-Im-e-Øv Ip-´n-bpsS im-cocn-I am-\kn-I L-S-\-bn-ep≠m-hp-∂ ]m-fn-®-I-sfbpw t]m-cm-bv-a-I-sfbpw ssh-I-ey-Øn-\p \n-Zm-\am-bn B-[p\nI ssh-Zy-im-kv-{Xw ]-cn-K-Wn-°p∂p. \n-ch-[n Im-c-W-ßfn¬ H-∂p am-{Xam-b Cu Im-eL-´w ]cn-tim-[n-°p-Ibpw A-Xn¬ At\j-Ww A-h-km-\n-∏n-°p-I-bpw sN-øp∂ ssh-Zy-im-kv-{X ]-co-£-W߃ B imkv{XØn-s‚ ]-cn-an-Xn-sb hn-fn-t®m-Xp∂p. sshI-ey Nn-In’ t\-cn-Sp-∂ G-‰hpw hen-b sh√p-hn-fnbpw A-Xp X-s∂-bm-Wv. {]kh-]q¿∆ ( Pre-partum), {]k-hm-\-¥c ( Post Partum) Ime-L-´-߃
Xpey-{]m-[m\yap-≈h
- b
- m-Wv, Chbpw sshI-ey-ßfpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w
]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ AXv a\- n-em-Ipw.
ssh-I-ey-ß-fp-sS Im-c-Wß-sf hy-‡-am-bn a-\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\v a-\p-jy-i-co-cw F-∂ k-¶o¿-Æamb -kw-hn-[m\-sØ a-\- n-em-°n-bncn-t°≠-Xv A-Xym-h-iy-am-Wv. A-Xn-s‚ B-Zy]-Sn a-\p-jy-P-\\-sØ imkv-{Xo-b-am-bn a-\- n-em°p-I F-∂-XmWv. {]]-©-Ønse G‰hpw
henb ]cn-Wm-a-{]-{In-b-bmWv a\p-jy-P-\-\w, AWp-hn-kvt^m-S-\sØ-°mfpw hepXv F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv AXn-i-tbm-‡n-b-√. G‰hpw
AXn-ib
- I
- c
- a
- mb Cu cmk-{]-{In-b°v {]IrXn tIm∏p-Iq-´n-bX
- v a\pjys‚ DZ-c-Øn-em-Wv F-∂-Xm-Wv c-k-I-cam-b h-kvXpX. ]pcp-j\pw
kv{Xobpw XΩn-ep-≠m-hp∂ imco-cnI _‘-amWv Cu ]cn-Wm-aØ
- n\v
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
-42hgn-sbm-cp-°p-∂Xv, P\n-°p∂ Ip´nbv°v ]pcp-j≥ ]nXmhpw kv{Xo
amXm-hp-am-Ip-∂p.
GXv cmk-{]-{In-b°pw AXnse LS-I-߃ \n›nX tbmKy-XIƒ ]men-t°-≠Xp t]mse, P\-\w F-∂ k-¶o¿-Æcm-k-{]-h¿-Ø-\Øn-\v X-øm-sd-Sp-°p-∂ ]-¶m-fnIfpw GXm\pw Nne tbmKy-X-Iƒ t\Snbn-cn-t°-≠Xv Ah-iy-am-Wv. B tbm-KyX-Iƒ cm-k-L-S-\m-]-c-am-bXpw ssh-Imcn-I-am-bXpw H-s°-bm-Wv.
a\p-jy-ic
- ocw At\-Im-bncw cmkL-SI
- ß
- f
- m¬ kºp-jvSa
- mb Hcp kmt¶Xn-I- kw-hn[m\-am-Wv. cmk-aq-e-I-߃
( Chemicals ), kwbp‡-߃( Molecules/
Compounds ), [mXp- ° ƒ ( Minerals ),
A∂-Pw( Carbohydrates), teml-߃(
Metals) apX-emb \nc-h[n ]Zm¿∞-ßfmWv Hcp a\p-jy-i-co-c-Øns‚ tNcp-hIƒ. Cu ]-Zm¿-∞-ß-fp-sS {Iam-\p-_≤hpw IrXy-hp-amb hnX-cWw ico-cØns‚ icn-bmb LS-\bpw {]h¿Ø\hpw Dd∏p hcp-Øp-∂p. Hmtcm cmk-]Zm¿∞hpw H∂n-t\m-sSm∂v F∂ {IaØn¬ tbmPn-∏n-®-XmWv ico-c-Øns‚
cmk-LS- \
- . A-Øc
- Ø
- n¬ hy-Xy-kX
v- h
- pw
X-\-Xp-kz--`m-hw ]p-e¿-Øp-∂-Xpam-b At\-Iw ]-Zm¿-∞-ß-fmWv Hmtcm i-co-cØnepw D- ≠ m- h pI. Hmtcm ]Zm¿YsØbpw ‘1’ F∂v hnfn-°mw, ‘1’ a-s‰m∂n¬ \n∂vv hy-Xy-kv-X-amWv, tbm-Pn-∏n-
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
{]]-©Ø
- nse G‰hpw
henb ]cn-Wm-a-{]-{In-bbmWv a\p-jy-P-\-\w,
AWp-hn-kvt^m-S\
- s
- Ø°mfpw hepXv F∂p
]d-bp-∂Xv AXn-i-tbm‡n-b-√. G‰hpw AXn-ib-I-c-amb Cu cmk-{]-{Inb°v {]IrXn tIm∏p-Iq-´nb-Xv a\p-jys‚ DZ-c-Ønem-Wv F-∂-Xm-Wv c-k-Icam-b h-kvXpX. ]pcpj\pw kv{Xobpw XΩn-ep≠m-hp∂ imco-cnI
_‘-amWv Cu ]cn-Wm-aØn\v hgn-sbm-cp-°p-∂Xv.
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
-43°-s∏-Sp∂ ‘1+1’ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv hyXy-kvX-amb as‰mcp ]Zm¿∞sØ-bm-Wv. Xp-S¿-∂p-≈ kw-tbm-P-\-߃ A-t\-Iw hy-Xy-kv-X-]-Zm¿∞ß-sf kr-„n-°p∂p. A\-¥-amb ]Zm¿∞-kw-tbm-P\w \S-°p∂
AXn-k-¶o¿Æamb cmk-{]-{In-b-bmWv ico-c-Øn¬ \S-°p-∂-Xv. {]-Xy£-Øn¬ I-s≠-Øm-\m-hm-Ø C-h B-¥-cn-I-am-bn im-cocn-I am-\knI \n-b-{¥-Ww \n¿-∆-ln-°p∂p.
]-Zm¿-∞-߃ Hmtcm im-co-cn-I˛ am-\-kn-I˛ ssh-Imcn-I˛ kmaqlnI [¿-Ω-ß-fp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. C-h-bp-sS hn-\ymkw {]kvXp-X [¿-Ω-Øn-\v i-coc-sØ {]m-]v-X-am-°p∂p, H∏w ]-Zm¿-∞-Øns‚ A-e-`y-X [¿-Ω \n¿-∆-l-W-Øn-\v i-coc-sØ A-tbm-Ky-am-°p-∂p.
]Zm¿∞-ßf
- psS hnX-cWw icn-bmb coXnbn-em-sW-¶n¬ Btcm-Ky-ap≈
km[m- c W hy‡nbpw A]m- I - X bp≈XmsW- ¶ n¬ hn- ` n- ∂ - t i- j n°mc\pw krjvSn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.
imco- c nI _‘- Ø n- t e¿s∏Sp∂ kv{Xo]p-cp-j-∑m¿ cmk-L-S-\m]-c-amb tbmKyX \ne-\n¿Øp-∂n-√sb-¶n¬ P\n-°p∂ Ip´n-bnepw AXv
{]I-S-am-Ipw. amXm-]n-Xm-°-fp-sS cmk-L-S-\-bpsS kzm[o\w hfsc hepXm-bXp sIm-≠v AXnse ]mfn-®I
- ƒ
Ip´n-bn¬ henb tXmXn-ep≈ BtcmKy-{]-iv\-ß-fp-≠m-°p∂p.
imco-cnI _‘-Ønte¿s∏-Sp∂ kv{Xo]p-cpj-∑m¿ cmk-LS- \
- m-]c
- amb tbmKyX \ne\n¿Øp-∂n-√s
- b-¶n¬
P\n-°p∂ Ip´n-bnepw
AXv {]I-Sa
- m-Ipw.
sshZyim-kv{X-{K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬
inip- h ns‚ Btcm- K y- I - c - a mb
hf¿®bv°v \nc-h[n Imc-W-߃ hnh-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. A\-h[n Kth-jW-ßfpw Cu taJ-e-bn¬ \S-∂n-´p-≠v. ssi-ih ssh-I-ey-ß-sf-∏-‰n
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
-44\-S-°p-∂ ]T-\-ß-fn¬ cmk-L-S-\m-]-c-amb sshI-ey-ßsf ]cn-K-Wn°p-∂n√ F∂Xv Hcp hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. I-s≠-Øm-\m-hm-ØXpw A-dnbm-\m-hm-ØXpw Xn-c-kv-I-cn°p-I F∂-Xv B-[p\n-I im-kv-{X-ß-fp-sS
c-£m-am¿-§-am-W-t√m.
]n-Xm-hn-s‚ im-cocn-I am-\-kn-I hy-h-lm-c-߃ P-\n-°-s∏-Sm≥
t]m-hp-∂ in-ip-hn¬ kzm-[o-\w sN-ep-Øp-∂-Xv K¿--`m[m\Øn-s‚ L´w h-sc-bm-Wv. AXn\p tijw ]nXm-hns‚ kzm[o\w Ipd-bp-∂p,
XpS¿∂v amXm-hmWv {-`qW-h-f¿®-bnse {][m-\-I-Æn. K¿`m-i-b-Øn-\p≈nse Ip´n-bpsS hf¿® \nb-{¥n-°p-∂Xv s]m°nƒs°mSn F-∂
amXrico-c`-- m-Ka
- m-Wv. Ip´nsb AYhm {`qWsØ
( Foetus ) K¿-`]m-{X-hp-ambn _‘n∏n-°p∂ h≈n-t]m-se-bp≈ -`mKamWv s]m°nƒs°m-Sn ( Umbilical
cord). Imhy-im-kv{X-ß-fn¬ amXrXz-Øn-s‚bpw amXr-hm-’-ey-Øns‚bpw DZm-lc
- W
- a
- mbn kqNn-∏n-°p∂ Cu A- h bhw imkv { X- I m- c ∑m¿°pw Gsd {]nb-s∏-´-Xm-Wv.
amXm-hn¬ \n∂pw K¿-`m-h-ÿ-bnep≈ in-ip B-h-iy-߃ \n-d-th‰p∂Xvv Cu Ah-bhw hgn-bm-Wv.
am\-knI imco-cnI sshIm-cnI
Xe-ß-fnse Ip´n-bpsS hnIm-kØn\m-h-iy-amb ]Zm¿∞-߃ e`n- ° p- ∂ Xpw CtX _‘- Ø n¬
\n∂m-Wv. s]m-°nƒ-s°m-Sn h-gn am{Xw e--`n-°p-∂ ]-Zm¿-∞-ß-fm-Wv {`qW-sØ K¿--`m-h-ÿ-bn¬ kw-c-£n-°p-∂Xv.
{`qWsØ K¿-`]m-{X-hpambn _‘n-∏n-°p∂
h≈n-t]m-se-bp≈ `- mKamWv s]m°nƒs°m-Sn.
amXm-hns‚ am\-kn-I-˛-im-co-cn-I˛sshIm-cnI Ah-ÿ-Iƒ Cu
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
-45]Zm¿Y-hn-Xc
- W
- sØ kzm[o-\n-°p-∂p. K¿-`m-hÿ
- b
- n¬ Ip´nsb t\cn´p
_m[n-°p∂ H∂mWv amXm-hns‚ sshIm-cnI kΩ¿±-߃. amXm-hns‚ a-\- n¬ D-S-se-Sp-°p∂ {]Xn-Iqe hnIm-c-߃ Ip-´n-bpsS hf¿®sbbpw hnIm-kØ
- n-\m-hi
- y-amb aqe-Iß
- f
- psS hnX-cW
- s
- Øbpw tZmjI-ca
- mbn _m[n-°p-∂p. Ign-°p∂ acp-∂p-Iƒ, B-lmcw F∂nh t]mse
Xs∂ Ah-cpsS Nn¥m-{]-{In-b-bv °pw( Thought process ) sshIm-cnI
kwL¿j-߃°pw Ip-´n-bp-sS h-f¿-®-bn¬ hen-b ]-¶m-Wp-≈-Xv.
a-\p-jys‚ sshIm-cnI {]{In-bI
- ƒ H-c¿-∞Ø
- n¬ bm{¥n-Ia
- mWv,
Hm-tcm∂pw A-Xn\\p-kr-X-am-b cm-k-L-S-I-߃ AYhm tlm¿tam-WpIƒ ( Hormones ) krjvSn-°p-∂p. Nn-cn-°p-tºm-gpw, I-c-bp-tºmgpw Nn¥n-°p-tºmgpw A-\pkrX tlm¿-tam-Wp-Iƒ kr-„n-°-s∏-Sp∂p. Hmtcm
hnIm- c - Ø n\pw A\p- ] q- c - I - a mb tlm¿tam- W p- I - f m- W p- ≈ - X v , Cu
tlm¿tam-Wp-Iƒ ico-cØ
- n¬ Ah-bpsS kz-`m-hØ
- n-\\
- p-kc
- n-®p≈ am‰ßƒ krjvSn-°p-∂p. \√Xpw NoØ-bp-amb kzm[o-\-߃ Chbv°v
sNep-Øm-\m-hpw. amXm-hns‚ \√ sshIm-cnI hyh-lm-c-߃ Ip´nsb
\√ coXn-bnepw {]Xn-Iqe hyh-lm-c-߃ tami-ambpw _m[n-°p-∂p.
K¿--`-Im-e-Øv am-Xm-hn-s\ a-\- w-L¿-j-Øn¬ \n-∂v H-gn-hm-°-W-sa-∂v
]-g-a-°m¿ ]-d-bp-∂-Xn-s‚ ]n-∂n-se im-kv-{Xhpw C-Xp X-s∂-bm-hmw.
]-g-b hm-Z-K-Xn-Iƒ F-¥p-am-hs´, a-t\m-hy-h-lm-c-ß-fp-sS kzm-[o-\w
\n-kv-X¿-°am-b H-cp im-kv-{Xo-b h-kvXpXbmWv.
ssh-Imcn-I A-\p--`-hß-sf kzm-[o-\n-°p-∂ Nn-e Im-cy-߃ ]cntim-[n-°mw. K‘-߃-°v ( Smells ) a-‰p ar-K-ß-sf-t∏mse a-\p-jys‚
bpw sshIm-cn-Im-\p-`h-ß-sf am‰n-a-dn-°m≥ km[n-°pw. acp-∂p-Iƒ°v
F{X-kzm-[o-\-apt≠m AXn¬ H´pw Ipd-bmØ kzm[o-\-amWv K‘߃°p-≈-Xv. GXm≠v 17000˛¬ ]cw K‘-ßsf a\p-jys‚ \mknIbv°v Xncn-®-dn-bm-\mhpw F∂v imkv{Xw hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂p. CXn¬ 60
iX-am-\-hpw {]Xn-Iq-em-\p-`h-߃ ( Negative ) krjvSn-°p-∂-h-bm-Wv.
am-Xm-hv A-\p--`-hn-°p-∂ K-‘-߃ A-h-bv-°-\p-kr-X-amb ssh-Imcn-I
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
-46A-\p-`h-ßs
- f-bpw, B A-\p-`h-߃ A-\pkrX tlm¿-tam-Wp-Is
- fbpw
kr-„n-°p∂p. Aß-s\ kr-„n-°-s∏-Sp∂ tlm¿-tam-Wp-Iƒ K¿`-]m{X-Øn-\p-≈nse Ip-´n-bn¬ t\-cn-´v A-h-bp-sS kzm-[o-\w sN-ep-Øp∂p.
A-{X-tØm-fw hn-im-ehpw k-¶o¿-Æ-hp-am-Wv a-\p-jy-P\-\w F-∂ cmk-]-cn-Wmaw.
am-Xm-hns‚ imco-cnI-˛a
- m-\k
- n-I˛- s
- sh-Im-cnI hyXn-bm-\ß
- s
- fbpw
Aÿn-c-XIsfbpw Ip´n Bl-cn-bv°p∂p F∂p thWw Icp-Xm≥.
ImcWw Ah Ip´n-bn¬ LS-\m-]-c-ambn A{XtØmfw henb kzm[o\-amWv sNep-Øp-∂-Xv. \n-ß-sf-¥p I-gn-°p∂p-thm, \n-߃ A-Xm-bnØo-cp∂p, F-∂ ]-gb sNm√p t]m-se Nn-¥-Ifpw am-\kn-I hy-h-lm-cß-fpw Ip-´n-bp-sS cm-k-L-S-\-bn¬ A¤p-Xm-h-l-amb kzm[o\w kr„n-°p∂p.
K¿--`-sØ-°p-dn-®v am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ A-dn-bp∂-Xv Ht∂m ct≠m amk-߃-°p ti-j-amWv, F∂m¬ A-dn-bm-sX t]m-Ip∂ Cu Im-e-L´hpw Ip-´n-bp-sS h-f¿-®-bn¬ {]-[m-\-s∏-´ H-∂mWv. Cu Ime-Øv am-Xmhv A-\p-`hn-°p∂ F√m km-l-N-cy-ßfpw Ip-´n-bn¬ t\-cn-´v {]--`m-hw
kr-„n-°p-∂p, Ip´nbpw amXmhpw XΩn¬ cm-k-L-S-I-ß-fp-sS hy-h-lmcw A-t∏mgpw \-S-°p-∂p-≠v. Cu c-≠v am-k-°me-sØ cm-k-L-S-I-߃-°v Ip-´n-bp-sS A-Snÿm-\ LS-\m h-f¿-®-bn¬ hen-b ]-¶p-≠v. ]-essh-I-ey-ßfpw Cu Im-e-b-f-hn¬ kr-„n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-amWv. Ah-s‚
i-co-cw ({-`qWw) A-Snÿm-\ hn-Im-k-Øn-\p≈ ]-Zm¿-∞ hn-Xc-Ww Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw, A-Xn-\-\p-kr-X-am-bn s]m-°nƒ-s°m-Sn hn-Xc-Ww \-SØp-Ibpw sN-øp∂p. Cu hn-X-c-W-Ønse G-sX-¶nepw hn-[-Øn-ep-≈
A-]m-I-X-Iƒ A-\`-- n-Pm-Xam-b hn-Im-k-Øn-te-°v A-Xm-bXv, ssh-I-eyß-fn-te°pw ssh-cq-]y-ßf
- n-te°pw \-bn-°p∂p. ap≥-]v ]-d™ t]mse
Hmtcm ]-Zm¿-∞-Øn\pw A-X-n-t‚Xm-b [¿-Ω-ß-fp-≠v, A-Xn-s‚ A-`mhw {]-kvXp-X [¿-Ωw \n¿-∆-ln-°p-∂-Xn¬ Ip-´n-sb A-{]m-]v-X-\m-°p∂p.
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
-47im-co-cn-I˛am-\-kn-I˛ km-aq-ly X-e-ß-fn-ep-≈ Hmtcm I¿-Ω-hpw
^-e-{]-Z-ambn A-\p-jvTn-°p-∂-Xn-\v A-Xn-t‚Xm-b ]-Zm¿-∞-߃ i-co-cØn¬ D-≠m-bn-cn-t°≠-Xv A-h-iy-amWv. B ]-Zm¿-∞-Øn-s‚ A--`m-hw
H-cp hy-‡n-sb B [¿-Ωw \n¿-∆-ln-°p-∂-Xn¬ A-tbm-Ky-\m-°p-∂p.
e-fn-X-am-bn ]-d-™m¬, hn-a¿-i-\-_p-≤n hn-I-kn-°-W-sa-¶n¬ A-Xn-\mh-iyam-b ]-Zm¿-∞w H-cm-fn¬ D-≠m-th≠-Xv A-Xym-h-iy-am-Wv. A-Xns‚ A-`m-hw B hy-‡n-sb hn-a¿-i-\-_p-≤n C√m-Ø-h-\m-°p∂p. imcocn-I [¿-Ω-ß-fp-sS ÿn-Xnbpw
CtX t]m-se X-s∂-bm-Wv. am-Xmhn-s‚ a-t\m-hy-h-lm-c-߃ tlm¿tam-Wp-I-fm-bn cq-]-s∏-Sp-sa-∂v t\im-co-cn-I˛am-\k
- n-I˛
c-tØ ]-d™
n-cp-∂t- √m, B tlm¿tam-Wp-Iƒ s\-K-‰o-hv B-sW-¶n¬
km-aq-ly X-eß
- f
- n-epIp-´n-bn¬ {]-Xn-Iq-em-\p-`h
- ß
- ƒ kr≈ Hmtcm I¿-Ωh
- pw
„n-°p-sa-∂v hy-‡-am-Wv.
^-e{- ]-Za
- mbn A-\pjvTn-°p-∂X
- n-\v A-Xnt‚Xm-b ]-Zm¿-∞ß
- ƒ
i-co-cØ
- n¬ D-≠m-bn-cnt°≠-Xv A-hi
- y-amWv.
B ]-Zm¿-∞Ø
- n-s‚
A--`m-hw H-cp hy-‡n-sb
B [¿-Ωw \n¿-∆l
- n°p-∂X
- n¬ A-tbm-Ky\m-°p-∂p.
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
am-Xmhv IS-∂p t]m-Ip-∂ F√m
km-lN-cy-ßfpw A-hb
- v°
- \
- p-kr-Xam-b cm-k-]-Zm¿-Y߃ kr-„n-°p∂p. s]m-°nƒ-s°m-Sn h-gn {-`q-WØn-se-Øp-∂ Cu ]-Zm¿-∞-߃
Ip-´n-bnepw A-h-bp-sS kz--`m-hw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂p. ]-Zm-¿-∞ hn-X-c-WØn- s e Xm- f - ∏ n- g - I - f n- t e- ° m- W v
CØ-cw km-lN
- c
- y-߃ \-bn-°pI.
G-sX-¶n-epw [¿-Ω-hp-am-bn _-‘s∏-´ ]-Zm¿-∞-ß-fp-sS hn-X-c-WØn¬ ]m-fn-®I
- f
- p-≠m-bm¬ B [¿Ω-߃ sN-øp-∂-Xn-\v B-h-iyam-b
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
-48ti-jn Ip-´n-bn¬ A-{]-Xy-£-am-bn-cn-°pw. A-Xv im-co-cn-I-hpw, am-\-knIhpw H-s°-bm-Imw. P∑-\m D≈ ssh-I-ey-߃ CØ-cw km-l-N-cyß-fn-te-°m-Wv hn-c¬ Nq-≠p-∂-Xv. A-Xv k-ab-Øv I-s≠Ømt\m ]-cnl-cn°mt\m B-h-iyam-b km-t¶Xn-I hn-Zy B-[p\n-I im-kv-{X kwhn-[m-\-Øn¬ C√ F∂-Xv H-cp \yq-\-X-bmWv. ]Zm¿∞-hn-X-c-W-Ønse
t]mcm-bva-Iƒ P∑\m D≈tXm hf¿®m-Im-e-L-´-Øn-ep-≈tXm Bb
sshI-ey-ß-fn-te°v \bn-°p-∂p.
am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ A-`nPm-X K¿-`Øn-\v A-tbm-Ky-cm-bn-cp-∂tXm
s]m-°nƒ-s°m-Sn h-gn ]-Zm¿-∞-߃ e--`n-°m-Xn-cp-∂tXm H-s°-bmWv
]e ssh-I-ey-ß-fp-tSbpw Im-c-Ww. B-[m-\ Im-e-tØm, K¿--`-Im-e-bfhntem \-„-s∏´ B ]-Zm¿-∞-߃ F-t∏mƒ F-hn-sS h-®v \-„-s∏-´p
F-∂ a-\- n-em-°m≥ ssh-Zy-im-kv-{X-Øn¬ t]mw-h-gn-I-sfm∂pw X-s∂bn√. Aß-s\ I-s≠-Øm≥ km-[n-°mØ-Xv {]-kvXp-X A-h-ÿI-sf
A-]-cn-lm-cy-am-°n am-‰n F-∂p th-Ww I-cp-Xm≥.
tcm-K-ß-fn¬ \n-∂v ssh-I-ey-߃ Fß-s\ hy-Xym-k-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p F-∂p t\m-°mw. G-Xp tcm-K-\n-hm-c-W-Øn\pw c-≠p L-´-ß-fp≠v,
tcm-Kw I-s≠-Øepw Nn-In-’-bp-amW-h. H-cp tcm-Kw Nn-In-’n-®v t-`-Zam-°p-∂-Xn-\v A-Xn-s‚ Im-c-W-߃ a-\- n-em-°n-bn-cn-t°-≠Xpw AXym-h-iy-amWv. i-co-c-im-kv-{X-Im-c-∑m¿ tcmK-sØ im-cocn-I e-£-W߃ D-]-tbm-Kn-®m-Wv a-\- n-em-°p-∂Xv. tcm-Kw h¿-≤n-°m≥ C-S-bmIp-∂ km-l-N-cy-߃ H-gn-hm-°m\pw A-Xv k-lm-bn-°pw. D-Zm-l-c-WØn-\v ]-\n h-∂m¬ a-\- n-em-°m≥ A-Xn-s‚ e-£-W-ß-fp≠v, ]-\n
h¿-≤n-°p-∂ km-l-N-cy-ß-sf∏-‰n Nn-In-’-I¿ t_m-[-hm-∑m-cp-amWv. At∏mƒ H-cp tcm-Kn-sb Nn-In-’n-°m-\pw, tcm-Kw h¿-≤n-°m≥ C-S-bm-°p∂ km-l-N-cy-ß-fn¬ \n-∂v am-‰n \n-dp-Øp-hm\pw km-[n-°pw. H∂mw
L-´-Øn-se hnP-bw c≠mw L´-sØ F-fp-∏-am-°p∂p. tcm-K-\n¿Æ-bw
X-s∂-bm-Wv Nn-In-’-bp-sS Im-X¬ F-∂p ]-d-™mepw sX-‰n√. sshI-eyß-sf kw-_-‘n-®n-S-tØm-fw ssh-Zy-im-kv{Xw ]-cm-P-b-s∏-Sp∂-
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
-49Xv B-Zy-L-´-Øn-emWv. B ]ng-hv c≠mw L´w, A-Xmb-Xv Nn-In’sb A-km-[y-am-°p-∂p. Im-c-W-߃ I-s≠-ØmsX, A-\pIq-e {]XnIq-e km-l-N-cy-߃ a-\- n-em-°m-sX F-ß-s\-bm-Wv Nn-In’n°pI?
A-t\-Iw K-th-jW
- ß
- ƒ \-S∂
- n´pw ssh-Ie
- y-ßf
- p-sS Im-cW
- ß
- ƒ
I-s≠-Øm≥ B-[p\nI ssh-Zy-im-kv-{X-Øn-\v km-[n-®n-´n√ F∂-Xv Hcp t]m-cm-bv-a-bmWv. A-Xp sIm-≠p X-s∂-bm-Wv B-[p\nI ssh-Zy-imkv-{X-Øn-\v DØ-cw I-s≠-Øm-\m-hm-Ø k-a-ky-bmbn, A-]-cn-lm-cyamb H-cp ÿn-Xn-hn-ti-j-am-bn ssh-I-ey-ßfpw ssh-cq-]y-ßfqw \n-e-\n¬°p-∂-Xv. Imc-Ww \n¿-Æ-bn-°m≥ km-[n-°m-Øn-S-tØm-fw A-tX A-hÿ Xp-S-cp-sa-∂v D-d-∏m-Wv. I-gn-™p t]m-b H-∂n-s\ hy-‡-am-bn ]Tn°m≥ ssh-Zy-im-kv-{X-Øn-s‚ C-t∂ h-sc-bp-≈ km-t¶-Xn-I-X A-]-cym]vv-X-amWv, ssh-I-ey-ß-fp-sS Im-cy-Øn¬ hn-e-ßp-X-Sn-bm-bn \n¬-°p∂Xpw A-Xv X-s∂-bmWv.
ln-t∏m-{Im-‰-kn-s‚ A-tem-∏-X-n-bp-sS ]g°w BC 460 h-sc-bmsW-∂v K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-sh-¶nepw B im-kv{Xw C∂pw ssi-i-h-Z-ibn-emWv. B-[p\nI ssh-Zy-im-kv{- X-Ønepw i-co-ci
- m-kv{- X-Ønepw sshI-ey-ß-sf ]-cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]-cym-]v-X-am-b kw-hn-[m-\-ß-fp-sS A`m-hw Ah-sb A-]q¿-Æ-am-°p∂p. ]p-Ø≥ I-s≠-Ø-ep-Ifpw ]-g-b Is≠-Ø-ep-I-fp-sS s]m-fn-s®-gp-Øp-Ifpw A-\p-Zn-\w kw-`-hn-°p-∂-Xv B
im-kv-{X kw-hn-[m-\-Øn-s‚ A-]q¿-Æ-X-bv-°v a-s‰m-cp-Zm-l-cWw. sshI-ey-ß-fp-am-bn _-‘-s∏´pw ]p-Ø≥ I-s≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ kw-`-hn-°p-∂psh-¶nepw A-h-sbm∂pw sshI-ey \n¿-Ωm¿-÷-\-Øn-\v ]-cym-]v-Xa√
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
DISABILITY ELIMINATION SCIENCE
sshI-ey \nhmc-W im-kv{Xw
DISABILITY ELIMINATION SCIENCE
AYhm sshI-ey \nhmcW im-kv{Xw ssh-I-ey-ß-sf I-s≠-Øn ]-cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xp-am-bn _-‘s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. ln-t∏m-{Im-‰-kn-s‚ ssh-Zy-im-kv-{X-Øn¬ \n-∂p hn--`n∂-am-bn ssh-I-eyß-sf I-s≠Øn, C-g-Io-dn ]cn-tim-[n-®v A-]-{KY\w \S-Øn Im-c-W-߃ a-\- n-em-°m≥ DES-\v km-[n-°p∂p. G-sXms° ]-Zm¿-∞-߃ F-{X-b-f-hn¬ \-„-s∏-´p F-∂v Ir-Xy-am-bn I-s≠Øm≥ DES-\v I-gn-bpw. \-„-s∏-´ ]-Zm¿-∞ß-sf hn-P-b-I-c-am-bn ]p\:ÿm-]n-°m\pw A-Xph-gn ssh-Ie
- yß-sf ]-cn-lc
- n-°m\pw km-[n-°pw.
]-Zm¿v-∞-irw-J-e-bp-sS ]p-\-ÿm]-\w \-„am-b ti-jn-Iƒ ssI-h-cn°p-∂-Xn-\v ssh-I-ey-Øn-s‚ Cc-sb {]m-]v-X-am-°p∂p. DISABILITY
MANAGEMENT ADMINISTRATION PROCESS F-∂ \q-X-\ km-t¶Xn-I
hn-Zy D-]-tbm-Kn-®v ]-Zm¿-∞-irw-J-e-bn-se t]m-cm-bv-a-Iƒ ]-cn-l-cn-°m≥
A-\m-bm-kw km-[n-°p∂p. ]-Zm¿-∞h
- n-\ym-kw i-cnbm-b co-Xn-bn¬ ÿm]n-°-s∏-´p I-gn-™m¬ ssh-I-ey-߃ hn-kv-ar-Xn-bn-em-hpw. DES F-∂
im-kv-{X-im-J-bv-°v K¿--` ˛ K¿v-`- m\-¥-c Im-e-L-´-ß-fn-se hn-hn-[X-cw
t]m-cm-bv-a-Iƒ I-s≠-Øn ]-cn-l-cn-°m≥ km-[n-°pw.
ssh-I-eyß-sf ]-cn-]q¿-Æ-ambpw ]-cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn-em-Wv DES
-51C-t∏mƒ {]-[m-\-{i≤ sIm-Sp-°p-∂-sX-¶nepw a‰v A-h-ÿ-I-fnepw kao-]-`m-hn-bn¬ ]-co-£n-°-s∏-Smw. -`m-hn X-e-ap-d-bn¬ \n∂pw ssh-Iey˛ssh-cq-]yß-sf th-tcm-sS \o-°w sN-øm-\m-Ip-sa-∂v {]-Xym-in-°mw.
Imc-W-ßsf a\- n-em-°nbp sIm≠p am{Xw sshI-ey-߃ ]cnl-cn-°m-\m-hn-√t- √m. AXn-\m-hi
- y-amb
kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zybpw kmt¶-Xn-I-Xbpw
Ds≠-¶n¬ am{X-amWv B Adn-hn\v
{]k-‡n. Adn-hns\ D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØ-Ws
- a-¶nepw kmt¶-Xn-Ia
- mb kuIcy-߃ D≠m-th-≠Xv AXym-h-iy-amF≥tUm-ss{I≥
Wv. AXn\v Fs¥m-s°-bmWv th≠sX∂v H∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.
hyh-ÿb
- nse
\yqtdm sIan-°¬
sshI-ey-߃°p {][m-\a
- mbpw
c≠v Ah-ÿ-I-fnse \yq\-X-I-fmWv
hnX-cW
- Ø
- n-ep-≠mImc-W-am-hp-∂-Xv. K¿`m-h-ÿ-bnepw
Ip∂ A]m-IX
- I
- {]k-h-ti-j-hp-ap≈ Cu Imc-W-߃
fmWv {][m-\a
- mbpw
F≥tUm- s s{I≥ hyh- ÿ - b p- a mbn
_‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. F≥tUm-ss{I≥
sshI-ey-߃°v
hyh-ÿb
- nse \yqtdm sIan-°¬ hnXImc-Wa
- m-Ip-∂X
- v.
c-WØ
- n-ep-≠m-Ip∂ A]m-IX
- I
- f
- mWv
{][m-\-ambpw sshI-ey-߃°v ImcW-am-Ip-∂-Xv. {]k-h-Øn\p apºpw
tijhpw Cu Ahÿ D≠m-Imw.
t\cnb hyXym-k-ßfpw \yq\X-Ifpw
imco-cn-Itam am\-kn-Itam As√-¶n¬
c≠pw IqSn-t®¿∂tXm Bb henb
sshI-eym-hÿ
- I
- f
- n-te-°mWv \bn-°pI. CXv ]cn-l-cn-°-W-sa-¶n¬ BZyw \jvS-s∏-´tXm e`n-°msX
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
-52t]mbtXm Bb \yqtdm sIan-°-ep-Iƒ ]p\-ÿm-]n-°-Ww. Cu ]p\ÿm-]n-°¬ ]d-bm-s\-fp-∏-am-sW-¶nepw A{X A\m-bm-k-amb Hcp
{]{Inb A√. krjvSn-bn¬ D≠m-Ip∂ ]mfn-®-Isf, A]m-I-X-I-sf,
t]mcm-bva-Isf ]cn-l-cn-°pI F∂ `Ko-c-Y-b-Xv\a-- mWv ChnsS Hcp
imkv{X-⁄≥ sNtø≠n hcp-∂-Xv.
B\p-Im-enI imkv{X-im-J-I-fn-sem∂pw Xs∂ CXn-\p-X-Ip∂
Hcp kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zybpw I≠p-]n-Sn-®n-´n-√. F∂m¬ _n kn A©mw
\q‰m-≠n\p apºv temI-Øv, hninjym `mc-X-Øn¬ CXp km[y-amb
kmt¶-Xn-IX \ne \n∂n-cp-∂p. F≥tUm-ss{I≥, AYhm A¥-{kmh
{KŸn hyhÿ Ip‰-a-‰-Xm-°m≥ A°meØv imkv{Xob ]cn-lmc
am¿§-߃ D≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂Xv AXn-i-b-I-c-am-bn-tØm-∂mw. IWmZal¿jn-bpsS IWm-Z-kn-≤m-¥hpw Iiy-]al¿jn-bpsS sshti-jnI
kn≤m¥hpw CXns‚ kmt¶-XnI kwhn-[m-\-ß-sf-∏‰n hni-Z-ambn
]cm-a¿in°p-∂p.
]Zm¿∞ hnX-cWw ]p\-ÿm-]n-°m≥ F≥tUm-ss{I≥ hyhÿsb k÷-am-°p∂ kmt¶-Xn-I-amb kml-Ncyw ]p\-kr-jvSn®p
am{Xta sshIey \nhm-cW{]{Inb ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°m≥ km[n-°q. P\\-Øn\p apºpw tij-hp-ap≈ Ah-ÿ-I-fnse ]Zm¿∞-\jvSw a\- nem-°n, GXv Aÿ-bn-emtWm \jvS-ap-≠m-bXv AXn\-\p-tbm-Py-amb
kml-Ncyw ]p\-kr-jvSn®p sIm≠mWv sshI-ey-ßsf ]cn-l-cn-°m\p≈ {]{Inb sNtø- ≠ - X v . CXv K¿`- ] m- { X- Ø n\p Xpey- a mbn
{]h¿Øn®v \jvSs∏-´tXm tem]w h∂tXm Bb ]Zm¿∞-ßsf ]p\ÿm-]n®v sshI-ey-ßsf ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂p.
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
10
sshIey \nhm-cW imkv{X-Øns‚
s]mcpƒ
Cu A[ym-b-Øn¬ \mw N¿® sNøp-∂Xv sshIey \nhm-cW
imkv{X-Øn¬ F¥v kw`-hn-°p∂p F∂-Xm-Wv. CXp hsc-bp≈ Kthj-W-ßfpw ]co-£-W-ßfpw \¬Inb Adn-hp-Iƒ G‰hpw Npcp-ßnb
hm°p-I-fn¬ ChnsS {]kvXm-hn-°p-∂p.
GsXmcp sshI-ey-Øn\pw ASn-ÿm-\-ImcWw kw`-hn°p-∂Xv
amXm-hns‚ DZ-c-Øn¬ sh®m-Wv. hf¿®-bpsS Hmtcm L´-Ønepw K¿`ÿ-in-ip-hn\v Bh-iy-ambn hcp∂ 1962 aqe-Iß
- ƒ/ eh-Wß
- ƒ
- amXmhn¬ \n∂mWvv e`n-t°≠Xv. Cu aqe-Iß
- ƒ Hs°-bpw `qan-bnse [mXp°-fpsS ( Minerals ) hI-t`-Z-ß-fm-Wv. Cu hkvXp-°ƒ [mXp-°fpw
teml-ßfpw eh-W-ß-fp-ambn ]e {]Im-c-Øn¬ AΩbv°v e`n-t°≠-hbmWv.
K¿`m-hÿ
b
- n¬ `qan-bpsS {`a-Wt- h-KØ
- n\p {]Xn-Iq-ea
- mbn, `qanbpsS BI¿j-W-h-e-b-Øns\ {]Xn-tcm-[n®v AΩ-bpsS DZ-c-Øn¬
ÿnXn sNøp∂ Ip´n _mly-ambn \S-°p∂ F√m {]{In-b-Ifpw {Kln°p--∂p.
K¿`m-ib
- Ø
- nse NqSv, XWp-∏v, km{µ-X, `qan-bpsS BI¿jW
hnI¿jWw F∂nh as‰mcp ÿeØv ]p\¿{I-ao-I-cn-®v Hmtcm Znh-
-54khpw Hcp \n›nX ka-bØv sshI-ey-ap≈ Ip´nsb kq£n®p
sIm≠v Kpcp-Xzm-I¿j-WsØ {Iam-\p-K-X-ambn \nb-{¥n-®m¬ Ip´nbpsS A¥:{km-h-{KŸn hyhÿ DtØ-Pn°s∏-Spw. Ip´nbpsS icoc-Øn¬ \n∂pw \jvS-s∏´p t]mbn-´p-≈tXm _e-lo-\-am-btXm Bb
sIan-°-ep-Iƒ D¬∏m-Zn-∏n®v ]p\-{I-ao-I-cn-°p-∂XmWv ASpØ ]Sn.
Cu hnZy-bpsS XpS°w apX¬ HSp°w hscbp≈ {]mtbm-KnI {Inbmco-XnbmWv sshIey \nhm-cW imkv{XØns‚ A¥- Ø.
At\Iw imkv{X-ß-fpsS t{ImUo-IrX cq]-amWv sshI-ey-\nhm-cW imkv{Xw. B imkv{X-ß-fpsS Adn-hp-I-fpsS kwtbm-P-\hpw
hnL-S-\-hp-amWv CXns‚ D¬∏-Øn]cn-Wm-a-߃°v Imc-W-am-bn-´p≈-Xv. Ccp-]-Xn-\m-bn-c-tØmfw h¿j-ß-fpsS ]nt∂m-´p≈ At\z-jWhpw At\Iw ss]Xr-Iß
- f
- psS ]p\-cm-hn-jvIc
- W
- hpw Cu imkv{Xw
cq]-s∏-SpØn, AXn¬ G‰hpw {i≤-b¿ln-°p-∂Xv Kplm-im-kv{X-ßfm-Wv. _p≤-a-X-Ønse Nne A\p-jvTm-\-ßfpw Kplm-im-kv{X-hp-ambn
_‘n®p sIm≠p≈ Xn_-‰≥ Adn-hp-I-fpamWv AXn¬ G‰hpw {][m\w. Cu imkv{XsØ tISp-]m-Sp-Iƒ Xo¿Øv ]q¿Æ D]-tbm-K-Øn\v
{]m]vX-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v X° hn[-Øn¬ Nn´-s∏SpØn-bn-´p≠v. F¶nepw sshIey \nhm-cW imkv{Xw `qan-im-kvXc
- ]
- c
- a
- mb GsX¶nepw H‰ kt¶-X-Øn-te°v HXp-ßp-∂n-√. temIsØ BI-am\w H‰
kwkvIm-c-ambn I≠p-sIm-≠mWv Cu Kth-jW߃ \S-Øn-bn-´p-≈Xv.
`uam-h-ÿ-Iƒ°-\p-k-cn® [mXp-°-fn¬ hcp∂ hyXymkw PohPm-eß
- f
- nepw a\p-jy-cnepw krjvSn°p∂ hyXym-kß
- ƒ t\cn´pw IrXyambn \n›-bn® ]co-£W
- i
- m-eI
- f
- nepw ]co-£n-®X
- neqsS {]Ir-Xn-bnse
[mXp-°-fpsS \n¿Æm-bI ]¶v hy‡-am-bn-cp-∂p. Xn_-‰n-sebpw awtKmfn-b-bn-sebpw \ofw Ipd-™-h¿,- A-K-kvXym¿Iq-SØnse Ip≈-∑m¿
(Dwarfs ), B{^n-°-bnse \ot{Km-Iƒ, Ba-tkm¨ h\ßfnse
h≥hr-£ß
- ƒ XpSßn temI-Ønse hnhn[ `mK-ßf
- n¬ At\Iw KthjW]co-£-W-߃ \S-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. B Acn-hp-Iƒ sshIey \nhmcW imkv{X-Øn¬ [mXp-°ƒ°v \nbm-a-I-amb ]¶v \¬Ip-∂-Xn\v
Imc-W-am-bn.
{InkvXp-hn\v apºv, ka-Im-eo-\a
- m-bn-cp∂ aq∂p XXz-im-kv{X-߃
Cu imkvX-c-Øn\v km[pX \¬Ip-∂p. Iiy-]-a-l¿jn-bpsS sshti-
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
-55jnI kn≤m-¥w, lnt∏m-{Im-‰-kns‚ tamtU¨ kb≥kv, Acn-tÃm-´nens‚ XXz-Z¿i\w Hs° Kth-j-W-߃°v H‰-bmbpw Iq´mbpw D]tbm-Kn-®p.
sshI-ey-\n-hm-c-W-sa∂ {]{Inb Xmc-X-tay\ k¶o¿Æ-am-sW¶nepw ta¬∏-d™ imkv{X-ß-fnse ⁄m\w AXns\ kc-f-am-°p∂p. `qan-bpsS Kcp-Xzm-I¿j-W-Øn¬ \n∂pw hnSp-X¬ \¬In A¥-co£-Ønse \yqt{Sm-Wp-Isf ]q¿Æ-ambn \nb-{¥n®p sIm≠v amXm-hns‚
K¿`-]m-{X-Øn\p kam-\-amb Hcp _mly-I-hNw krjvSn®v B Ih-NØn¬ {]kvXpX ico-c-Øn-\m-h-iy-amb [mXp-°ƒ \nt£-]n-®m¬
sshIey \nhm-cWw km[y-amIpw F∂ kn≤m-¥-amWv Cu imkv{XØns‚ {]mtbm-Kn-IX. tem]w h∂ [mXp-°sf Ih-N-Øn-\-I-Øp
\n∂pw _mly-t{]-c-W-I-fn-√msX GXm\pw \nan-j-߃ sIm≠v icoc-Øn¬ ]p\-ÿm-]n-°s
- ∏-Sp-∂p. Aßs\ kw`-hn-°p∂ ]p\-ÿm-]\w
sshI-eysØ XpS®p \o°n, \jvS-amb tijn hos≠-Sp-°m≥ icocsØ klm-bn-°p-∂p.
{]IrXn \nb-a-߃ A∏msS Dƒs°m≠v ]p\-cm-hn-jvI-cn-°p∂
_rl- Ø mb alm- i m- k v { X- a mWv sshIey \nhm- c W imkv { Xw.
AXn_rl-Ømb Cu imkv{XØns‚ B[m-c-{KŸw DS-\Sn {]kn≤o-I-cW tbmKy-ambn´p-≠v.
]Tn-Xm-°t- fmSv : Cu imkv{X-Øns‚ ]Tn-Xm-°ƒ°v sshti-jnI
kn≤m-¥w, ]Zm¿∞-kw-ln-X, Iuam-c-N-cnXw XpS-ßnb ]ucm-WnI
{KŸ-߃, Nne Adn-hp-Iƒ \¬Ipsa-∂p-≈Xp sIm≠v, Ah hmbn°p-∂Xv A`y-k-\-Øn\v D]-Im-c-s∏-Spw.
km[m-cW hmb-\-°m-tcmSv : At\Iw ]co-£-W-ß-fn¬°qSn
hnP-b{- ]-Zs
- a∂p Is≠-Ønb Cu imkv{XsØ°pdn®v D≤-cn-®Xv sshIey-߃ AI-‰p-hm≥ {]mtbm-KnI hnZy Ds≠∂v [cn-∏n-°m≥ th≠nbm-Wv. \n߃°pw ]co-£n®p t\m°m-hp∂ hnP-b-I-c-amb kmt¶XnIhnZy-bm-Wv sshI-ey-\n-hm-cW imkv{Xw.
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
Buy a book, be the
part of a Universal
Mission
-56-
By purchasing this book, you have become a
valuable member of IDMI’s flagship mission to
eradicate disabilities from the face of the Earth
within a stipulated time. This is the encyclopaedia
of disabilities, disabilities which defy medical
definitions have been defined.
This is the first EVER attempt since
evolution to uplift the vast depraved community
of the disabled. This book is the bible of
Disability Elimination Science.
Hurry for your copy
Readers of “Sing Like
a Star- Nature and the
Sound” with a valid
purchase receipt can
avail discount on
“Disability Elimination
Science”.
Claim Your discount
by sending transaction ID
via email.
Hurry for your copy
sshI-ey-߃ ˛ Imc-Whpw ]cn-lm-chpw
tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zmkv
hn]-Wn-bn¬ e`y-amb tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zm-kns‚ ]pkvX-I-߃
Hot in markets!!
Disability Elimination Science
Oriental Publishers New York
Disabilities have been conditions for many
centuries, or millennia, without any proper definition. Medical sciences do not know what
causes disabilities and how to treat them. This
pushed a great percentage of the human race
into utter distress. With the backdrop of advanced researches over three decades, Dr.
Thattayil Mohan Das has come up with a fine
resolution to this dilemma. His researches
proved that disabilities can be normalised in a
limited time, varying with the factors like the
severity of the disability, age of the person etc.
The research findings are now made available
to the science forums and for open discussions
by publishing the seminal work of International
Disability Management Institute, with the same
name of the science.
We are Presenting Disability elimination Science as part of IDMI’s
MISSION2025
Here is what you read in Disability Elimination Science, in a nutshell.
Disability Elimination Science includes the research findings of Dr.
Thattayil Mohan Das over past three decades. Most of the disabilities
have been dealt in detail by the author, with an emphasis upon normalising
hn]-Wn-bn¬ e`y-amb tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zm-kns‚ ]pkvX-I-߃
Disability Elimination Science
them. The book covers reasons for disabilities to remediating them using
natural measures.
Reasons for any disability includes two
wide categories, pre-partum and postpartum substance losses, which occur
before and after birth respectively. Root
of most of the disabilities lie in the
womb, because basic physical structure
is formed inside the same. The child
who is provided with necessary
developmental chemicals through the
umbilical cord, by the mother, grows at
a certain rate, and develops necessary
abilities. These developmental chemicals
corresponds with certain human tasks,
the successful transmission of which
equips the child with the task. Any
failure in its distribution results with the
child growing without the ability to
perfor m the task. This is the
fundamental reason for disabilities by
birth, the book says. There are certain
parameters for assessing the distribution
of these chemicals.
The book regards the failure in the endocrine system as the cause of
incapacitations thence. The endocrine which produces chemical
hn]-Wn-bn¬ e`y-amb tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zm-kns‚ ]pkvX-I-߃
Disability Elimination Science
compounds to perform tasks will be malfunctioning in the disabled.
This malfunctioning can be detected and treated using the unique DES
technology, it says. Each human task has an associate chemical element
in the endocrine system, each sensation too has, when it is unavailable
the body falters to perform the corresponding task. This is what happens
in the so called Disabled. The proposition of HTP formula to dissect
disability causes makes disability identification practical, the aspirants
are guided in a way to differentiate disabilities with minute precision.
Unlike modern neuro-science, the book gives extra emphasis to the
endocrine gland system. It is the bodily mechanism that coordinates
bodily functions. The endocrine chemicals are instrumental in keeping
the balance of the functioning. Besides the endocrine, the cell structure
also is important. Keeping the compartmental structure of the cells,
with the vacuum space amid the eight occupied space, as such, is the
normalisation’s core. When the vacuum space gets filled by unnatural or
liquid substances the cell loses its cohesion and conductivity, which leads
to the incapacitation of the related physical region. Disfigured body
parts have always been a matter of shame, for people, there happened
to be no normalisation tool with the medical sciences yet, because only
few successful experiments were made in this regard. And none of them
came up with any explicit reason. This science postulates why such
deformities happen, with an intent to normalise them.
Disabilities are presented in a reader friendly way with the example
of a birthday party, as experienced differently by people of different
abilities. Mental retardation, autism, GDD and all “medically stated
Conditions” are explained by presenting the individual experience of
the participants. This makes the conception easy. In the earlier chapters,
hn]-Wn-bn¬ e`y-amb tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zm-kns‚ ]pkvX-I-߃
Disability Elimination Science
the book discusses the reasons for disabilities, and towards the end
unveils the unique technology. It has been controversial since its
inception as it tries to restructure medical beliefs that human functions
are focussed on the brain. Even modern sciences emphasize the brain
and its faculties in enabling the body function properly. The book, or
the science, re-establishes an age-old scientific fact that the naval region
is the coordination point of basic human actions. This does not mean
that the book demolishes the modern sciences, but it affirms disabilities
are no business of medical science. An argument in the book is as
follows, medical science says disability is a condition which cannot be
treated, then why does it bother about the disabled? Why does it endorse
people spend billions? What is the point of injecting medicines if there
is no use? Why does it receive disabled persons, if treatment is not
possible?
In a mission to eradicate disabilities from the face of the earth in
ten years called Mission2025, the institute plans to disseminate these
information on a global basis. The mission focuses on equipping people
of different countries with disability normalisation measures who can
render their service to the vast population of the disabled community.
This mission aims at reviving an ignored section of the human
population. The publication of DESc. is the first step of executing the
mission, inciting global participation. First of the assertions the institute
posits is that, disabilities can be changed with hundred percent
assurance.
The book is a part of Mission2025 and its readers get an
opportunity to partake the mission by spending a meagre sum of money.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
hn]-Wn-bn¬ e`y-amb tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zm-kns‚ ]pkvX-I-߃
Now in Market!!
Sing Like a Star
“Sing Like a Star- Nature and the Sound”
by Dr. Thattayil Mohandas discusses in
detail Sound Science and its applicaiton
in music and our life. Along with the
book, IDMI virtually offers access to the
Brainwave Programme for Autism and
Learning disability normalisation.
Moreover, this book covers the potentials
of sound modulation and how the sound
has managed to maintain the momentum
of human life in this universe.
Readers of “Sing Like a Star- Nature and the Sound”
with a valid purchase receipt can avail discunt on
“Disability Elimination Science”. Claim your discount
by sending the transaction ID via email.
Here is a glimpse of what you read in this book
All natural sensations rely upon air and sound, no sound is
experienced without air, that is why there is no sound in the space.
Sound waves vary according to the vibrations in the air. Sound waves
below and above human perception, such as infrasound and ultrasound
hn]-Wn-bn¬ e`y-amb tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zm-kns‚ ]pkvX-I-߃
Sing Like a Star - Nature and the Sound
, essentially influence the natural forces. The science of the Sound is as
old as the evolution of the universe, it was there even before the eruption
of civilisations. Man used Sound as the utility and tool to understand
nature, natural forces and natural metabolisms. Formation of modern
civilisations, script systems and languages followed this utility.
Listening closely to the sound was the first step in sound science
practised by the primitive men. Emotions and reflections were
understood by analysing the sound and contour of living beings,
including man, in those days. From these understandings, man
developed the ability to discern what happens around him by analysing
the sound symbols. He was able to study his surroundings just by
considering the sound production patterns. Animals, natural calamities,
beasts, preys, phenomena etc were distinguished by paying attention
to the sound around him. Man learned to decipher the source of the
sound from its resonance and the hidden message-within from its
intensity, this later capacitated him to get rid of wild beasts and natural
calamities. The same was the principle he used in seeking shelter also.
Sound is the tongue of all creatures and the nature, the mother.
Sound waves are triangular, ranging from very delicate to highly
complex ones. The sensation of the vibration/ wave varies as per the
wavelength and the amplitude in which it travels. In early days, man
used the sound for survival, by realising the presence of wild animals
with the help of their sound, and reproducing the same sound. He
learned to produce the sound of wild beasts to frighten away animals,
and developed it as a way of getting rid of danger. This became a practice
and made man conscious of the need for security. The sense of security
became habitual and part of survival of the mankind. Sound, in a way,
resulted such a consciousness.
Primitive man would imitate the sound of leopard, owl, tiger,
elephant etc to cast away intruding animals from the fields. This was
hn]-Wn-bn¬ e`y-amb tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zm-kns‚ ]pkvX-I-߃
Sing Like a Star - Nature and the Sound
made possible by his ability to observe and reproduce sound patterns.
Apart from reproducing the sound of wild animals, he learned that a
proper, resonating, recurrent production of sound symbols makes
himself elated, exhilarated and pleasurable. Such a resonance gave him
physical and mental rapture. The resonance was felt to be pleasurable
and comforting to his auditory senses
and material body. He discovered this
as early as during the first days of his
inhabitation on the planet. This
discovery later gave birth to music and
religious chanting. Even nowadays, the
Buddhist and Zen traditions utilise
sound waves and resonance to elevate
the practitioners to attain consciousness.
They experience consciousness by
regulating the sound symbols in a
particular frequency and amplitude.
When such sound symbols are
frequently produced, the listener
becomes one with the sound. Their
religious sciences realised this
magnificent potential of sound.
Musical sound patterns ( or notes) can be produced by anyone
who knows how to regulate sound symbols in a proper wavelength
and frequency.
Sound waves travel at different speed and velocity through
different objects depending upon the intensity of the objects. The same
sound wave penetrating two objects of varied intensity becomes two
different sounds i.e., the nature of sound depends upon the intensity of
hn]-Wn-bn¬ e`y-amb tUm. X´-bn¬ taml≥Zm-kns‚ ]pkvX-I-߃
Sing Like a Star - Nature and the Sound
its medium. Hearing of beings differs from that of one another, man
comparatively hears lesser sound frequencies than other beings. Some
animals hear much more sound waves than humans, some can hear
what we cannot. Beings possess different hearing ability and thus one
experiences what another does not. Animals identify natural
phenomena with this special ability, instances like some animals
foreseeing natural calamities, is an example. They decode the sound
waves to foresee changes. When an animal identifies such a change, it
informs all other beings by producing an intelligiblesound. This
happens around us most of the time. All beings communicate and
experience the world like us, humans, and their sensitization and
perception is via sound symbols.
The sound awakes the body and intellect and aids it realise
consciousness. When a sound wave is produced continuously, from
the same source, without any overlapping or interruption, sustaining
the frequency and amplitude, it becomes pleasurable music. The
vibration leads to a persistence of sound patterns in similar amplitude
and wavelength. This entering via the ears makes chemical evolutions
in the brain, leading to elation. The metal compounds used for making
such vibrations are unique. “Gong” an offshoot of the Buddhist
traditional sound science is the most popular of the metal components.
BRAINWAVE PROGRAMME
for AUTISM& LEARNING DISABILITY NORMALISATION
BRAINWAVE PROGRAMME
Brainwave refers to the codification of soundwaves. The Buddishts
pioneered in modulating sound waves. They used to Stimulate the consciousness by resonating sound waves of varied frequencies made inside a space
created beyond human hearing. This has been in practice since the fourth
milllennium BC. The practical science behind attaining consciousness this way
was a bit complex; the repeated production of soundwaves in different frequencies, wavelength and amplitude has higher degree of influence than
hearing through the ears. These soundwaves directly influence the
Hypothalamus, Thalamus and Pitutory glands, unlike natural sound patterns.
Deficiency in brain chemicals can be remediated by the application of
soundwaves, to a certain extent.
In Disability elimination Science, the tools to normalise any disabiltiy
include soundwaves, smells, minerals, levitation, anti-gravity etc, which could
aid in hormone secretion. Basic requirement of this application is a proper
understanding of the hormone deficiency. Though, conditions like Autism can
be normalised with the application of soundwaves alone, it is that much powerful. .idm
The brainwaves provided here are created with mostmodern technologies, and
have been tested under different circumstances. these waves have been proven
to be completely effective and harmless, and can be used in conditions like
Autism, Learning Disability, Sleep disorder, Amnesia, Stress, Anxiety Disorder, Depression and many others. the brainwaves can be used for meditation
purposes under proper guidance.
BRAINWAVE PROGRAMME
for
Autism& Learning Disability
Normalisation
To grab your copies of
Disability Elimination Science,
Sing Like a Star- Nature and the Sound and
BrainWave Programme
mail to: idmiedu@idmiedu.net
or go to : http://www.idmiedu.net
Hurry for your Copy!!
TO GRAB YOUR COPIES
LET US WORK FOR A FUTURE
WITH ZERO DISABILITIES
BY PURCHASING THESE BOOKS, YOU JOIN OUR MISSION TO
ERADICATE DISABILITIES& HELP THE WORLD BUILD ITS FUTURE