Road to self driving cars
View of a semiconductor company
Hans Adlkofer
Head Automotive System Group
Industry has standardized ‚Autonomous Driving
We speak the same language
T
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07.07.2015
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Page 2
Classification of Self-Driving Levels
Today
Self-driving car
only
L5: Selfdriving only
Self-driving & Human-driven
car
L4: Full selfdriving
AP: Road
Train
AP: Parking
L3: Limited
Self-driving
AP: Highway
AP: Traffic
Jam
Park Assist
L2: Partial
Autonomy
L1: Assisted
Driving
ACC & LKA
Autonomous Braking
Adaptive Cruise
Control
2010
07.07.2015
2015
2020
2025
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2030
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The road to Self Driving Cars requires:
 New architecture in the cars with domain structure
 High speed internal data bus systems
 Redundancy in technologies and systems  fail operational
 Multiple and diversity in Sensor Systems
 Considerable increased computing performance
 External connectivity with secure gateways
 Driver observing technologies
 In-field upgradeability
 ……. and some more
…. and many more learnings !
07.07.2015date
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The road to Self Driving Cars requires:
Technology only is not sufficient:
• Regulation and liability definitions (Vienna convention 1968)
• Adapted infrastructure to allow convoys and autonomous cars
• Clarity about data ownership and data security
• Which side tasks of the driver are allowed at L3 and higher
• We have to keep the driver alerted to take over in time
07.07.2015
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Page 5
Building Blocks of Automated Driving
Data Processing and
Decision Making
Software
Decision
Making
HMI
Fusion
Vehicle
Sensors
Sensing
Radar,
Ultrasonic,
Sensor Data
Central
Computing
Connectivity
Camera, Laser,
DSRC, Wi-Fi
GPS, Maps
Cellular
Suspension
Transmission
Vehicle Dynamics and
Control
Braking
07.07.2015
Steering
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Acceleration
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TWO major steps with many learnings
Source: Audi, Pilotiertes Fahren 2015
07.07.2015
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Which sensor technologies are needed?
CTA
RADAR
CTA
TSR, LDW
BSD
LCA
Parking
Camera
HBA, CTA
FCW
Side Impact
Parking
Ultrasonic
CM
Pedestrian
RCP
BUA
Parking
LCA
ACC, EB
Protection
Side Impact
Laser
FCW
Parking
CM
BSD
CTA
CTA
The Safety Cocoon through sensors
07.07.2015
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Page 8
What are the system requirements?
Object based fusion
Grid based fusion
Addressable device
high end Multicore µC
architect.
Matrix GPUs with safety guards µC
Representation of car
environment
Limited.
Lanes + object list.
Comprehensive.
Grid/map of 200x80m, 0,1x0,1m
resolution
Usage
L1/L2 automated drive
L3/L4 autonomous drive
Computation types
Collision avoidance
Driving commands
Computation outputs
Object list
Grid, grid history
Memory for operands
Few MB
2020: 200 to 500MB for grid
history
Memory for SW
Few MB
2020: 80 to 160MB
Computing
performance
2022: up to 3000 DMIPs
2022: more than 8000DMIPs
SW algorithms
Matrix based and Floating
point
Matrix based and Floating point
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We have to come from fail safe to
Fail Operational?
That means:
-
07.07.2015
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Redundancy
Diversification
Fault tolerant >10sec
Self-monitoring device
Multicore µC
Watchdog sensing
Secure communication
ASIL D capable OS
Redundant Power
Supply
Etc.
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The connected car will come
Software
Update
Remote
Diagnostics
HACKER ATTACK
Traffic
Information
Car Repair
Shop
Infotainment
Apps
Payment
Systems
Internet
Services
eCall
Unwanted access
must be denied
Engine Management
Infotainment
Brake
Airbag
Steering
Tablet &
Smartphone
Toll Control
Prioritization of
Emergency Services
07.07.2015
Traffic Jam Detection
Accident Avoidance
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How to enable automotive security?
Security architecture
Gateway
Engine
Control
Airbag
Seat control
Infotainment
Battery
Management
ABS/ESP
Door Module
E-Call
Inverter
V2V
Air Condition
Dashboard
…
…
…
…
AUDO MAX
AURIX™
SLI 76
SLI 97
TPM
…
SLI 97 V2V
SLE 78
 Application:
 Application:
 Application:
 Application:
 Application:
 Driver:
 Driver:
 Driver:
 Driver:
 Driver:
Powertrain/Safety
On Board Security
Infotainment
Cellular Com
Network auth.
Standards
reuse
V2V Com
Network
integrity
Tachograph
Legislation
Security Level
07.07.2015
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Page 12
Potential use cases for SOI technology
Opportunities:
 48V technology is required
 Integration closer to drives and
engines  Temp 175°C
 Smart actuators for satellite
functions
 Different voltage levels and
common ground
 Different voltages classes 5V,
12V, 48V, 350V …..
Challenges:
 10k hours towards 40k hours
full operational in lifetime
 Integration trend only if cost
down can be achieved
 Package integration to achieve
cost down an scalability
 Higher current requirements
for peak performances
07.07.2015
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Page 13
Everbody is working on self driving cars
….. also new players
Let us look to the bride side:
Let us look to the safe side:
-
- >90% of accidents are human
errors
- Reducing CO2 emissions
- Less traffic jams
- Health monitoring
- Drowsiness & distraction
detection ……..
Telephone calls
Writing emails and SMS
Watching a movie
Enjoy eating and drinking
Talking to your passengers
Reading of books
……..
It is worth to fight the challenges for a safer and secure mobility !
07.07.2015
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Page 14
Semiconductors
are Key to enable
Self Driving Cars
Source: Rinspeed
07.07.2015
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set date
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