Renewable energy
Tomoko Doko
Lecturer of Keio University
dokochan@sfc.keio.ac.jp
1. Definition of
renewable energy
Renewable energy
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Renewable energy is energy which comes
from natural resources such as sunlight, wind,
rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are
renewable (naturally replenished).
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy
Biofuel
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Biofuel is a type of fuel which is in some way
derived from biomass. The term covers solid
biomass, liquid fuels and various biogases
(Demirbas, A. , 2009).
Demirbas, A. . (2009). "Political, economic and environmental impacts of
biofuels: A review". Applied Energy 86: S108–S117.
doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.04.036.
Bus running on soybean biodiesel.
U.S. Department of Energy: Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy
(www.eere.energy.gov).
Biomass
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Biomass, a renewable energy source, is
biological material from living, or recently
living organisms (Biomass Energy Center
2011), such as wood, waste, (hydrogen) gas,
and alcohol fuels.
Biomass Energy Center
http://www.biomassenergycentre.org.uk/portal/page?_pageid=76,15
049&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL
Wood is a typical source of biomass
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass
A schematic of a microbial electrolysis cell.
http://images.dailytech.com/nimage/6590_large_biohydrogen_h.jpg
Geothermal energy
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Geothermal energy is thermal energy
generated and stored in the Earth. Thermal
energy is energy that determines the
temperature of matter. Earth's geothermal
energy originates from the original formation
of the planet, from radioactive decay of
minerals and from volcanic activity.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_energy
Steam rising from the Nesjavellir
Geothermal Power Station in Iceland.
Gretar Ívarsson, geologist at Nesjavellir,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NesjavellirPowerPlant_edit2.jpg
Hydroelectricity
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Hydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity
generated by hydropower; the production of
electrical power through the use of the gravitational
force of falling or flowing water.
It is the most widely used form of renewable energy.
Once a hydroelectric complex is constructed, the
project produces no direct waste, and has a
considerably lower output level of the greenhouse
gas carbon dioxide (CO2) than fossil fuel powered
energy plants.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroelectricity
Gordon Dam,
Southwest
National Park,
Tasmania,
Australia.
The Gordon Dam in
Tasmania is a large
hydro facility, with an
installed capacity of 430
MW.
Noodle snacks,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:G
ordon_Dam.jpg
Solar energy
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Solar energy, radiant light and heat from the
sun, has been harnessed by humans since
ancient times using a range of ever-evolving
technologies.
Solar radiation, along with secondary solarpowered resources such as wind and wave
power, hydroelectricity and biomass, account
for most of the available renewable energy on
earth.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy
Nellis Solar Power Plant in the United States,
one of the largest photovoltaic power plants in
North America.
U.S. Air Force photo/Airman 1st Class Nadine Y. Barclay,
http://www.nellis.af.mil/shared/media/photodb/photos/071009-F-0136B-001.jpg
Tidal power
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Tidal power, also called tidal energy, is a
form of hydropower that converts the energy
of tides into useful forms of power - mainly
electricity.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_power
SeaGen - world's first commercial tidal
generator in Strangford Lough Northern
Ireland
Fundy, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SeaGen_installed.jpg
Wave power
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Wave power is the transport of energy by
ocean surface waves, and the capture of that
energy to do useful work — for example,
electricity generation, water desalination, or
the pumping of water (into reservoirs).
Machinery able to exploit wave power is
generally known as a wave energy converter
(WEC).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_power
When an object bobs up and down
on a ripple in a pond, it experiences
an elliptical trajectory.
Motion of a particle in an ocean wave.
A = At deep water. The orbital motion of fluid
particles decreases rapidly with increasing
depth below the surface.
B = At shallow water (ocean floor is now at B).
The elliptical movement of a fluid particle
flattens with decreasing depth.
1 = Propagation direction.
2 = Wave crest.
3 = Wave trough.
Source: Crowsnest, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Elliptical_trajectory_on_ripples.svg
One of three Pelamis machines bursts through a
wave at the Aguçadoura Wave Park off Portugal
P123, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pelamis_bursts_out_of_a_wave.JPG
Wind power
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Wind power is the conversion of wind energy
into a useful form of energy, such as using
wind turbines to make electricity, windmills for
mechanical power, windpumps for water
pumping or drainage, or sails to propel ships.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power
Windmills are typically installed in favourable
windy locations. In the image, wind power
generators in Spain near an Osborne bull
toro de osborne, http://www.flickr.com/photos/9081948@N02/2814864686/
2. Trend in the world
GLOBAL MARKET OVERVIEW
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Renewable energy supplies 19 percent of global final energy
consumption, counting traditional biomass, large hydropower,
and “new” renewables (small hydro, modern biomass, wind, solar,
geothermal, and biofuels).
Source: REN21 “RENEWABLES 2010 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT“
GLOBAL MARKET OVERVIEW
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Global renewable energy
capacity grew at rates of
10–60 percent annually for
many technologies during
the five year period from the
end of 2004 through 2009.
For many renewable
technologies, such as wind
power, growth accelerated
in 2009 relative to the
previous four years.
Source: REN21 “RENEWABLES 2010 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT“
Power Generation Markets
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Existing renewable power
capacity worldwide reached an
estimated 1,230 gigawatts (GW)
in 2009, up 7 percent from 2008.
Renewable energy now
comprises about a quarter of
global power-generating
capacity (estimated at 4,800 GW
in 2009) and supplies some 18
percent of global electricity
production.
When large-scale hydropower is
not included, renewables
reached a total of 305 GW, a 22percent increase over 2008.
Source: REN21 “RENEWABLES 2010 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT“
Thank you for attention!