MICHAEL R. HOFFMANN Division of Engineering and Applied Science W. M. Keck Laboratories California Institute of Technology 1200 East California Blvd. Pasadena, California 91125 mrh@caltech.edu ; http://hoffmann.caltech.edu; +1-626-395-4391 James Irvine Professor of Environmental Science, 1996­ Dean of Graduate Studies, 2002-2008 Professor of Environmental Chemistry, Caltech, 1986-1995 Associate Professor of Environmental Science & Engineering, Caltech, 1980-1985 Associate Professor – Civil & Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 19781980 Assistant Professor – Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Minnesota, 19751978 Education Northwestern University, BA, 1968; Brown University, PhD; 1974 California Institute of Technology, post-doctoral, 1973-1975, Environmental Engineering Selected Honors NCAA Athletic Scholarship (1964 – 1968) Alexander von Humboldt Prize (1991) E. Gordon Young Creative Advances Award (1995) Lady Davis Distinguished Lecturer - Hebrew University - Jerusalem (1996) Fellow of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (2000) ACS Creative Advances in Environmental Science and Technology Award (2001) Davis Distinguished Lecturer – University of New Orleans (2001) Dodge Distinguished Lecturer – Yale University (2002) Johnston Distinguished Lecturer – UC-Berkeley (2003) R. Gordon Distinguished Lecturer – University of Toronto (2003) Jack Edward McKee Medal – Water Environment Federation (2003) Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Senior Scientist Award (2004) Distinguished Visiting Scholar – Tsinghua University, Beijing (2008) Innolec Lecturer – Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (2008) Distinguished Lecturer – National Taiwan University, Taiwan (2008) Erudite Distinguished Scholar, State of Kerala, India (2010) Distinguished Visiting Chair Professor, National Taiwan University, Taipei (2010) Member of the National Academy of Engineering (Elected 2011) 1 Most Highly Cited Publications ­ (H­index = 70, Total Scientific Citations > 18,600) Hoffmann, M. R., Martin, S. T., Choi W. Y., and Bahnemann, D. W., Environmental Applications of Semiconductor Photocatalysis., Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 69-96. ISI Times Cited: 5176 – Google Scholar: 6945 Choi, W. Y.; Termin, A.; and Hoffmann, M. R., Role of Metal-Ion Dopants in QuantumSized TiO2 - Correlation between Photoreactivity and Charge-Carrier Recombination Dynamics. J. Phys. Chem., 1994, 98, 13669-13679. Times Cited: 1212 - Google Scholar: 1531 Kormann C., Bahnemann D. W., and Hoffmann M. R., Preparation and Characterization of Quantum-Size Titanium Dioxide, J. Phys. Chem., 1988, 92, 5196-5201. ISI Times Cited: 528. Bahnemann D. W., Kormann C., and Hoffmann M. R., Preparation and Characterization of Quantum-Size Zinc Oxide - A Detailed Spectroscopic Study,. J. Phys. Chem., 1987 91, 3789-3798. Times Cited: 436 Kormann, C.; Bahnemann, D. W.; and Hoffmann, M. R., Photolysis of Chloroform and Other Organic Molecules in Aqueous TiO2 Suspensions,. Environ. Sci. Technol., 1991, 25, 494-500. Times Cited: 414 Kormann, C.; Bahnemann, D. W.; Hoffmann, M. R. Photocatalytic Production of H2O2 and Organic Peroxides in Aqueous Suspensions of TiO2, ZnO, and Desert Sand, Environ. Sci. Technol. 1988, 22, 798-806. Times Cited: 255 Synergistic Activities: Former Member of the Editorial Board of Journal of Physical Chemistry; Visiting Committee of the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry – Mainz; Member of the Editorial Board of the Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, Visiting Committee of the National University of Singapore; Consultant to the Los Angeles Unified School District and the Belmont Learning Center; Faculty Athletic Representative to the NCAA, Consultant to the South Coast Air Quality Management District, Consultant to Falcon Water Technologies, Consultant to Discus Dental, Consultant to 3M Collaborators: William Goddard (Caltech), Hartmut Herrmann (Univ. Leipzig), Meinrat Andreae (MPI – Mainz), Jack Beauchamp (Caltech), Nate Lewis (Caltech), Detlef Bahnemann (Univ. of Hannover), Ron Cohen (UC-Berkeley), Mark Thiemens (UCSD), Marc Baum (Oak Crest). Former Students & Post-doctoral Fellows – Current Affiliation Scot T. Martin – Harvard University (Prof) Inez Hua – Purdue University (Prof) Wonyong Choi – Postech, Korea (Prof) Janet Kesselman – Mt. Sac College (Prof) Simo Pehkonen – Finland (Prof) Hui-Ming Hung – Taiwan Nat. Univ (Prof) Ronald Siefert – US Naval Academy (Prof) Linda Weavers – Ohio State (Prof) Anne Johansen – C. Washington (Prof) Yael Dubowski – Technion Univ. (Prof.) 2 Greg Roberts – UCSD – Scripps Weng-Ki Ching – Claremont Grad School Steven Szczepankiewicz - Canisius Coll. Catherine Cornu – Cambridge Univ. PD Natasha Kotronarou – NTU – Athens Andreas Termin – Amgen - Boulder Daniel Jacob – Harvard University (Prof) Andy Hong – University of Utah (Prof.) Terri Olson – University of Michigan (Prof) Martha Conklin – UC-Merced (Prof) Robert Arnold – University of Arizona Eric Betterton – U. Arizona (Prof) (Prof) German Mills – Auburn University (Prof) Yigal Erel – Hebrew University (Prof) Tom DiChristina – Georgia Tech (Prof) Jeff Collett – Colorado State (Prof) Bill Munger - Harvard University Bruce Daube – Harvard University Bruce Faust – UCLA (Prof) Ralf Höchemer – Hoechst - Germany Claudius Kormann – BASF, Germany Jed Waldman – State of California Amy Hoffman – Dames & Moore Ken Leung – Environ - Consulting Nicola Peill - Akamai Scott Boyce – Rohm & Haas (PD) Dieter Gunz – Lichtenstein (Prof) Manabu Igawa – Kanagawa Univ. (Prof) Elizabeth Carraway – Clemson (Prof) Maria Suarez-Iha – Univ. Sao Paolo (Prof) Dean Willberg – Schlumberger Jim McArdle – SmithKline Joon-Woon Kang - Yonsei Univ. (Prof) Hugo Destaillats – UC-Berkeley - LBNL Tim Lesko – Schlumberger Axel Kratel – Borland – Santa Cruz Fok Leung – Wash State University (Prof) Nathan Dalleska – Staff Scientist Caltech Marcelo Guzman – Harvard University PD William Balzerski – PhD 2008 Chad Vecitis – Asst. Prof. Harvard (PD - Hyunwoong Park – Kyung-buk U. (Prof) Yale) Alicia Gonzales – PD- Argentina Chris Boxe, Jet Propulsion Lab, CIT Jina Choi – PhD 2009 – PD Caltech Marta Escobar – PD – Argentina Jie Cheng – PhD 2009 – PD Caltech Administrative Experience Dean of Graduate Studies, 2002 - 2008 Executive Officer (i.e., Department Chair), 1996 – 2002 Chair of Ad Hoc Committee on Parking, Caltech, 2001 ESE Graduate Option Representative, 1999 – 2001 Commissioner (Faculty Chair), SCIAC Athletic Conference 1998-2000 ESE Graduate Admissions Officer, 1990 – 1998 Faculty Chair of Undergraduate Admissions, 1986 - 1988 Primary Literature Publications (Ordered from Most Recent) Hoffmann, M. R.; Moss, J. A.; Baum, M. M., Artificial photosynthesis: semiconductor photocatalytic fixation of CO2 to afford higher organic compounds, Dalton Trans. 2011, 40, 5151. 3 Zhao, D. M.; Cheng, J.; Vecitis, C. D.; Hoffmann, M. R., Sorption of Perfluorochemicals to Granular Activated Carbon in the Presence of Ultrasound, J. Phys. Chem. A 2011, 115: 2250. Zhao, D. M.; Cheng, J.; Hoffmann, M. R., Kinetics of microwave-enhanced oxidation of phenol by hydrogen peroxide, Front , Environ. Sci. Eng. China 2011, 5: 57. Kinugawa, T.; Enami, S.; Yabushita, A.; Kawasaki, M.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Colussi, A. J., Conversion of gaseous nitrogen dioxide to nitrate and nitrite on aqueous surfactants, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2011, 13: 5144. Hayase, S.; Yabushita, A.; Kawasaki, M.; Enami, S.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Colussi, A. J., "Heterogeneous Reaction of Gaseous Ozone with Aqueous Iodide in the Presence of Aqueous Organic Species" J. Phys. Chem. A 2010, 114, 6016. Ou, H. H.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Liao, C. H.; Hong, J. H.; Lo, S. L. "Photocatalytic oxidation of aqueous ammonia over platinized microwave-assisted titanate nanotubes" Appl. Catal. B-Environ. 2010, 99, 74. Enami, S.; Stewart, L. A.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Colussi, A. J. "Superacid Chemistry on Mildly Acidic Water" J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2010, 1, 3488. Enami, S.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Colussi, A. J. "Prompt Formation of Organic Acids in Pulse Ozonation of Terpenes on Aqueous Surfaces" J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2010, 1, 2374. Boxe, C. S.; Worden, J. R.; Bowman, K. W.; Kulawik, S. S.; Neu, J. L.; Ford, W. C.; Osterman, G. B.; Herman, R. L.; Eldering, A.; Tarasick, D. W.; Thompson, A. M.; Doughty, D. C.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Oltmans, S. J. "Validation of northern latitude Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer stare ozone profiles with ARC-IONS sondes during ARCTAS: sensitivity, bias and error analysis" Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2010, 10, 9901. Enami, S.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Colussi, A. J., Proton Availability at the Air/Water Interface, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2010, 1, 1599-1604. Enami, S.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Colussi, A. J., Molecular Control of Reactive Gas Uptake on Water, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2010, 114, 5817-5822. Vecitis, C. D.; Lesko, T.; Colussi, A. J.; Hoffmann, M. R., Sonolytic decomposition of aqueous bioxalate in the presence of ozone, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2010, 114, 4968– 4980. Vecitis, C. D.; Wang, Y. J.; Cheng, J.; Park, H.; Mader, B. T.; Hoffmann, M. R. Sonochemical degradation of perfluorooctanesulfonate in aqueous film-forming foams, Environ. Sci. Technol., 2010, 44, 432-438. 4 Choi, J.; Park, H.; Hoffmann, M. R., Combinatorial doping of TiO2 with platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), vanadium (V), and nickel (Ni) to achieve enhanced photocatalytic activity with visible light irradiation, J. Mater. Res., 2010, 25, 149-158. Choi, J.; Park, H.; Hoffmann, M. R. Effects of single metal-ion doping on the visible light photoreactivity of TiO2, J. Phys. Chem. C., 2010, 114, 783-792. Cheng, J.; Soetjipto, C.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Colussi, A. J., Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy of the Morphology and Composition of Interstitial Fluids in Freezing Electrolyte Solutions J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2010, 1, 374-378. Cheng, J.; Vecitis, C. D.; Park, H.; Mader, B. T.; Hoffmann, M. R., Sonochemical Degradation of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in Groundwater: Kinetic Effects of Matrix Inorganics., Env. Sci. Technol., 2010, 44, 445450. Rincon, A. G.; Guzman, M. I.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Colussi, A. J. Thermochromism of Model Organic Aerosol Matter J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2010, 1, 368-373. Rincon, A. G.; Guzman, M. I.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Colussi, A. J. Optical Absorptivity versus Molecular Composition of Model Organic Aerosol Matter, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2009, 113, 10512-10520. Campbell, T. Y.; Vecitis, C. D.; Mader, B. T.; Hoffmann, M. R. Perfluorinated Surfactant Chain-Length Effects on Sonochemical Kinetics, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2009, 113, 98349842. Cheng, J.; Psillakis, E.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Colussi, A. J. Acid Dissociation versus Molecular Association of Perfluoroalkyl Oxoacids: Environmental Implications, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2009, 113, 8152-8156. Enami, S.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Colussi, A. J. Simultaneous Detection of Cysteine Sulfenate, Sulfinate, and Sulfonate during Cysteine Interfacial Ozonolysis, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2009, 113, 9356-9358. Enami, S.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Colussi, A. J. How Phenol and alpha-Tocopherol React with Ambient Ozone at Gas/Liquid Interfaces, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2009, 113, 7002-7010. Enami, S.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Colussi, A. J. Absorption of Inhaled NO2, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2009, 113, 7977-7981. Psillakis, E.; Cheng, J.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Colussi, A. J. Enrichment Factors of Perfluoroalkyl Oxoanions at the Air/Water Interface, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2009, 113, 8826-8829. 5 Rincon, A. G.; Guzman, M. I.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Colussi, A. J. Optical Absorptivity versus Molecular Composition of Model Organic Aerosol Matter, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2009, 113, 10512-10520. Vecitis, C. D.; Park, H.; Cheng, J.; Mader, B. T.; Hoffmann, M. R. Treatment technologies for aqueous perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), Front. Environ. Sci. Eng. China, 2009, 3, 129-151. Park, H.; Vecitis, C. D.; Hoffmann, M. R. Electrochemical Water Splitting Coupled with Organic Compound Oxidation: The Role of Active Chlorine Species, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2009, 113, 7935–7945 Yabushita, A.; Enami, S.; Sakamoto, Y.; Kawasaki, M.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Colussi, A. J. Anion-Catalyzed Dissolution of NO2 on Aqueous Microdroplets, J. Phys. Chem. A 2009, 113, 4844-4848. Park, H.; Vecitis, C. D.; Cheng, J.; Choi, W.; Mader, B. T.; Hoffmann, M. R. Reductive Defluorination of Aqueous Perfluorinated Alkyl Surfactants: Effects of Ionic Headgroup and Chain Length, J. Phys. Chem. A 2009, 113, 690-696. Enami, S.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Colussi, A. J. Ozone Oxidizes Glutathione to a Sulfonic Acid, Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2009, 22, 35-40. Vecitis, C. D.; Park, H.; Cheng, J.; Mader, B. T.; Hoffmann, M. R. Kinetics and mechanism of the sonolytic conversion of the aqueous perfluorinated surfactants, perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) into inorganic products, J. Phys. Chem. A 2008, 112, 4261-4270. Vecitis, C. D.; Park, H.; Cheng, J.; Mader, B. T.; Hoffmann, M. R. Enhancement of Perfluorooctanoate and Perfluorooctanesulfonate Activity at Acoustic Cavitation Bubble Interfaces, J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 16850-16857. Silva, L. A.; Ryu, S. Y.; Choi, J.; Choi, W.; Hoffmann, M. R. Photocatalytic hydrogen production with visible light over Pt-interlinked hybrid composites of cubic phase and hexagonal phase CdS, J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 12069-12073. Park, H.; Vecitis, C. D.; Hoffmann, M. R. Solar-powered electrochemical oxidation of organic compounds coupled with the cathodic production of molecular hydrogen, J. Phys. Chem. A 2008, 112, 7616-7626. Park, H.; Vecitis, C. D.; Choi, W.; Weres, O.; Hoffmann, M. R., Solar-powered production of molecular hydrogen from water, J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 885-889. Park, H.; Choi, W.; Hoffmann, M. R., Effects of the preparation method of the ternary CdS/TiO2/Pt hybrid photocatalysts on visible light-induced hydrogen production, J. Mater. Chem. 2008, 18, 2379-2385. 6 Kim, K. N.; Hoffmann, M. R., Heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, Korean J. Chem. Eng. 2008, 25, 89-94. Enami, S.; Vecitis, C. D.; Cheng, J.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Colussi, A. J., Mass spectrometry of interfacial layers during fast aqueous aerosol/ozone gas reactions of atmospheric interest, Chem. Phys. Lett. 2008, 455, 316-320. Enami, S.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Colussi, A. J., Ozonolysis of uric acid at the air/water interface, J. Phys. Chem. B 2008, 112, 4153-4156. Enami, S.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Colussi, A. J., Acidity enhances the formation of a persistent ozonide at aqueous ascorbate/ozone gas interfaces, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2008, 105, 7365-7369. Choi, J.; Ryu, S. Y.; Balcerski, W.; Lee, T. K.; Hoffmann, M. R., Photocatalytic production of hydrogen on Ni/NiO/KNbO3/CdS nanocomposites using visible light, J. Mater. Chem. 2008, 18, 2371-2378. Cheng, J.; Vecitis, C. D.; Park, H.; Mader, B. T.; Hoffmann, M. R. Sonochemical Degradation of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in Landfill Groundwater: Environmental Matrix Effects, Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 8057-8063. Cheng, J.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Colussi, A. J. Anion fractionation and reactivity at air/water: Methanol interfaces. Implications for the origin of Hofmeister effects, J. Phys. Chem. B 2008, 112, 7157-7161. Balcerski, W.; Ryu, S. Y.; Hoffmann, M. R. Gas-phase photodegradation of decane and methanol on TiO2: Dynamic surface chemistry characterized by diffuse reflectance FTIR, Int. J. Photoenergy 2008. Ryu, S. Y.; Choi, J.; Balcerski, W.; Lee, T. K.; Hoffmann, M. R. Photocatalytic production of H-2 on nanocomposite catalysts, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2007, 46, 7476-7488. Ryu, S. Y.; Balcerski, W.; Lee, T. K.; Hoffmann, M. R. Photocatalytic production of hydrogen from water with visible light using hybrid catalysts of CdS attached to microporous and mesoporous silicas, J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 111, 18195-18203. Guzman, M. I.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Colussi, A. J. Photolysis of pyruvic acid in ice: Possible relevance to CO and CO2 ice core record anomalies, J. Geophys. Res. 2007, 112, D10, Article Number D10123, DOI: 10.1029/2006JD007886 Grannas, A. M.; Jones, A. E.; Dibb, J.; Ammann, M.; Anastasio, C.; Beine, H. J.; Bergin, M.; Bottenheim, J.; Boxe, C. S.; Carver, G.; Chen, G.; Crawford, J. H.; Domine, F.; Frey, M. M.; Guzman, M. I.; Heard, D. E.; Helmig, D.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Honrath, R. 7 E.; Huey, L. G.; Hutterli, M.; Jacobi, H. W.; Klan, P.; Lefer, B.; McConnell, J.; Plane, J.; Sander, R.; Savarino, J.; Shepson, P. B.; Simpson, W. R.; Sodeau, J. R.; von Glasow, R.; Weller, R.; Wolff, E. W.; Zhu, T. An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts, Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2007, 7, 4329-4373. Enami, S.; Vecitis, C. D.; Cheng, J.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Colussi, A. J., Global inorganic source of atmospheric bromine, J. Phys. Chem. A 2007, 111, 8749-8752. Enami, S.; Vecitis, C. D.; Cheng, J.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Colussi, A. J. Electrospray mass spectrometric detection of products and short-lived intermediates in aqueous aerosol microdroplets exposed to a reactive gas, J. Phys. Chem. A 2007, 111, 13032-13037. Balcerski, W.; Ryu, S. Y.; Hoffmann, M. R., Visible-light photoactivity of nitrogen-doped TiO2: Photo-oxidation of HCO2H to CO2 and H2O, J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 111, 1535715362. Robinson, C.; Boxe, C. S.; Guzman, M. I.; Colussi, A. J.; Hoffmann, M. R. Acidity of frozen electrolyte solutions, J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 7613-7616. Locke, B. R.; Sato, M.; Sunka, P.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Chang, J. S. Electrohydraulic discharge and nonthermal plasma for water treatment, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2006, 45, 882-905. Lesko, T.; Colussi, A. J.; Hoffmann, M. R. Sonochemical decomposition of phenol: Evidence for a synergistic effect of ozone and ultrasound for the elimination of total organic carbon from water, Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 6818-6823. Guzman, M. I.; Hildebrandt, L.; Colussi, A. J.; Hoffmann, M. R., Cooperative hydration of pyruvic acid in ice, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 10621-10624. Guzman, M. I.; Colussi, A. J.; Hoffmann, M. R., Photogeneration of distant radical pairs in aqueous pyruvic acid glasses, J. Phys. Chem. A 2006, 110, 931-935. Guzman, M. I.; Colussi, A. J.; Hoffmann, M. R., Photoinduced oligomerization of aqueous pyruvic acid, J. Phys. Chem. A 2006, 110, 3619-3626. Cheng, J.; Vecitis, C. D.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Colussi, A. J. Experimental anion affinities for the air/water interface, J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 25598-25602. Boxe, C. S.; Colussi, A. J.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Perez, I. M.; Murphy, J. G.; Cohen, R. C. Kinetics of NO and NO2 evolution from illuminated frozen nitrate solutions, J. Phys. Chem. A 2006, 110, 3578-3583. 8 Moss, J. A.; Szczepankiewicz, S. H.; Park, E.; Hoffmann, M. R., Adsorption and photodegradation of dimethyl methylphosphonate vapor at TiO2 surfaces, J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 19779-19785. McCabe, J. R.; Boxe, C. S.; Colussi, A. J.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Thiemens, M. H., Oxygen isotopic fractionation in the photochemistry of nitrate in water and ice, J. Geophys. Res., 2005, 110. Ferguson, M. A.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Hering, J. G. TiO2-photocatalyzed As(III) oxidation in aqueous suspensions: Reaction kinetics and effects of adsorption, Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39, 1880-1886. Boxe, C. S.; Colussi, A. J.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Murphy, J. G.; Wooldridge, P. J.; Bertram, T. H.; Cohen, R. C. Photochemical production and release of gaseous NO2 from nitrate-doped water ice, J. Phys. Chem. A 2005, 109, 8520-8525. Lesko, T. M.; Colussi, A. J.; Hoffmann, M. R. Hydrogen isotope effects and mechanism of aqueous ozone and peroxone decompositions, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 44324436. Johansen, A. M.; Hoffmann, M. R., Chemical characterization of ambient aerosol collected during the northeast monsoon season over the Arabian Sea: Anions and cations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 2004, 109. Hoffmann, M. R., Advanced water treatment using semiconductor electrodes, Electrochemistry 2004, 72, 805-805. Johansen, A. M.; Hoffmann, M. R., Chemical characterization of ambient aerosol collected during the northeast monsoon season over the Arabian Sea: Labile-Fe(II) and other trace metals, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 2003, 108. Cornu, C. J. G.; Colussi, A. J.; Hoffmann, M. R. Time scales and pH dependences of the redox processes determining the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 nanoparticles from periodic illumination experiments in the stochastic regime, J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 3156-3160. Colussi, A. J.; Hoffmann, M. R., In situ photolysis of deep ice core contaminants by Cerenkov radiation of cosmic origin, Geophys. Res. Lett. 2003, 30. Ching, W. K.; Colussi, A. J.; Hoffmann, M. R. Soluble sunscreens fully protect E-coli from disinfection by electrohydraulic discharges, Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37, 4901-4904. Boxe, C. S.; Colussi, A. J.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Tan, D.; Mastromarino, J.; Case, A. T.; Sandholm, S. T.; Davis, D. D. Multiscale ice fluidity in NOx photodesorption from frozen nitrate solutions, J. Phys. Chem. A 2003, 107, 11409-11413. 9 Szczepankiewicz, S. H.; Moss, J. A.; Hoffmann, M. R. Slow surface charge trapping kinetics on irradiated TiO2, J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 2922-2927. Szczepankiewicz, S. H.; Moss, J. A.; Hoffmann, M. R. Electron traps and the Stark effect on hydroxylated titania photocatalysts, J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 7654-7658. Luke, T. L.; Mohan, H.; Jacob, T. A.; Manoj, V. M.; Manoj, P.; Mittal, J. P.; Destaillats, H.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Aravindakumar, C. T., Kinetic and spectral investigation of the electron and hydrogen adducts of dihydroxy- and dimethyl-substituted pyrimidines: a pulse radiolysis and product analysis study, J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2002, 15, 293305. Luke, T. L.; Jacob, T. A.; Mohan, H.; Destaillats, H.; Manoj, V. M.; Manoj, P.; Mittal, J. P.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Aravindakumar, C. T., Properties of the OH adducts of hydroxy-, methyl-, methoxy-, and amino-substituted pyrimidines: Their dehydration reactions and end-product analysis, J. Phys. Chem. A 2002, 106, 2497-2504. Leung, F. Y. T.; Colussi, A. J.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Toon, G. C. Isotopic fractionation of carbonyl sulfide in the atmosphere: Implications for the source of background stratospheric sulfate aerosol, Geophys. Res. Lett. 2002, 29. Hung, H. M.; Kang, J. W.; Hoffmann, M. R., The sonolytic destruction of methyl tert-butyl ether present in contaminated groundwater., Water Environ. Res. 2002, 74, 545556. Dubowski, Y.; Colussi, A. J.; Boxe, C.; Hoffmann, M. R., Monotonic increase of nitrite yields in the photolysis of nitrate in ice and water between 238 and 294 K, J. Phys. Chem. A 2002, 106, 6967-6971. Destaillats, H.; Turjanski, A. G.; Estrin, D. A.; Hoffmann, M. R., Molecular structure effects on the kinetics of hydroxyl radical addition to azo dyes, J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2002, 15, 287-292. Leung, F. Y.; Colussi, A. J.; Hoffmann, M. R. Sulfur isotopic fractionation in the gasphase oxidation of sulfur dioxide initiated by hydroxyl radicals, J. Phys. Chem. A 2001, 105, 8073-8076. Dubowski, Y.; Colussi, A. J.; Hoffmann, M. R. Nitrogen dioxide release in the 302 nm band photolysis of spray-frozen aqueous nitrate solutions. Atmospheric implications, J. Phys. Chem. A 2001, 105, 4928-4932. Destaillats, H.; Lesko, T. M.; Knowlton, M.; Wallace, H.; Hoffmann, M. R. Scale-up of sonochemical reactors for water treatment, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2001, 40, 38553860. 10 Destaillats, H.; Alderson, T. W.; Hoffmann, M. R. Applications of ultrasound in NAPL remediation: Sonochemical degradation of TCE in aqueous surfactant solutions, Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 35, 3019-3024. Cornu, C. J. G.; Colussi, A. J.; Hoffmann, M. R. Quantum yields of the photocatalytic oxidation of formate in aqueous TiO2 suspensions under continuous and periodic illumination, J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 1351-1354. Ching, W. K.; Colussi, A. J.; Sun, H. J.; Nealson, K. H.; Hoffmann, M. R. Escherichia coli disinfection by electrohydraulic discharges, Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 35, 41394144. Weavers, L. K.; Malmstadt, N.; Hoffmann, M. R., Kinetics and mechanism of pentachlorophenol degradation by sonication, ozonation, and sonolytic ozonation., Environ. Sci. Technol. 2000, 34, 1280-1285. Szczepankiewicz, S. H.; Colussi, A. J.; Hoffmann, M. R., Infrared spectra of photoinduced species on hydroxylated titania surfaces, J. Phys. Chem. B 2000, 104, 9842-9850. Joseph, J. M.; Destaillats, H.; Hung, H. M.; Hoffmann, M. R., The sonochemical degradation of azobenzene and related azo dyes: Rate enhancements via Fenton's reactions, J. Phys. Chem. A 2000, 104, 301-307. Johansen, A. M.; Siefert, R. L.; Hoffmann, M. R., Chemical composition of aerosols collected over the tropical North Atlantic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. 2000, 105, 15277-15312. Hung, H. M.; Ling, F. H.; Hoffmann, M. R., Kinetics and mechanism of the enhanced reductive degradation of nitrobenzene by elemental iron in the presence of ultrasound, Environ. Sci. Technol. 2000, 34, 1758-1763. Elbert, W.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Kramer, M.; Schmitt, G.; Andreae, M. O., Control of solute concentrations in cloud and fog water by liquid water content, Atmos. Environ., 2000, 34, 1109-1122. Dubowski, Y.; Hoffmann, M. R., Photochemical transformations in ice: Implications for the fate of chemical species, Geophys. Res. Lett. 2000, 27, 3321-3324. Destaillats, H.; Hung, H. M.; Hoffmann, M. R., Degradation of alkylphenol ethoxylate surfactants in water with ultrasonic irradiation, Environ. Sci. Technol. 2000, 34, 311-317. Destaillats, H.; Colussi, A. J.; Joseph, J. M.; Hoffmann, M. R., Synergistic effects of sonolysis combined with ozonolysis for the oxidation of azobenzene and methyl orange, J. Phys. Chem. A 2000, 104, 8930-8935. 11 Dalleska, N. F.; Colussi, A. J.; Hyldahl, A. M.; Hoffmann, M. R., Rates and mechanism of carbonyl sulfide oxidation by peroxides in concentrated sulfuric acid, J. Phys. Chem. A 2000, 104, 10794-10796. Colussi, A. J.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Tang, Y., Dynamic inhibition of constrained crystallization by mesoscopic morphology modifiers, Langmuir 2000, 16, 24052408. Colussi, A. J.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Tang, Y., Conformational disorder binds n-alkanes into surface monolayers above the normal freezing point, Langmuir 2000, 16, 52135217. Bange, H. W.; Rixen, T.; Johansen, A. M.; Siefert, R. L.; Ramesh, R.; Ittekkot, V.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Andreae, M. O., A revised nitrogen budget for the Arabian Sea., Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle 2000, 14, 1283-1297. Siefert, R. L.; Johansen, A. M.; Hoffmann, M. R., Chemical characterization of ambient aerosol collected during the southwest monsoon and intermonsoon seasons over the Arabian Sea: Labile-Fe(II) and other trace metals, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. 1999, 104, 3511-3526. Kang, J. W.; Hung, H. M.; Lin, A.; Hoffmann, M. R., Sonolytic destruction of methyl tertbutyl ether by ultrasonic irradiation: The role of O3, H2O2, frequency, and power density, Environ. Sci. Technol. 1999, 33, 3199-3205. Johansen, A. M.; Siefert, R. L.; Hoffmann, M. R., Chemical characterization of ambient aerosol collected during the southwest monsoon and intermonsoon seasons over the Arabian Sea: Anions and cations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. 1999, 104, 2632526347. Hung, H. M.; Hoffmann, M. R., Kinetics and mechanism of the sonolytic degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons: Frequency effects., J. Phys. Chem. A 1999, 103, 27342739. Colussi, A. J.; Hung, H. M.; Hoffmann, M. R., Sonochemical degradation rates of volatile solutes, J. Phys. Chem. A 1999, 103, 2696-2699. Colussi, A. J.; Hoffmann, M. R. Vapor supersaturation in collapsing bubbles. Relevance to the mechanisms of sonochemistry and sonoluminescence., J. Phys. Chem. A 1999, 103, 11336-11339. Weavers, L. K.; Ling, F. H.; Hoffmann, M. R. Aromatic compound degradation in water using a combination of sonolysis and ozonolysis., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1998, 32, 2727-2733. 12 Weavers, L. K.; Hoffmann, M. R. Sonolytic decomposition of ozone in aqueous solution: Mass transfer effects, Environ. Sci. Technol. 1998, 32, 3941-3947. Siefert, R. L.; Johansen, A. M.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Pehkonen, S. O. Measurements of trace metal (Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr) oxidation states in fog and stratus clouds., J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 1998, 48, 128-143. Peill, N. J.; Hoffmann, M. R. Mathematical model of a photocatalytic fiber-optic cable reactor for heterogeneous photocatalysis., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1998, 32, 398-404. Lang, P. S.; Ching, W. K.; Willberg, D. M.; Hoffmann, M. R. Oxidative degradation of 2,4.6-trinitrotoluene by ozone in an electrohydraulic discharge reactor., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1998, 32, 3142-3148. Kang, J. W.; Hoffmann, M. R. Kinetics and mechanism of the sonolytic destruction of methyl tert-butyl ether by ultrasonic irradiation in the presence of ozone., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1998, 32, 3194-3199. Hung, H. M.; Hoffmann, M. R. Kinetics and mechanism of the enhanced reductive degradation of CCl4 by elemental iron in the presence of ultrasound., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1998, 32, 3011-3016. Colussi, A. J.; Weavers, L. K.; Hoffmann, M. R. Chemical bubble dynamics and quantitative sonochemistry., J. Phys. Chem. A 1998, 102, 6927-6934. Weavers, L. K.; Hua, I.; Hoffmann, M. R. Degradation of triethanolamine and chemical oxygen demand reduction in wastewater by photoactivated periodate., Water Environ. Res. 1997, 69, 1112-1119. Peill, N. J.; Hoffmann, M. R., Solar-powered photocatalytic fiber-optic cable reactor for waste stream remediation., J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME 1997, 119, 229-236. Peill, N. J.; Bourne, L.; Hoffmann, M. R. Iron(III)-doped Q-sized TiO2 coatings in a fiberoptic cable photochemical reactor., J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem. 1997, 108, 221-228. Kesselman, J. M.; Weres, O.; Lewis, N. S.; Hoffmann, M. R. Electrochemical production of hydroxyl radical at polycrystalline Nb-doped TiO2 electrodes and estimation of the partitioning between hydroxyl radical and direct Hole oxidation pathways., J. Phys. Chem. B 1997, 101, 2637-2643. Kesselman, J. M.; Lewis, N. S.; Hoffmann, M. R. Photoelectrochemical degradation of 4chlorocatechol at TiO2 electrodes: Comparison between sorption and photoreactivity., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1997, 31, 2298-2302. 13 Hua, I.; Hoffmann, M. R. Optimization of ultrasonic irradiation as an advanced oxidation technology., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1997, 31, 2237-2243. Choi, W. Y.; Hoffmann, M. R. Novel photocatalytic mechanisms for CHCl3, CHBr3, and CCl3CO2- degradation and the fate of photogenerated trihalomethyl radicals on TiO2., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1997, 31, 89-95. Willberg, D. M.; Lang, P. S.; Hochemer, R. H.; Kratel, A.; Hoffmann, M. R. Degradation of 4-chlorophenol, 3,4-dichloroaniline, and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in an electrohydraulic discharge reactor., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1996, 30, 2526-2534. Siefert, R. L.; Webb, S. M.; Hoffmann, M. R. Determination of photochemically available iron in ambient aerosols., J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. 1996, 101, 14441-14449. Peill, N. J.; Hoffmann, M. R. Chemical and physical characterization of a TiO2-coated fiber optic cable reactor., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1996, 30, 2806-2812. Martin, S. T.; Kesselman, J. M.; Park, D. S.; Lewis, N. S.; Hoffmann, M. R. Surface structures of 4-chlorocatechol adsorbed on titanium dioxide., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1996, 30, 2535-2542. Hua, I.; Hoffmann, M. R. Kinetics and mechanism of the sonolytic degradation of CCl4: Intermediates and byproducts, Environ. Sci. Technol. 1996, 30, 864-871. Hoffmann, M. R.; Hua, I.; Hochemer, R. Application of ultrasonic irradiation for the degradation of chemical contaminants in water., Ultrason. Sonochem. 1996, 3, S163-S172. Choi, W. Y.; Hoffmann, M. R. Kinetics and mechanism of CCl4 photoreductive degradation on TiO2: The role of trichloromethyl radical and dichlorocarbene, J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 2161-2169. Rossi, M. V.; Suarez-Iha, M. E. V.; Hoffmann, M. R. Spectrophotometric determination of the stability constants of co(II) and DPKBH (di-2-pyridyl ketone benzoylhydrazone)., Spectr. Lett. 1995, 28, 1153-1166. Peill, N. J.; Hoffmann, M. R. Development and optimization of a TiO2 coated fiber optic cable reactor - photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1995, 29, 2974-2981. Pehkonen, S. O.; Siefert, R. L.; Hoffmann, M. R. Photoreduction of iron oxyhydroxides and the photooxidation of halogenated acetic-acids., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1995, 29, 1215-1222. 14 Martin, S. T.; Lee, A. T.; Hoffmann, M. R. Chemical mechanism of inorganic oxidants in the TiO2/UV process - increased rates of degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1995, 29, 2567-2573. Kotronarou, A.; Hoffmann, M. R. In Aquatic Chemistry - Interfacial and Interspecies Processes; Huang, C. P., Omelia, C. R., Morgan, J. J., Eds., 1995; Vol. 244. Hua, I.; Hochemer, R. H.; Hoffmann, M. R. Sonolytic hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate the role of supercritical water, J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 2335-2342. Hua, I.; Hochemer, R. H.; Hoffmann, M. R. Sonochemical degradation of p-nitrophenol in a parallel-plate near-field acoustical processor, Environ. Sci. Technol. 1995, 29, 2790-2796. Hoffmann, M. R.; Martin, S. T.; Choi, W. Y.; Bahnemann, D. W. Environmental applications of semiconductor photocatalysis., Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 69-96. Herrmann, H.; Martin, S. T.; Hoffmann, M. R. Time-resolved radio-frequency conductivity (TRRFC) studies of charge-carrier dynamics in aqueous semiconductor suspensions., J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 16641-16645. Choi, W. Y.; Hoffmann, M. R. photoreductive mechanism of CCl4 degradation on TiO2 particles and effects of electron-donors., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1995, 29, 16461654. Siefert, R. L.; Pehkonen, S. O.; Erel, Y.; Hoffmann, M. R. Iron photochemistry of aqueous suspensions of ambient aerosol with added organic-acids., Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1994, 58, 3271-3279. Martin, S. T.; Herrmann, H.; Hoffmann, M. R. Time-resolved microwave conductivity. 2. quantum-sized TiO2 and the effect of adsorbates and light-intensity on chargecarrier dynamics., J. Chem. Soc.-Faraday Trans. 1994, 90, 3323-3330. Martin, S. T.; Herrmann, H.; Choi, W. Y.; Hoffmann, M. R. Time-resolved microwave conductivity.1. TiO2 photoreactivity and size quantization., J. Chem. Soc.-Faraday Trans. 1994, 90, 3315-3322. Kesselman, J. M.; Shreve, G. A.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Lewis, N. S. Flux-matching conditions at TiO2 photoelectrodes - is interfacial electron-transfer to O2 rate-limiting in the TiO2 catalyzed photochemical degradation of organics, J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 13385-13395. Iha, M.; Pehkonen, S. O.; Hoffmann, M. R. Stability, stoichiometry, and structure of Fe(II) and Fe(III) complexes with di-2-pyridyl ketone benzoylhydrazone - environmental applications., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28, 2080-2086. 15 Hoffman, A. J.; Carraway, E. R.; Hoffmann, M. R. Photocatalytic production of H2O2 and organic peroxides on quantum-sized semiconductor colloids., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28, 776-785. Conforto, A.; Dudek, R.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Bing, R. J. The production of NO in endothelial-cells by amphiphiles., Life Sci. 1994, 54, 1143-1153. Choi, W. Y.; Termin, A.; Hoffmann, M. R. Effects of metal-ion dopants on the photocatalytic reactivity of quantum-sized TiO2 particles , Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. Engl. 1994, 33, 1091-1092. Choi, W. Y.; Termin, A.; Hoffmann, M. R. The role of metal-ion dopants in quantum-sized TiO2 - correlation between photoreactivity and charge-carrier recombination dynamics., J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 13669-13679. Carraway, E. R.; Hoffman, A. J.; Hoffmann, M. R. Photocatalytic oxidation of organicacids on quantum-sized semiconductor colloids., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28, 786-793. Pehkonen, S. O.; Siefert, R.; Erel, Y.; Webb, S.; Hoffmann, M. R. Photoreduction of iron oxyhydroxides in the presence of important atmospheric organic-compounds., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1993, 27, 2056-2062. Mills, G.; Hoffmann, M. R. Photocatalytic degradation of pentachlorophenol on tio2 particles - identification of intermediates and mechanism of reaction., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1993, 27, 1681-1689. Hoffmann, M. R. Chemical pollution of the environment - past, present and future, CIBA Found. Symp. 1993, 175, 23-41. Erel, Y.; Pehkonen, S. O.; Hoffmann, M. R. Redox chemistry of iron in fog and stratus clouds., J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. 1993, 98, 18423-18434. Pehkonen, S. O.; Erel, Y.; Hoffmann, M. R. Simultaneous spectrophotometric measurement of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in atmospheric water., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1992, 26, 1731-1736. Kotronarou, A.; Mills, G.; Hoffmann, M. R. Decomposition of parathion in aqueoussolution by ultrasonic irradiation., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1992, 26, 1460-1462. Kotonarou, A.; Mills, G.; Hoffmann, M. R. Oxidation of hydrogen sulfide in aqueous solution by ultrasonic irradiation, Environ. Sci. Technol. 1992, 26, 2420-2428. Hoffman, A. J.; Yee, H.; Mills, G.; Hoffmann, M. R. Photoinitiated polymerization of methyl-methacrylate using Q-sized ZnO colloids., J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 55405546. 16 Hoffman, A. J.; Mills, G.; Yee, H.; Hoffmann, M. R. Q-sized CdS - synthesis, characterization, and efficiency of photoinitiation of polymerization of several vinylic monomers., J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 5546-5552. Ricci, J. C. D.; Woodford, B. J.; Kirschvink, J. L.; Hoffmann, M. R. Alteration of the magnetic-properties of aquaspirillum magnetotacticum by a pulse magnetization technique., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1991, 57, 3248-3254. Kotronarou, A.; Mills, G.; Hoffmann, M. R. Ultrasonic irradiation of p-nitrophenol in aqueous-solution., J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 3630-3638. Kotronarou, A.; Hoffmann, M. R. Catalytic autoxidation of hydrogen sulfide in wastewater., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1991, 25, 1153-1160. Kotronarou, A.; Hoffmann, M. R. Peroxymonosulfate - an alternative to hydrogenperoxide for the control of hydrogen sulfide., Res. J. Water Poll. Control Fed., 1991, 63, 965-970. Kormann, C.; Bahnemann, D. W.; Hoffmann, M. R. Photolysis of chloroform and other organic-molecules in aqueous TiO2 suspensions, Environ. Sci. Technol. 1991, 25, 494-500. Collett, J. L.; Daube, B. C.; Hoffmann, M. R. Spatial and temporal variations in precipitation and cloud interception in the Sierra Nevada of central California, Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. 1991, 43, 390-400. Munger, J. W.; Collett, J.; Daube, B.; Hoffmann, M. R. Fogwater chemistry at Riverside, California, Atmos. Environ.,1990, 24, 185-205. Igawa, M.; Fukushi, Y.; Hayashita, T.; Hoffmann, M. R. Selective transport of aldehydes across an anion exchange membrane via the formation of bisulfite adducts., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1990, 29, 857-861. Gunz, D. W.; Hoffmann, M. R. Field investigations on the snow chemistry in central and Southern California: 2. Carbonyls and carboxylic acids., Atmospheric Environment Part a-General Topics 1990, 24, 1673-1684. Gunz, D. W.; Hoffmann, M. R. Field investigations on the snow chemistry in Central and Southern California: 1. Inorganic ions and hydrogen peroxide, Atmospheric Environment Part a-General Topics 1990, 24, 1661-1671. Gunz, D. W.; Hoffmann, M. R. Atmospheric chemistry of peroxides, Atmos. Environ., 1990, 24, 1601-1633. 17 Collett, J. L.; Daube, B. C.; Munger, J. W.; Hoffmann, M. R. A comparison of 2 cloudwater fogwater collectors - the rotating arm collector and the Caltech Active Strand Cloudwater Collector, Atmos. Environ., 1990, 24, 1685-1692. Collett, J. L.; Daube, B. C.; Hoffmann, M. R. The chemical composition of intercepted cloudwater in the Sierra Nevada., Atmos. Environ., 1990, 24, 959-972. Collett, J. L.; Daube, B. C.; Gunz, D.; Hoffmann, M. R. Intensive studies of Sierra Nevada cloudwater chemistry and its relationship to precursor aerosol and gas concentrations, Atmos. Environ., 1990, 24, 1741-1757. Betterton, E. A.; Hoffmann, M. R. Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of aqueous hydrogen sulfide by peroxymonosulfate., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1990, 24, 1819-1824. Arnold, R. G.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Dichristina, T. J.; Picardal, F. W. Regulation of dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction activity in shewanella-putrefaciens, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1990, 56, 2811-2817. Olson, T. M.; Hoffmann, M. R. Hydroxyalkylsulfonate formation - its role as a S(IV) reservoir in atmospheric water droplets., Atmos. Environ. 1989, 23, 985-997. Munger, J. W.; Collett, J.; Daube, B.; Hoffmann, M. R. Chemical-composition of coastal stratus clouds - dependence on droplet size and distance from the coast, Atmos. Environ. 1989, 23, 2305-2320. Leung, P. S. K.; Hoffmann, M. R. Kinetics and mechanism of the autoxidation of 2aminoethanethiol and ethanethiol catalyzed by cobalt(II) 4,4',4'',4'''tetrasulfophthalocyanine in aqueous-solution., J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 434-441. Leung, P. S. K.; Betterton, E. A.; Hoffmann, M. R. Kinetics and mechanisms of the reduction of cobalt(II) 4,4',4'',4'''-tetrasulfophthalocyanine by 2-mercaptoethanol under anoxic conditions., J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 430-433. Kormann, C.; Bahnemann, D. W.; Hoffmann, M. R. Environmental photochemistry - is iron oxide (hematite) an active photocatalyst - a comparative-study - α-Fe2O3, ZnO, TiO2., J. Photochem. Photobiol. A., 1989, 48, 161-169. Keene, W. C.; Talbot, R. W.; Andreae, M. O.; Beecher, K.; Berresheim, H.; Castro, M.; Farmer, J. C.; Galloway, J. N.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Li, S. M.; Maben, J. R.; Munger, J. W.; Norton, R. B.; Pszenny, A. P.; Puxbaum, H.; Westberg, H.; Winiwarter, W. An intercomparison of measurement systems for vapor and particulate phase concentrations of formic and acetic-acids, J. Geophys. Res., 1989, 94, 6457-6471. Igawa, M.; Munger, J. W.; Hoffmann, M. R. Analysis of aldehydes in cloud samples and fogwater samples by hplc with a post-column reaction detector., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1989, 23, 556-561. 18 Hong, A. P.; Boyce, S. D.; Hoffmann, M. R. Catalytic autoxidation of chemical contaminants by hybrid complexes of cobalt(II) phthalocyanine., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1989, 23, 533-540. Faust, B. C.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Bahnemann, D. W. Photocatalytic oxidation of sulfur dioxide in aqueous suspensions of α-Fe2O3., J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 6371-6381. Collett, J.; Daube, B.; Munger, J. W.; Hoffmann, M. R. Cloudwater chemistry in Sequoia National Park., Atmos. Environ. 1989, 23, 999-1007. Waldman, J. M.; Hoffmann, M. R. Nutrient leaching from pine needles impacted by acidic cloudwater., Water Air Soil Pollut. 1988, 37, 193-201. Olson, T. M.; Torry, L. A.; Hoffmann, M. R. Kinetics of the formation of hydroxyacetaldehyde-sulfur(IV) adducts at low pH, Environ. Sci. Technol. 1988, 22, 1284-1289. Olson, T. M.; Hoffmann, M. R. Formation kinetics, mechanism, and thermodynamics of glyoxylic acid-s(iv) adducts, J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 4246-4253. Olson, T. M.; Hoffmann, M. R. Kinetics, mechanism, and thermodynamics of glyoxalS(IV) adduct formation., J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 533-540. Leung, P. S. K.; Hoffmann, M. R. Kinetics and mechanism of autoxidation of 2mercaptoethanol catalyzed by cobalt(II)-4,4',4'',4'''-tetrasulfophthalocyanine in aqueous-solution., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1988, 22, 275-282. Kormann, C.; Bahnemann, D. W.; Hoffmann, M. R. Photocatalytic production of H2O2 and organic peroxides in aqueous suspensions of TiO2, ZnO, and desert sand., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1988, 22, 798-806. Kormann, C.; Bahnemann, D. W.; Hoffmann, M. R. Preparation and characterization of quantum-size titanium dioxide., J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 5196-5201. Igawa, M.; Hoffmann, M. R. Active-transport of formaldehyde through an anionexchange membrane via the formation of bisulfite adducts, Chem. Lett. 1988, 597600. Dichristina, T. J.; Arnold, R. G.; Lidstrom, M. E.; Hoffmann, M. R. Dissimilative iron reduction by the marine eubacterium Alteromonas putrefaciens Strain-200., Water Sci. Technol. 1988, 20, 69-79. Conklin, M. H.; Hoffmann, M. R. Metal-ion sulfur(IV) chemistry: 1. Structure and thermodynamics of transient copper(II)-sulfur(IV) complexes., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1988, 22, 883-891. 19 Conklin, M. H.; Hoffmann, M. R. Metal-ion sulfur(IV) chemistry: 2. Kinetic studies of the redox chemistry of copper(II) sulfur(IV) complexes., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1988, 22, 891-898. Conklin, M. H.; Hoffmann, M. R. Metal-ion sulfur(IV) chemistry: 3. Thermodynamics and kinetics of transient iron(III) sulfur(IV) complexes., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1988, 22, 899-907. Betterton, E. A.; Hoffmann, M. R. Oxidation of aqueous SO2 by peroxymonosulfate., J. Phys. Chem., 1988, 92, 5962-5965. Betterton, E. A.; Hoffmann, M. R. Henry’s law constants of some environmentally important aldehydes, Environ. Sci. Technol. 1988, 22, 1415-1418. Betterton, E. A.; Erel, Y.; Hoffmann, M. R. Aldehyde-bisulfite adducts - prediction of some of their thermodynamic and kinetic properties., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1988, 22, 92-99. Arnold, R. G.; Dichristina, T. J.; Hoffmann, M. R. Reductive dissolution of Fe(III) oxides by pseudomonas sp 200., Biotechnol. Bioeng. 1988, 32, 1081-1096. Waldman, J. M.; Jacob, D. J.; Munger, J. W.; Hoffmann, M. R. Pollutant deposition in radiation fog., ACS Symposium Series 1987, 349, 250-257. Waldman, J. M.; Hoffmann, M. R. Depositional aspects of pollutant behavior in fog and intercepted clouds., Adv. Chem. Ser. 1987, 79-129. Jacob, D. J.; Shair, F. H.; Waldman, J. M.; Munger, J. W.; Hoffmann, M. R. Transport and oxidation of SO2 in a stagnant foggy valley., Atmos. Environ. 1987, 21, 1305-1314. Hong, A. P.; Bahnemann, D. W.; Hoffmann, M. R. Cobalt(II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine on titanium dioxide: 2. Kinetics and mechanisms of the photocatalytic oxidation of aqueous sulfur dioxide., J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 6245-6251. Hong, A. P.; Bahnemann, D. W.; Hoffmann, M. R. Cobalt(II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine on titanium dioxide - a new efficient electron relay for the photocatalytic formation and depletion of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous suspensions., J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 2109-2117. Hoffmann, M. R.; Hong, A. P. K. Catalytic-oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds by homogeneous and heterogeneous Co(II)-phthalocyanine complexes., Sci. Total Environ. 1987, 64, 99-115. 20 Betterton, E. A.; Hoffmann, M. R. Kinetics, mechanism, and thermodynamics of the reversible-reaction of methylglyoxal (CH3COCHO) with S(IV)., J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 3011-3020. Bahnemann, D. W.; Kormann, C.; Hoffmann, M. R. Preparation and characterization of quantum size zinc-oxide - a detailed spectroscopic study., J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 3789-3798. Bahnemann, D. W.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Hong, A. P.; Kormann, C., Photocatalytic formation of hydrogen peroxide., ACS Symposium Series 1987, 349, 120-132. Bahnemann, D. W.; Hoffmann, M. R. Stabilization of free-radical intermediates on metal oxide semiconductor surfaces., J. Electrochem. Soc. 1987, 134, C463-C463. Olson, T. M.; Hoffmann, M. R. On the kinetics of formaldehyde-S(IV) adduct formation in slightly acidic solution, Atmos. Environ. 1986, 20, 2277-2278. Olson, T. M.; Boyce, S. D.; Hoffmann, M. R., Kinetics, thermodynamics, and mechanism of the formation of benzaldehyde-S(IV) adducts., J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 24822488. Munger, J. W.; Tiller, C.; Hoffmann, M. R., Identification of hydroxymethanesulfonate in fog water, Science 1986, 231, 247-249. Jacob, D. J.; Waldman, J. M.; Munger, J. W.; Hoffmann, M. R., The H2SO4-HNO3-NH3 system at high humidities and in fogs: 2. Comparison of field data with thermodynamic calculations., J. Geophys. Res., 1986, 91, 1089-1096. Jacob, D. J.; Munger, J. W.; Waldman, J. M.; Hoffmann, M. R., The H2SO4-HNO3-NH3 system at high humidities and in fogs: 1. Spatial and temporal patterns in the San Joaquin Valley of California, J. Geophys. Res.. 1986, 91, 1073-1088. Hoffmann, M. R., Fog and cloud water deposition, ACS Symposium Series 1986, 318, 6491. Hoffmann, M. R., On the kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of aquated sulfur dioxide by ozone., Atmos. Environ. 1986, 20, 1145-1154. Faust, B. C.; Hoffmann, M. R. Photoinduced reductive dissolution of α-Fe2O3 by bisulfite, Environ. Sci. Technol. 1986, 20, 943-948. Arnold, R. G.; Olson, T. M.; Hoffmann, M. R. Kinetics and mechanism of dissimilative Fe(III) reduction by Pseudomonas SP-200., Biotechnol. Bioeng. 1986, 28, 1657-1671. 21 Arnold, R. G.; Dichristina, T. J.; Hoffmann, M. R. Inhibitor studies of dissimilative fe(iii) reduction by Pseudomonas SP Strain-200 (Pseudomonas ferrireductans)., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1986, 52, 281-289. Waldman, J. M.; Munger, J. W.; Jacob, D. J.; Hoffmann, M. R., Chemical characterization of stratus cloudwater and its role as a vector for pollutant deposition in a Los Angeles pine forest, Tellus, 1985, 37, 91-108. Leung, P. S. K.; Hoffmann, M. R., Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of 2mercaptoethanol by hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution., J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89, 5267-5271. Jacob, D. J.; Waldman, J. M.; Munger, J. W.; Hoffmann, M. R., Chemical composition of fogwater collected along the California coast., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1985, 19, 730736. Jacob, D. J.; Waldman, J. M.; Haghi, M.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Flagan, R. C., Instrument to collect fogwater for chemical analysis., Rev. Sci. Instrum., 1985, 56, 1291-1293. Plastourgou, M.; Hoffmann, M. R. Transformation and fate of organic esters in layeredflow systems - the role of trace-metal catalysis., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1984, 18, 756-764. Munger, J. W.; Jacob, D. J.; Hoffmann, M. R. The occurrence of bisulfate aldehyde addition products in fogwater and cloudwater., J. Atmos. Chem. 1984, 1, 335-350. Jacob, D. J.; Waldman, J. M.; Munger, J. W.; Hoffmann, M. R., A field investigation of physical and chemical mechanisms affecting pollutant concentrations in fog droplets, Tellus Ser. B. 1984, 36, 272-285. Hoffmann, M. R. Acid Fog, Environ. Sci. Technol. 1984, 18, 61-64. Boyce, S. D.; Hoffmann, M. R. Kinetics and mechanism of the formation of hydroxymethanesulfonic acid at low pH, J. Phys. Chem. 1984, 88, 4740-4746. Munger, J. W.; Jacob, D. J.; Waldman, J. M.; Hoffmann, M. R., Fogwater chemistry in an urban atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 1983, 88, 5109-5121. McArdle, J. V.; Hoffmann, M. R. Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of aquated sulfur dioxide by hydrogen peroxide at low pH, J. Phys. Chem. 1983, 87, 5425-5429. Jacob, D. J.; Waldman, J. M.; Munger, J. W.; Hoffmann, M. R., The chemicalcomposition of fogwater at some urban and rural sites., Aerosol Sci. Technol. 1983, 2, 181-181. 22 Jacob, D. J.; Hoffmann, M. R., A dynamic-model for the production of H+, NO3-, and SO42in urban fog, J. Geophys. Res., 1983, 88, 6611-6621. Boyce, S. D.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Hong, P. A.; Moberly, L. M. Catalysis of the autoxidation of aquated sulfur dioxide by homogeneous metal phthalocyanine complexes, Environ. Sci. Technol. 1983, 17, 602-611. Waldman, J. M.; Munger, J. W.; Jacob, D. J.; Flagan, R. C.; Morgan, J. J.; Hoffmann, M. R. Chemical composition of acid fog, Science 1982, 218, 677-680. Hoffmann, M. R.; Yost, E. C.; Eisenreich, S. J.; Maier, W. J. Characterization of soluble and colloidal-phase metal-complexes in river water by ultrafiltration - a massbalance approach, Environ. Sci. Technol. 1981, 15, 655-661. Hoffmann, M. R.; Faust, B. C.; Panda, F. A.; Koo, H. H.; Tsuchiya, H. M. Kinetics of the removal of iron pyrite from coal by microbial catalysis, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1981, 42, 259-271. Hoffmann, M. R.; Eisenreich, S. J., Development of a computer-generated equilibrium model for the variation of iron and manganese in the hypolimnion of Lake Mendota., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1981, 15, 339-344. Hoffmann, M. R. Thermodynamic, kinetic, and extra-thermodynamic considerations in the development of equilibrium models for aquatic systems, Environ. Sci. Technol. 1981, 15, 345-353. Hoffmann, M. R., Trace-metal catalysis in aquatic environments, Environ. Sci. Technol. 1980, 14, 1061-1066. Hoffmann, M. R.; Lim, B. C., Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of sulfide by oxygen - catalysis by homogeneous metal-phthalocyanine complexes, Environ. Sci. Technol. 1979, 13, 1406-1414. Hoffmann, M. R. Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of hydrogen sulfide by hydrogenperoxide in acidic solution, Environ. Sci. Technol. 1977, 11, 61-66. Hoffmann, M. R.; Stern, R. A.; Rieger, P. H.; Edwards, J. O. Kinetic study of pyrophosphate and peroxodiphosphate complexation of oxovanadium(IV) ion., Inorg. Chim. Acta, 1976, 19, 181-187. Hoffmann, M. R.; Edwards, J. O. Kinetics of oxidation of sulfite by hydrogen peroxide in acidic solution, J. Phys. Chem. 1975, 79, 2096-2098. Hoffmann, M. R.; Edwards, J. O. Some new rhodium(I)-aziridine complexes, Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett., 1974, 10, 837-843. 23 Patents Weres, O.; Hoffmann, M. R., Electrode, electrode manufacturing process and electrochemical cell, U.S. Patent 5,419,824, 1994. Weres, O.; Hoffmann, M. R., Electrochemical Method and Device for Generating Hydroxyl Free Radicals and Oxidizing Chemical Substances Dissolved in Water., U.S. Patent 5,364,508, 1994. Weres, O.; Hoffmann, M. R., Electrochemical Device for Generating Hydroxyl Free Radicals and Oxidizing Chemical Substances Dissolved in Water, U.S. Patent 5,439,577, 1995. Weres, O., Hoffmann, M. R., Electrode with Surface Comprising Oxides of Titanium and Bismuth and Water Purification Process Using This Electrode, U.S. Patent Appl. 6589405, 2008. M. R. Hoffmann and R. G. Arnold (1989) "Microbial Reduction of Iron Ore," United States Patent, Patent Number: 4,880,740; Date: Nov. 14, 1989. B. C. Daube, Jr., R. C. Flagan, and M. R. Hoffmann (1987) "Active Cloudwater Collector," United States Patent, Patent Number: 4,697,462; Date: Oct. 6, 1987. B. C. Daube, Jr., R. C. Flagan, and M. R. Hoffmann (1988) "Automated Rainwater Collector," United States Patent, Patent Number: 4,732,037; Date: Mar. 22, 1988. Peill, N., and Hoffmann, M. R. (1999) "TiO2-Coated Fiber Optic Cable Reactor," United States Patent (California Institute of Technology, USA), 24 pp. Patent Number 5,875,384 February 23, 1999. 24