Information Technology Essentials
Source Work:
Malone, Thomas. 15.561 Information Technology Essentials, Spring 2005.
(MIT OpenCourseWare: Massachusetts Institute of Technology),
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-561-informationtechnology-essentials-spring-2005
(Accessed 19 Nov, 2014). License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
License:
Health Information Technology by Hye-Chung Kum is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
Course URL:
http://pinformatics.tamhsc.edu/courses/phpm631
Why bother?
Why should you, as a manager, care about
information technology?
Do you know the language?
Do you know the language?
Technological Reality
Main Course Objectives
Become comfortable with the
technologies that are shaping business
today
 Acquire tools that will help you assess
technological trends long after you have
left school

◦ Import to learn how to understand and think
about technology, so that you can keep up

Open up the blackbox
◦ Under the hood
What is a computer?
What are the important components?
 What does it do?

A Typical Computer
A Simplified Computer
Memory
Address
(where
to store)
Input via
keyboard /
mouse /
touch pad
What you
see on the
monitor /
printer
Memory
Value
(What to
store)
A Simplified Computer
Memory

There are 100 “locations” on the blackboard

Each location has room for one 3-digit number

LOAD moves number from blackboard to register. Example: LOAD 01

STORE moves number from register to blackboard. Example: STORE 00
A Simplified Computer
Input/Output



Input and Output conveyors hold 3-digit numbers.
GET moves number from input to register.
PUT moves number from register to output
A Simplified Computer
Processor/Calculator


Register has room for one 3-digit number.
Calculator can add and subtract numbers from memory to register.
Example: ADD 02
SUBTRACT 03
LMC INSTRUCTIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Get
Put
Load x (Load 01)
Store x (Store 05)
Add x (Add 02)
Sub x (Sub 03)
Stop
SYMBOLIC LMC INSTRUCTIONS
Example Instruction Sequence
Calculate Pay = Wage + Bonus
1. Load
Wage
2. Add
Bonus
3. Store
Pay
4. Stop
Program to: (NEXT WEEK LAB)
1) Read WAGE and BONUS amount from INPUT
2) Compute total PAY
3) Output total PAY
STEP
1.
2.
3.
4.
INSTRUCTION
STEP
5.
6.
7.
8.
INSTRUCTION
LMC STORED PROGRAM CONCEPTS
ISSUES:

Where is LMC program stored?

How does LMC understand instructions like STOP? It only likes numbers.

How does LMC handle symbolic labels like A, B, C
ANSWERS (Stored Program Concept):
LMC MACHINGE LANGUAGE AND ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
INSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
INSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
Control Flow

BRANCH always puts a new address in the instruction counter.

BRANCH ZERO puts a new address in the instruction counter if the
REGISTER is 0. Otherwise it increases the instruction counter by 1.
Examples: BRANCH 02
BRANCH ZERO 06
INSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
So what are:
MIPS and MHz all about?
Basic Facts to Ask About Any Computer
LMC Answers

MEMORY
◦ BASIC UNIT:
3 DECIMAL DIGIT NUMBER
◦ MAXIMUM SIZE: 100 LOCATIONS

REGISTERS
◦ HOW MANY:
◦ NUMBERS:

1
3 DECIMAL DIGIT NUMBER
INSTRUCTIONS
◦ NUMBER:
7 INSTRUCTIONS
INTEL PENTIUM 4 (32 bit) ANSWERS
1.
MEMORY
a) BASIC UNIT
8 BINATY DIGITS (BITS) = 1 BYTE
8 BITS
00101101
b) MAXIMUM SIZE
c) TYPICAL SIZE
2.
REGISTERS
a) HOW MANY
b) NUMBERS
3.
32 BITS = 4 BYTES (~4GB)
MEMORY RAM: 128 MB – 1GB
ABOUT 50 REGISTERS
VARIOUS TYPES
INSTRUCTIONS
a) NUMBER
ABOUT 500
INTEL Core i7 (64 bit) ANSWERS
1.
MEMORY
a) BASIC UNIT
8 BINATY DIGITS (BITS) = 1 BYTE
8 BITS
00101101
b) MAXIMUM SIZE
a) TYPICAL SIZE
2.
REGISTERS
a) HOW MANY
b) NUMBERS
3.
??
VARIOUS TYPES
INSTRUCTIONS
a) NUMBER
4.
64 BITS = 8 BYTES
(~1.8×1019=18 Exabyte)
MEMORY RAM: 2 GB – 64GB
Number of Core
??
2-4
What now? (later in lab)
1.
MEMORY
a) BASIC UNIT
8 BINATY DIGITS (BITS) = 1 BYTE
8 BITS
00101101
b) MAXIMUM SIZE
c) TYPICAL SIZE
2.
REGISTERS
a) HOW MANY
b) NUMBERS
3.
32 BITS = 4 BYTES
MEMORY RAM: 128 MB – 1GB
ABOUT 50 REGISTERS
VARIOUS TYPES
INSTRUCTIONS
a) NUMBER
ABOUT 500
Take Away
There are many detailed facts about
computers
 Many of them will change every year of your
career
 You will never know them all
 That’s okay
 What you need to know is

◦ What kinds of questions to ask
◦ How to make sense of the answers

The basic concepts you have learned today
will be useful for a long time
http://youtu.be/jZkHpNnXLB0?t=3m5s
Computer Specification

Lab 1 (tonight): 8pm
◦
◦
◦
◦

Open up and do
System properties
Disk properties
Device manager
Assignment 1
Trivia
Text editors vs Word
 File Extension
 Root: where are your files?
